Daily national era. [volume], March 29, 1854, Image 2

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LITERARY MISCELLANY.
For (hi Nation*! Kr?
HK00LLKCTI0H8 OF MY QBAXDFATHBK'8 HOME
CHAPTER VII.
The Weekly Routine.
" Calm hmm of patrikrohai life ! How lung a power
Your unworn pastoral imaged retain
O'er tho true heart, which in childhood'* hour
Drank their pure froahnou deep ' "
Thtrt'n a homely beauty in rustic I? <?*; and
who does uot recall with pleasure weeks spent
in a thrifty farm house. All the little minu
tiae of the routino of its daily 'life come up to
remembrance, with fond longings for the groon
fields, fresh air, and buoyant health, of the old
taint. Does a person wish to give fcinu to his
blood, and vigor to his muuolw, lot him domca
tioate himaell, with a thorough abmulon, in the
family of a New England farmer. Watering
places present only diluted potions of city life ;
and even fashionable mountain air is antago
nized by genteelly dyspeptic houis.
How ludicrous it is to see people, feigning to
fly from care and dissipation, but establish
themselves in an outer ring of the whirlpool of
fashion !
Gas lights have been waving for months in
town houses; the parks aud lawns begin to
look paruhed and dusty ; the trees rattle their
dry leaves ; the hot brick walls stifle the nar
row streets; the little patches of grass, in the
courts, cease to give their sparkling dewdrop
welcome to the morning itinerant; in short, it
is midsummer in town. Sirius reigns?the
crusty our has cast a glitter over everything,
ha? infused his furor into every animate and
inanimate object. Ilea*', dust, and thirst, suc
ceed to winter's tonic joviality. The human
hydrophobiu is over?the dog-star reigns, aud
canines have it now. Never a spark of excite
ment, save when, on some sweltering day, an un
avoidable festival fills the dusty streets with
oountry uncles and aunts and oouuns innumer
able, who come up to see the town and fash
ions, and go back wondering, naturally enough,
that town people are no better dreaeed and no
better mannered! So the ennuiert sojourners
decamp, en masse, for the country.
And what is the country to them? Ah,
there's the joke. Peter Broker, the man on
'change, the millionaire, whose bowed form,
wrinkled brow, nervous, determined, abstract
ed air, might mark him six months of the year
on the pave, has reachod his goal, if for an
many weeks he may discuss, undisturbed by
himself, future speculations and prime Ha
vana*, in the piazza af some crowded, cara
vaneary-lika hotel; while Misa Seraphina, his
beautiful daughter, checks the unwicldinct-a of
bis punse?and the roses in her cheeks, by lafe
hoars, by breathing the air of orowded dancing
rooms, by anxious flirtatious, by all tho mani
fold demands upon nature, contingent upon
crowded watering places!
The merchant goes back a little recruited,
by a few weeks inertness, hut not renovated;
Miss Soraphina returns, the least shade paler,
slightly more spirit tulle, and quite fades away
daring the spusms of the next winter's mad
uet>s! Peter Broker, and his daughter Sera
phina, go to suck a country, just because the
greater part of the so-called ton do the same
Miing. Six weeks at haying would have left
Peter Broker surplus strength at tho end of
his winter's campaign, and the sanio length of
apprenticeship in a dairy would have saved tho
roses in Miss Seraphina s chocks! Tho young
damsel starts back aghast?but, ah! the snow
white milk is whiter even than her lily hands,
and fresher far than her thin blood!
A second class of oountry-seekers comprises
the keepers up of appearanoes?those who are
eliding down and those who are tottering up
the ladder of fashionable appreciation. These
go the country. Whither away ? Why, en suite
of the tun. of course, thereby adding care and
anxious effort to the cumbersome and exhaust
ing etiquette of watering-place life.
Spurious Peter Broker aits in the piazza, but
smokes teoood-rate cigars; while, alas, his si
lent speculations are of too private a nature
for public avowal! Miaa Sophia, a second
Seraphina, with a few more airs, and a alight
sinister expression, hold* nightly eonclaves,
with her diplomatic mamma, in seoond rate j
apartments, upon the expedienoy of divera mil
linery repairs, and, after tiresome furbiehings
and furbelowings, half dies with envy, to find
herself eclipeed, for the evening, by M iaa Sera
phina the first! Mit-a Sophia would smooth
her features, expedite her matrimonial achemes,
and keep Peter the second from slipping,
ware she to practice her gymnastics in a
lesa public and more economical way, for the
appointed time of ouuntryizing.
Bat by far the greater part of city ontgoers,
and their name ia legion (though Miss Sophia
periodically etyles them nobodin) scatter them
aelves through the little country hamlets,
whither they go (because, forsooth, Peter Bro
ker the first and Peter the seoond went to
Saratoga) to repay, with an unction, the shop
ping excursions of aome fortieth removed ooun
try oou sin Wo to the lucklets housewife,
whose laudable and economical curiosity ha?
entailed upon her suoh a visitation. The eld
era are to be sure generally endurable for the
thrifty graces, having been by ehanoe a plough
boy, and his stylish lady a farmer's daughter;
once away from " what other people say," with
old association* up come old instincte . and, till
they have clin li j up the Ihdder to Peter the
seoond, their summerings in the oountry have
a relish to them
But the jnvenilae?they cairv off the palm
of Soohism ? Lisping dasMela sport their
eitra affectations with impunity, ogle at the
honest country lads, frighten every quadruped
in their path by their screams, and set at de
fianoe aU the laws of decorum in the village
church . while miniature dandies torn the
heads of half the lade in the parish, by their
exquisite (Its, downy mustache*, and incom
ihle accent' Freeh air and early hours
It the'ui, nevertheless. The damsels g<.
to town, with ruees in their cheeks; the
with strength in their muscles, to be
ia future summerings, a la Peter Bro
Sa meet f??r oowntryixing in general. Here
h4 there is an honorable exception. A rich
man. atsree fashion, leaves his oven of a city,
to fad health and strength in nature. His
eoas harden their hands, and hie daaghters
brown their complexions, ia athletic exercise,
while they batter their hearts by living natu
rally with Nature.
And here and there a man of letters domes
ticatea himself in a quiet family, in some out
of-the-world village, while lookers-on wonder
What companionship hs can find there The
past knows?he left his library behind him,
BM to seek a greater and better bonk,
by Gall's own hand, spread open before
80 goes the world now, and so will it go to
the ?nd of time Peter Brokers will wkste
their gains on consumptive, fashion-mad daugh
ters, and the orowd will look gapingly and
anrionsly on. God bless with buoyant health
and happiness the eonla true to nature, who
mk green grass, cod brooks, and fresh flow
era, in lanes and by-ways, and love to linger in
the eaotnees, fieebnees, and verdure.
fasauiMiHM or FNirrici vn to morrow.|
Rousseau has written some
of Russia will endeavor
in the struggle will
Tartar subject*, or
?ara1
bene l
?the American
?Galena, Illinois,
night of the 18th
03-Th. l>aily ?ru can be had .very morning
Period J Stand of Mr. J. T. Bat.., *x
cLg..PhiUd?lphi.;Al.o.tbeWe.k.y/1r<..
fr3- Mr. Ja*?* Kluott U authoriied to receive
?iidreoeipt for .ub-criptioo. and adverti.eu.enU for
the Daily and the Weekly N*tw??l t.ra. in Cincln
rniti and vioiuity.
WASHINGTON, J>- C.
WEDNESDAY, MAKCH W, 1M54
SOUTHEBJ* COMMERCIAL OOBVEMTIOH ? COM
MERCIAL IHDEFE1DEHCE.
'ITie Southern Commercial Contention will
meet iu Charleston, S. C., the second Wodm.*
day in April. The general objeot is, the de
velopment of the resources and advancement of
the interests of the Southern States. Accord
ing to the Charleston Courier, the particular
subjects that will probably ongage the atten
tion of the Convention are?
The increase of intercourse botwecn the in
terior and seaboard, the diversification of slave
holding industry, direct trado between the
South and Kurope, and railroad communica
tion from the Atlantic to the Paoitic, ospecially
as affected by the Gadsden Treaty.
The Political Press of the South seems dis
posed to give tho Convention a semi-political
character. It points to the present attitude of
the North on the Nebraska Question, and " its
arrogant assumption" that the Southern States
shall be excludod from equal rights in the 1 er
ritories of the Union, as full of warning to the
ulave States. It is high time, it says, to pre
pare for the worst, by directing attention to
their own interests, and relying upon their own
resources. They have beon tributary to the
North long enough, suffered enough from tho
unequal action of the Federal Government.
?If we aro content to acknowledge onr mfcri
ority it will matter little what course we may
adopt?a certain and disgraceful destiny awaitB
us. But if wo assert, and under all perils would
maintain, those equal rights and liberties to
which wo were bom., no better beginning oould
bo made, than by shaking off commercial
trammels, and converting every product of
Southern industry to the aggrandiiement and
consolidation of Southorn power." Another
paper remarks ?"The recent outrages upon
Southern rights in New Bedford and Mil
waukie cannot fail to excite the feelings of
the Southern people, and induce them to look
for and sustain all legal and proper measures
calculated to increase their prosperity and
strength. Nothing can so effectually protect
our rights and interests against invasion, as
entire commercial independence of the State*
disposed to insult or injure us."
A Mr. London, of Richmond, Va, in reply
to an invitation to attend the owning Convpn
tion, writes a long letter in the Richmond Kn
tjuirer, in which ho boldly proposes a discrimi
nating tax in the Southern States on goods of
Northern import or protluction! Not much
does he hope from the Convention. u You will
have in your body many men who will tacitly
confess that our vassalage is the result of the
institution of Slavery, and you will find many
projects submitted for the consideration of the
Convention . you will have a report, some reso
lutions, and a good many very eloquent speech
es ; but you will find it end in nothing practi
cal, unless the legislatures of the Southern States
act:' We have had Conventions, he says, at
Richmond, at Baltimore, at Memphis?but cut
bono ? The South is still in vassalage.
? We have, since that time, appropriated
millions of dollars to works of internal im
CmaMnt; some of us have embarked more
gely in foreign trade , but there are not half
a dozen vessel* engaged in our own trade that
are owned in I irginta, and I have bttn unable
to find a vessel at Liverpool loading for Vir
ginia, within three jyar*, during ,he. ?f ?
our busy season. Every foot of railroad and
every yard of canal <5on*truct6d in tho Sooth
era States r* only so much added to the area of
the influence of Ntw York, awl InU htiuls you ;
that much more securely to her bonds. Instead
of th?*e immense improvements resulting in
an enlargement of your foreign commerce, it
it.InU a contribution to your coastng trade, and
results in establishing the calculation as to
how long it will take your shopkeepers to *ct
the productions and importations of New York
into your villages,' all else but this is not con
sidered. As to any one of your improvements
contributing to forward your own importa
tions. that is not thought of at all by your inte
rior shopkeepers ; for, throughout the S?nth, nil
merchants have disappeared, entirely and com
pletely''
Here is a piotnre, drawn by an intelligent
Virginian, of tho state of things in the Old
Dominion.?not half a demon vessels doing its
trade, owned by its own nitiaens?not a vessel j
loading at Liverpool for Richmond or Nor
folk all its railroads and internal improve^
ments the offspring of Northern money?and
instead of stimulating trade with Kurope,
bringing the shopkeepers of Virginia into more
intimate relations with New V ork '
Speeches, resolutions, reports, cannot chsngn
this state of things. The souroe of the mis
chief, Mr. London holds, is the Tariff policy
of the Federal Government. Why this policy
should diveit foreign trade from the South
orn to the Northern seaports, why, under a
system of imposts, equal in all the ports of
the United States, foreign commerce should
leave Savannah, Charleston, Norfolk, and
Richmond, and flow into Nsw York, Philadel
phia, and Boston, he does not explain. The
Federal Government exacts no higher duties
in the former than in the latter, and yet these
monopolies foreign commerce!
The truth is, Northern capital is the life
blood of Southern industry. A country, oon
fining itself to the production of one or two
staples, aad depending for the supply of its
multiform wants, upon the proceeds, most al
ways be tributary to other countries, in which
labor is diversified, and employed in producing
such articles as it must have. The planters in
the British West Indies under the system of j
Slavery, were nlways in debt. Their large ex
portation*, in favorable years, when the sugar
or coffee crop was abundant, enabled them to
repay the heavy advanoes made them by the
merchants in F.ngland, bnt left their estates
?ncuml>ered with mortgages for advance# made
them in seasons of scarcity. The planters of
the South are tributary to Northern capital
Ms, and this is why the prooeeds of their ex
ports, in the shape of foreign imports, find their
way to Northern ports They go to satisfy
the engagements they have contracted there
Could they sm-.-eed in their dream of a direot
trade with Kurope it would not relieve t|j>
from dependence, but merely transfer it from
New York to Liverpool and London, the mer
chants and capitalists of whioh would obtain
the name kind of ooipmeroial control over
them, they once held over the West India
plan tere.
It iii easy to soe that the evils of which the
South complain, spring directly from the pecu
liar form of its Indiwtry, aud that thin in deter
mined by the nature of it* system of Labor,
Judging from what we know of the nature
and working of tlio two systems of Slavo Labor
and Free Labor, in our own country, and from
what history teaches of their workings clse
whore, Free Labor in adapted to divorsified in
dustry, while Slave Labor can be profitably
uHed chiefly in the production of a few staples.
The latter may answer for Planting?the for
mer alone oan meet the various domands of
Farming, Manufactures, tho Mechanic Arts,
and Commerce. No movement, then, short of
a radical change in the labor system of the
South, can build up the Arts, Manufactures,
and Commorco, in that region. So long as it
shall continue slaveholding, its Industry cannot
bo muoh diversified, its consumption must al
ways bo derived chiefly from abroad, and it will
always be more or less tributary to tho coun
tries whioh supply its overy-day wants.
In view of these considerations, how su
premely absurd are the counsels of the oorres
j>ondent of tjie Richmond Enquirer !
"Hospitality and gifted harangues, pompous
resolutions and able disquisitions upon fields of
onterpriso yet to bo opened, will not do the
work. There must bo State action, legislative
enactments by whioh your foreign trade will
be proteoted and fostered against tho perni
oious hand of Federal violence and injustice.
Individual onterpriso oannot doit?the con
struction of railroads will not do it. You live
under a Government that collocts money from
you, aud gives it to the uses of other States;
and until your Legislatures are wise enough
and great enough to oounteract that injustice
by State interposition, your foreign trade will
languish. All tho prosperity which Charleston
has, is tho result oi'jrour act exempting the
importation of goods in vessels owned in South
Carolina from State taxation. This, however,
is a very small contribution to the great object
of rendering us commercially independent of
the North. Tax their importations and exempt
your own, their productions and exempt your
own, and but a few years will elapse before you
wilt find a Southern commerce triumphantly re
covering from its present dilapidation."
" Your State and your town," says Mr. Lon
don, " furnish tho strongest ovidence which
could lie adduced, of the great value of the
simple cnactmen( of a law, apparently value
less upon its face, yet in its practical operations
of the greatest benefit."
"In the year 1832, I think, the Legislature
of South Carolina enacted a law by whioh
goods imported in vessels, owued in South Car
olina, should be exempt from State taxation
upon their sale by the original importer. This
has acted as a check against the injustice of
the Fedoral Government, by giving to your im
porting merchants an exemption from tho lo
cal burdens which those must bear who do
not import their goods in vessels owned in South
Carolina."
Mr. London is rather unfortunate in his se
lection of a case to illustrate tho value of
suoh enactments. Of the wonderful benefits
derived by South Carolina from this law, we
may form some idoa, when we learn from offi
cial documents that tho whole number of ves
sels of all sorts built in South Carolina, in the
year 1852, was precisely seven, with a total
tonnage of 300 ! And that the total value of
the imports into that State, which amounted
to #2,058,870 in 1840. had increased in 1852 to
$2,175,614?an astonishing increase in twelve
years, of SI 17,000 ! #
It is curions to see these Slavery men, so
full of admiration for the principle of Free
Trado in Federal politics, so abounding in ar
guments designed to convinoe the Northern
Democracy that a tax on imports is a tax on
consumption, repudiating the prinoiplo utterly
in State legislation. Hero is a Southern man,
for example, who, without any regard to the
Federal Constitution, which vc.4s in Congress
the power to regulate oommerce with foreign
nations and among the States, and enjoins
that ail duties and imposts shall he oqual, and
in oontempt of the whole scheme of Free
Trade, would induoe the Southern States to
establish the policy of Protection?to tax the
* millions of oonsumers in those States for the
benefit of a few hundred importers in half a
doxen seaports of the South?to make the
planters pay an extra oost for their supplies,
for the pleasnre of having them produced in
Kngland, and brought to them by a Charleston
or Richmond merchant! One is at a loss
which to admire more, the wisdom of this ad
vice, or the profound knowledge of, and respect
it evinoes for, the Federal Constitution.
Hut we need not l?e surprised at any ab
surdity in such a quarter. No one can antici
pate the extremes of folly to which a blind
devotion to Slavery may drive its votaries.
" IGNORANT PROFESSORS AMD INSOLENT
DIVINES" '
"Ignorant professors and insolent divines,
whose brains have never been matured by
practical knowledge, may degrade themselves
and insult the Senate, and outrage the public
intelligence, and disgust the good taste of the
people, by unworthy exhibitions; but they will
not he able to effect anything more than to
?oil themselves."? Washington Sentinel.
Such is the style in whioh a journal at the
seat of Government, professing to be the organ
par eminence of the " National Democrats,"
speaks of Professor Silliman, Dr. Wayland,
and other divines and profossore, whoso names
are honored throughout the civilised world,
and whose works have gone far to redeem oar
country from the obloquy brought upon it by
the acts of too many of our politicians.
The railing and vituperation of the Sentinel
will not prevent People from inquiring why it
is that American Professors and Divines, so re
markable for their usual reserve in political
oon tests, so absorbed in the duties of their pe
culiar callings, so disinclined to active or prom
inent interference in mere party questions,
should fenl it their duty, on this Nebraska
Question, to depart from their general oonrse,
and enter a pnhlio protect, clear, firm, and dig
nified, against the Kill to repeal th? Missouri
Compromise Such men are not accustomed
to a<-t without due deliberation and good rea
son. A movoment so extraordinary on their
part, shows that the proposed measure is re
garded by them, and the Northern communi
ties m which limy reside, as an extraordinary
wrong and outrage ; and it is the extreme of
folly to suppose that any abuse whiob pro-sla
very journals may choose to pour upon them,
can counteract 4 their influenoe or destroy the
weight of their authority.
AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP
In answer to an interrogatory propounded
to him by J. B. Nones, Notary Public, Seere
tary Maruy ban written the tollowing letter^
on a point of interest in connection with our
naturalisation laws:
Department of State,
Washington, March Ifi, 1854.
Sir: Your letter of the 11th inst has been
received. The cases which it mentions are not
embraced in any law of the United Statesupon
the subject of naturalization: and, it is be
lieved, have not been docidcd by any court of
this oountry. Although, in general, it is not
tho duty of tho Secretary of State to express
opinions of law, and doubts may be entertain
ed of the expediency of making an answer to
your inquiries an exception to this rulo, yet I
am under the imprcM^pi that every person
born in the United States must be considered
a citizen of the United States, notwithstanding
one or both of hie parents may have been alien
at the time of his birth. This is in oonformity
with the English oommon law, whiob law in
generally acknowledged in this oountry. And
a person born of alien parents, it is presumed,
would b# considered a natural-bom cititen of
the United States, in the language of the Con
stitution, so as to mako him eligible to tho
Presidency.
I am, sir, very respeotfullv, your obedient
servant, W. L. Marcy.
Joseph H. Nontt), Esq.,
New York City.
Our colored citizens should unite in a testi
monial to Secretary Marcy, for this emphatic
recognition of their citizenship. " I am under
the impression," he Bays, " that every person
born in the United Slates must be considered a
citizen of the United States, notmthstanding one
or both of his parents may have been aliens at*
the time of his birth." Of oourse, the Secretary
must regard the South Carolina law, under
which oolored citizens of other States are in
carcerated for no offenoe, as a flagrant viola
tion of the Eederal Constitution.
Proposed Amendment to the Rui.es.?
Tho amendment to the Hulos, proppsed a few
days since by Mr. Millsfln, from tho Select
Committee on Hulos, was as follows :
" Any member entitled to the floor may, in
Committee of the Whole on tho state of tho
Union, pending the consideration of any bill or
joint resolution under the rule allowing five
minute speeches, call for the quoetion on any
section, paragraph, or amendment, then undor
discussion ; and such call shall nusjiond debate
on the same, and, if seconded by a majority of
ttfe members present, shall bring the Commit
tee to a vote on the particular section, para
graph, or amendment indicated, without fur
ther amendment or discussion ; but if the call
is not so secondod, the section, paragraph, or
amondment, shall be open to amendment and
debate as before."
Tho report of the oommittee, wo are glad to
say, was promptly laid upon the table. By
various devices, freedom of debate in the
House has been greatly oircumscribod. A
majority at any time may stop all discussion
by tho previous question. Efforts have boon
repeatedly made to bring about a similar state
of things in Committee of the Whole on the
state of the Union. Again and again has tho
Chairman been called upon to restrict mem
bers in their remarks to- the particular ques
tion under consideration; but whenever be has
attempted this, he has boen overruled, the
member* generally being determined to eocuro,
in Committee at least, tho largest latitudo of
debate.
The movement of Mr. Millson was the first
attempt made to introduoe the previous ques
tion in Committee of the Wholo on the state of
the Union. Its effect would be to empower a
majority to suppress all debate, by compelling
an instant vote on every particular section or
paragraph of a bill. The privilege of offering
amendments pro fornui, and making fivo-min
lite speeches, as now secured by tho Rules, is
doubtle? liable to abusn; but hotter this than
a rnle which would onable a majority to sup
press all discussion.
SENATOR BEODHEAD'S VOTE FOE ME. CLAY
TON'S AMENDMENT.
The Bradford Reporter, Mr. Wilmot's home
organ, complains that the rooent Democratic
State Convention in Pennsylvania approved of
the course of Senator Brodhead, of that State;
and, among other things, says Mr. Brodhead
" stops at nothing demanded by the Sonth,
even to disfranchising foreigners who may set
tle in the Territories " ...
This charge we see frequently made in the
Whfc and Abolition prints of Pennsylvania
and elsewhere, and it is untrue in point of fact.
The vote of Senator Brodhead on tho Clayton
amendment gives foreigners precisely the same
right* in Nebraska that they have in Pennsyl
vania, and the vote was given in ao<*ordance
with the requirements of the eighth section of
the Constitution, whiohsays: "The Congress
shall have power to establish a uniform rule
of naturalisation."? Washington Sentinel
From this we are to understand that the
Washington Sentinel, tho organ of the
u Hards," so called, is in favor of tho disfran
chisement of alien settlers in the Territories.
In this, it follows its Southern instinots, rather
than the ooonssls of its New York friends.
As to the Constitution, it prescribes no qual
ification for voters in Territories. It oonfers
power oo Congress "to establish a uniform
rule of naturalisation," and prescribes that the
electors of Representatives to Congress in each
State " shall have the qualifications requisite
for electors of the most numerous branch of
the State Legislature; n but it is silent as to
the qualifications of electors in Territories.
Here, then, we must be guided by thodootrine
of self government, underlying all our free in
stitutions, and this doctrine sanctions the just
maxim, that taxation and representation shouLl
go together. The settlers in a Territory, wheth
er native-born or alien, ought clearly to have
the same rights seonred to them, in eleoting
their legislators and determining what kind of
laws they will live under. Both olasses havo
equal interests in the Territories?both should
be plaocd on an equal footing.
Had Senator Brodhead any true conception
of Democracy, he never would have voted for
Clayton's amendment.
(k^-Mr. Cameron, Seventh streot, near
Louisiana avenue, has placed upon our table
the reprint, by P. D. Orvis, New York, of the
February monthly part of Cho miters's Edin
burgh Journal, a cheap, well-printed, and
highly instructive periodical
TUB QUMAl PREB8 OK HBBEASKA
The Cinoinnati UazetU gives a list of the
German journals throughout the 1'nion, clastti
tied a? they stand on the Nebraska question.
They htand tight for Douglas^ bill, to eighty
against it, and are located us follows.
For Bill. Agaiiul Bill.
In Massachusetts
I
New York ? 1 16
New Jersey - ? '
Pennsylvania - ? 11
Ohio 4 1
Indiana 1
Illinois ... 1 <?
Miohigun - ? '
Wisconsin - - ? ?
Iowa - ? '
Missouri 1 1
Kentucky - ? ?
Louisiana - - . - ? 1
Maryland - ? ^
Texas . . . ? 2
California - ? 1
Nearly every one of these journals, the Now
York Tribune remarks, has hitherto mistaken
sham Democracy for genuine.
The Nebrahka Bill?"Ion" Bays this
morning that this bill "has been influential
in breaking up old party lines, and drawing
thorn according to that sectional principle
which it professes to obliterate; that it has
had the more important effoot to suspend the
oporation of the Fugitive Mave Law in tbo
North and West, and that it has induced the
Southern politicians, for the first time, to claim
the Antilles, openly, as' our Southern islands.'>'
And ho Bays, further, that in " another three
months, the bill will doubtless perform othor
remarkable feats."
This is all from a friend and sympathizer
with tbo author and ohampionB of this bill.
An Admonition.?David Jewell, who was
was executed at Pittsburgh on Friday last,
for murder, wrote to a friend, before his death,
as follows:
" Only look back to the morning of the 5th
of July, 1852, and pioture to yourself tho hap
py man I was. , I left my little family, under
tho promise to bo baok again in tho course of
an hour, to acoompany them on a railroad
excursion. From there 1 got into the oompa
ny of some young friends, took a social drink
together, from that to another, and anothor,
and yet anothor. I then forgot my promise to
those I held most near and dear to me. * *
My last word to you is, never, never drink
liquor, and you will be a happy man. Leave
off running with lire-engines; they arc the
means of bringing many a good young man to
shame and disgrace."
All the property saved by the tiro compa
nies of our cities would not |?ay for one thou
sandth part of tho moral ovils proceeding lrom
their organizations.
Gov. Seymour and thk Temperance Bii.l.
It is stated that Gov. Soymour, of New York,
keeps dark with respect to tho Temperance
bill, and is expected to retain it the fall ten
days allowed him by the Constitution. Ho will
then probaCly return it higned, accompanied
by a message. But oven should ho voto it, tho
friends of Temperance are oonfident of their
ability to pass it over his head by a two-thirds
voto.
Indian Hostilities.?New Orloans dates of
the 27th contain accounts from Texas, bring
ing tho intelligence that Fort Belknap was
surrounded by 400 Indians, and that tho gar
rison was rodnood to only Ifi men, tho rest
having gone in pursuit of the murderers of the
late Indian agent. Thero were great fears that
tho garrison would bo massacred before assist
ance could arrive.
The Black Warrior.?It is said by a cor
respondent of the Baltimore Sun that " Spain
may consent to refund tho fine and pay
damages, when our Government shall, in turn,
evince a regard for justice and national com
ity, by paying for Spanish slaves captured in
tho Amistad.''
That would be an indefinite postponement
of tho matter.
First Assistant Postmaster General.?
It appears that Horatio King, Ksq., has l*on
nominated for this position. If so, in this in
stance official oompetency and fidelity are just
ly appreciated and the pablio interests prop
erly regarded. We know Mr.'King only in
his official position.
Bank Dividends.?The banks of Boston
have declared semi-annual dividends for the
1st of April, varying from three to five poT
oemt. _______
Q^/-The Weekly Reporter, an agreeable
weekly neutral or independent paper, has just
boon commenced at Lynn, Massachusetts, by
|\ L & H. S. Cox.
Lower California.?The New York lri
\tune says:
? By the news from l/owor California wo
learn that President Walkor's filibustering ar
rangements are at an end. On the 14th he
spiked and buried his guns, and started for San
Tomas with one hundred and forty men and
one field piece Five of his party severely
wounded, and four sick, were left l?ehind, who
probably would havfl been murdered but that
they were taken aboard the Columbus and
brought to San Diego. It was reported that
Melendrex with a force of threo hundred men
would attack Walker on his march. So the
foundation of that empire is indefinitely post
Cod, and history has lost another myth or
o.. The best of the joke is, that the filibus
ters wero conquered b} tbo mere sterility of
the territory and the want of food For suoh
the Garey treaty provides: so we shall havo a
strong frontier; all that will bo necessary will
be to get an enemy thoro, and keep him thero.
Home, Sweet Hoi^e!?Coooord, the homo
of Franklin Pierce, eleoted eifcht Anti-Nebras
ka Representatives, and oxhibited a net Ad
ministration loss of 90. The sixth ward was
the first to declare against its recreant son.
Lancaster, the home of Senator Williams, gave
its verdiot against him by a vote of more than
two to one. leaving the Administration the
third party in the place, exhibiting a net loss
of 127, and electing an Anti Nebraska Kopro
sontativo The town also passed resolutions
oensuring their Senators in Congress by a
nearly unanimous vote. Rath, the home of
Hibbard, exhibits an Administration low and
elects an Anti-Nebraska Representative. Man
chester, the home of Norris and Morrwoii,
olected fourteen Anti-Nebraska mon, and
showed a net Administration loss of 367.
So says an exohange.
The late Hon. Ker Boyoe baa, by his will,
left the College of Charleston *30,000, and the
Orphan House f?0,000.
C0BQ&I8S.
Id the Senate, to-day, many memorials were
prevented, ad verve to the Nebraska bill; grant*
of lan do were petitioned for, for various pur
poses j and the Deficiency bill was oonsidercd
and amended.
In the House, Mr. Disney presented a ma
jority, and Mr. Kennett a minority report in
relation to the bill granting lands for the ben
efit of the indigent insane in the several Stotes
These reports discuss important principles, and
ably, we doubt not. They were roferred. In
Committee of the Whole, Mr. Barlcsdale de
livered a speech in support of the Nebraska
hill?the Senate bill, as it is, as wo understood
the statement of the argumont.
Our city has .been painfully excited to
day, by the circulation of reports respecting a
duel said to bo in progross !>etween two mem
bers of tho House of Representatives; but, at
the timo wo write, wo have grounds for believ
ing, what we earnestly hope, that wise and hu
mane oounsels will prevent the occurrence
of an event so deplorable, and of a deed so un
worthy.
V m
The Purification of the Pulpit!?Wo
cannot but rejoice in the indications afforded
by a portion of the public press, of a settled
determination to roform tho Christian pulpit
in this country: not that wo regard it as in u
very bad condition, but because wo have hoard
that there is no more effioient means of con
verting the sinful than that of securing their
sorviees and their contributions in behalf of
the institutions of Christianity. Tho 3,050
Christian ministers of New Knglund, who
signed a late memorial, are to be sure regard
ed at home as good and pious men in their
way; but they have faults that muBt bo cor
rected, and they must therefore listen to whole
some admonition?such as tho following, for
instance, from the Washington Sentinel:
" These hedge parsons, these Friar Tuoks,
who carry the Bible in one hand and a quar
ter-staff in the ether, who-now pray with a
nasal twang and now declaim with domagogue
fury, deserve chastisement at the hands of all
who value pure religion, and have regard for
tho saoerdotal character."
If these parsons arc not hereby improved,
the reproof of those " who valuo pure roligion,
and lyivo regard for tho saccrdotal character,"
will havo boen ungratefully rcooived, indeed!
Acquiesco in Slavery, gentlemen, prove that it
is a necessary part of tho religion of tho bum
hlo Saviour, and so preserve the purity and tho
dignity of tho saccrdotal character!
SPEECH OF MR. HURT. OF LOUISIANA.
Tho Buffalo Daily Republic Raye:
"Tho speech of Mr. Hunt, of Louisiana,
against tho Nebraska bill, whm eloquent and
able, and took tho highost ground, boldly de
claring the proposed repeal of the Missouri
Compromise a dishonorable violation of a sol
emn compact.
" His views are as creditablo to the Louisi
ana Representative as they arc true and just.
In presenting thom, be but reflects the wishes of
his State, the popular branch of its Legislature
having, by an unanimous vote, adopted resolu
tions protesting against the repeal of tho Mis
souri Compromise, and against this untimely
and uncalled-for renewal of tho Slavery agita
tion. Other Southern States will doubtless
follow the example of Louisiana, for it must be
obvious to them that the path of safety is the
path of honor, and that this pro|>oeod violation
of plighted faith will dostroy all confidence be
tween tho two sootions cf the Confederacy,
leaving tha institution of Slavery open to as
saults from every quarter."
Wili. it Pass??No. Wo havo Baid, from
the first, we do not lwlieve the House of Repre
sentatives can possibly pass a bill so infamous
in its character. And though men whose sense
of honor has boen degraded and stultified by
long usage to party trickery and partisan tmb
serviency, may bo b* ought to vote for so dis
honorable an ac, yet the vjioc of the peoplo
can arrest the vou s of men who would not be
reached by the voice of conscience.
The New Hampshire election lias oonvcrtcd
the President, and tho chavter election in this
city shot arrows of oonviotion into tho soul of
Senator Ca*s. Upon the legislature to be
elected this fall will devolve the duty of eleot
ing his successor, and it begins to l*o pretty
clear that he oannot go hack to the Senate
again.?Iktroil Democrat.
Slavery to be Introduced into Minnf.
sota.?The Telegraph, published at Burlington,
Iowa, points out ono consequence of tho pass
ing of the Nebraska bill, to which, we l>e
lievc, the public attentiim ha* not yet l?eon
called:
u The western half of Minnesota, which lies
north of this State, and wont of the Mississip
pi, forms a part of tho old Louisiana Territory,
in which Slavery was prohibited by tho Mis
souri Compromise. Should the Nobraska bill
beoome a law. this western half of Minnesota
jrill become slave territory, whilst the eastern
"alf wi|l remain frco under the Ordinanco of
1787. This will render a division of the pres
ent Territory unavoidable; and if Congress
should be at a loss for a name for the new
'sovereignty,' wo would respectfully suggost
that it lw christened after the soubriquet of its
distinguished sponsor, 1 Little (>iant.' "
An Eloquent Praver.?Tho Chaplain of
the Indiana Legislature recontly opened the
session with the genoral prayer, which olosed
with the following eloquent and sensible invo
cation :
u And, O Lord, havo mercy on our legisla
tors. Bo with them and hloss them, even if
they know Thee not. Spare their )iv*s, and
teach them to glorify thy name. Hasten them
to thoir homos, where they may direct their
attention to good works and general usefulness
among their families and neighbors. May tho
peoplo resolve to keep them there, and in future
elect men of sound morals and temperate hab
its, *o that good may hereafter result from
legislation. Save the good people of the State
front the disgrace which must follow, if the
same orowd should again oomo here to make
laws. Hear us, Lord, and grant our prayer?
Amen." _
Dr. Hamel, of St. Petersburg, one of the most
distinguished members of the Royal Academy,
a Councillor of State in the Russian F.mpiro,
and a gentleman of great scientific attainments,
has been deputed by the Kmneror Nicholas to
visit tho various educational, scientific, and
philanthropic institutions of the United States
Dr. Hamel is now in Boston. A few years
sinoo ho visited Kngland upon a similar mis
sion, with so much success that tho Cear com
missioned him for a liko service in our conn
try.
Tho Alton Courier states that tho geological
survey of Illinois has developed the foot that
Southern Illinois is rich m marbles of the
most valuable varieties, Itoth variegated and
Mack
THE BSFE&ESCE OF THE HKBKA8KA B1IL
the bewabd or hobthemm *? allihs."
Ibo Richmond Examiner of the 28th inst.
?aya:
' n0 t^l8P<>*"tif>n to palliate tbo onn
uuot of Mr. Cutting, un wo havo no purpQie of
rcpowug the slightest faith <?i: trust hi any "f
the New \ ork politicians at Washington. Wo
ju go all by their Work. 8 only?the tret* by it*
Iruitu , and judging thus, wo certainly bate 110
panegyrics for any of thorn exuopt Miko Walsh,
the only man from that State who voted aaiunht
Cutting's motion t?? refer. The bill uan bo
taken out of the Committee of thq Whole at
any moment by the vote of a majority; and if
there bo a majority pledged to vow lor it, uoth
>ng it) plainer than that the bill must paw, and
that its recent reference signifies nothing. Hut
wo shall count on that majority only when tbo
test votos upon the bill shall have disclosed it.
We Hhal) consider Northern mon sound in re
gard to it only when their votes shall have see
onded their professions.''
So there ia still a chanoo left for Northern
men to illustrate themselves, and to elevate
themselves to the altitude of Mr. Walsh in tho
esteem of our Southern chivalrous fellow-citi
zens.
The Riohmoud Whig of the 28th inst. nays:
" Washington.papers friendly to tho passago
of the Nebraska bill tell us that it will yet
pass, and that tho vote on referring it to tho
Committee of the Whole is not to be taken as
any sign of its defeat. On the othor hand,
the opposition phpers crow lustily ovor this
vote, as equivalent to a defeat of tho bill. They
insist that it is a test voto, and that it puts aii
end to the passage, at least fyr this session.
'? We trust tho predictions of tho former niay
be vorifiod, but we confess that we are con
strained to look upon thom as a forlorn hope.
The first step in the House of Representatives
lias been attended with consequences too fruit
ful of causes for rejoicing among the enemies
of the bill, not to produoo tho most serious ap
prehensions of alarm among its frionds that it
will ultimately bo defeated. That end may
be aeoompliched as effectually by smothering
the bill in the way the House have commenced
thoir action upon it, as by diroofly killing it
on a final vote. Tboro is too much ground for
entertaining the belief that the House intend
to stave off the bill, for the purpose of avoiding
tlft responsibility of a voto on its passage.
"We have all along entertainod and ex
pressed fears of this result, for the plain rea
son that wo oould not but mistrust the sources
from whence Northern support to the hill
came. We have seen instances enough of pro
fessions on the part of 'Northern men with
Southern feelings' to know by this timo what
dcpcndonce to attach to them. Wo have never
believed that those of tho North, with, per
haps, a few exceptions, who profess to fw in
favor of tho repeal of tho Missouri restriction,
are sincere in those professions; and we havo
stronger reasons now than over for doubting
whether they intondod from tho first to meet
the issue fairly and squarely on this qoention.
In tho first place, the Administration never
gave the bill an honest support. It assumed
an equivocal position, with tho pretension on
ono hand of favoring Southern rights, and the
secret apology on the other that it is 'apropo
sition m favor of freedom.' It had lout ground
at the South by its palpablo Kroe Soil sympa
thies in distributing the spoils of ofhco, and to
cover the loss pretended to iissumo a Southern
position on this bill. Its organ was one day
making the Bupport of the bill a test of Demo
cratic orthodoxy, tho next day taking back
ovorything it had said to that offoct, and giv
ing full permission to tho party to sido with
the opposition, and still onjoy tbo smiles and
favor of the Administration.
"If tho Administration is sinoero in its pro
fessions of friendship for the South on this
question, why is it that, with a party majority
of eighty odd meml>ers in the Houso of Repre
sentatives, it cannot secure a favorable hearing
for a bill it'prctends to support on the ground
of doing justioo to the Southern people. It
argues one of two things. The Administration
is too imbecile to command the strength of its
own party, or it is playing a troaoherous part
to tho South. Its friends in this quarter may
take oither horn of the dilemma they choose
The oool blast from Now Hampshire may havo
had a wonderful effect in chilling tho ncw-l?orn
lovo of the Brigadii r lor Southern institutions,
sincc tho day? ho bated and loathed Slavery
with such a holy horror, hot the cause be
what it may, tho indications for tha passage of
the Nebraska bill have become most unpropi
tiousoflate.
"The proof of foul play on tho part of tho
Administration and'our Northern allies ' is
beginning to show itself too plainly to be longer
questioned at the South. Softio of our Demo
cratic frionds are lieginniug at length to hate
their eyes opened to the (not. We f?-.?r they
will have stronger proof of it y.it, helot-., this
question is disponed of.''
MMJAL.
A Ur.Micnr for the Oust Nuikanck ?The
dost in tho city ? f Washington, and the winds
that rainn it, aro no doubt very like tl.e duxt
and winds in many othor citins; but then there
is moro of them. There is moro dust, hccaus.^
there is more bare oarth exposod; and there is
more wind, booauae thore aro lower barriers to
it. Now, tho wind cannot bo much rcwtricted
for soma years to come, because it will take
some yoars for houses so to multiply as to
shield us from its blasts ; and, even then, onr
wide streets and wider avenues will give it
ample scops ; hut tho quantity of dust for it to
blow into our faces may very soon bo greatly
roduced. Let the United States, tho City Cor
poration, and individuals, all enclose after homo
fashion, and put in gra<w, tho vacant gr .und
thoy possess; let our inconveniently widf ave
nues and streets l>e improved in liko manner
Take Pennsylvania avenue, fur example: .wo
do not need a greater width of it than New
! York noeds of Broadway, or Philadelphia needs
of Chestnut street. Let us, then, pave in a
superior mannor, and keep perfectly clean, a
douhlo carriage-way on each side, and endow*
the wide centre portion within chains, and put
it in gra<w. This would Temovo the nuisance
theTC, and the samo plan would he adapt**] to
all such portions of the oity as call for a means
of abating the dust nnisanoo. In addition to
tho removal of this groat affliction, how won
derfully would this plan beautify our'oity!
With this improvement, and the introduction
of a vast supply of water, what more could bo
denrod !
" 5Ri.v-QovRRNMr.NT ?What is tho cause of
this ehulHtion, and of those like him ? Why,
simply, a proposition to confer the privilege of
self-government upon tho Amerioan people
alike" .
The 41 proposition " referred to is the Ne
braska bill, and the "selfgovernment" it rec
ognises and establishes aro the provisions de
nying to tho people of Kansas and Nebraska
the right to elect their own officers, or to pro
hibit the introduction of Slavery, though they
may admit it, and depriving foreign residents
of tho>e Territories of any voice in the manage
ment of their donieetm affairs
Detroit Tribune