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THE WATCHES. irn and woary sat tho watcher, with her head upon her hand, r sad eyes, intensely w?koful, the pale brow before her aoanned. i lone taper, faiutly beaming, threw strange fig ures round the roi^o, ? and shadowy, grim nod ghastly, quivering, qua king. in the gloom. k she heeded not the phantoms, or the daep-voioed midnight bell, at in peals of wild diMhustuess on the startled si lence fell! tuds that wakened not the sleeper had no message forh*rear| ,rm to him was all she dreaded?else she knew not ho[ie or fear. w she bathed his throbbing temples with a soft ca ressing hand, | bis peaceful breathing told her quiet came at her command; m the hand, transparent, tossing lay becalmed within her own, ) il tho fever-vision* vanished?fled before affection's tone. w she glided round the chamber, as ou floating pinions borne, rer pausing in hor duties from the twilight till the mora? ding burning lip* with cordial, mingled with tho breath of prayer? itly pillowing on her bosom, aching temples?rost L ing there? |unconseious of her presence ? every troubled f breath fir drew tehKTPvho in her spirit, doeper than the waUjher knew. rn and wasted, nerved and tireless, sleepless as tho eye of day, re'red she about his pillow, charming many a pun* away. iely ? Nay, she was not lonely, though the world about her slept, ?ugh in grand and awful silence stars along their ?rbit? swept; ..ij^b the majesty of midnight liko a mantle o er her fell? Inigbt's calm and holy presence with her thoughts accorded woll. Illy? No! then# througed about her heralds from the realms of light, ?ding on her spirit's armor, pouring radiance on the night! r? than rest, and maro than slumber, tho renewing life they gave? f? and night*. with sleopless vigil, toiled she by an open grave. I**-watcher wore the angels, guarding him she loved so well, il her heart grow strung and stronger, rapt in love a mysterious S|iell; p unfading, trust unyielding, strength unfailing to the last? w 'he labored, watcbel. an.l waited, till the crisis V .'ir *an past* )M he smiled in rocognition on the eyo that met his own? inter Brother' " thrilling accenU, spoke the ?<>ul in every tone' J the watcher, pale and trembling, soothed and si lenced and csrcssed, i with word* of murmured music lulled her feeble charge to rest Erne. Vot the National Irk. NEW ENGLAND 8KETCHE3. .8AIKM AND HAWTUOKNK. clear, crild Th?nk*?iring day, the jolly tksgiving dinner, and in tho dusky after a walk through tho quiet Rtreets, down le mouldering wharves, in the still old city dm. itead of the great Eant lodiamen, rich with rieho* of tho Orient, heavily laden with er from Sumatra and oinnaioon from Coy iw with teas and silks from China, now, , ing but mne little coasting schooner*, ly- i aaily in the smooth harbor, or moored be the wharves, discharging their piles of m from Bangor, or tons of sea coal from m, a^d hero and there a diurnal brig, just ?d from Buenos Ayres or from the African ^ with a cargo of horns and hides. IA great equaiw man won-houses on the t ah.ivn, unee tenanted by the 8*lem mer it princes of the Revolutionary timei?tho BUS warehouses, once filled with almost lees treasures ? the gloomy street ? the strangling wharves?all fast hurrying to pla *? of the bluff sea captains, the minia Sir William Phippses of the ookmy?in the sturdy mariner*-?in place of the nabobs of the old dftyn, teoe thronged Derby street?now, no on? ?ere and there the lacy skipper of some ? smack a troupof ragged Irish children, k brawn-faced Swiss vagrant, heating out ||r tune on her tambourine. is something very gloomy, and yet Interesting, in the night of the commercial MM of this old oity of Salem. They bring ight visions nf "llfly years ago,'' when the Was rich aad prosperous, when ovwry port i Miuoisof the Indian ocean was tenanted rebtpt*, when the bluff sen captains smoked hi i pipes and drank their strong punob tavern, when the rongh sailors ir round Spanish oathe, when good Bcntley preached with holy fervor ?ernions Iteneath the sounding ttm old Kast clmreh, and when the on the Knit church steeple flrst shone Me ej o? of our grandfathers in all the jlf resplendent gilding. otic had not to eeek long nor far ie de<k?V of S ilom, after material fat _ tales. There he was, in the midst In the great brick custom-house on J street, haunted by such ghosts j I King Derby or rich Billy Wray tho dit-tanoe of a short walk from Welt, stands tho North bridge, blood of die Revolution was t' i-? the battle of Lexington, bv soldiers of Col 1.0*1 io pricking with Is the resolute 8 iloniitce, who, thn drawbridge, did not hesitate ek l>? ?;tts to prov< nt tho enemy from ih n?r s'r.Hi, There, within a rovV ftom the same dwelling, stead* tnion in which the witoh courts ' in who* rooms many a pour innocent than her judge, has DAILY NATIONAL ERA. G. BAILEY, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOK. VOL. I., WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JANUARY 2, 1854. NO. 1. been condemned to death. There, in the court house, are still fresrved some of tho inns with which the Solein witches wore sworn to havo tormented their victims, and many of the ori ginal legal proceedings against them are stilt there, torn and darkened by age. ^ ear* ago, I used oltea to make demands upon the good nature of the clerks ot the courts, by my re ueatod requests to l >ok at these qu ant docu ments, and a troop of us schoolboys often spent a holy day afternoon in poring o?er the faded yellow parchments. It u?u?t have been a grange sight to the clerk, it he ever thought of it, to ?* the bright eyed, fresh cheeked urchins de ciphering with ourioiity tho solemn reoords of their great-grandfathers' guilt; but I sadly fear that that worthy functionary s head was eel dom troubled by any thought more profound than that of getting a shilling apiece lor his signatures to legal documents of mow modern courts than those which tried the witches. A passage in we of these witch papers particu larly impressed itaelf upon my memory It wan, I think, an order from the sheriff to bis <lei?i'ity, in which he was oommauded to take one of the poor witchcn and hung her by the neck " till she be dead and buried ;" and, if I recollect aright, the deputy shoriff subjoined his testimony that he had executed tho orders of his superior. And there, too, in the upper part of the city, sharply defined against the bkv, rises, bleak and barren, tho Gallows Hilt.. In my school days I havo often wandered over it, and lam down on the turf where 1 imagined that our . ancestors execntod their victims? imagined, I j say; for no one knows the exaot spot on th?j hill where any of them were put to death. As i if by some fit dispensation of fatality, no houses havo till lately been erected on tins Gallows Hill; but it has ever stood solitary and unin- ( habited sinoe the crimes which it witnotwed almost two hundred years ago. But of late years, superstition has proved no harrier to profit, and little cottages are gradually being planted along the hillside, and will be fore long cover even the summit. What quainter subjects, then, could have employod Hawthorne's pen, than he found in ancient Salem city ! The witch-judges cham bers where the courts were held, the legal reo ords of the trials, the place of tho executions, tho bleak hill where the almost saintly George Burroughs suffered, while grim Cotton Mather rode around the scaffold, haranguing the people, and proclaiming to them that the'heroic bear ing of the prisoner only showed that the devil often transformed himself into on angel of light All tho scenery of the witoh tragedy is in Salem still. Only the actors are wanting, and their grave stones have hardly yet moul dered away. . And in the old town there are a thousand other relics of the Puritan age of New Eng land : the tangled knot of narrow, crooked streets, laid out, they say, according to thecow pathx the quaint, many-gabled houses, stock ed with stiff-backed, puritanically-agonif ng chairs, the low rooms crossed and recrossed by the heavy oaken beams of the frame work; and any quantity of furniture which not only pur ports to have been " brought over in the May flower,* but which attests, by its venerable as pect, that it did indsed come from England in norne nearly as ancient oouveyance as that la mom v<vuol. And there, beneath where now stands a -?.ay stone church, tradition says that the gentle l.ady Arabella lies, the daughter of an E*rl of Lincoln, who forsook her all in the Old World? family, friends, wealth, high sooial position?and came, among the firjt sutlers, to New England, with her husband Riohard Johnson, for the sake of religious freedom, and soon died, her tender frame unable to endure the cruel hardships of the rough settler's life? ? the tame gentle Lady Arabolla whose story Hawthorne has told in bis Grandfather s Chair. And in Salem, many dim legends of the old times still linger. Mr. Upham, in his well known Lectures on Witch.traft, speaking of the existence of traditionary tales.concerning the experiments of our ancestors in diablerie, "U is not probable that a larger number of traditions of the kind are to be faund, withiu similar limits in any part of the world, than In the county of Essex ' ,ri And he remarks, still further, that this w es pecially tho ease in the sea faring towns which Une the coast of the oonnty. But not alone logenda of feats in witchorafl Other ancient tales are still told there. I remember one, which may prove not uninteresting to the read ers of the House of the 8oven Gables Near the corner of E?ex and Book ford streets, in Salem, stood, until lately, a large square house, built *cor?rs of years ago, in vhieh it is said that a Pyn. Veon familv once lived, the head of which was named Gervaise, or Geoffrey. He had an only daughter?Alice very young, and very b-vuitiful, with whom a young phyaioiao of fch? toWD had fellM id The physician wai poor, and the father was proud and the lady was lorbidden to entertain any thoughts of her lover, and was imprisoned in her chamber, until at last she pined away and died. On the day of the funeral, her father, passing hurriedly down tb? naved Main street, met the lover, and tauntingly ask. d him, be fore the orowd, to become one of her pall-bear ere; but the answer returned by the physician wax, "That he oould not War upon his *h<.nl ders that which lay so neai his heart" It cannot be difficult to trace here, in the father, the daughter, and the I ver, H*wthorn?j Gervaya* and Alioe Pynehsnu and Matthew Maule Even the name of the lady has been preserved ; hnt over the old st >ry Ins beautiful fancy has thrown a wierd eh arm, nnd has wo ven from it a meet romantic taki. The Cvime of old Matthew Maule I recognise as suggested by the Bomuet of one of a nnm Iter of women who were hrnughi to trial for wiu'hcraft, on Juna 30 .b IflQ2 Hutchinson^ in his History of the Province of Wsasaohusetti Daw MtM * ? One of these women being told at h?r exe eution, by tho minister, Mr. Noyes, tha, he knew she was a witch, and therefore advised her to confess she replied, that he In J and thai j the was no more n mkk than he i?>? u. vizard, and if he took rttra* her hfe, <M W*hIH pie him fdood lo drink." And, in a note, ho adds: They have a tradition among thn people ot Salem, that a peculiar circumstance at tended the death of this gentleman, ho bavin; been choked with blood, which makes them m.ppoeo her, if not a witch, a Pythonissa, at leust in thie instance." , . Mr. Upham, in his lectures, from whi ti I have once already quoted, tolls sul.stant' v ly the samo story, and attributes the saym. to Sarah Good The Mr. Noycs referred to va* junior pastor of the First church at Salem -a position Milieequently occupied by Mr. I'pnan himmvir?a.nd was particularly prominent v. tho delusion. It is said of him, that lie wa very active to prevent a revulsion of the punlu mind or evon the least diminution of the ^-po lar violence again si the supposed witches^ At a later period, when tho excitement was dispelled, atid the people l*gan to see clearly their guilt and folly, jt is recorded that he Mt terly repented, and Dr. Bentley speaks or him thus: "Mr. Noyes came out and publicly confessed his error; never excused hintielf; visited, loved, blessed the survivors whom he had injured; asked forgiveness always, and consecrated the residue of his life to bless mankind." Although Hawthorne, iu his preface to the House of th'i Seven Gables, says that it was built "of materials Ions in use lor constructing castles in the air," still, I trust that I do not oommit an unpardonable offence if 1 suggest what I think may probably have been the frame work of this aerial edifice. Uncle Venner's farm-house, which would iu common parlance. I suppose, bo called the poor-house, was. it will perhaps be remembered, distinctly visible from the windows of tho Pynohoon mansion ; and when 1 first read the House of the Seven Ga bles, and noticed this faot,v I could not but think that the author must have had in his mind the thought of a most singular old house which, until lately, stood cornering on a eros-i stri-efc ut,,tly* lownr end of the city. di.-cei!y overlooking itre Salem poor-house and its farm, a bend of tho harbor flowing between. It wai a spacious mansion, with a many gabled roof, bedecked with all kinds of peaks and pin nacles, and wus a very curious specimen of the architectural ideas of our ancoatera. 1 remem ber it as gloomy, moss-covered, and dilapida te I, with all the out buildings and fences around it in a similar state of decay. It wus built by Philip Knglish, at some time in the latter half of tho seventeenth century. He was a gentleman of education and for tuna but had created some local enemies, who caused his wife to lie arrested on a charge of witch craft, in 1692. Her husband secreted himself, and many attempts were ineffectually made to disoover hiin. Being oonvinccd that he oould do nothing to save his wife, he ut last surren dered himself to the magistrates, and declared his determination to die with her. But before her trial, they mado their escape. It is eaid that the horse ou which he fled was shod with shoos reversed, in order that the tracks might deceive his puieuors. They returned to Salem afterwards, and regained possession of their properly. A few years ago, this old Knglish houne wus torn down. 1 well remember some tiles of a chimney piece in my father's house, which were taken from it, and the almost night-mare-like horror with which I used, when a boy, to regard them, as if 1 half ex pected some one of the 6even stern witch-judges to start into life again before roe. Some sixty or seventy years ago, it was occupied by a me chanic, whose stock in trade was undoubtedly moro valuable than Hepzihah's assortment of pipes and thread and Jim Crows, inasmuch as he pursued the worthy calling of a silversmith. And Hcpsibah's cent shop?there in tho city, now, is many just such an establishment; and many a Jim Crow from just such a shop, pre sided over by just such an old maid as Hepci bah, have I nibbled in my schoolboy days. There are many honses in Salem which date back to even an earlier period than Philip English's mansion. One, ia particular, which stands at the corner of Washington and Church street*, which was built at Gloucester, on Cape Ann, and then taken to piooes and brought by sea to Salem, by Roger Conant, before 1629. G oyer nor KndioJtt luelded in it for a time, and its walls must have heard many a fierce dis cussion about pope and king, and many a wise deliberation for the welfare of the infant ool ony; and if they oould speak and tell us the many secrets they are burdened with, they would disclose even more eventful sayings and Grandfather's Chair. Sinoe those "old colony days," it has pasted through very many hands, at one time being transformed into the " Ship Tavorn," at another oooupied as a shop, and then again restored to its former condition an a dwelling-house. A city in which there are so many antiqui ties must of necessity number amongst its in habitants descendants of many old families Hawthorne is himself descended from one of the most ancient of these. The family name was originally spelt Halkurnt, and a Justice Hatborne was one of the seven witch judges * Hawthorne's direot ancestors were, like thoso of most of the Salem families, soafaring men. His father, Nathaniel, whose name the author bears, and hi* grandfather, were both sea captains. During the early years of his life, I think ontil he received an appointment from Collector Bancroft in the Boston custom-house, he roxided in an aocient house in the lower Jiartof the oity, which is still standing, though, ike almost every relio which remains in Salem of the old times, fallen far into decay It is a matter of extreme rogret that some faithful and aeourate rceord has not already been madj of the quaint life in Salem half a century ago. ft was most peculiar in its ohar actor. The merchants there having, in most instances, begun their lives by sailing "bef.ro the mast," and then rising to be ship-oaptains, and gaining sufficient profsirty to onablo them to vmituro into tradn, and many at last accu mulating immen e fortunes, were naturally moulded by their n*igh lives into bard and nnpolished forms. Thero were all kinds of oddities among them. There was hardly one of them who did not have his peculiar eccen tricity. But they have almost all gone Here and there one lingers still telling his stories of privateering in the English war, and of the East India trade. During Administration after Administration, the custom house, the same great brick build ing with whioh Hawthorne has mado every one feel so well acquainted, was tho rendezvous to all the f ray-headed old sea captains who wero left. And thero they nsed to sit day after day, as Hawthorne describes them, "asleep in their accustomed corners, with their ohairs tilted back against the wall,'' or " chatting in tha batik entry, a row of them all tip|>ed against the wall, as usual; while the frozen witticisms of past generations were thawed out, and came bubbling with laughter from their lips." But oven the drowsy officials of the Salem oustom-honse have been aromed from their slutnliers: for when the Democratic end of the soo-saw tilted up into tho White House, most of them slid off the other end out of office. The sturdy old collector, the gallant General Of the Knglish war, haslieen laid away beneath the turf these twoycats past. The stout florid cheeked inspector, the " wonderful specimen of winter-green,' has eaten his last dinner, and gone with tho collector ; and the jnnior clerk, that "young gentleman who. it was whimpered, occasionally Covered a sheet of Uncle Sam's letter paper with what (at the distanoe of a few yards) looked very much like poetry," now scribbles his ditties on paper of his own. A new rtgimt has boon intrc dnced. Kven the decay ing building itsolf has l<eeii brightened in ap penranoe by the addition of a few coats of ? Tn Hntahinson* History, however, an edition of whioh, put.linhc.l in 17A8, I have before me, Ma name was Spelt like the author's, Hawthorns. Bnt sineo sritinif the above, I havo boon shown peroral sifllfl ' sros of his. in which hi* name is spelt without the w. ' *? was an anesstor of the aathor, sn<i is moattonsil ik him in tho Intrndaetioft tn the flearlet Letter deeds than are recorded paint, and Democratic nxtravagftnoe is to be oarried to such an extant, they say, as to gild the weather-beaten eagl?over fcho portico It is rumored that it win once painted white; but that mn-t have bt*u long ago, for the rains ami snows of almost hr?? If a century have made its head even more ba|d than the wood carver who sculptured it ever Jesigned. And Hawthorne baa Mi his former home, too. apparently forever Bat I brieve that, with all ita faults, Salem is a <Je=.r old city still to him, and that he will return to it ''gain, if not from love, from instinct Ae he himself has said of the tenacity with whe!i the descendant of one of the old Pilgrim families, who settled there, olings to the soil o' the ancient town? " It is no matter that he place it* joyless for him; that he is w^air of the old wooden houses, the mud and du t, the dead level of site and sentiment, the chi * t.<t*t wind, and the chilliest < f a cial atm< -. Uere? all IImm, and whatever faults < he ?? st. ur imagine, are nothing to the VanpMtJ The survi**, aud jiint M .w m fully uh ii natal spOTW^re an earthly Paradiilfc*^'" And applying this to himself, he has said? '? So has it been in tuy oase I felt it almost as a duhtiuy to make Salem my home; so that the mould of features and cast of coaractor which had all along been familUr her <?ever as ona icpre*ent>iti\n of the race lay d>wn in bis grave, another attuning, a* it wkre, his sentry march along the main street?flight still in my little day be seen and recognised in the old town." THE SLAVE QUKSIIOH REMARKS OP MR. PRESTON, OF KENTUCKY, Delivered in the Ho. of Rtpt , Dee. 20, 1853. The House being iii Committee of the WhoU on the President's Message, Mr. Gerrit Smith addressed the Committee. Having concluded? * Mr. PKESTON said: I have listened, Mr Chairman, not without a oertain degrco of interest, to the gentleman lrorn New York [Mr. Smith J who has jut* addres-ed the Committee, and I now desiro it* indulgence for a brief response, though nothing could have been further from my intention* than the de-sign of offering any remarks to-day i in relation to any subject that engages the ! legislative attention. 1 Living, as I do, in a Slate recognising Slavery, and hrmly couvinced, agj am, of the propriety ol protecting our property jQ slave*, yet I do not de*iro to reply in any intolerant spirit to the views wbiuh have been advanced by the gentleman from New York. 1 feel con scious that tho great and wine men who ushered our Government unto existence, and laid its foundations deep in truth aud justioe, were not inferior in religiou or philanthropy to those who assail the rights of the Southern members of the Confederacy, assail their institutions, and decry their people. And although I may feel with a strength of conviction that my language cannot adequately express, the injustice of as sailing those rights, yet it is far from me to desire to evade or strangle discussion by de nunciation or violence 1 trust to the power of truth to show that the men of the Sooth are not the representative* of u people enduring the odious tyranny that the-en tie man asserts; that they are not men tolerating and fostering a wrong against every dictate of humanity and juetioe, but entertaining far wiser and more practical views than those misguided enthu siasts who would shake to its centro a Govern ment planned by patriots and statesmen, and cemeoted by the public prosperity. Enthusiasm, fir, is resfieotable, even in error. It is attractive when clothed in the fullness of appropriate language, and marked hy ehquent delivery ; but this should not blind us to the pernioioos sentiments contained in the remarks we have heard. The gentleman from New Vork has sought to institute a parallel between the principle*of Abolition and those contained in the letter of the Secretary of State to the Chevalier Hulsemann, in relation to the sur render of Martin Kossta. To institute a com pariann which would unite principles so dissim ilar, would lie to create a monster in the polit i(^l world more deformed than the Siamese twins in the physioal world The sum of the doctrine in the Kowtia letter, as asserted by the American Secretary, is, that Martin Koezta, having taken the initiatory steps to become a citiien of the United States, and having filed his declaration of intention in oar courts, became clothed with such a nationality thftt, having gooe into the oity of Smyrna, in the peaceful pursuit <.f business or of pleasure, that be was still under the protecting power of the Amerioan flag, and bey.?d recapture by the power of Austria. But, let me ask the gentleman, if a treaty had existed between Austria and the Government of the United State*, by which the solemn faith of the Amer icn Government wore pledged to restore such refugees, as wo stipulate for the extradition of felons with Great Britain, under the Ashhurton tr"*'y, whether, without a violation of faith, we could have refused to surrender the fugi tive? There can be but oue solution to tne question. Yet, have not the States of the American Union something more solemn and moro obligatory than a mere troaty tn oompel the oxtrndition of fugitive slaves: something more than a compact, as Webster expounded it in his memorable reply to H*yne; some thing tnoro soleoiu and mors binding than treaty or compact?the very Constitution itself upon which our Government exist-* * A ??v "reign can recede from a treaty or a compact, and no tribunal on earth but itself o.?n judge it; but in our Constitution?the most solemn form of obligation that society kqows?a tribu nal, tho Supreme Cisirt. is established to assist in the enforcement of the rights of ths people composing the Confederacy. This Const.tu tion. solemnly ratified, guaranties to tho slave holding States the protection of their property, and the extradition of fugitive slaves, when they escape into sister States where the insti tution is not recognised. Shall tho?e solemn promises be fulfilled '?or shall tho pseudo philanthropist, with the Bible in his hand?the Bible upon which the founders of our Govern ment, and the two hundred and thirty-eight gentlemen here assembled, were sworn to sup port the Constitution?invoke our body to dis regaril its preoept, and commit meditated per j'iry by violating it* provisions? Yet such is 'ha morality that fanatic:*] enthusiasm pro poses. The logic of the Secretary of State has been availed, ii|>on the ground that he has chos-n to place an unwarranted limitation upon the Divine injunction, that you should "do ante others as you would they should do unto you Jet I would ask of tho gentleman who ha* so eenly cvitioised the expression, if it is not a plain matter to an unsophisticated mind, that we should fulfil the pri raises that we make to others 1 And if, under this |*iuoiplo, the peo ple of the North ate not to .rally Isiund to fulfill their promises to their Southern breth ren 1 , The eorrespond-m e in relation to the seitore of Koezta ik?es Imnor L> tne Admmistvatiou and i the Government; hut while the Seoretary huh tained his views with great ability, / trust I may be pardoned the digression, if I remark that, id my opinioo, the acts of C ogress in re lation (o naturalization wtill further fortified his portion Our whole theory of the right of expa triation id in conflict with the English, and, I bolieve, the general European law, which maintains that u subject has no power to divest himsell of the allowance due to the Government under whose jurisdiction ho in born. It is clear that if Ki?ata had received his final letter of naturalization, that, according to our theory, it' waa undoubtedly our duty to protect him. Until the year f 848, our naturalisation lawn required an alien to reside in the United States continuously for five yearn before the final let ters wero granted. Any non-residence or ab sence Irom our jurisdiction vitiated his rights. In 1848, an aet was paused by Congress, per mitting the time to be computed during the absuuce of the alien, which, by implication, authorized him to go during the period of his acquiring citizenship This act, a* I conceive, gavo full authority to Ko?ta to visit ; and the United States were iih much Ixjund to afford h'.m the protection of our Gov ernment, uh they would have been to an alien lully naturalised, or to a native citizen. The gentleman from New York, Mr. Chair man, has not only criticised the letter of the Secretary, but has chosen to muko this the occasion for a general denunciation of the in stitution of slavery in the Southern States. I know, sir, that the subject is trite and ex hausted, but I feel unwilling that the remarks winch he has uttered should pass without Borne reply. 1 The Southern States, since their earliest co T'aLh,8tory> 1,avo bH'n peopled hy two races, of different coljtr and of different civilisation vve hold thein in bondage hecauBo we are un willing to amalgamate with them, end desire to keep cur Pen tonic blood pure and uneor ruptou l?y any bnner admixture/ because we preter that their untutored labor should be directed by the superior intelligence of our race to useful industry, rather than that they should be freed from all wholesome restraint, and left without coercion to r.ollute our blood and destroy our progress. Ft is not within our comprehension to divine the cause which hus made the Ruler of Nations establish this order ol things. The, wihdotn of man cannot foresee or pene trate the means by which the civil'z<ition of nations is directed by Htm. We see ourselves surrounded by three millions of tho African raoe, who, under tho dominion of the white race, has, in two huudred vears, made greater advances in religion and civilization than they have made in four thousand years in their ab original condition. If, at this hour, the angel of death were to breathe upon the face of our people as it did upon the hosts of Sennacho nb, the surviving black race would exhibit a picture of civilization more remarkable than auy that Africa has ever exhibited. But the African is not the only raoe which has been subject to Slavery, bight hundred years ninoe, our boasted Saxon ancestors endured a slavery as abjcct as that of the Southern negro. Thu history of all savage races who have attained the blessings of civilization, show that they lit?ve marched to Freedom through the portals of Slavery. Where two races of widely differ ent civilisation exiftt ^tn'^elbei, the superior ex terminate or enslave the inferior. The indo cility of the Indian will cause him to be swept from the face of the earth. Slavery seems to ! he the price that ignorance pays to intelligence lor its tuition in the art* of civilization. Nothing can be more disastrous lo a State than the premature enfranchisement of an enslaved raoe. They gangrene upon tke face of its sooiety, until it jieriehes under thfe sfflic tion. It is a historical fact, and worthy of note that the first Abolitionist was the first jser son who introduced African Slavery upnn the shores of America. Las Casa?, the Bishop of I Chiapns, after Cortrz conquered Mexico, felt 1 the dt<e(?st oompaseion for tho ludians who wore allotted ns slaves to hi i Spanish adventur ers. He petitioned tho King of Spain, that these Indian riaves should be enfranchised. and that the more robust and hardy negroes of tho African coast should be imported His prayer was granted, and it is to him tho thraldom of the African in America is to be first attributed The misfortunes of Mexico at this hour are, in my opinion, attributable in a great measure to the indiscreet philanthropy of Las Casts. The barriers which *cparnte<l the races were oast down, tho Castilian blood no longer ran pure ami unpolluted in the veins of the pen pie. The great preponderating Mestizo, or mixed race, was engendered ; and he who will I walk through the streets of Mexioo, will see all the horrid results of a debased amalgamated 'ace, a* he sees the Mexican of pure SpMiinh descent s(urn from him with his foot, a* he would s??ne beast, the loathsome Mtztizo that obstructs the way. Hut let me turn for a moment from.a consid eration of this picture, ard a?k if our foref*. thers had framed the wise and lieneficent Gov ern mm t we enjoy, if to-morrow the Ohio were the military lino of demarcation lietwcen the North and Smth, as the Rhine between Ger many and (ram a, if forts were erected, cus tom house* established, and armies posted?il union were proposed to remedy all these evils, would it be accented ? If we were assembled as delegates, and the South were to demand the same terms our Constatut'on guaranties, and the regulation of our own domestic in?ti^ to'ions, can wo for a moment doubt that, alter all the benefits we hare experienced, the North would not be willing and anxious to accede to itw provisions ? Or would wo of the South? forgetful of tho gallant spirit of our forefathers who planted the Southern Colonies, and whose descendants, surmounting the cresti of the Al leghanies, hire civilization nnd religion into the primeval forests of the Woet, until they were borne over Kentucky and Missouri, even to tho golden shores of C tlifornia?prove rec reant to the glorious memories of the past, and Huhmit to dishonorable dictation ? I respect tho generosity of emotion that seems to move the gentleman from New York decisively as I diffor from every sentiment he utters; but I must say, that the'abolition of African Slavery, and ite agitation, are fraught only with the moil pernicious consequences to our common oountry. I live in a State in which the institution of Slavery exists, in whioh we have stood by our Southern brethren, and will stand by them in the defence of onr rights; and that, if Slavery l?e not perpetual, the hand of Time will do more for tho oaosa than the misdirected efforts of philanthropy or f intticism. Wo may aptly say, when we flint to the ameliorations wrought already hy ime in the condition of our slaves, 'Tiiriifl, <|iioii opt witi DivOni premittere nnmo Anderet, volvend* dies en attutil nitre." I trust, Mr (Chairman, that this topic may no longer he the subject of agitation ? f?r 'l fed adored that if it is o<N)tinu. d it will over whelm the institutions we have inherited from onr wise and nttriotie ancestors in irretrieva ble ruin. OKOHflK W. JULIAN, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, CentreviUt, Indiana, WILL attend to tbo securing and collecting of claims, and all other busiuess intrusted to bin care, in tbo counties of Way no. Randolph, lk-nry. Union, and Fayotto, and in tba Supreme mid Federal CourtH at Indianapolis. Doc 22. DNOHy, TKITrn, VhlUU, AND Diseases of tbo Gfnital Organs, removed in ux an incredibly abort timo. Invalid/) afflicted with the above complaint* can be ttuccetisfully treated at No. Broadway, botwoen Second and Third strootd, eiud Hide. Office hours from ten to twelve o'clock Drs. WHITTEMORK and STOCK WELL, Don. 22. Cincinnati, Ohio. ?IO*KY HKK KKKD. ANV person who will send his address, and one dollar, in an envelope, postpaid, to E JORDAN, Newbury, Vermont, shall have sent Him by mail, punt paid, in return, a paper informing him? 1st, how tu make four qualities of feed for bees, costing from 3 to ?? cunts per lb., froin which Rood honey id' pro duced; 2d, giving information how to use the ford with any common hive, with drawers; 3d, giving in formation bow to prevent lighting and robning while in tbo procox* of feeding Knowing that multitudes are desiroaa to obtain the above information, and that it is more than an equivalent for the dollar asked, no apology is needed for this notica. Please sond a gold dollar, or a current bill on some New England bank, when possible. Nov. 17. E JORDAN. THE M K VV % OK H nUIICAli HKVIr M AND CHORAL AIIVIUJATK IS the cheapest and beat Musical Paper in the world. ThiB Journal, whioh has heretofore been publishod monthly, commenccs its fifth year in Jan uary next, and tboncoforward it will be published every two weeks- on every other Thursday ; thoreby giving more than twice as much matter, without any increase in price. Each number contains sixteen quarto paged, tour of whioh are new musio, consist ing of glues, hymn tunes, chants, anthems, dedication aud holyday pieces, and, in short, every variety of musio adapted to purposes of religious worship, to public occasions, and to the homo circle; all of which will bo of a practical character, and such as oan he sung by persona of ordinary musical attainments. In tho editorial department of the Review aro engagod (in addition to Mr Cady, the former editor) gentle men of tho highest talent and ripost musical experi ence, among whom aro George F. Root, William B. Bradbury, Thomas Hastings, and Lowell Mason; and its circle of correspondence, home and foroign, is coinpluto. The Reviow will also be a regular me dium for the announcement of new musical publica tions by all the loading publishing houses in the Union. Tho subscription list of this paper is now larger than that of any similar journal in tbo world, and the new arrangements, rondoring it the cheapest as well us (it is hopod) the most valuable musical pap?<r ever publishod, must largely increase its al ready unparalleled circulation. Ttr-mt.? One dollar per annum, or six oopies for Gve dollars, always in advance. Qy The music alone in a volume would cost over five dollars in the usual form. Beside this, thero will be an immense amount of musical news, essays, crit icism, instruction, Ac., all for only one dollar! Ev ery one fooling a particle of interest in tho cause of music will surely subscribe. Specimen numbors sont on receipt of two lott?r postage stami*. Address, always post paid, M ASON BROTHERS, Dec. 22. 23 Park Row, New York. ?. M. PKTTKNUIIX k CO., NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING AGENTS, ARl the agent* for the NiUumal Era, and are autnor ited to reoeive advertisements and subscriptions foi as at the lowest rates. Their receipts are regarded a? payments. Their offices are at New York, 122 Nas sau street Vnntnn. 1# Slat# stroet June 24 iiimLoii THE TIME HAS COMB, and he that has energy and ability can reap a rich reward. A safe way to mako money. The following Receipt*, with full directions for the manufacture, for only one dollar: 1st. A superior Black Ink, that will cost only fire cents per gallon. 2d. A superior transparent Soap for shaving. Sd. A wator proof Blocking, excellent for leather 4th. Washing Liquid. 5th. Burning Fluid. Either of the above will pay very large profits. Ath. An article warranted to restoro colors, whothr er taken oat by acids or the sub. These Receipts will bo sunt to any one who will enclose one dollar, post paid, to the subscribor. All the articles for tho preparation of the above Receipts can be obtained at drug stores generally. I havo sold single receipts of tho above for $30. Dec 22. M. E. DOW. Manchester. N. H. *r >,! ANtl? AilAftlA.VflM. I.AMU,f>, A Ml I.AH n on LARD OIL of the finest quality, in rood shlpplnj order. Htar and Adamontine Candle*, Jut wnight, IB ounces to the pound. These candle* art excellent for all rliinttir' especially California, lira ail, the Ka*t and Went Indies, and A Wo a Order* fb< any quantity executed promptly. THOM AH KM KEY, Lard Oil and Star MareH 14. Candle Manufacturer. CNweienatl.O I MttHK. DANIEL R. ilOODLOE, Attorney and Coanssllo \ at Law, offers hi* terrier* to the Public a* ai Agent for Pension, Bounty Land, and other Claim' j np<>n the Federal Government. July T ft ft. W11.M AM*, Atternry ?wl Ceua?eller at Law, Waikl*|i*n (1lj PRACTICES in the Court* of the District of Cc lumhia, and before the Department* of the Got eminent Office over Banking House o( Selden, Witb ear. k Co Jane Sn?-If CALVKRI.fr Y ? MOIJin, MANUFACTURERS and Importers of Rritann'o Ware. Tea and Coinmnnion Set*, Ice Pit<-her?, Ac.. Mo. IA9 Race or Sassiit'ra* street, above Third, opposite the White Swan. Philadolpn.a Doe. I ?Am MTTKLL'S LlVl.lii AliK-KM. A btauiiful Engrmmmf in each Number. THE LIVINO AGE has heen abundantly honored hy the approbation of the best jndfrs, it ha* been pronounced to be soand and vigorous: various and entertaining; full of spirit and life; uniting th? qqalities which gratify tho scholar, the philoeophor. i and the man of hnsines*. with those which recom mend it to their wive* and children. We *hall now endeavor to add to thcee intiinMC excellence* th? greater attraction* of Art, and, beginning with 1854. j Kvery Number vill contain an Imprtuitm frtm a beautiful Strrl Plait The 51 Plates a year will alone be worth the pries of subscription. This work is made op of the elaborate and stately eaaays of the lidmburgh, <?)??>/. 'ty, and other lie view*; and filitfl HHtml ? noble criticism* on pootry his keen political commentaries, highly wrought teles, and vivid descriptions of raral and mountain scenery; and the centi ibntions to literature, history, j and common life, by the sagacious Sprrtaior, the sparkling Erammf, the juoicioas Athrmrvm, th? busy and industrious Ijitrrarp (luzr'tr, the son?iblt and comprehensive Hrttatiaui, the sober and respect able CkrufHin Ofwsvsr; these are intermixed witti the military and naval retnioisconce* of the Vttttm Srrtn*t, and with the best artielrsof the Dublin Um- j tvrwVy, Nfw Monthly, Fratn'*, Toil'*,A ? >iitrerth't i Ifmni't, an.I Spirting Mararinn, and of ChtmUr* admirable Journal. Wo do not consider it beneath our dignity to borrow wit and wisdom from P?neh ; j and. when we tliink it good enough, maka use of the thunder of Thr Tim**. Wo shall increase oar rnri ; ety hy importations from tho continent of Europe, J and from the new growth of the British colonies. THE LIT I If (I AO K i? published every Saturday, ! by LITTKI.L, SON, A COMPANY, corner of Tre mont and Bromflekl streets, Boston. Price l)j centr a number, or six dollar* a year in advance. Meruit lances for aay period will be thankfully received and promptly attended to. POSTAGE FREE. We will send the Living At??. postage free, to all subscribers within tl>o United Stutcs who remit In advance, directly to the office of publication, the sum of six dollar*; thn* placing oar distant snhecriber* on the same footing a* those nearer to us, and makinp the whole onunUy our neighborhood. Dec 1 LITTKLL, SON, A CO, Boston. JOHN f itl.Vltlll.IV, * | ANUFACTt RER of C andle Moulds, No 10? ill. Race (Sassafras) street, shore Third, opposite J the White Swan Hotel. Philadelphia fW T12M> of WKEKLY Sll Single copT - - -$3 Ten copies - - ? .$1? Three copies ... 5 Si?g?e copy fix months 1 Five copies . - B Ten copies six months ? . Paj went in advance u uuiformly required. R.ita* t>f A'/vtrtiuMg.?Ten cent* u lint for the first insertion, five cent* a iliio for,oacb subsequent one. Money to be forwarded b^ mail at onr risk Large amounts may bo remitted in drafU or certificates i f deposit*. When money is sent, notes on the bank* .4 Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, am iiioforred. New England note* are >t Uss discount than New York State notes, and these less than Western notes. ? All communications to the Em. whether on busi. neaa of the paper or for publication, abould be ad dressed to G BAILEY, 1? mdumgtu*, I) ('. WMAKVILI.KHriKM 1RV AMI WATKi CUM. THIS Institution has been in suoco.-sful operation three years, and ita proprietor, bavin# devoti 1 tweuty-ftve yeara to the maua^euient of the rick, is nt,w enabled to judiciously select, and skillfully np dIv euib curative agencies as are bett adapt )d to eJ.'h caw. Female diseases in ull tbeir f..rm* re oeive particular attention ; and tboae even who bivo been confined to their beda from one to twenty yehi with spinal, ntcrine, or anomalous disease, are as^i r ed that there ia atill hope for them We especially invite such to correspond with us, as unrivalled sue cess ha* j'iven us confidence ol their curability. D? raiiireiueiit of the nervous system, liver, niid digej-tivo oruans, are generally relieved. Terms, from $? to $12 per week, accordiny U> helplessness or the amount of nare required. Address W. W. BANCROFT, M. P., Doc. 2V. QranvUle, Licking co., Ohio CiJK.V I. LA ISO WATKK ?.l UK. MIAUL:kM MKHT. T1IE above Establishment continues in successful operation during <he winter as wi ll as summer, The number of patients treated at the Establishment has been on the increase from year to yeai, lor t: ?? pant six years, until the last season, when the wandf. of tho public far oiceedod our power lo roinu."dale them. The increasing rapidity and pro portion of cures, from year to year, induces tbo sub -acriber to believe that his enlarged experience and opportunities for treatment give facilities to tha inva lid rarely equalled. Diseases peculiar to females are treated with a suc cess and ru/nrlitq of cure believed to be surpassed by none. | Dec. 8.] T. T SEELYE. M. D. f.VShJ tK-KN'H NIM UlK'lt *4?K I I* fcl H<'IH l>?V?. 20,000 ordered in Advance of Publication Will be ready *1 oil.lay, Dec flth LITTLE FERNS FOR FANNY'S LITTLE FRIENDS. By the author of "Fern Leaves. Ono elogant lfimo, 300 pagos ; six Illustrations Price 75 cents. The same, gilt edge, $1. Copies sent by mail, post paid, on receipt of price. Published by ? DERBY A MILLER, Auburn. If. Y. DERBY, ORTON, A MULLIGAN, Buffalo. For sale by all Booksellers throughout the United States and Canadas. Des.^?3t OKU. \V. NKWCOMH, Attorney a>ul Counsellor at Law, Chicago, lit ILL pay particular attention to collecting busi ness in Chicago and vicinity. Uc.t. af>- _ Pl'BLI <lt riHS' A1HUUS' ??>' KM*! W ELEVENTH VOLUME OF THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, Tilt LKADINO Weekly Agricultural Pnpi r of the Country THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, a weekly Peiiodical ot sixteen large quarto pages, making an auuual volume of B.'IU pages ofv nearly double the si:o of those in tho first ten volumes of the Agricul turist. It is beautifully printed with type cast expressly for it, and on tho boot of clour white paper, with wide margin, so that tho numbers ran be oasily stitebfd or bound together. A copious Index is weekly added, which will i>e fully amplified at tho end of the year, for tho bound work. . Comprehensive in its ( fiaracter, Each volume will contain all matter worth record ing, which transpires either at home or abroad, and which can sorve to instruct or interest the Farmer, the Planter, the Fruit-Grower, the Gardener, and the Stock Breeder; thns making R the most com plete and useful Agricultural Publication of the day. Correct and valuable Market Report?. The Markcta will be carefully reported, giving the actual transactions which Uke place from week to woek lu Grain, Provision* Cattle. Ac.; thus leav ing our readers constantly and reliably ad vie* J a* to their interests. During the past year, tho knowledge obtained from thews Market Report* alone has saved our readers thousands of dollars, by informing tbem of the best time to sell or purchase. ^ ? Suck a Paper in dtmatidtd by the Farming Community. The publishers confidently believe that the agri cultures of this eountry are joining too much awake to tho demands of their own calling to be longer satisfied with the slow monthly issues ol a r? nor professedly dovotod to their interests, or to tnwl ! alone to the irresponsible extrscts in * column. ' so popular just now in papers chiefiy 'levo tod to business, politios, or hte.ature and they look for the united support of all the intelligent former* I of this country in their continued effort to furnish a | weekly pa|?r of a high and reliable character, which shall be progressive, and at the same timo cautious and conservative id mi it* teaching.". Essentially an Agricultural Paper. The A^rtcvlluritt will not depart from its legiti mate *pborc to e?tch popular favor hy lumbering up it* pages, with the rilly. fictitious literature, ?nl light, iniacollaneou* mallei ot tbo day; It baa a high er aim, and a small part only of Ma (pare will ho devoted to matter* not immeuiaU I v pertaining to the great huaineaa of Agriculture. The household we well a? the oat-door work of the fane will rcctiie a dne share of attention. The hHisbap and nostrum* afloat in the community will he tried by reliable sci entifl>' relet, and their worthlessnee* exposed. It ia the aim of the publishers to keep tiiia paper und< r the guidance of thoae who will make it a >tandard work, which ahall communicate to ita readere only that which ia safe and reliable. An Indtpendtnl Jo**n al. The American Agnnthnriet stands upon ita own merits: and the truttifalneM. real, aad aV i'itj, which it hrings to the rapport ot the intereeta of tba farmer. It ia nntrammeled hy any collateral huai ners connections whatever; nor ?it the organ of any clique, or tbo puffing machine of any man or thing. Thoroughly independent in all points, Ita ample pa gea are studiously given aJot.c to the support and im provement of the great agricultural cla-?. Editorial Dipcrlmcnt. The America* A/rrtcnllntt?l ia under theeditoiial supervision of Mr A H Allen, ita principal editor for the past ten years, and Mr Orange Judd, A.M. a thoroughly practical farmer and agrieultnt-l chemist They will be assisted by Prof. Xash. alio ha* been for a long time one of the moat *uece*>fnl farmera of New England, ami ia now Agricultural Profaaaor i f Amherst College; Rev. W no Clift, widely known a? a pleasing and instructive writer on gardening a*d other departinenta of pract cal agriculture, and, in addition to thtM, a number ot other eminent agri cultural writer*. All the editor* are mc>n pra^tienlly experience.! in their profession, each of whom can bnndle the Pkiw at well aa the Pen. Tkf Cheapest Paper in tke country, of iU tkar ncler. The American Agriculturist l? supplied to regelnr subscriber* at aeost of leas thar. four cent* a nutnl.fr, of sixteen large page*, and to large elubs for 1??< than two ami a half conta. Each number will contain suggestions far the treatment of mils, manues. crop , stock, A?, which will often he worth to the reaa?-r more than the coat of the paper f- r a yoa? Specimen Cupid. Specimen copies will He forwarded, gratis, to any one vending their name and post office aJdretx to the pnbliahera TcKMt, Ac ?The paper will lie promptly issued on Wednesday of each week, and mailed to swhsoribers on th? following liWral term* To tingle subscribers, at f2 a year? % J. To elubs of three subscribi rt, at $l.H7 a year? f 11? clubs of Bee subscribers, at #1 M a year?fK. To cluhs often subscribers, at $1 60 a rear? $ IS. To clubs of tweutv subacribera, at t1-? ? je*t? r The money alwsys to a A otvpany the Mines for which the paper it ordered. The r .*troaster or other person sending a club of ten will be entitled to <>ne extra oopy gratis. The Postmnetvr or other person penning a olub of twenty or more, will be presented with an extra oow> and also a copy of the National Magaiine. Bcientifni Aioertcan, * eeklv Tribune, or Weekly Time*, or any other paper or periodical In this city, not costing or ?r tw<> dollars per annum. Subscriptions may be fiirwsrdr.l bwmsil, at th? . ?' the publishers if m I uulJBAU'.i in t presence of the Postmastor 1X7* Commuaieaiio lir. M-ed to the edl