Daily national era. [volume], March 23, 1854, Image 2

About Daily national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1854

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OUR MONTHLY LONDON CORRESPONDENCE.
for tl?s National *ra.
THE AKUJTOCBACY OF KHOLAHD lO 3.
The reign of the Tudor dynasty wu an
epoch of despotism, but it led to roniarkutde
changes in the position of the armUw^ ^
WEH tk. ?WM of m "
during his twenty-seven yours of
tvrunnv the guardians of the pubho purse
3",Tio "l".r u.,tivity tl.?? ???
oSonca True it is, that he held out the
powerful luro of avarice to needy
oourtiers, and the plunder ot the
*>
- rs^f^
this olunder was enormoua. In 153b, the leaser
?? A?. am,.uu.il,B tu 376,
ed and their plate wa* appropriated to th
Kinc In 1538, the great monasteries shared
the Lie fate. On th, whole, 645 monaster.en
w?re seised of which 28 had uiitrod abbots,
who sat in Parliament, from whiobth?3|'**?*
now expelled. Ninety colleges, d?Htributed in
various oounties, wero closod, as well as 2,.M
chantries and free chapels, and 110 hospitals
The aacreitate revenue of theso establishments
then amounted to ?161,000 sterling?a large
moneyed rental in those tiroes?but ktg'vesno
ad* qu&te idea of the enormous wealth which
ultimately came into the handa ot the descend
ants of the original spoliators. Mining indus
try had then made little progress; but at a
later date, the rioh treasures of minerals and
rn?r?U, Stored .?p hen?ath the mrfaoo, yielded,
and still Jiejd, princely revenues.
Henry next suppressed the order ol the
knights of St John or Jerusalem, (otherwise
called the knights of Malta,) and confiscated ,
their property Other colleges and hospital*
attracted the cupidity ot the courtiers, who
endeavored to persuade the governors and
presidents of those establishments to surrender
their revenues to the King, they receiving a
personal compensation, and eight accepted the
bribe. There was a clause in all the charters
of therie foundations, that no deed of alieua
tion was valid, without the oonsent of all the
fellows; and as it was not so easy to corrupt
all of them us the governors and presidents.
Parliament annulled all the charters, and the
coot tiers divided the spoil. Thus the codes.,
ostical estates passed to the territorial propri
etors, and increased their opulenoe. The proot
still remains in the titles of many aristocratic
domains as Woburn Abbey, and Tavistock
Priory whioh fell to the lot of the Russell tam
ily, and now belong to the Dukes of Bedford.
Nor was it only in the confiscation of prop
erty that a corrupt Legislature became the de
graded instrument of a despotic monarch
Their Bervility extended to matters ot religion
The Bill of Six Articles, called by the Protest
ants the Bloody BUI. was enacted, and the
King's proclamation received the fame force as
the statutes of Parliament; and that Assembly
so framed the law as to make it appear-as sim
ply declaratory and explanatory ot the nature
and extent of the prerogative, which amount
ed to a surrender of the rights of the Legisla
ture. When the King, in 1540, sent a com
plaint to Parliament of the heresies in the
kingdom, the Vicar General, Cromwell, made
a speech in favor of the royal views in the
House of Peers and Henry was so well pleased
that he deolari d Cromwell ought to be Vicar
General of the universe ; and, cm the appoint
ment of tf royal oommissioo to frame a reli
gion, Parliament rrsoNed, before even a single
eiep was taken iu the business, that whatever
artioles or creed were drawn up, they should
be received as the* law of the land. So com
Cte was the despotism of Henry, that the
islative assemblies had lieoome mere regis
ter offices of his will and pleasure, and the
people dared neither petition nor remonstrate
This fastidious and sensual tyraut potsed a law
condemning any woman to death who was not
a virgin at the date of nuptials; but finally, to
make sure that he was not duped, he married
a widow. Catharine Parr
I fader the short reign of his son and success
or, lid ward VI, the Dake of Somerset, as Pro
testor of the Realm, completed the religious
revolution, and gave full liberty to the Protest
ants; hut there were no guarantees for its con
tinuance, based on constitutional principles
The principal men in the country were ongaged
in political intrigues to set asido the olaims of
Mary and Rlissbetb, and settle the crown on
the heir* of the Duchess of Suffolk, a sister of
Henry VIII, who, in second nuptials, had mar
ried the Earl of Suffolk Amidst these oahals,
the mal interests of th# country were over
looked.
When Mary ascended the throne, the obse
qaious Parliament repealed all the laws pasred
iu favor of Protestants during the life of her
brother Two hundred and tevepty seven per
poos were humied as heretics, and many morn
punished by fine, confiscation, and imprison
meut? Tho powerless state of the legislature
and of ths judicial tribunals is evident, from
the com of Sir Nicolas Thiogmorton, who was
tried on suspicion of having aided Hyatt's coo j
Hpiraoy and acquitted, on whioh the Queen
imprisoned the jury, and fined them?some
?1 000, and others ?2 000 Under such a sys
tew there could U no security for property or
personal fioedont.
The reign of Elisabeth, glorious by the
naval victory over the Armada, the circumnav
igat ion of the globe by Drake, and the coloni
ration of transmarine (possessions, wan as dee
potio as that of her tyrannical father. Perlia
meat was debated . its huso hie, nay, abject re
momtrsnces were toorned : its voioe was mere
ly consultative, and ths fear of offending the
Queen paralysed sotion. Two facts suffice to
point the spirit of the epoeh Wentworth wss
?Ant lo the Tower for having asked if the Par
liament had the right of deliberating in pri
vate, and if the Privy Counc I could change the
law*. A Star Chamber was established ; it was
a tribunal of ultimate appeal dependent on the
Court
H iring the whole period of the Tudor dy
nasty, ths Government of England must be
considered ss pree'.icolly an absolute Govern
ment; for though the forms of freedom remain
ed, the soltstauoe had disappeared. The nobili
ty were bribed into submission, and they sub
mitted to any indignity, lest resistance might
deprive of the church land* so newly acquired;
the people leered the return of Papal power
more than the despotism of the tbrtme, and
were grateful to ens tyrant fir having relieved
them from another. But though Parliament
wa> mute arid the law powerless during this
degrading epoch, nevertheless, the seeds of politi
oal revolution had been sown. The social
state, both in the rsletions of property and in
falbgence, bad undergone silent but remarks
hie change* Serfdom had eeassd There hud
been great improvements in agriculture, lbs
toot eoysges had opened up new sources of
trade and enterprise '(loiooi/atiou had struck
deep rem The influence of (be clergy had de
pressed Print.i.,' had instructed and invigom
l?d intellect, and men Who determined to think
for themselves re matters of religion were fill
tp prepared to think for iheamltA in matters
Then aro*e that new element
??? er-Oett, wht.-h we call puHn nj?nion ami
whiuh esi-erienc* has proved to be the only sta
bio Lam *f authority and institutions. J
4s the Staarts smwMeded to the despotism id
M Tadors, it ftnfe* snrptWng that they bed
notion i f the prerogative
to have believed
for Ihe King, and
for Mm People Their errors
to esrtlm ? precedent*
? ioitetd of tho actual wants ami temper of
the age in whioh they lived. James 1 won
not aware that a revolution iu society had
been operating, which was hood to manifest
I itself by overt acts He never realised in hiM
wind the idea of progress?never took into)
account the diffusion of intelligence, and the
moral independent produced by tho accumu
lation of property. So convinced wan this
monarch that he Htood to hi* subject* in the
relation of a master to hiu slaves, that, in 1H2I,
he told Parliament " that he wished them to
understand that their privileges were derived
from the grace and permission of him and his
ancestors;" and when the same Parliament
protected, that "the libertine, franchises, privi
leges, and jurisdictions of Parliament are tho
ancient and undoubted birthright and inherit
ance of the subjects of England," the King
wan bo enraged that he sent for the journal*,
and, in presence of his Council, tore out their
Iirotest with his own hands, and commanded
lis own private viewH to be recorded in the
council-book. On all occasions he treated the
Houee of Commons with thA most marked oon
tempt, and oven wrote a letter to tho Speaker,
: in which he severely reprimanded the iuom
i bent for debating matters far beyond their ca
i pacity; and when they ventured to remonstrate,
: he sternly said that their proceedings more re
j seiuhled a denunciation of war, than the con
I duct of dutiful subjects
Under the tuition of such a father, it is not
wonderful that Charles I should have imbibed
the most extravagant notions of kingly power,
talieving it to rest on divino right. When he
ascended tho throne, he found an exhausted
exchequer, and had to solicit an adequate rev
enue from u scrupulously parsimonious Parlia
ment. The Commons were determined to bring
tho contest with the prerogative to an issue,
| and nuw plainly that their sudoess dopended on
I a battle of finance. Tho King, crippled in his
i resources, levied his feudal dues with excessive
i rigor, and even attempted to revive the ancient
| forest laws. As no prescription could be plead
ed against the royal title, Charles resumed pos
session of many of the ray al forests, and by that
act roused the opposition of tho land-owners to
his Government. At tho same time, religious
zeal reared itself against the Crown, while
merchants and traders, fearful of tho extent to
which ship-money and tonnage and poundage
might be pushed, joined in hostility against the
prerogative.
In the session of 1628, the King, highly in
censed at the small sums of money granted him
by Parliament, declared, " That if they did not
do their duty in contributing to the necessities
of the State, he must, in discharge of his oon
soienoe, use those other means which God had
put into his hands, in order to save that which
the follies of some particular jnen might other
wise put in danger."
The Commons, nothing daunted, passed a
law, called the Petition or Riuht, in which
they enumerated all the arbitrary exactions of
the prerogative, among which the principal
grievanoes were forced loans, lienevolences, tax
es without consent of Parliament, arbitrary irn
ftrisonments. billeting of soldiers, and martial
aw; and, disclaiming any intention of attack
ing the just rights of the prerogative, insisted
that those rights should be strictly defined.
Against this bill the King struggled hard; but.
after open resistance and covert evasion had
been exhausted, he was compelled to yield his
assent
[to BK CONCLUDED to MORROW.|
THE PHK88 OF OHIO OK THE NEBRASKA
QUESTION
Cincinnati, March 18, 1854.
To the Editor of the National Era :
The Free Democratio papers of the State,
numbering twenty in all, arc of oourae decided
ly and heartily opposed to the bill. The Whig
papers are equally unanimous in opposing it.
Of the Old Line Democratic press, the follow
ing are opposed to the bill: Daily and weekly
Ohio State Democrat, Toledo Republican, San
dusky Mirror, Hillsboro' Gazette, Chillicothe
Advertiser, (weekly.) Ironton Timet, Fremont
Democrat. Seneca Advertiser, Norwolk Experi
ment, Canfield Sentinel, American Union, Ohio
Democrat, Stark Democrat, Holme* Free Press,
Akron Standard, Wyandot Pioneer, People's
Fountain, Defiance i)emocrat. Williams' Item,
Lima Argu*, McArthur Democrat, Clerment
Sun, Mansfield Sh?eld, Medina Mirror, Ohio
Patriot, Cad t Sentinel, Democratic Companion,
Democratic Transcript, Wayne County Demo
crat, Ashland Union, Hancock Sentinel, Hock
ing Srntmel, Henry Northwest, Ottakee Union,
Paulding Democrat, Kenton Northwest, Xenia
News, Mount Vernon Hanner, Adams County
Democrat, Kalida Venture, Noble County Pa
triot?forty-one in all
The German Press of the State, as far as we
are aware, are also opposed to the bill. A large
number of the neutral press speak out against
it in strong terms Among those is the Daily
Commercial, of this oity, the most widely ciren- ?
lated pa|>er in the West; the Daily Columbian,
the Daily Capital City Fact, of Columbus ; and
a large number of weekly papers. The reli
gions press have also Itorne a strong testimony
against the measure
Mr. Reemelin's great speech at oar late anti
Nebraska meeting has Iteen published entire
in the (gazette, and also translated into Ger
man, and published in the VolkshloU, the lead
ing German paper of this city.
The Ohio Statenman claimed Mr. Pogh's
election to the Senate as a Nebraska triumph.
A large numlter of Democratic members in
lioth Houses have ?trongly resented this an
nouncement, and have given the Statesman to
understand that they will allow no such con
struction to lie put on that election Mr. Pugh.
it is understood is not committed on that ques
tion, and irtands ready to follow what shall
seein to lie the voice of the People. Mr. Pugh
was the leading spirit in the Legpilature that
elected Mr. Chase, and repealed the Ohio black
laws. If Judge Douglas regards Mr. Cheae7*
election as a corrupt bargain, he will be com- ,
polled to have one-of these 44corrupt bargain
era" as his associate, in the person of Mr.
Pugh
Anti-Nebraska resolutions are now under
discussion in our Legislature
Mr. Follett, Democratic Senator from Lick
ing ooontf. has made an able speech against
Douglas's hill. Mr Sherman. Free Democrat
ic Senator from Ashtabula, has delivered a
powerful speech on the qoention. It is repre
sented by men of all parties as one of the
ablest speeches that has tieen delivered in the
Ohio Senate for years Mr Sherman is a man
who is destined to make his mark in Ohio.
Yonrs, kc? K.
P. 8. A large meoting of the I democracy of
this oity is tn he held at Greenwood Hall, next
Friday evening, to protest against the Nebras
ka bill. A call is in circulation, numermisly
signed, and eminent Democratio speakers are
invited.
American Citizenship?'The Secretary of
Stale, in answer to an interrogatory prd^ound
ed to him on a pant of American eitixenship,
gives hie opinion " that every person born in
the United States must he considered a eitir.en
of the United States, notwithstanding fM at
U>tli nf his parents may have been alien at Mm j
time of his birth. This is in na&irmity with
the KngKsh common law, which law is gene
, rally acknowledged in this ennntry. And a
person horn of alien parents, it is presumed
would he considered a natural-born citixen of
the United State*, in the language of the Con
1 stitutoon, so as to make him eligible to the
a lj ?f
rrwpuwpf
So, aooording to Mr. Mercy, native horn
black* are oitasene, after all ?Ed Em,
tE^""Ths Daily Era can bo bad every morning
at the Periodical Stand of Mr. J. T. Batms, 101
change, Philadelphia; alao, the Weekly lira.
0&~ Mr. Jam its Ki.i.iott in authorized to receive
and receipt tor ouhaeriptioui and advertiveuienta for
the Daily and tt^e Weekly Naiimial Era, in Cincin
nati and vicinity.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
THURSDAY, MARCH 23, 1854.
HOW IT WILL WOBK?A GLAMCK AT THE
FUTURE.
Let uh suppose that, the anti alien clause of
tho Nelmukti Kill having t?een stricken out,
the measure haH patuted both Houses of Con
gross, received the sanction of the President,
and^teoome a law.
Now, says the slaveholder, we shall have
poaoe. i'hero will be no more Congressional
intervention with Slavery. The vexed question
is excluded from the halls of representation.
There is an end of agitation.
A word on that point, says the Northern
man. Your cherished principle is Non-Inter
vention by Congress with the subject of Sla
very?to tho States and to tho Territories that
question is committed. Wo shall hold you to
this principle. To maintain it when its appli
cation suits your convenience or interest, and
deny it when it may work to our benefit, will
not answer. There must be no discrimination.
The principle, without qualification, you have
asserted and established?wtyhall not permit
you to qualify or limit its legitimate conse
quences.
First, then, we demand tho repeal of the
act of Congress of 1801-2, by which the
slave code of Maryland was re enacted in this
District. Slavery here rest^upon that code';
that code rests upon a special act of Congress;
that aot is intervention with the question of
Slavery, and the principle of Non-intervention
requires its repeal. This demand we shall
continue to urgo, and you shall have no peace
till it be complied with.
Seoondly. The Fugitive Slave Law of I860
is a clear violation of the principle. To tic
States and to the Territories you have referred
the ontire question of Slavery; we now agree
in this reference. To say the least, the que?
tion whether Congress has the power to legis
late for tho reclamation of fugitive slaves, is
just as doubtful as the quostion whether it has
the right to legislate for Territ)rios. You
take the grouud of atriot construction in
the latter case; we take the same ground in
the former; and, as yon have established the
principle that Congress ought not to intervene
in any form in regard to Slavery, we insist
upon its application in the repeal of the Fugi
tive Slave Law, a most odious act of Congres
sional intervention. Let the States and the
Territories regulate the matter of escaping
slaves for themselves. Are they not quite as
eapable of acting wisely in the premises as
Congress t How dare you array yourselves
against Popular Sovereignty and State Rights?
^ ou are anxious to exolude agitation from the
Halls of Congress; but this cannot be done,
so long as Congress shall persist in violating
the prineiple of Non-intervention, by usurping
the powers belonging to the States and the
Territories over the subject of fugitives from
Slavery.
Thirdly. The law regulating the coastwise
slave trade, prescribing the amount of tonnage
in the vessels engaged in transporting slaves
from one port to another of the United States,
is a palpable violation of the Principle, and
we shall give Congress no rest till it erase it
from the Statute Book.
Fourthly. The Laws abolishing the foreign
Slave Trade, and making participation in that
traffic by American citrons, piracy, are in
clear violation of the Prinoiple. They inter
fere wantonly with the domestio institutions of
the Sooth, impliedly question tho humanity of
the People of the Sooth, unjustly discriminate
!?etween one kind of property and another,
fasten a stigma upon, the klaveholding States,'
are repugnant to Popular Sovereignty and
State rights. The subject is one belonging
exclusively to the States and Territories, and
should be left with tbcm to deal with seed
ing to their own judgment It is a fair pre
sumption that they understand best what their
own dignity and welfare demand Carry out
your Principle of Non-intervention, and repeal
these obnoxious Laws Lot the State or Ter
ritory decide for itself whether it will import
or exclude slaves This the Prineiple of Non
intervention requires.
Fifthly. As the subject of Slavory in the
Territories of the Union is excluded from Con
grew. we shall commence agitation among the
People, whom your aet empowers to form and
regulate their institutions, In their own way
We are aware that by inserting the proviso
"*?hject to the Cnnntitntion of the United
Staleyou covertly intended to prevent them
from excluding Slavery. But there are two
sides to that question. The Northern men who
joined yon in pairing the Hill, held that the
Proviso imposed no disability upon the inhabit
ants of a Territory, in relation to Slavery, for
a law eicluding it would not lie repugnant to
the Constitution of the United States. That is
just what we think. We, Northern Psople,
numbering some fourteen millions of freemon,
while yon, Slaveholders, oount not more than
three hundred thousand heads, hold that the
Federal Constitution doe* not oarry Slavery
with it, or that you have the right, in virtne of
it, to take your slaves into United State* Terri
tory, or that the Territorial legislatures will
violate that instrument by excluding your
alaves You told us that the Principle of Non
Intervention was established?that the Peoplo
of a Territory wore to have tho right to form
?nd regulate their own institutions Very
well?we take you at your word, and shall pro
ceed according to the only fair construction of
the aot, to laltor for the exclusion of Slavery
from every foot of United States 'Territory.
W ith a large and enterprising free population,
receiving an accession yearly of some three or
four hundred thousand Slavery-hating people
lr.?m abroad, we intend, to take possession of
the Territories, plant Frea Lalw>r in them, and
agitate till we succeed in establishing laws for
the perpetual prohibition of Slavery. We shall
not limit our e nterprise to the northern por
tioos of such I erritoricH, but go below as well as
al*?ve the line of M dag 30 ?,jn. Before the
passage of this act, we Mt somewhat restrain
ed by an implied uuderetanding that the I er
ritory Mow 36 deg. 30 min. wan to be surren
dered to t?l*ve lubor j but thin act reloaaoH uu
from any such restraint, by recognising the
right of the People everywhere to determine
and regulate their own institutions. 1 lie ooun
try west of Arkansas, a large portion ol 1 exas,
and the tract of land your Gadsden Treaty
proposes to buy at an enormous prioe, for dis
union purposes, will all wen a wide field for
Anti-Slavery agitation atul free labor institu
tutions.
Your policy is, by this Principle of Non-1 n
terveutiorf, to extinguish agitation against Sla
very, hem in and paralyse free labor institu
tions, and extend the area and augment the
power of Slavery. We will show you that
Non-intervention has two sides to it. You
trample upon all compromises?no restraint
imposed by the wisdom of our I1 atbers on the ex
tension of Slavery, will you regard overy
compact, by which, in consideration ot certain
concessions to Slavery, certain advantages were
to be secured to Freedom, you have swept
away. Wo we thus releasod from all hono
rary obligations j you force upon us a naked
struggle, band to hand, between Proe Labor
and $lave Labor, betweon Freedom and Sla
very, between Northern Power and tho Slave
Power, and the scene of that struggle is to be tho
Ternary of the United States. We take up
the gauntlet?look to yourselves?God defend
the rightJ
We shrink not, Bay the Slaveholders. We
control the Administration, and the Adminis
tration appoints the Governor, who can veto
the will of any majority of the Territorial
Legislature, less than two-thirds j also the
judges, who will havo the right to decide on
tke constitutionality of its acts. Agitate as
nuch as you please, you will first havo to ovor
jome the veto preragotive of our Governor ;
and, should you succeed in this, baffle the vigil
ance apd acumen of our Judges. And depond
upon it, we shall always take care to have
Governors and Courts that will carry out our
views of the Constitution.
That is tho game, is it? replies our Northern
friend. You bring baok the agitation, then,
from the Territories to the States, and conoen
trato it at Washington. What you moan, then,
by yoar Prinoiple. is, Non-Intervention by the
Federfcl Legislature, not Non-intervention by
! the Federal Executive. You intend to thrust
' this Slavery Question into National politics, as
a basis of Party, as a bond of union between
you aid your allies, as a test of fitness for the
; Presidency. As you will?here, too, we will
1 meet you. Since you intend to fill the Presi
dency with a man pledged to baffle the will of
the People of the Territories, to appoint for
th?m Governors and Judges who will prevent
them from excluding Slavery, and forming their
ovn domestic institutions to Buit themselves, we
wil intend just the contrary. We will go for
Non-intervention out and out. We will make
it the issue of every election for the Presidency
On our banners we will inscribe, Non Interven
tion by Congress or tke Federal Executive with
Slavery in ike Territories?election of Temto.
rial Governors and Judges by tke People : or, if
this should not suit you, we will seek to fill the
Presidential Chair with a man pledged so to
constitute the Executive and Judioial depart
ments of the Territories, as to allow full and
free oourw to the will of the Peoplo.
What say you, gentlemen ? How do you
like this exhibition of the workings of your fa
vorite Principle of Non Intervention ? What a
miserable dslmrion?that it will relieve you
I from agitation! Turn this agitation out of
Congress, and you have only aroused it in the
Territories; sod your efforts to arrest it there,
only bring it back to Washington, to shake
the Federal Executive, and involve National
Politics.
The truth is, Slavery and Democracy are
eternal antagonisms, and the attompt to har
monixe them in one system, to equable them,
must forever prove an al>ortion. What one
gains, the other loses laws operating to the
benefit of one must damage the other.
H is imposmble in one system of Govern
ment to pursue a policy which shall equally
promote the mterests of free labor and the in
terests of slave labor which shall carry for
ward, fori passu, the power and influence of
the men who work for themselves, and the
men who iqake others work for them. The
incorporation of*two elements so fundament
ally opposite in nature, generating habits so
different, wants so variant, and demanding
policies so directly hostile to each other, must
engender perpetual strife, dissension, and agi
tation. Each will be forever striving for the
mastery, and the struggle can bo decided only
by easting out one or the other. So long
M the slaveholders insist upon making the
General Government responsible for Slavery
and subservient to it, in its fundamental law?
the Constitution?in its statute laws, in its jo
dicial decisions, in its diplomaoy, there will
be and there ought to be, political Anti Sla
very agitation. They can havo rest from
Mich agitation, only by consenting that the
idea of Liberty shall be supreme in the Fede
Val Government, in all its Departments, in
all its action, and Slavery b? limited to the
States in which it exists, completely divorced
from the Federal Power, asking nothing from
it, and never seeking to use it for its sectional
purposes _
THE GADtDK* T*KATY
There are rumors that this treaty, now under
discussion in the Senate, has given ri?-e to a
very heated discussion. Some of the stanch
supporters of the Administration havo rebelled
against it General Shields, it is said, com
menoed, yesterday, a strong speech in opposi
tion. From what we can gather, we inter that
the Treaty is associated with, schemes for a
dissolution of the Union, and that, such revela
tions have been made in ooonc etion with it, oh
to startle and offend even the most subservient
of Northern men. We have long believed that
under oolor of this Treaty the United States
Treasury was to be plundered to promote some
dark scheme of Southern nnlliflers, involving,
with other matters, a Southern roote to the
Pacific for a great railway. Time will deter
mine * ?
Mr. Win Mathiot died in a fit of apoplexy,
in Lancaster, last Saturday evening.
The legislature of I<o?Msana hare appropri
ated ten thousand dollars for the onconrage
1 ment of s^ip building in that State
THK VOTE OH THB REFERENCE OF THE HE
BRABlfA BIT.
The advocates of the Bill do not appear to
be disheartened. They do not regard the vote
referring it to the Committee of the Whole on
the wtate of the Union, an decisive. Nor do
we, and for reasous explained yesterday. There
iti great danger of over-oonfidenoe among the
opponents of the Bill. Some, we observe,
thinking everything is secure, have gone home
for a season to their constituents or families.
We hope no mischief may happen?but they
should romembor that the patfe-age of the Bill
is a matter of life or death with its projectors?
that the whole reputation and politioal future
of its authors are staked upon it?that the
Administration is using all its power in its be
half?that the Southern members, with a few
exceptions, arc desperately bent upon it.
The House Bill on the same subject is the
twentieth on the Calendar. A majority may
lay aside one after another of the intervening
bills, and reach that, before peoplo are aware
of it. Nothing will be easier then than to
move the Senate Bill as an amendment, or sub
stitute?and, if our friends arc at home, at
tending to their business or oomforts, the same
majority may resolve to terminate debate on
tho Bill in Committee, and take it out. Ab
sence at such a orisis, unless necessary, ought
not to be thought of?and it seems to us that
no opponent of the Bill, under any circumstan
ces, should absent himself, without taking the
precaution to pair off with a supporter of it.
C0H0RE8S.
The Senate is not now the focus of attrac
tion. It went into Executive session at an
early hour to-day, and thg results of its labors
in such cases may often be known by the peo
ple, when they discover ? that Executive en
croachments but tend to lighten the labors of
their legitimate legislators. When vast re
gions of territory may be obtained by pur
chase, the negotiations are conducted in secret,
and the people's money is so used, with or
without their assent. When they oannot be so
obtained, "American blood is soon spilled upon
American soil," or a steamer with a defective
manifest is sent abroad, and then the sovereign
people, under the rule of austere military com
manders, are kindly permitted to, fight for a
peace, and an incidental and unavoidable an
nexation of territory.
In tho House of Representatives to-day, Mr.
Millson made an ingenious speech, chiefly in
opposition to the Badger Proviso. He was
followed by Mr. Hunt, the able and dignified
Representative from Louisiana, who took posi
tion in favor of preserving the Missouri Com
promise and the Faith of the Nation.
DEATH OF MAJOR H0BB1E
Major Selab R. Hobbie died this morning
at his residence in this City. From the period
of General Jackson's aoqpsion to the Presi
dency to the monfent of Bis death, Major Hob.
bie was almost uninterruptedly in the service
of the Post Office Department, as an Assistant
Postmaster General, or in some other position
of high responsibility. Hia services to the
country while thus engaged always merited the
commendation of his countrymen. As a citi
zen and a gentleman, and in all the relations
of life, be has ever been respected, and his
memory will long be cherished in kindnetv by
the people of this community, in the mid*t of
whioh so many years of his life were passed.
Capitol, March 23, 1854.
Hkar Sir : I would be pleased if you would
oorrect a statement in your paper, that I was
amongst the absentees or dodgers on the refer
ence of the Nebraska bill, as I think yon will
find my name recorded on every vote, or at
least it should be.
Respectfully, yours,
Jno. McCulloch.
Dr. (*. Hailey.
We are happy to oorrect our errors. The
name of Mr. McCulloch is recorded in favor
of the reference of the Bill to the Committee
of the Whole on the state of the Union. Ed.
Era
|COMMUmrATKD.|
MRS ERNESTINE L. ROSE
We have been informed that, owing to tho
unfavorable state of the weather last evening,
Mrs. Rose postponed her lecture on the politi
cal and legal rights of woman until Friday
evening, the 24th inntant
A correspondent of the Boston Liberator, in
alluding to the Woman's Kights Convention
recently held at Albany, makes the following
remark relative to one of her speeches:
" Mrs. Ernestine I, Ro?c made the closing
address?a most noble and powerful effort. I
never saw an audience more absorbed in their
attention, more hearty in their applause, more
subdued at times in their feelings, more oarried
onward and upward by the exalted sentiments
of the speakor."
We hope our eititens will give this lady a
good hearing. We understand that she has
extended an invitation to the members of Coo- j
gress.
Ciibck or theNkrraska Bii.l.?Every true
republican will be rejoiced to learn that the
nefarious plot for extending Slavery to the
Northern frontier of this Republic has sustain
ed a serions check. The object of its friends
was to pr<?cure its reference to the C?immittee
on Territories, a majority of which has been
gained to its support. Mr. Riohardson, of Illi
nois, introduced it yosterday afternoon, and
moved its reference to that committee An
amendment ww offered by Mr. Cutting. (Hard
Shell,) of New York, that it be referred to the
Committee of the Whole on the stato of the
Union. This amendment prevailed, by a ma
jority of sixteen !
V* c may now regard the bill as safely laid
up, for at least a couple of months It has
many and determined enemies ; and to throw
it int?S Committee of the Whole, where all
amendments are in order, is like referring a
doubtful reputation to a bevy of tea drinking
old ladies, or tosting a hare in the midst of a
psck of hounds. If the bill emerges as it went
in, it will be ono of the world's wonders.
Philculelphm Register.
The steamer Blaek Warrior is owned most
ly in Mobil*, bnt partly in New York, and is j
worth some SI 25,000.
Spain has eleven hundred guns in the im
mediate vicinity of Havana, and eighteen thou- I
sand men.
|
The yachl America, which woo such tri- j
uraphs in sailing, is advortised to be sold in
I.ondon in April, at anotion.
Susan Nipper says the Russians have an
awful responsibility resting on them for killing
the Turks?for every Turk who is killed leavw
a doren widows.
SANTA ANNA AND HIS KM PIRN
Santa Anna, it U .aif ha. ?n? anorder*
M??? Am?s tho great ?-??
of Springfield, Massachusetts, for two hundred
guns, of from ten to fifteen
Ld that the paymentof the order^thwh, of
course, include- the supply of a vast.am onnt
of ammunition, musketry, revobew. &c ie to
be made oontipgent on the parage of the tads
den treaty ?Exchange.
So that Santa Anna's ability to maintain a
Government of foroed authority and tyranny,
depends upon our supplying him with the
means. It is thus we extend tho area of free
dom!
On this subject, the North American re
marks :
? Every arrival from the land of Montezuma
and Pizarro brings fresh rumors of the mpe- ,
rial preparations of Santa Anna. H j
intelligence be true, the event is a contingency
resting not upon the dangers of opposition of I
a domestic nature?for none snob ?*e appre
hended or firobable?but upon the raUtioation ;
of the Gadsden treaty by the United * tate.^
It seems that 'His serene highness has the
whole affair out and dried beforehand, but he
has reached the bottom of the national troas
urv?at all times an exceedingly shallow one?
and he is at his wit's end for the means of
carrying out his plans, without endangering ,
the stability of his power. Even the taxation
which is rendered absolutely nccessary ^ the
suDDort of any Government is paid grudgmg
ly, and occasions a cloud of dwsatwfactaon
among 'His serene highness'*' Bubjects But
if he can get from the Treasury of the United
States the money which the Gadsden treaty
calls for, he will be enabled to fulfil his inten
tion of self-aggrandizement, and convert the
Mexican republic into an empire.
? This gives rise to tbe question. Ought we to
be the agents of his designs ? The Gadsden
treaty is at best of doubtful value, and gives
an enormous sum of money for a comparative
ly limited extent of territory, which is at pres
ent not only utterly valueless to Mexico, but
very costly to her, on account of the warlike
character of its Indian tribes and their con
tinual depredations upon the white settlemente.
It would be more proper for the Mexican Gov
ernment to pay us for ridding that nation of
the burden of defending Buoh a region, than
for us to pay for its acquisition. 1he sum of
money, too, is sufficient 10 pay tor much more
territory, if that be the great consideration. It
is equal to the cost of the vast Louisiana pur
chase?a fact which speaks for itself againBt
the treaty, without needing any comment.
Another item of recent news deserves to be
borne in mind. It is to the effeot that Santa
Anna purposes compensating Mexioo for the
loss of her northern possessions by the seizure
of the States of Central America. Divided and
distracted as are those feeble Republics, it is
altogether improbable that they could offer any
formidable resistance to such an army as Santa
Anna would have it in his power to send
against them: for, with the money to bepaid
by the United States under the Gadsden treaty,
he oould pay his troops in such a way as would
secure him any required number of men.
Moreover, the intelligence comes from Central
America itself, where it is said that the plan !
of annexation finds many adherents. Among
others who are alleged to be in the plot, we
find the name of Genoial Carrera, the Dictator
of Guatemals, and tho ablest commander yet
produced by Central America. It seems ex
traordinary that such a man, who is believed
to be absolute within his own Slate, should
join in a scheme which would render him a
subject and inferior of Santa Anna; but such
strange combinations occur in these Spanish
Amerinan countries, that it is difficult to tell
what to believe and what to disbelieve.^ His
power may be failing in his own State, or Santa
Anna may have held out strong inducements
to him. ? ...
? One thing is certain?that this scheme, it
eucoessful, will prove seriously detrimental to
the interest of the United States. One of the
routes for shortening tbe travel between the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans passes, in its
whole extent, through Central America^ With
Mexioo in possession of this and the Tehuante- ,
pec route, we should have no other approach
toour own Paoific possessions at the present
time, except across Panama, or around Capo
Horn, or tUugh the perils of the great West
em wilderness It does not seem at all improb
able that Santa Anna will attempt the exeou
tion of this conquest; for if the Gadsden treaty
be ratified, he must havo something to oHaet
the loss of territory he thus permits and to
preserve his popularity among the Mexican
people. Without the aid with which that
treaty will furnish him, his power will proba
bly not last longer than six months as the in
surrections in various quarters of the country
plainly indicate. But with it, be will be able
to import foreign mercenaries, and to
all such outbreaks A former Dam??cratie Ad
ministration admitted him into Mexioo in the
hope of using him against his country, and
sadly did he disappoint their expectations An
other Democratic Administration seems now
to be trying its hand with him again, and with
a similar prospect of success. His fertility in
expedients of every description does not appear
to l*e sufficiently understood or appreciated by
our present rulers - . j
WHOSE OFFSPRING IS IT?
The Richmond Enqmkr denies the Demo
cratic paternity of the Homestead bill, whioh
gives no home to a colored man. It says
We observe a disposition on the part of the
Whig press of the State to represent the Home
stead bill as a Democratic measure. How lit
tie foundation there is for this assumption. ,
will appear from an analysis of tho vote both on
the proposition to lay the bill on the table and
on its passage:
Vole to Lay on the Table.?Yeas?hemoorat*
46, Whigs 15, Independent 1? total 62.
Na\s?D^nocrats 77, Whigs 43, Free Soil
4?total 12C
Vote on the PaMtg* of the Hill.?} oa?? Dem
ocrats 70, Whigs 37?total 107.
Nays? Democrats 52, Whigs 18, Free Soil
4, Independent 1?total 72.
It is thus shown that the proportion of
Whig rotes for the bill is groater than the
proportion of Democratic votes.
We have but little hope of the defeat ot the
bill. The conservatism of the Senate will hard
ly reject so plausible an appeal to popular pas
sion King Caucus js no longer monarch; the
more soft, subtle, and persuasive ' "?ee ot
Demagoguism now reigns supreme in tho prov
ince of politics. . *
4t is barely possible that the measure may
lie arrested by Executive veto. -
The treaty mnde with the Indians has been
sent in* the Senate for ratification It *? un- [
derstood that in this treaty the Indians have
stipulated that, should any one of their nnm
bet be guilty of using l.uuorsto j
exoess his annuity should be withheld from
him until he had reformed. If this provision
can be carried oot, it will have a decided ten
dency to prevent drunkenness among them.
' Daily Globe.
Tha above is a practical application of the
Maine law . and tf the provision is faithfully
carried oot, it no doubt ' will have a decided
tendency to prevent drunkenness ' ^
? poor Indian*" The fact that the stipulation
origiruiftd with the Indian* j
New York Commercial Advertmr.
From the Philadelphia Daily Kegimer.
DAVID PAUL BBOWN OK THE MI8SOUHI
QUEtriOH.
I hirty-throe yearn ago, the most generous
hearts of our nation were heating high with
desire to prevent the dishonor of our country
l?y the extension of Staiary. The same argu
ments were urged then that aro urged now,
and with eloquent earnestness. Philadelphia!*
wwre then an now, brave in defence of our re
publican honor. In an old volume of the
National Magazine, we find a speech made in
1820 bv David Paul Brown, Esq., of our oity
Most of it is appropriate to our own times, and
the whole sounds like a Senatorial speech of
our own day on the Nebraska bill. The fol
lowing extraot shows that the orator had a
prophetic soul:
" Bat," Bay the advooates of Slavery, " the
poison is not strengthened by being diluted ; it
matters not whether the slaves are in Virginia,
Georgia, or in Missouri; or over what extent
of country they may be spread?the number is
still the same." It matters much, I apprehend.
It inflicts another and a cureless wound upon
our national oharacter; it invites invidious for
eign Powers to deeoant largely upon our re
publican theory and practical despotism; hot
indejKjndent of all this, the opposite argument
is utterly illusory, fallacious, and unfounded.
I be importation of slaves will increa-e in pro
portion to onr demands for them, like that of
all other merchantable commodities. Their
souls and sinews will be worth more, as the
neocfcsitios for their services are enlarged; and
their enhanoed value, though it may not " buy
?.u' ?ke law," will induce muny to venture it's
violation, and at 4east enable some with impu
nity to escape.
If, with the present temptations to this ne
farious traffic, the General Government ac
knowledges its inability to suppress it, would
it not be madness to hope to extenuate or sub
duo the enormity by offering it a legal pass
port a wider shelter, and a richer reward ?
But it is not morely the increase of slaves that
is to bo dreaded?it is the influence of Slavery.
Territories and new States aro gonorally peo
pled with emigrants and adventurors from all
parts of the world, and particularly from the
old States ; who, in the course of time, swayed
by example and interest, those two great in
centives to human aotion, and losing sight of
their conscientious Bcruples, if any they ever
possessed, become tinotured with local preju
dices, and, consequently, exert every faculty
and nerve in support of this growing and
groaning curse. Hence, the suggestion that
the distribution of the slaves now in the Uni
ted States oould produoe no greater moral or
politioal injury than their continuance in their
present situation, is erroneous.
The British Flkkts.?The war prepara
tions in Great Britain are on the most exten
sive soale. On the 4th of March there were
anchored at Portsmouth fifteen ships, carrying
800 guns, and more were collecting. Thirteen
ships were also expected to rendezvous imme
diately at Spithead. All have thoir foil com
plement of men, and at the last dates wcrp
busily engaged in artillery practice. The
"Duke of Wellington," a threo-decker of 130
guns, is to be Admiral Napier's flag-ship. The
victualling of the fleet was going on rapidly,
and all leaves of absence had been prohibited.
The letter-writerB speak in warm terms of the
gunnery. In one ease?that of the Dragon?
they hit the bull'e-eye twice with their eighty
four pounders, and struck the target several
times, and fiL ally shot it away, at a distance
*of 800 yards. The reader may infer from all
this, what may be expected in the event of a
conflict..
BV THE MORNING'S MAIL.
New Hampshire Election.
Concoro, March 22.?The New Hampshire
Patriot claims the election of 160 Democrats
to 145 opposition members. It concedes, how
ever, that several members, claimed as Demo
crats, were elected in opposition to the regu
lar Democratic nominations. The positive po
sition of parties will not be accurately aiiccr
tained until the meeting of the Legislature.
Fudge! The Concord Democrat hoc exposed
this game.?Ed. Erv.
y
Prohibitory Liquor Law.
Albany, March 22?The Maine Law, or
Prohibitory Liquor Bill, goes into effect on the
l?t ?f May. The members from New York city
stated that it might possibly t>e enforced ir\Jht*
rural districts, but that it would not be re
garded and oould not be enforced in the city
of New York. We shall see !
Fatal Railroad Occident.
Albany, March 22?The down trsin from
Buffalo, when at Syracuse, ran at full spei d
upon a side track, pitching into an empty
of cars. The engineer, and ??ne | aven
ger, an Indian, were instantly killed The tire
man was badly injured, and the cart- demol
ished. The accident was owing to the enre
lesaness of the switch tendor.
Massachusetts Whig Convention.
Boston, March 22.?The Whig Conw-ution
met at Sandwich to day, and nominated I'hos.
D. Elliott, of Now Bedford, to Congress, to fill
the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of
Zaao Seodder. The Convention pasted strong
Anti-Nebraska resolutions.
Judiciary Nomination.
Boston, March 22?David T. Granger,.of
Kastport, has been nominated far Justice of the
Supreme Court of Maine, in pluue of Judife
Weller, resigned
Liquor Hill Passed.
Harrisburu, March 22?The Prohibitory
Liquor bill (mssed the House t t-day, by a tote
of SO to 44, The improsMon is that it will
pass the Senate.
Clerical Interference.?In looking over
some portion of our Bevolutionary history, we
see that the Massachusetts* Provincial Cim; refS
in 1774, composed of such men as Warren,
and Adams, and Hancock, sent an addrrvs to
all the clergymen in the t'rovince, calling op<.n
them, as the friends of eivil and religion* liber
ty, to do all in their power to sustain the cant*
of freedom, and so secure to the people their
rights. And the ^rgy, from a nwe of duty
to their fellow meff and to their (intt, did exert
their influence in favor of freedom anil againnt
oppression ? Hanton Atia*.
?
Cream upon milk is altout the only article
which has not risen of late.
There are upwards of five thousand more
females than males in the city of Boston.
Kggs are Si a do*en in Honolulu, squashes
M) cents a-pieee, and I fish potatoes #3 50 a
bushel.
The small pox is raging with great violence
amongxt the Chippewa Indians along tho south
shore of Lako Superior, and on the head waters
of the Chippewa river.
YOUNff MM Or KNTICR I'M IRK,
IjV>R onlv $1, yen can Recsij.?* for making the
following anperinr Ink*, vl* Blaek, Bin*, Red,
ami Indelible.
Also, with th? al?ore, I wncl grnlit, to any one who
wi?b??, a fall and complete list of Wanton * Ml, Bow
man ? Xt, HuH'f, Bi*hop\ and Bhipman's, Receipt*,
and Ways to Make Money
Addr***, pent paid, M J COOK,
? Crawfordftvillc. Indiana
N B. Agent*, with a capital of f .10 or SAO, waatml
to travel. Feb 1