Daily national era. [volume], January 02, 1854, Image 1

About Daily national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1854

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WASHINGTON, D. C.
jy- No writer can be more welcome to our
[umtM than the author of the following ex
wile pj. m.? Ed. Era.
i 1
for the Nttional Kra.
THE WATCHES.
irn and woary sat tho watcher, with her head upon
her hand,
r sad eyes, intensely w?koful, the pale brow before
her aoanned.
i lone taper, faiutly beaming, threw strange fig
ures round the roi^o,
? and shadowy, grim nod ghastly, quivering, qua
king. in the gloom.
k she heeded not the phantoms, or the daep-voioed
midnight bell,
at in peals of wild diMhustuess on the startled si
lence fell!
tuds that wakened not the sleeper had no message
forh*rear|
,rm to him was all she dreaded?else she knew not
ho[ie or fear.
w she bathed his throbbing temples with a soft ca
ressing hand,
| bis peaceful breathing told her quiet came at her
command;
m the hand, transparent, tossing lay becalmed
within her own, )
il tho fever-vision* vanished?fled before affection's
tone.
w she glided round the chamber, as ou floating
pinions borne,
rer pausing in hor duties from the twilight till the
mora?
ding burning lip* with cordial, mingled with tho
breath of prayer?
itly pillowing on her bosom, aching temples?rost
L ing there?
|unconseious of her presence ? every troubled
f breath fir drew
tehKTPvho in her spirit, doeper than the waUjher
knew.
rn and wasted, nerved and tireless, sleepless as tho
eye of day,
re'red she about his pillow, charming many a pun*
away.
iely ? Nay, she was not lonely, though the world
about her slept,
?ugh in grand and awful silence stars along their
?rbit? swept;
..ij^b the majesty of midnight liko a mantle o er
her fell?
Inigbt's calm and holy presence with her thoughts
accorded woll.
Illy? No! then# througed about her heralds from
the realms of light,
?ding on her spirit's armor, pouring radiance on
the night!
r? than rest, and maro than slumber, tho renewing
life they gave?
f? and night*. with sleopless vigil, toiled she by an
open grave.
I**-watcher wore the angels, guarding him she
loved so well,
il her heart grow strung and stronger, rapt in love a
mysterious S|iell;
p unfading, trust unyielding, strength unfailing to
the last?
w 'he labored, watcbel. an.l waited, till the crisis
V .'ir *an past*
)M he smiled in rocognition on the eyo that met
his own?
inter Brother' " thrilling accenU, spoke the
?<>ul in every tone'
J the watcher, pale and trembling, soothed and si
lenced and csrcssed,
i with word* of murmured music lulled her feeble
charge to rest
Erne.
Vot the National Irk.
NEW ENGLAND 8KETCHE3.
.8AIKM AND HAWTUOKNK.
clear, crild Th?nk*?iring day, the jolly
tksgiving dinner, and in tho dusky after
a walk through tho quiet Rtreets, down
le mouldering wharves, in the still old city
dm.
itead of the great Eant lodiamen, rich with
rieho* of tho Orient, heavily laden with
er from Sumatra and oinnaioon from Coy
iw with teas and silks from China, now, ,
ing but mne little coasting schooner*, ly- i
aaily in the smooth harbor, or moored be
the wharves, discharging their piles of
m from Bangor, or tons of sea coal from
m, a^d hero and there a diurnal brig, just
?d from Buenos Ayres or from the African
^ with a cargo of horns and hides.
IA great equaiw man won-houses on the
t ah.ivn, unee tenanted by the 8*lem mer
it princes of the Revolutionary timei?tho
BUS warehouses, once filled with almost
lees treasures ? the gloomy street ? the
strangling wharves?all fast hurrying to
pla *? of the bluff sea captains, the minia
Sir William Phippses of the ookmy?in
the sturdy mariner*-?in place of the
nabobs of the old dftyn,
teoe thronged Derby street?now, no on?
?ere and there the lacy skipper of some
? smack a troupof ragged Irish children,
k brawn-faced Swiss vagrant, heating out
||r tune on her tambourine.
is something very gloomy, and yet
Interesting, in the night of the commercial
MM of this old oity of Salem. They bring
ight visions nf "llfly years ago,'' when the
Was rich aad prosperous, when ovwry port
i Miuoisof the Indian ocean was tenanted
rebtpt*, when the bluff sen captains smoked
hi i pipes and drank their strong punob
tavern, when the rongh sailors
ir round Spanish oathe, when good
Bcntley preached with holy fervor
?ernions Iteneath the sounding
ttm old Kast clmreh, and when the
on the Knit church steeple flrst shone
Me ej o? of our grandfathers in all the
jlf resplendent gilding.
otic had not to eeek long nor far
ie de<k?V of S ilom, after material fat
_ tales. There he was, in the midst
In the great brick custom-house on
J street, haunted by such ghosts j
I King Derby or rich Billy Wray
tho dit-tanoe of a short walk from
Welt, stands tho North bridge,
blood of die Revolution was
t' i-? the battle of Lexington, bv
soldiers of Col 1.0*1 io pricking with
Is the resolute 8 iloniitce, who,
thn drawbridge, did not hesitate
ek l>? ?;tts to prov< nt tho enemy from
ih n?r s'r.Hi, There, within a
rovV ftom the same dwelling, stead*
tnion in which the witoh courts
' in who* rooms many a pour
innocent than her judge, has
DAILY NATIONAL ERA.
G. BAILEY, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOK.
VOL. I., WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JANUARY 2, 1854. NO. 1.
been condemned to death. There, in the court
house, are still fresrved some of tho inns with
which the Solein witches wore sworn to havo
tormented their victims, and many of the ori
ginal legal proceedings against them are stilt
there, torn and darkened by age. ^ ear* ago,
I used oltea to make demands upon the good
nature of the clerks ot the courts, by my re
ueatod requests to l >ok at these qu ant docu
ments, and a troop of us schoolboys often spent
a holy day afternoon in poring o?er the faded
yellow parchments. It u?u?t have been a grange
sight to the clerk, it he ever thought of it, to
?* the bright eyed, fresh cheeked urchins de
ciphering with ourioiity tho solemn reoords of
their great-grandfathers' guilt; but I sadly fear
that that worthy functionary s head was eel
dom troubled by any thought more profound
than that of getting a shilling apiece lor his
signatures to legal documents of mow modern
courts than those which tried the witches. A
passage in we of these witch papers particu
larly impressed itaelf upon my memory It
wan, I think, an order from the sheriff to bis
<lei?i'ity, in which he was oommauded to take
one of the poor witchcn and hung her by the
neck " till she be dead and buried ;" and, if I
recollect aright, the deputy shoriff subjoined
his testimony that he had executed tho orders
of his superior.
And there, too, in the upper part of the city,
sharply defined against the bkv, rises, bleak
and barren, tho Gallows Hilt.. In my school
days I havo often wandered over it, and lam
down on the turf where 1 imagined that our .
ancestors execntod their victims? imagined, I j
say; for no one knows the exaot spot on th?j
hill where any of them were put to death. As i
if by some fit dispensation of fatality, no houses
havo till lately been erected on tins Gallows
Hill; but it has ever stood solitary and unin- (
habited sinoe the crimes which it witnotwed
almost two hundred years ago. But of late
years, superstition has proved no harrier to
profit, and little cottages are gradually being
planted along the hillside, and will be fore long
cover even the summit.
What quainter subjects, then, could have
employod Hawthorne's pen, than he found in
ancient Salem city ! The witch-judges cham
bers where the courts were held, the legal reo
ords of the trials, the place of tho executions,
tho bleak hill where the almost saintly George
Burroughs suffered, while grim Cotton Mather
rode around the scaffold, haranguing the people,
and proclaiming to them that the'heroic bear
ing of the prisoner only showed that the devil
often transformed himself into on angel of
light All tho scenery of the witoh tragedy is
in Salem still. Only the actors are wanting,
and their grave stones have hardly yet moul
dered away. .
And in the old town there are a thousand
other relics of the Puritan age of New Eng
land : the tangled knot of narrow, crooked
streets, laid out, they say, according to thecow
pathx the quaint, many-gabled houses, stock
ed with stiff-backed, puritanically-agonif ng
chairs, the low rooms crossed and recrossed by
the heavy oaken beams of the frame work; and
any quantity of furniture which not only pur
ports to have been " brought over in the May
flower,* but which attests, by its venerable as
pect, that it did indsed come from England in
norne nearly as ancient oouveyance as that la
mom v<vuol. And there, beneath where now
stands a -?.ay stone church, tradition says that
the gentle l.ady Arabella lies, the daughter of
an E*rl of Lincoln, who forsook her all in the
Old World? family, friends, wealth, high sooial
position?and came, among the firjt sutlers,
to New England, with her husband Riohard
Johnson, for the sake of religious freedom, and
soon died, her tender frame unable to endure
the cruel hardships of the rough settler's life? ?
the tame gentle Lady Arabolla whose story
Hawthorne has told in bis Grandfather s Chair.
And in Salem, many dim legends of the old
times still linger. Mr. Upham, in his well
known Lectures on Witch.traft, speaking of
the existence of traditionary tales.concerning
the experiments of our ancestors in diablerie,
"U is not probable that a larger number of
traditions of the kind are to be faund, withiu
similar limits in any part of the world, than In
the county of Essex ' ,ri
And he remarks, still further, that this w es
pecially tho ease in the sea faring towns which
Une the coast of the oonnty. But not alone
logenda of feats in witchorafl Other ancient
tales are still told there. I remember one,
which may prove not uninteresting to the read
ers of the House of the 8oven Gables
Near the corner of E?ex and Book ford
streets, in Salem, stood, until lately, a large
square house, built *cor?rs of years ago, in vhieh
it is said that a Pyn. Veon familv once lived,
the head of which was named Gervaise, or
Geoffrey. He had an only daughter?Alice
very young, and very b-vuitiful, with whom a
young phyaioiao of fch? toWD had fellM id
The physician wai poor, and the father was
proud and the lady was lorbidden to entertain
any thoughts of her lover, and was imprisoned
in her chamber, until at last she pined away
and died. On the day of the funeral, her father,
passing hurriedly down tb? naved Main street,
met the lover, and tauntingly ask. d him, be
fore the orowd, to become one of her pall-bear
ere; but the answer returned by the physician
wax, "That he oould not War upon his *h<.nl
ders that which lay so neai his heart"
It cannot be difficult to trace here, in the
father, the daughter, and the I ver, H*wthorn?j
Gervaya* and Alioe Pynehsnu and Matthew
Maule Even the name of the lady has been
preserved ; hnt over the old st >ry Ins beautiful
fancy has thrown a wierd eh arm, nnd has wo
ven from it a meet romantic taki.
The Cvime of old Matthew Maule I recognise
as suggested by the Bomuet of one of a nnm
Iter of women who were hrnughi to trial for
wiu'hcraft, on Juna 30 .b IflQ2 Hutchinson^
in his History of the Province of Wsasaohusetti
Daw MtM *
? One of these women being told at h?r exe
eution, by tho minister, Mr. Noyes, tha, he
knew she was a witch, and therefore advised
her to confess she replied, that he In J and thai j
the was no more n mkk than he i?>? u. vizard,
and if he took rttra* her hfe, <M W*hIH pie
him fdood lo drink."
And, in a note, ho adds:
They have a tradition among thn people ot
Salem, that a peculiar circumstance at tended
the death of this gentleman, ho bavin; been
choked with blood, which makes them m.ppoeo
her, if not a witch, a Pythonissa, at leust in
thie instance." , .
Mr. Upham, in his lectures, from whi ti I
have once already quoted, tolls sul.stant' v ly
the samo story, and attributes the saym. to
Sarah Good The Mr. Noycs referred to va*
junior pastor of the First church at Salem -a
position Milieequently occupied by Mr. I'pnan
himmvir?a.nd was particularly prominent v.
tho delusion. It is said of him, that lie wa
very active to prevent a revulsion of the punlu
mind or evon the least diminution of the ^-po
lar violence again si the supposed witches^
At a later period, when tho excitement was
dispelled, atid the people l*gan to see clearly
their guilt and folly, jt is recorded that he Mt
terly repented, and Dr. Bentley speaks or him
thus:
"Mr. Noyes came out and publicly confessed
his error; never excused hintielf; visited, loved,
blessed the survivors whom he had injured;
asked forgiveness always, and consecrated the
residue of his life to bless mankind."
Although Hawthorne, iu his preface to the
House of th'i Seven Gables, says that it was
built "of materials Ions in use lor constructing
castles in the air," still, I trust that I do not
oommit an unpardonable offence if 1 suggest
what I think may probably have been the frame
work of this aerial edifice. Uncle Venner's
farm-house, which would iu common parlance.
I suppose, bo called the poor-house, was. it will
perhaps be remembered, distinctly visible from
the windows of tho Pynohoon mansion ; and
when 1 first read the House of the Seven Ga
bles, and noticed this faot,v I could not but
think that the author must have had in his
mind the thought of a most singular old house
which, until lately, stood cornering on a eros-i
stri-efc ut,,tly* lownr end of the city. di.-cei!y
overlooking itre Salem poor-house and its farm,
a bend of tho harbor flowing between. It
wai a spacious mansion, with a many gabled
roof, bedecked with all kinds of peaks and pin
nacles, and wus a very curious specimen of the
architectural ideas of our ancoatera. 1 remem
ber it as gloomy, moss-covered, and dilapida
te I, with all the out buildings and fences
around it in a similar state of decay. It wus
built by Philip Knglish, at some time in the
latter half of tho seventeenth century. He
was a gentleman of education and for tuna
but had created some local enemies, who caused
his wife to lie arrested on a charge of witch
craft, in 1692. Her husband secreted himself,
and many attempts were ineffectually made to
disoover hiin. Being oonvinccd that he oould
do nothing to save his wife, he ut last surren
dered himself to the magistrates, and declared
his determination to die with her. But before
her trial, they mado their escape. It is eaid
that the horse ou which he fled was shod with
shoos reversed, in order that the tracks might
deceive his puieuors. They returned to Salem
afterwards, and regained possession of their
properly. A few years ago, this old Knglish
houne wus torn down. 1 well remember some
tiles of a chimney piece in my father's house,
which were taken from it, and the almost
night-mare-like horror with which I used,
when a boy, to regard them, as if 1 half ex
pected some one of the 6even stern witch-judges
to start into life again before roe. Some sixty
or seventy years ago, it was occupied by a me
chanic, whose stock in trade was undoubtedly
moro valuable than Hepzihah's assortment of
pipes and thread and Jim Crows, inasmuch as
he pursued the worthy calling of a silversmith.
And Hcpsibah's cent shop?there in tho city,
now, is many just such an establishment; and
many a Jim Crow from just such a shop, pre
sided over by just such an old maid as Hepci
bah, have I nibbled in my schoolboy days.
There are many honses in Salem which date
back to even an earlier period than Philip
English's mansion. One, ia particular, which
stands at the corner of Washington and Church
street*, which was built at Gloucester, on Cape
Ann, and then taken to piooes and brought by
sea to Salem, by Roger Conant, before 1629.
G oyer nor KndioJtt luelded in it for a time, and
its walls must have heard many a fierce dis
cussion about pope and king, and many a wise
deliberation for the welfare of the infant ool
ony; and if they oould speak and tell us the
many secrets they are burdened with, they
would disclose even more eventful sayings and
Grandfather's Chair. Sinoe those "old colony
days," it has pasted through very many hands,
at one time being transformed into the " Ship
Tavorn," at another oooupied as a shop, and
then again restored to its former condition an
a dwelling-house.
A city in which there are so many antiqui
ties must of necessity number amongst its in
habitants descendants of many old families
Hawthorne is himself descended from one of
the most ancient of these. The family name
was originally spelt Halkurnt, and a Justice
Hatborne was one of the seven witch judges *
Hawthorne's direot ancestors were, like thoso
of most of the Salem families, soafaring men.
His father, Nathaniel, whose name the author
bears, and hi* grandfather, were both sea
captains. During the early years of his life,
I think ontil he received an appointment from
Collector Bancroft in the Boston custom-house,
he roxided in an aocient house in the lower
Jiartof the oity, which is still standing, though,
ike almost every relio which remains in Salem
of the old times, fallen far into decay
It is a matter of extreme rogret that some
faithful and aeourate rceord has not already
been madj of the quaint life in Salem half a
century ago. ft was most peculiar in its ohar
actor. The merchants there having, in most
instances, begun their lives by sailing "bef.ro
the mast," and then rising to be ship-oaptains,
and gaining sufficient profsirty to onablo them
to vmituro into tradn, and many at last accu
mulating immen e fortunes, were naturally
moulded by their n*igh lives into bard and
nnpolished forms. Thero were all kinds of
oddities among them. There was hardly one
of them who did not have his peculiar eccen
tricity. But they have almost all gone Here
and there one lingers still telling his stories of
privateering in the English war, and of the
East India trade.
During Administration after Administration,
the custom house, the same great brick build
ing with whioh Hawthorne has mado every
one feel so well acquainted, was tho rendezvous
to all the f ray-headed old sea captains who
wero left. And thero they nsed to sit day after
day, as Hawthorne describes them, "asleep in
their accustomed corners, with their ohairs
tilted back against the wall,'' or " chatting in
tha batik entry, a row of them all tip|>ed
against the wall, as usual; while the frozen
witticisms of past generations were thawed out,
and came bubbling with laughter from their
lips."
But oven the drowsy officials of the Salem
oustom-honse have been aromed from their
slutnliers: for when the Democratic end of the
soo-saw tilted up into tho White House, most
of them slid off the other end out of office.
The sturdy old collector, the gallant General
Of the Knglish war, haslieen laid away beneath
the turf these twoycats past. The stout florid
cheeked inspector, the " wonderful specimen of
winter-green,' has eaten his last dinner, and
gone with tho collector ; and the jnnior clerk,
that "young gentleman who. it was whimpered,
occasionally Covered a sheet of Uncle Sam's
letter paper with what (at the distanoe of a few
yards) looked very much like poetry," now
scribbles his ditties on paper of his own. A new
rtgimt has boon intrc dnced. Kven the decay
ing building itsolf has l<eeii brightened in ap
penranoe by the addition of a few coats of
? Tn Hntahinson* History, however, an edition of
whioh, put.linhc.l in 17A8, I have before me, Ma name
was Spelt like the author's, Hawthorns. Bnt sineo
sritinif the above, I havo boon shown peroral sifllfl
' sros of his. in which hi* name is spelt without the w.
' *? was an anesstor of the aathor, sn<i is moattonsil
ik him in tho Intrndaetioft tn the flearlet Letter
deeds than are recorded
paint, and Democratic nxtravagftnoe is to be
oarried to such an extant, they say, as to gild
the weather-beaten eagl?over fcho portico It
is rumored that it win once painted white;
but that mn-t have bt*u long ago, for the rains
ami snows of almost hr?? If a century have made
its head even more ba|d than the wood carver
who sculptured it ever Jesigned.
And Hawthorne baa Mi his former home, too.
apparently forever Bat I brieve that, with all
ita faults, Salem is a <Je=.r old city still to him,
and that he will return to it ''gain, if not from
love, from instinct Ae he himself has said
of the tenacity with whe!i the descendant of
one of the old Pilgrim families, who settled
there, olings to the soil o' the ancient town?
" It is no matter that he place it* joyless for
him; that he is w^air of the old wooden
houses, the mud and du t, the dead level of site
and sentiment, the chi * t.<t*t wind, and the
chilliest < f a cial atm< -. Uere? all IImm, and
whatever faults < he ?? st. ur imagine, are
nothing to the VanpMtJ The survi**,
aud jiint M .w m fully uh ii natal spOTW^re
an earthly Paradiilfc*^'"
And applying this to himself, he has said?
'? So has it been in tuy oase I felt it almost
as a duhtiuy to make Salem my home; so that
the mould of features and cast of coaractor
which had all along been familUr her <?ever
as ona icpre*ent>iti\n of the race lay d>wn in
bis grave, another attuning, a* it wkre, his
sentry march along the main street?flight
still in my little day be seen and recognised in
the old town."
THE SLAVE QUKSIIOH
REMARKS OP MR. PRESTON, OF KENTUCKY,
Delivered in the Ho. of Rtpt , Dee. 20, 1853.
The House being iii Committee of the WhoU
on the President's Message, Mr. Gerrit
Smith addressed the Committee. Having
concluded? *
Mr. PKESTON said:
I have listened, Mr Chairman, not without
a oertain degrco of interest, to the gentleman
lrorn New York [Mr. Smith J who has jut*
addres-ed the Committee, and I now desiro it*
indulgence for a brief response, though nothing
could have been further from my intention*
than the de-sign of offering any remarks to-day i
in relation to any subject that engages the !
legislative attention. 1
Living, as I do, in a Slate recognising
Slavery, and hrmly couvinced, agj am, of the
propriety ol protecting our property jQ slave*,
yet I do not de*iro to reply in any intolerant
spirit to the views wbiuh have been advanced
by the gentleman from New York. 1 feel con
scious that tho great and wine men who ushered
our Government unto existence, and laid its
foundations deep in truth aud justioe, were not
inferior in religiou or philanthropy to those
who assail the rights of the Southern members
of the Confederacy, assail their institutions, and
decry their people. And although I may feel
with a strength of conviction that my language
cannot adequately express, the injustice of as
sailing those rights, yet it is far from me to
desire to evade or strangle discussion by de
nunciation or violence 1 trust to the power of
truth to show that the men of the Sooth are
not the representative* of u people enduring
the odious tyranny that the-en tie man asserts;
that they are not men tolerating and fostering
a wrong against every dictate of humanity and
juetioe, but entertaining far wiser and more
practical views than those misguided enthu
siasts who would shake to its centro a Govern
ment planned by patriots and statesmen, and
cemeoted by the public prosperity.
Enthusiasm, fir, is resfieotable, even in error.
It is attractive when clothed in the fullness of
appropriate language, and marked hy ehquent
delivery ; but this should not blind us to the
pernioioos sentiments contained in the remarks
we have heard. The gentleman from New
Vork has sought to institute a parallel between
the principle*of Abolition and those contained
in the letter of the Secretary of State to the
Chevalier Hulsemann, in relation to the sur
render of Martin Kossta. To institute a com
pariann which would unite principles so dissim
ilar, would lie to create a monster in the polit
i(^l world more deformed than the Siamese
twins in the physioal world
The sum of the doctrine in the Kowtia letter,
as asserted by the American Secretary, is, that
Martin Koezta, having taken the initiatory steps
to become a citiien of the United States, and
having filed his declaration of intention in oar
courts, became clothed with such a nationality
thftt, having gooe into the oity of Smyrna, in
the peaceful pursuit <.f business or of pleasure,
that be was still under the protecting power
of the Amerioan flag, and bey.?d recapture
by the power of Austria. But, let me ask the
gentleman, if a treaty had existed between
Austria and the Government of the United
State*, by which the solemn faith of the Amer
icn Government wore pledged to restore such
refugees, as wo stipulate for the extradition of
felons with Great Britain, under the Ashhurton
tr"*'y, whether, without a violation of faith,
we could have refused to surrender the fugi
tive? There can be but oue solution to tne
question. Yet, have not the States of the
American Union something more solemn and
moro obligatory than a mere troaty tn oompel
the oxtrndition of fugitive slaves: something
more than a compact, as Webster expounded
it in his memorable reply to H*yne; some
thing tnoro soleoiu and mors binding than
treaty or compact?the very Constitution itself
upon which our Government exist-* * A ??v
"reign can recede from a treaty or a compact,
and no tribunal on earth but itself o.?n judge
it; but in our Constitution?the most solemn
form of obligation that society kqows?a tribu
nal, tho Supreme Cisirt. is established to assist
in the enforcement of the rights of ths people
composing the Confederacy. This Const.tu
tion. solemnly ratified, guaranties to tho slave
holding States the protection of their property,
and the extradition of fugitive slaves, when
they escape into sister States where the insti
tution is not recognised. Shall tho?e solemn
promises be fulfilled '?or shall tho pseudo
philanthropist, with the Bible in his hand?the
Bible upon which the founders of our Govern
ment, and the two hundred and thirty-eight
gentlemen here assembled, were sworn to sup
port the Constitution?invoke our body to dis
regaril its preoept, and commit meditated per
j'iry by violating it* provisions? Yet such is
'ha morality that fanatic:*] enthusiasm pro
poses.
The logic of the Secretary of State has been
availed, ii|>on the ground that he has chos-n
to place an unwarranted limitation upon the
Divine injunction, that you should "do ante
others as you would they should do unto you
Jet I would ask of tho gentleman who ha* so
eenly cvitioised the expression, if it is not a
plain matter to an unsophisticated mind, that
we should fulfil the pri raises that we make to
others 1 And if, under this |*iuoiplo, the peo
ple of the North ate not to .rally Isiund to
fulfill their promises to their Southern breth
ren 1 ,
The eorrespond-m e in relation to the seitore
of Koezta ik?es Imnor L> tne Admmistvatiou and
i
the Government; hut while the Seoretary huh
tained his views with great ability, / trust I
may be pardoned the digression, if I remark
that, id my opinioo, the acts of C ogress in re
lation (o naturalization wtill further fortified his
portion Our whole theory of the right of expa
triation id in conflict with the English, and, I
bolieve, the general European law, which
maintains that u subject has no power to divest
himsell of the allowance due to the Government
under whose jurisdiction ho in born. It is clear
that if Ki?ata had received his final letter of
naturalization, that, according to our theory, it'
waa undoubtedly our duty to protect him.
Until the year f 848, our naturalisation lawn
required an alien to reside in the United States
continuously for five yearn before the final let
ters wero granted. Any non-residence or ab
sence Irom our jurisdiction vitiated his rights.
In 1848, an aet was paused by Congress, per
mitting the time to be computed during the
absuuce of the alien, which, by implication,
authorized him to go during the period
of his acquiring citizenship This act, a* I
conceive, gavo full authority to Ko?ta to visit
; and the United States were iih much
Ixjund to afford h'.m the protection of our Gov
ernment, uh they would have been to an alien
lully naturalised, or to a native citizen.
The gentleman from New York, Mr. Chair
man, has not only criticised the letter of the
Secretary, but has chosen to muko this the
occasion for a general denunciation of the in
stitution of slavery in the Southern States. I
know, sir, that the subject is trite and ex
hausted, but I feel unwilling that the remarks
winch he has uttered should pass without
Borne reply. 1
The Southern States, since their earliest co
T'aLh,8tory> 1,avo bH'n peopled hy two races,
of different coljtr and of different civilisation
vve hold thein in bondage hecauBo we are un
willing to amalgamate with them, end desire
to keep cur Pen tonic blood pure and uneor
ruptou l?y any bnner admixture/ because we
preter that their untutored labor should be
directed by the superior intelligence of our
race to useful industry, rather than that they
should be freed from all wholesome restraint,
and left without coercion to r.ollute our blood
and destroy our progress. Ft is not within our
comprehension to divine the cause which hus
made the Ruler of Nations establish this order
ol things.
The, wihdotn of man cannot foresee or pene
trate the means by which the civil'z<ition of
nations is directed by Htm. We see ourselves
surrounded by three millions of tho African
raoe, who, under tho dominion of the white
race, has, in two huudred vears, made greater
advances in religion and civilization than they
have made in four thousand years in their ab
original condition. If, at this hour, the angel
of death were to breathe upon the face of our
people as it did upon the hosts of Sennacho
nb, the surviving black race would exhibit a
picture of civilization more remarkable than
auy that Africa has ever exhibited. But the
African is not the only raoe which has been
subject to Slavery, bight hundred years ninoe,
our boasted Saxon ancestors endured a slavery
as abjcct as that of the Southern negro. Thu
history of all savage races who have attained
the blessings of civilization, show that they
lit?ve marched to Freedom through the portals
of Slavery. Where two races of widely differ
ent civilisation exiftt ^tn'^elbei, the superior ex
terminate or enslave the inferior. The indo
cility of the Indian will cause him to be swept
from the face of the earth. Slavery seems to !
he the price that ignorance pays to intelligence
lor its tuition in the art* of civilization.
Nothing can be more disastrous lo a State
than the premature enfranchisement of an
enslaved raoe. They gangrene upon tke face
of its sooiety, until it jieriehes under thfe sfflic
tion. It is a historical fact, and worthy of note
that the first Abolitionist was the first jser
son who introduced African Slavery upnn the
shores of America. Las Casa?, the Bishop of I
Chiapns, after Cortrz conquered Mexico, felt 1
the dt<e(?st oompaseion for tho ludians who
wore allotted ns slaves to hi i Spanish adventur
ers. He petitioned tho King of Spain, that
these Indian riaves should be enfranchised. and
that the more robust and hardy negroes of tho
African coast should be imported His prayer
was granted, and it is to him tho thraldom of
the African in America is to be first attributed
The misfortunes of Mexico at this hour are,
in my opinion, attributable in a great measure
to the indiscreet philanthropy of Las Casts.
The barriers which *cparnte<l the races were
oast down, tho Castilian blood no longer ran
pure ami unpolluted in the veins of the pen
pie. The great preponderating Mestizo, or
mixed race, was engendered ; and he who will I
walk through the streets of Mexioo, will see
all the horrid results of a debased amalgamated
'ace, a* he sees the Mexican of pure SpMiinh
descent s(urn from him with his foot, a* he
would s??ne beast, the loathsome Mtztizo that
obstructs the way.
Hut let me turn for a moment from.a consid
eration of this picture, ard a?k if our foref*.
thers had framed the wise and lieneficent Gov
ern mm t we enjoy, if to-morrow the Ohio were
the military lino of demarcation lietwcen the
North and Smth, as the Rhine between Ger
many and (ram a, if forts were erected, cus
tom house* established, and armies posted?il
union were proposed to remedy all these evils,
would it be accented ? If we were assembled
as delegates, and the South were to demand
the same terms our Constatut'on guaranties,
and the regulation of our own domestic in?ti^
to'ions, can wo for a moment doubt that, alter
all the benefits we hare experienced, the North
would not be willing and anxious to accede to
itw provisions ? Or would wo of the South?
forgetful of tho gallant spirit of our forefathers
who planted the Southern Colonies, and whose
descendants, surmounting the cresti of the Al
leghanies, hire civilization nnd religion into
the primeval forests of the Woet, until they
were borne over Kentucky and Missouri, even
to tho golden shores of C tlifornia?prove rec
reant to the glorious memories of the past, and
Huhmit to dishonorable dictation ?
I respect tho generosity of emotion that
seems to move the gentleman from New York
decisively as I diffor from every sentiment he
utters; but I must say, that the'abolition of
African Slavery, and ite agitation, are fraught
only with the moil pernicious consequences to
our common oountry. I live in a State in which
the institution of Slavery exists, in whioh we
have stood by our Southern brethren, and
will stand by them in the defence of onr
rights; and that, if Slavery l?e not perpetual,
the hand of Time will do more for tho oaosa
than the misdirected efforts of philanthropy
or f intticism. Wo may aptly say, when we
flint to the ameliorations wrought already hy
ime in the condition of our slaves,
'Tiiriifl, <|iioii opt witi DivOni premittere nnmo
Anderet, volvend* dies en attutil nitre."
I trust, Mr (Chairman, that this topic may
no longer he the subject of agitation ? f?r 'l
fed adored that if it is o<N)tinu. d it will over
whelm the institutions we have inherited from
onr wise and nttriotie ancestors in irretrieva
ble ruin.
OKOHflK W. JULIAN,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law, CentreviUt,
Indiana,
WILL attend to tbo securing and collecting of
claims, and all other busiuess intrusted to bin
care, in tbo counties of Way no. Randolph, lk-nry.
Union, and Fayotto, and in tba Supreme mid Federal
CourtH at Indianapolis. Doc 22.
DNOHy, TKITrn, VhlUU,
AND Diseases of tbo Gfnital Organs, removed in
ux an incredibly abort timo. Invalid/) afflicted with
the above complaint* can be ttuccetisfully treated at
No. Broadway, botwoen Second and Third strootd,
eiud Hide. Office hours from ten to twelve o'clock
Drs. WHITTEMORK and STOCK WELL,
Don. 22. Cincinnati, Ohio.
?IO*KY HKK KKKD.
ANV person who will send his address, and one
dollar, in an envelope, postpaid, to E JORDAN,
Newbury, Vermont, shall have sent Him by mail,
punt paid, in return, a paper informing him? 1st, how
tu make four qualities of feed for bees, costing from
3 to ?? cunts per lb., froin which Rood honey id' pro
duced; 2d, giving information how to use the ford
with any common hive, with drawers; 3d, giving in
formation bow to prevent lighting and robning while
in tbo procox* of feeding Knowing that multitudes
are desiroaa to obtain the above information, and
that it is more than an equivalent for the dollar
asked, no apology is needed for this notica. Please
sond a gold dollar, or a current bill on some New
England bank, when possible.
Nov. 17. E JORDAN.
THE M K VV % OK H nUIICAli HKVIr M
AND
CHORAL AIIVIUJATK
IS the cheapest and beat Musical Paper in the
world. ThiB Journal, whioh has heretofore been
publishod monthly, commenccs its fifth year in Jan
uary next, and tboncoforward it will be published
every two weeks- on every other Thursday ; thoreby
giving more than twice as much matter, without any
increase in price. Each number contains sixteen
quarto paged, tour of whioh are new musio, consist
ing of glues, hymn tunes, chants, anthems, dedication
aud holyday pieces, and, in short, every variety of
musio adapted to purposes of religious worship, to
public occasions, and to the homo circle; all of which
will bo of a practical character, and such as oan he
sung by persona of ordinary musical attainments. In
tho editorial department of the Review aro engagod
(in addition to Mr Cady, the former editor) gentle
men of tho highest talent and ripost musical experi
ence, among whom aro George F. Root, William B.
Bradbury, Thomas Hastings, and Lowell Mason;
and its circle of correspondence, home and foroign,
is coinpluto. The Reviow will also be a regular me
dium for the announcement of new musical publica
tions by all the loading publishing houses in the
Union. Tho subscription list of this paper is now
larger than that of any similar journal in tbo world,
and the new arrangements, rondoring it the cheapest
as well us (it is hopod) the most valuable musical
pap?<r ever publishod, must largely increase its al
ready unparalleled circulation.
Ttr-mt.? One dollar per annum, or six oopies for
Gve dollars, always in advance.
Qy The music alone in a volume would cost over
five dollars in the usual form. Beside this, thero will
be an immense amount of musical news, essays, crit
icism, instruction, Ac., all for only one dollar! Ev
ery one fooling a particle of interest in tho cause of
music will surely subscribe.
Specimen numbors sont on receipt of two lott?r
postage stami*. Address, always post paid,
M ASON BROTHERS,
Dec. 22. 23 Park Row, New York.
?. M. PKTTKNUIIX k CO.,
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING AGENTS, ARl
the agent* for the NiUumal Era, and are autnor
ited to reoeive advertisements and subscriptions foi
as at the lowest rates. Their receipts are regarded a?
payments. Their offices are at New York, 122 Nas
sau street Vnntnn. 1# Slat# stroet June 24
iiimLoii
THE TIME HAS COMB, and he that has energy
and ability can reap a rich reward. A safe way
to mako money. The following Receipt*, with full
directions for the manufacture, for only one dollar:
1st. A superior Black Ink, that will cost only fire
cents per gallon.
2d. A superior transparent Soap for shaving.
Sd. A wator proof Blocking, excellent for leather
4th. Washing Liquid.
5th. Burning Fluid.
Either of the above will pay very large profits.
Ath. An article warranted to restoro colors, whothr
er taken oat by acids or the sub.
These Receipts will bo sunt to any one who will
enclose one dollar, post paid, to the subscribor. All
the articles for tho preparation of the above Receipts
can be obtained at drug stores generally.
I havo sold single receipts of tho above for $30.
Dec 22. M. E. DOW. Manchester. N. H.
*r >,! ANtl? AilAftlA.VflM. I.AMU,f>, A Ml
I.AH n on
LARD OIL of the finest quality, in rood shlpplnj
order. Htar and Adamontine Candle*, Jut
wnight, IB ounces to the pound. These candle* art
excellent for all rliinttir' especially California, lira
ail, the Ka*t and Went Indies, and A Wo a Order* fb<
any quantity executed promptly.
THOM AH KM KEY, Lard Oil and Star
MareH 14. Candle Manufacturer. CNweienatl.O I
MttHK.
DANIEL R. ilOODLOE, Attorney and Coanssllo \
at Law, offers hi* terrier* to the Public a* ai
Agent for Pension, Bounty Land, and other Claim' j
np<>n the Federal Government. July T
ft ft. W11.M AM*,
Atternry ?wl Ceua?eller at Law, Waikl*|i*n (1lj
PRACTICES in the Court* of the District of Cc
lumhia, and before the Department* of the Got
eminent Office over Banking House o( Selden, Witb
ear. k Co Jane Sn?-If
CALVKRI.fr Y ? MOIJin,
MANUFACTURERS and Importers of Rritann'o
Ware. Tea and Coinmnnion Set*, Ice Pit<-her?,
Ac.. Mo. IA9 Race or Sassiit'ra* street, above Third,
opposite the White Swan. Philadolpn.a Doe. I ?Am
MTTKLL'S LlVl.lii AliK-KM.
A btauiiful Engrmmmf in each Number.
THE LIVINO AGE has heen abundantly honored
hy the approbation of the best jndfrs, it ha*
been pronounced to be soand and vigorous: various
and entertaining; full of spirit and life; uniting th?
qqalities which gratify tho scholar, the philoeophor. i
and the man of hnsines*. with those which recom
mend it to their wive* and children. We *hall now
endeavor to add to thcee intiinMC excellence* th?
greater attraction* of Art, and, beginning with 1854. j
Kvery Number vill contain an Imprtuitm frtm
a beautiful Strrl Plait
The 51 Plates a year will alone be worth the pries
of subscription.
This work is made op of the elaborate and stately
eaaays of the lidmburgh, <?)??>/. 'ty, and other lie
view*; and filitfl HHtml ? noble criticism* on pootry
his keen political commentaries, highly wrought
teles, and vivid descriptions of raral and mountain
scenery; and the centi ibntions to literature, history, j
and common life, by the sagacious Sprrtaior, the
sparkling Erammf, the juoicioas Athrmrvm, th?
busy and industrious Ijitrrarp (luzr'tr, the son?iblt
and comprehensive Hrttatiaui, the sober and respect
able CkrufHin Ofwsvsr; these are intermixed witti
the military and naval retnioisconce* of the Vttttm
Srrtn*t, and with the best artielrsof the Dublin Um- j
tvrwVy, Nfw Monthly, Fratn'*, Toil'*,A ? >iitrerth't i
Ifmni't, an.I Spirting Mararinn, and of ChtmUr*
admirable Journal. Wo do not consider it beneath
our dignity to borrow wit and wisdom from P?neh ; j
and. when we tliink it good enough, maka use of the
thunder of Thr Tim**. Wo shall increase oar rnri ;
ety hy importations from tho continent of Europe, J
and from the new growth of the British colonies.
THE LIT I If (I AO K i? published every Saturday, !
by LITTKI.L, SON, A COMPANY, corner of Tre
mont and Bromflekl streets, Boston. Price l)j centr
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We will send the Living At??. postage free, to all
subscribers within tl>o United Stutcs who remit In
advance, directly to the office of publication, the sum
of six dollar*; thn* placing oar distant snhecriber*
on the same footing a* those nearer to us, and makinp
the whole onunUy our neighborhood.
Dec 1 LITTKLL, SON, A CO, Boston.
JOHN f itl.Vltlll.IV,
* | ANUFACTt RER of C andle Moulds, No 10?
ill. Race (Sassafras) street, shore Third, opposite J
the White Swan Hotel. Philadelphia
fW
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Money to be forwarded b^ mail at onr risk Large
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dressed to G BAILEY, 1? mdumgtu*, I) ('.
WMAKVILI.KHriKM 1RV AMI WATKi CUM.
THIS Institution has been in suoco.-sful operation
three years, and ita proprietor, bavin# devoti 1
tweuty-ftve yeara to the maua^euient of the rick, is
nt,w enabled to judiciously select, and skillfully np
dIv euib curative agencies as are bett adapt )d to
eJ.'h caw. Female diseases in ull tbeir f..rm* re
oeive particular attention ; and tboae even who bivo
been confined to their beda from one to twenty yehi
with spinal, ntcrine, or anomalous disease, are as^i r
ed that there ia atill hope for them We especially
invite such to correspond with us, as unrivalled sue
cess ha* j'iven us confidence ol their curability. D?
raiiireiueiit of the nervous system, liver, niid digej-tivo
oruans, are generally relieved. Terms, from $? to
$12 per week, accordiny U> helplessness or the amount
of nare required. Address
W. W. BANCROFT, M. P.,
Doc. 2V. QranvUle, Licking co., Ohio
CiJK.V I. LA ISO WATKK ?.l UK. MIAUL:kM
MKHT.
T1IE above Establishment continues in successful
operation during <he winter as wi ll as summer,
The number of patients treated at the Establishment
has been on the increase from year to yeai, lor t: ??
pant six years, until the last season, when the
wandf. of tho public far oiceedod our power lo
roinu."dale them. The increasing rapidity and pro
portion of cures, from year to year, induces tbo sub
-acriber to believe that his enlarged experience and
opportunities for treatment give facilities to tha inva
lid rarely equalled.
Diseases peculiar to females are treated with a suc
cess and ru/nrlitq of cure believed to be surpassed by
none. | Dec. 8.] T. T SEELYE. M. D.
f.VShJ tK-KN'H NIM UlK'lt *4?K I I* fcl H<'IH
l>?V?.
20,000 ordered in Advance of Publication
Will be ready *1 oil.lay, Dec flth
LITTLE FERNS FOR FANNY'S LITTLE
FRIENDS. By the author of "Fern Leaves.
Ono elogant lfimo, 300 pagos ; six Illustrations
Price 75 cents. The same, gilt edge, $1.
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For sale by all Booksellers throughout the United
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OKU. \V. NKWCOMH,
Attorney a>ul Counsellor at Law, Chicago, lit
ILL pay particular attention to collecting busi
ness in Chicago and vicinity. Uc.t. af>- _
Pl'BLI <lt riHS' A1HUUS' ??>' KM*!
W
ELEVENTH VOLUME OF
THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST,
Tilt LKADINO
Weekly Agricultural Pnpi r of the Country
THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, a weekly
Peiiodical ot sixteen large quarto pages, making
an auuual volume of B.'IU pages ofv nearly double the
si:o of those in tho first ten volumes of the Agricul
turist.
It is beautifully printed with type cast expressly
for it, and on tho boot of clour white paper, with wide
margin, so that tho numbers ran be oasily stitebfd
or bound together.
A copious Index is weekly added, which will i>e
fully amplified at tho end of the year, for tho bound
work. .
Comprehensive in its ( fiaracter,
Each volume will contain all matter worth record
ing, which transpires either at home or abroad, and
which can sorve to instruct or interest the Farmer,
the Planter, the Fruit-Grower, the Gardener, and
the Stock Breeder; thns making R the most com
plete and useful Agricultural Publication of the day.
Correct and valuable Market Report?.
The Markcta will be carefully reported, giving the
actual transactions which Uke place from week to
woek lu Grain, Provision* Cattle. Ac.; thus leav
ing our readers constantly and reliably ad vie* J a* to
their interests. During the past year, tho knowledge
obtained from thews Market Report* alone has saved
our readers thousands of dollars, by informing tbem
of the best time to sell or purchase. ^ ?
Suck a Paper in dtmatidtd by the Farming
Community.
The publishers confidently believe that the agri
cultures of this eountry are joining too much
awake to tho demands of their own calling to be
longer satisfied with the slow monthly issues ol a r?
nor professedly dovotod to their interests, or to tnwl
! alone to the irresponsible extrscts in *
column. ' so popular just now in papers chiefiy 'levo
tod to business, politios, or hte.ature and they look
for the united support of all the intelligent former*
I of this country in their continued effort to furnish a
| weekly pa|?r of a high and reliable character, which
shall be progressive, and at the same timo cautious
and conservative id mi it* teaching.".
Essentially an Agricultural Paper.
The A^rtcvlluritt will not depart from its legiti
mate *pborc to e?tch popular favor hy lumbering up
it* pages, with the rilly. fictitious literature, ?nl
light, iniacollaneou* mallei ot tbo day; It baa a high
er aim, and a small part only of Ma (pare will ho
devoted to matter* not immeuiaU I v pertaining to the
great huaineaa of Agriculture. The household we
well a? the oat-door work of the fane will rcctiie a
dne share of attention. The hHisbap and nostrum*
afloat in the community will he tried by reliable sci
entifl>' relet, and their worthlessnee* exposed. It ia
the aim of the publishers to keep tiiia paper und< r
the guidance of thoae who will make it a >tandard
work, which ahall communicate to ita readere only
that which ia safe and reliable.
An Indtpendtnl Jo**n al.
The American Agnnthnriet stands upon ita own
merits: and the truttifalneM. real, aad aV i'itj,
which it hrings to the rapport ot the intereeta of tba
farmer. It ia nntrammeled hy any collateral huai
ners connections whatever; nor ?it the organ of any
clique, or tbo puffing machine of any man or thing.
Thoroughly independent in all points, Ita ample pa
gea are studiously given aJot.c to the support and im
provement of the great agricultural cla-?.
Editorial Dipcrlmcnt.
The America* A/rrtcnllntt?l ia under theeditoiial
supervision of Mr A H Allen, ita principal editor
for the past ten years, and Mr Orange Judd, A.M.
a thoroughly practical farmer and agrieultnt-l
chemist
They will be assisted by Prof. Xash. alio ha* been
for a long time one of the moat *uece*>fnl farmera of
New England, ami ia now Agricultural Profaaaor i f
Amherst College; Rev. W no Clift, widely known a? a
pleasing and instructive writer on gardening a*d
other departinenta of pract cal agriculture, and, in
addition to thtM, a number ot other eminent agri
cultural writer*.
All the editor* are mc>n pra^tienlly experience.! in
their profession, each of whom can bnndle the Pkiw
at well aa the Pen.
Tkf Cheapest Paper in tke country, of iU tkar
ncler.
The American Agriculturist l? supplied to regelnr
subscriber* at aeost of leas thar. four cent* a nutnl.fr,
of sixteen large page*, and to large elubs for 1??<
than two ami a half conta. Each number will contain
suggestions far the treatment of mils, manues. crop ,
stock, A?, which will often he worth to the reaa?-r
more than the coat of the paper f- r a yoa?
Specimen Cupid.
Specimen copies will He forwarded, gratis, to any
one vending their name and post office aJdretx to the
pnbliahera
TcKMt, Ac ?The paper will lie promptly issued on
Wednesday of each week, and mailed to swhsoribers
on th? following liWral term*
To tingle subscribers, at f2 a year? % J.
To elubs of three subscribi rt, at $l.H7 a year? f
11? clubs of Bee subscribers, at #1 M a year?fK.
To cluhs often subscribers, at $1 60 a rear? $ IS.
To clubs of tweutv subacribera, at t1-? ? je*t?
r
The money alwsys to a A otvpany the Mines for
which the paper it ordered.
The r .*troaster or other person sending a club of
ten will be entitled to <>ne extra oopy gratis.
The Postmnetvr or other person penning a olub of
twenty or more, will be presented with an extra oow>
and also a copy of the National Magaiine. Bcientifni
Aioertcan, * eeklv Tribune, or Weekly Time*, or any
other paper or periodical In this city, not costing or ?r
tw<> dollars per annum.
Subscriptions may be fiirwsrdr.l bwmsil, at th?
. ?' the publishers if m I uulJBAU'.i in t
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