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Daily national era. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1854, June 01, 1854, Image 2

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UwisjiiUjjtij'n smimtei.
EDITED BV
WM. M. OVERTON. CH. MAURICE SMITH,
AND i'>KV hKJLbi fUOKEh.
IUEsDA^ MOKMNC, JAN. 29, IW5C.
COKUKBS8IOSAL.
In the Senate, yesterday, Mr. Cass made a
speech on the subject ot Central American
affairs; and an adjournment until Thursday
took place.
In the House of Represeutalives, one vole
only was taken lor Speaker, showing that, ap
parently, the election of a presiding officer ia as
far distant as heretofore. Resolutions, each
lor the adoption of the plurality rule, were re
jected.
1'BINNSTI.VANIA AND VIKGIMA?TIIK
PARSON'S CASK.
Serious difficulties are likely to arise between
the Stales of Virginia and Pennsylvania, out
of the case of James I'arsons, jr., for attempt
ing to seize his fugitive slave, lie has been
indicted in a Pennsylvania court for kidnap
ping, and held to bail in the sum ot $2,000.
The punishment for kidnapping is confinement
in the penitentiary.
That an attempt to recover one's own slave
is not kidnapping we will not waste ink and
paper in arguing. But it is apprehended that
Parsons may be convicted of the charge so un
justly brought against him, and subjected to
the ignominious punishment prescribed for that
offence.
The whole subject has. within the last few
days, been brought before the Virginia Legis
lature, and gave rise to a long, warm, and able
debate. In the popular branch of the Legisla
ture a disposition to resort to extreme measures
was evinced, ami resolutions were passed which
treated this outrage on Parsons, if carried out
to conviction, as a cause of war between the
two States.
The other branch of the Legislature (the
Senate) viewed the matter more calmly. While
every proper disposition to protect Mr. Parsons
and every other citizen of Virginia wa* mani
fested. a large majority of the senators opposed,
at pre:>ent, the adoption of rigorous measures.
They were content to request or require that
Mr. Parsons shall not appear to answer the
chiirije preferred against him, and that the
State of Virginia shall le responsible for the
sum in which he was bailed.
The bill, as passed, is a substitute for the
original bill, and omits all reference to calling
npon the military in a certain contingency, but
provides that all money paid by Virginia, on
behalf of Parsons, shall be demanded of Penn
sylvania. aud in case the latter shall hereafter
imprison Parsons and refuse to release him,
the Governor of Virginia thall immediately
convene the Legislature. The bill is made ap
plicable to nil future similar cases.
Such is th ? bill, we believe, as it passed the
Senate. Whether it has yet been acted upon
by the House, we are yet to learn.
We are informed, however, that Mr. Parsons
has gone ttf Pennsylvania to stand trial, and
that the Governor of Virginia has appointed
John Randolph Tucker, esq., his counsel, on
behalf of the State.
We do not hesitate to express the opinion
that any maltreatment of Mr. Parsons by the
authorities of Pennsylvania will lead to seri
ous difficulties between the two States. It is a
fit subject of congratulation that the present
Legislature of Pennsylvania is Democratic;
and wherever Democracy is in the ascendant,
there we may look for respect for the rights of
properly and fidelity to the Constitution. *
SENATOR TOOMBS'S LECTl'UE AT
BOSTOX.
We notice that the Boston papers give us
Bome account of the reception of Senator
Toombs and bis lecture on slavery.
We do not doubt, from the ability of the
Senator from Georgia, that his lecture will be
come the text book of national men at the
North, from which, in all future discus-ions,
tliey may draw arguments.
Until wc receive a copy of the lecture, we
cannot so pertinently comment on it a* we
should wish.
We doubt not that this lecture will be more
generally read at the North than anything
which ever emanated from a Southern source
on the same subject. It will give many
views new to most people at the North, and
will show to them that what they have hitherto
considered so clear, is in reality a question of
extreme delicacy aud danger; and we doubt
not that many who hitherto have had little
toleration for the South holding negroes in
slavery, will come to the conclusion that were
they themselves in the South, they would hesi
tate long before they would adopt the course
they have hitherto so strenuously urged They
will ask themselves how it so imperatively
concerns them to interfere in this matter which
in no wise affects them, as to compel them to
resort to- measures of hostility to the South,
which must of necessity force an alienation,
bringing with it no doubtful disasters, but en
during and fatal evils. They wiH reflect and
ask themselves, what tbey would pain by suc
cess in manumitting the slaves of the South.
They will ask themselves, if any benefits cer
tain to arise can equal the certain deluge of
mischief which would ensue upon success.
They will say to themselves, if we allow
slavery to po into new States, it will be no
more than w ould happen upon a peaceable
dissolution of the Union, giving to each State
its proportion of land in referetice to popular
representation. W hy, then, should we refuse,
in the bands of brotherhood, that which wc
would allow at its dissolution?
If it were certain that every State would
come in with slavery, it would only Ik; as it
was when the Constitution was formed; not
only so, but erjtrraa provision van then made
to augment the number of flare Utatex, and to
this provision everyone from the froe States sub
scribed. Why, then, should they now seek to
dissolve the Union, wfoen all that is claimcd is
a change of residence for those who are already
?laves?
Sober reason must come to the rescue of
the North ; and its candid men, how insupera
bly soever opposed to slavery, will perceive that
by allowing to the South their constitutional
rights, they in no waycompromit their opposi
tion to slavery, but show that their sense of
duty aud of justice are clear and have full
sway.
The Boston J'out of the 25th says:
'*The discourse of Hon. Hubert Toombs, ou the
subject of slavery, last evening, was listened to
attentively by a large and crowded audience.
It was a bold and manly effort; strong in its
constitutional argument; cogent, and clear, and
accurate, in its historical statements; and elo
quent and impressive throughout. In the
course of tlie lecture he pave a powerful vin
dication of the Kausas and Nebraska bill, and
predicted that when the day of prejudice and
passion shall have' passed, thousands of good
men, who now believe this measure to have
been wrong, would reverse their judgment.
Mr. Toombs gave the constitutional and histor
ical portions with great force ; and it would be
well lor the whole country if such facts as he
detailed, as to our government, could be more
fully understood ihan they are."
DEFEAT OF IIJS KBOKV MAJESTY
SOILOHIUE.
Iiis charcoal majesty ot Hayti, the imperial,
but odorous Soulouque, luis met with a defeat
at the hands of the Dominicans, which, no
doubt, will alarm all negrodom and penetrate
with grief and mortification the inmost hearts
of sympathising abolitionists.
As 15 known to our readers, that ambitious
buck negro Soulouque, who for some years has
been at the head of the Haitians, has umbi
tiously sought to reduce into subjection, or,
that failing, to crush out his more civilized and
enlightened neighbors, 'the Dominic&us, who
have a growing and prosperous Republic right
under the Hat nose of his sable majesty.
Like all monarths, whether black or white,
Soulouque abhors the very name of Republic,
and he has employed both treachery and force
to break down the Dominican Government.
lie lately marched with an army of 30,000
against the Dominicans, intending to over
whelm and crush them. How be succeeded,
the following will relate:
" From Mirahelais, a detachment ot about
four thousand was ordered to take a southern
road, with a few provisions, and to rejoin the
Emperor near Azua. All we know oi them
further is, that soon aftercrossing the lines, they
were met by n hotly ol Dominicans, when the
rcrment of .Jamel, which was in advance,
broke at the first tire, and precipitated them
selves on the rear, which caused a general rout.
The\ were commanded by old General Garat,
I of tins place, said to be the best cavalry officer
I in the armv, who, with several of his officers,
was killed on the spot. The troops have gone
where they please. But the great misfortune
was with the main body under the Emperor,
consisting of about eighteen thousand men,
which took the road to Las Caohas. W hen
near this place, in an open field, but near a
niece of woods, they came upon a body of Do*
minicans of about lour hundred men. with a
cannon. ,
?The order of march on the Emperor s troops
at this time was as lollowa: The advanced
guard was commanded by General \ alentine,
(a Domincian refugee) with old General Ihir
longe, of Port au Prince, on the right, and the
Aux Cayes troops on the left, in all about 2,000
men. In the rear of these came the Emperor s
elite, with the Emperor in person, his stall, all
his ministers, his treasure-chest alter thece
came the main body. 1 he advanced guard
continued to move forward until within gunshot
of the Dominicians, when they made a halt,
and cried 4 Vive L'Empereur!" several times,
and were so often answered by the Dominicians;
but for whom the latter hurraed, nobody seems
to know. The Dominican commander then
advanced in front of bis troops, and Valentine
did the same to meet him. Atter talking some
time, (what they said is not known.) they
separated, each returning to his troops, but on
the way the Dominican fired his pistol when
the Aux Cayes troops commenced firing, with
out orders, on the Dominicans, who returned
the fire.
"An officcrof the Aux Cayes regiment, whose
name 1 forget, but the Same who shot those
prisoners in prison at Aux Cayes a few years
ago, then mounted a horse, and called to the
troops to follow him?and they did so, with a
rush, throwing themselves back on the main
bodv of the Haytian army, which was at the
t>ame time charged by the Domicans. . A con
siderable number of Ilaytians were killed, and
Valentine and Thirlonge were both wounded,
I 4jut escaped.
" Meanwhile, the Aux Cayes troops, throw
ing awav their guns and baggage, continued
their retreat, turning and carrying along with
them other troops, until finally the greater part
of the army had taken to flight, leaving the
Emperor and his staff almost alone. \ alen
tine and Thirlonge now came up, hard pushed
by the Domiuicians, when they and the Em
peror and all with him took into a by path, and
finally succecdcd in getting clear off through
the woods and escaping from the Dominicans.
Hut the old man ran a narrow chance. They
were oncc within a few feet of him, and he was
only saved by Thirlonge and other officers of
his staff, several of whom lost their lives.
"The Dominicans pursued the retreating
Ilaytians some miles, until they were finally
checked and driven back by the Garde Na
tionale of Port au Prince, commanded by
Robert Gateau, the auctioneer.
The armv has lost everything. The Empe
ror is said to have had with him, in his
treasure-chest, $3,000,000 in currency, and
$*0,000 Spanish. All this is lost, with the
guns, ammunition and provisions, and other
baggage and money. The retreating troops
have thrown away their arms. The Emperor
is said to have reached Bonheur, a small place
some sixty miles from the Cape, with about a
thousand men. The Aux Cayes troops, with
some others,have arrived back at Los Caohas,
to the number of 1,500. The Emperor has
sent them orders to join him at Bonheur, which
they have refused to do. Whether he will
march against them, or they against him, does
not yet seem to be settled. Where the rest of
the grand army is. no one knows but them
selves.
BPfiu It seems to be as difficult for it to stop
snowing as it is to effect an organization of the
House of Representatives. Sunday and yes
tfrdav there was an almost constant fall of
snow. It sometimes descended in large fleecy
flakes, Sometimes in little hard icy particles.
This protracted spell of bad weather entails
much suffering on man and beast. Wild ani
mals and birds suffer greatly from the unu
sual rigors of the season. Food, which it is
difficult for them to get at any time, it
is now impossible for them to procure.
Sportsmen have much cause to f< ar that the
partridges, rabbits, and other game, will be
greatly diminished, if not altogether de
stroyed. Dead birds and animals are said to
i he picked up in great numbers all over -the
country. This no doubt accounts in a great
measure for the number of them that are seen
hanging up at nil the enting houses. Either
starved or frozen to death, they are, it is to be
feared, made a matter of trade by unscrupu
lous people who sell them in our markets.
Those gentlemen who live in the country,
and indulge in the manly and delightful sports
of the field, would do w??ll to seek out and pro
I vide for the partridges. They are easily captured
and as easily domesticated.
Bat if the birds and other wild creatures
suffer from the unexampled rigors of the season,
how cruel must be the sufferings of the poor
who have neither clothes to cover them, fire to
warm, nor food to save them from starving. It
makes the heart sad to think of the number
ol the sick, of the helpless women and the still
more helpless children, who are exposed to
every form of privation. It i* to be hoped
that He who feeds the young ravens will put it
into the hearts of those who rejoice in this
world s goods to visit and relieve them.
A despatch, dated at Jackson, Missis
sippi, announces the election of the Hon.
Jeffeksox L)avis, now Secretary of War, to
the lruited States Senate, by a majority of 58
votes. He will succeed the Hon. Stefuen
Adams, the present Senator, whose term ex
pires on the 4th of March, 1857, at which time
the presidential term of the Cabinet also ex
i pi res.
Slavery ?t the South.
A correspondent of a Cincinnati paper, who
j is evidently deeply imbued with abolitionism,
j has la,eIJ v>s?U?d New Orleans. He describes,
| quite pleasantly, the features of Southern
scenery, and is incontinently led into the fol
lowing admission in regiud to Southern Slavery;
Alter getting below Vicksburg our passen
gers began to leave us, and on the last day
there were many interesting scenes, as the
planters, with their families and servants landed
at their several homes on the river bank The
steamboat bell rings, and by the time the boat
has swung round and fastened to the shore
twenty or thirty negroes?men, women and
children?come running down the bank to meet
massa and ? mistress.' Bidding farewell to
their friends, of two weeks' acquaintance on the
boat, they follow their trunks and boxes to the
landing, where every slave takes them by the
hand and welcomes them home, seemingly with
as much affection as they would father and
mother.
Appointment, by the Prealdeut,
B>j and icith the advice and consent of the Senate.
James M. Morrison, surveyor of the customs
resi ^iied ^' ' vice Jobl' Norman,
Charles K. Loomis, collector of the customs
at Sackett s harbor, New York, vice Thomas
o. Hal I, removed.
Another Fact for the AholltionUt*.
I he following paragraph from the Natchez
f ree Trader, of the 8th, goes to illustrate the
abolition doctrine of freedom upon compulsion,
and how it is appreciated by the objects of
their philanthrophy:
"An Incident that Bears its own Comment
?Isaac, a body servant of General Quitman
arrived home a few days since. Shortly after
the General reached Washington City, Isaac
expressed a great desire to return home to Mis
sissippi. Lp0n being pressed for his reasons
for so sudden a wish, he told his master that
he had been repeatedly beset by two white men,
rom Boston who urged him to accept their aid
to run from his master. lie stated that he was
afraid that he would be kidnapped into freedom
as he believed the two men were capable of any
atrocity. 1 he General gave Isaac a pass, with
winch he safely reached home, to his infinite
satisfaction.'
An American Baroness.?The following
invitation card announced in Paris an inter
esting, il not important fact:
l " TJeuBar"n.Louis de Waechter. Chamber
lain of His Majesty the King of Wurtemburg.
has the honor to inform you of the marriage of
-Ionsieur the Baron Auguste de Waechter, his
brother, Chamberlain of His Majesty the Kin
* &dd env?y "Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary near His Majesty
the Lmperor of France, with Madomoiselle
Josephine Louisa Lee, daughter of Madame the
\\ idow Lee, (of New York,) and invites you to
he present at the nuptial benediction, 'which
will be given them at the Church of the Re
demption, Rue Chauchat, Thursday, 20th of
Decembrr, at 1 o clock precisely."
T he match between the Baron Waechter and
-Miss Lee now the Baroness Waechter, was
made up last eummer at the Springs of Baden
and aside from the Baron's title and the lady's
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, the match
was an agreeable one to both parties. The
Baron \\ aechter is about forty years of aije ?
Actc lorK Express. ? h
General Shields.?The Winoua Aryus of
the 9th instant Bays :
"This gallant old soldier, and accomplished
gentleman and statesman, paid Winona a brief
visit last week. He pre-empted one hundred
and sixty acres at the land office, just like any
other old warrior, with his land warrant given
him for military services in behalf of the United
States. Faribault, a famous old pioneer and
Indian trader, pre-empted on the same day."
The Law of the Street.?Referring to the
recent case in Boston, in which the right to the
road was contested, the Providence Journal re
marks:
" In crossing the street, at a regular crossing
intended for foot passengers, the mad belongs
to the man on foot, and the carriaob must oo
at seen a tace as will not endanger ni?.
In crossing the middle of the street where'there
is ro paved crossing, it is different; but even
there, the driver is bound not only to proceed
at a moderate pace, but with due caution."
Connecticut.
The election in Middletown on Monday
resulted in the complete success of the democ
racy, who elected their mayor, eight of the nine
councilmen, and three of the lour aldermen.
The election was hotly contested, and the vote
one of the largest ever polled at a city election.
For mayor, the vote stood?Edwin F. Johnson,
dern., 234, Benjamin Douglass, opp., 218. Mr.
Douglass has been mayor of the city for several
years past, and was the strongest candidate
that could have been presented in opposition
to the democracy. He combined every shade
of the opposition, and his defeat is therefore all
the more gratifying.
The Mammoth Steamship Persia.?We
see it stated that to-day the new royal mail
steamer Persia, Captain .Itidkins, of the Cunard
line, will leave Liverpool for New York, on her
first voyage across the Atlantic. She is an
iron vessel, and the largest steamer afloat. It
is expected she will perform the voyage in
seven or eight days. On her recent trip from
Greenock to Liverpool, it is said she averaged
sixteen knots an hour. A Liverpool letter
sayft:
According to the government rule of admea
surement her power is equal to that of 1)00
horses. According to the plan laid down in
Karl Hardwick's bill, 1,200 horses, and accord
ing to .Tames Watt's old established rule of
33,000 lbs. per horse, she would work np to
4,000 or 5,000 horses. She has seven water
tight compartments ; separate sleeping accom
modations for 300 passengers, and a clear pro
menade from stem to stem, along the roof of
the deck house.
The weight of the iron in the Persia when
launched was 2,200 tons, and, with the engines,
1,400 tons of coals, and full cargo, her weight
will bo 5,400 tons, with which she will draw
23 feet of water. Her accommodation is for
1,200 tons measurement of goods. Steam
being her sole motive agent she is but lightly
rigged with three masts. Bets are offered that
she will accomplish the trip between Kurope
and America in seven days.?Tlalt. Hun of
Saturday.
Tribute to " Old Iruutklet."
The Senate of New Jersey, on Tuesday, j
adopted the following joint resolution with re
ference to Commodore Charles Stewart:
Joint Resolution in relation to Commodore i
Charles Stewart of the U. S. Navy.
Whereas, Commodore Charles Stewart, an
eminent citizen of this State, by the action of
a Board, created under the act of Congress,
passed February 28th, 1855, entitled "An act
to promote the efficiency of the Navy," has
been deposed from his well-earned position of
Senior Post Captain of the United States j
Navy, and placed upon the retired list autho- ;
ri/.ed by said act; and whereas, the said ac
tion of said Board has beey approved by. the
President of the United States, but Commo
dore Stewart has appealed from the same to
the representatives of the American people in
Congress assembled; and whereas, in the
judgment of this Legislature the said action of
said Board is grossly unjust to Commodore
Stewart, and against the wishes and sense of
justice of a large majority of his fellow citi
zens of this State; therefore,
Be it resolved by the Senate and General
Assembly of the State of New Jersey, that
our Senators and Representatives in Congress,
be requested to obtain from Congress such leg
islation or action as may he necessary and
proper to reverse the said action of the said
Board, and the approval thereof by the Presi
dent of the United States, and to restore the
said Commodore Charles Stewart to his late
position of Senior Post Captain of the Navy.
And be it resolved, That the Governor be
requested to transmit a copy of this resolution
to the President of the United States, to Com
modore Charles Stewart, and to each of our
Senators and Representatives in Congress.
From the National Intelligencer of yesterday.
Death of Commodore Morrli.
It is with profound regret that we have to
announce the death of Commodore CHARLES
MORRIS, senior retained officer of the United
States Navy, lie expired at half-past four
o'clock yesterday afternoon, at his residence in
Washington, of inflammation of the lungs, in
the 72d year of his age. Commodore Morkis
entered the Navy in the year 1799, and was, in
the year 1813, for gallant and distinguished
services, promoted to the rank which he held at
the time of his death. Ilis eminent services
and his high standing in the Navy are indelibly
recorded in the history of his country, and are
known to all. It may be added to his honor,
on the unvarying testimony of his bother of
ficers, and without disparagement to any of the
gallant men who adorn the ranks of our Navy,
that Commodore Morrih, at the time of his
death, was, in all the varied qualities which
constitute excellence in his profession, the
ablest naval commander in the world. Nothing
ever turned him from the line of duty, and
when, at the end of fifty-seven years, he reached
the highest point of professional honor, he
might truly have said, "I have gained the palm,
but not without labor."
Slavery at the North.
The seven several enumerations of the in
habitants of the United States, reveal some
facts relative to slavery north of Mason and
Dixon's line, which at this day appear curi
ous :
Maine.?This State has had no slaves.
New Hampshire.?In 17G0, 158 slaves; in
1800, 17 ; after that date none.
Vermont.?In 1790, 17 slaves; afterward,
none.
Massachusetts.?None by any census.
Rhode Island.?In 1790, 952 slaves; in 1800,
831; in 1810, 103; in 1820, 48; in 1830, 17;
in 1840, 4; in 1850, none.
New York.?In 1790, 21,324 slaves: in 1800,
20,353 5 in 1810, 15,017; in 1820, 10,088; in
1830, 75; in 1840,4, in 1850, none.
New Jersey.?In 1790,11,423 slaves; in 1800,
12,422; in 1810, 10,851; 1820, 7,G57 ; in 1830,
2,254; in 1840, 074; in 1850, 325.
Pennsylvania.?In 1790, 3,737 slaves: in
1800, 706; in 1810,795; in 1820,211; in 1830,
403; in 1840, G4; in 1850, none.
In the new States north of the Ohio, slavery
had but a slight foothold.
The census of 1840 mentions 3 in Ohio, no
other census returns any.
Michigan is represented to have had 24
slaves in 1810, and 32 in 1830.
Indiana had 135 by the census of 1800, 237
in 1810, 190 in 1820, and 3 in 1840.
Illinois had 1G8 slaves in 1810, 117 in 1820,
747 in 1830, 331 in 1840, and none in 1850.
Wisconsin had 11 in 1840, and
Iowa had 16 the same year.
Female In Male Attire ? Singular Dl?
? co-very.
In Baltimore, Wednesday night, a young
lady, about nineteen years of age, was arrested
by the watchmen in male attire. She was
recognized by a gentleman from Albany, N. Y.
as tbe daughter of a wealthy citizen of that
place. She served as a nurse in Norfolk during
the epidemic. The American says:
On Tuesday afternoon a person dressed in
the garb of a man, arrived by the Philadelphia
train and stopped at Sherwood's Hotel, at the
corner of Fayette and Harrison streets, regis
tering the name of Charles Walters. The party
had the features of a woman, but no suspicion
was at the time excited. On Wednesday
morning she came down stairs and called for
breakfast, which was disposed of, and she sallied
out into the city. While she was at breakfast,
the proprietor engaged in conversation with
her, and as soon as she left, expressed his
suspicion that it was a female in male apparel.
During the day the chambermaid moved the
valise of the guest when it opened, and a pair
of corsetts, such as are worn by ladies, dropped
on the floor. This fact increased the suspicion,
but nothing was said about it until night, when
the intelligence was conveyed to the house that
a female in the male garb had been arrested
and conveyed to the middle district watchhouse.
She stated that she was from Albany, where
her parents now reside; that her name is
Caroline Walters; and she was induced to leave
home to search for a young man named William
Auld, whom she learned had come to this city.
The ^oung lady is very pretty of rather large
size and fascinating in her conversation. On
Thursday morning another young person dressed
in male attire, but evidently a woman, called
at the Sherwood Hoyse and asked for "Mr
Walters," and upon being told that Miss
had been arrested, made her escape. Miss
Walters will be sent back to her father at
Albany.
Conviction of a Clergyman for Forgery.
At the York assizes, says a late English
paper, before Mr. Baron Martin, the Rev. Wm.
Beresford, aged fifty-six, was indicted for hav
ing, on the 4th November, 1848, at Bradford,
uttered a forged endorsement, (using the name
of Mr. Kaye) of a bill of exchange for the
payment of ?100, with intention to defraud
Samuel Laycock. It waa stated during the
trial thnt the prisoner is brother to General
Beresford, now Adjutant General in India, and
tbe cousin of Lord Dacies and next heir to
that title, and holds a living in Cork. His
lordship gummed up tbe evidence, and the
jury, after a few minutes deliberation, found
the prisoner guilty. The sentence of the court
was, that he be transported for the period of
his natural life. The prisoner, who appeared
surprised at the extent of his sentence, had to
be assisted from the dock.
Si.avkry ik the Cherokee Nation.?The
National Council of the Cherokee Nation some
time since passed an act to preserve slavery in
? hat territory, and to prohibit the employment
of abolitionists in the public schools. The bill,
however, was subsequently vetoed by Chief
John Ross.
- tjctnca ou Hit lc?.
The Philadelphia papers notice ice on the
Delaware, river and says :
"Troups of men and boys are daily to be
seen either sliding or skating upon its surface, j
while here ami there may be seen shivering
men standing behind rude bars dealing out hot
oyster soup or vile liquor. Near these bars or
booths, each by the way, having tlie American
flag gaily lloating in the breeze, some enter
prizing youth may be seen with a table, cov
ered with what is known in the spoiling ^vorld
as a sweat cloth, while he sits, with box and
dice in hand und about a dollar in small change,
wailing for some one to try his luck. Near
the shore boys kindle large fires, by which
those who are about to skate can fasten the
irons to their feet, to whom they look lbr a
smull remuneration. In sheltered nooks, old
women do a thriving business by selling cakes,
cigars, &c., and altogether the scene is an ani
mated one."
At St. Louis the Missouri river is frozen
over to the depth of three and a half feet.
The Mirror of Saturday says:
" On the Illinois side, but some considerable
distance from the bhore, were pitched several
canvas tents, at the entrance of which were
placed boys, hollooing out, ' hot coffee,' 4 hot
whisky punches,' 4 Tom and Jerry,' 'whisky
slings,' &c. Some of the 'fancy,' too, and
sporting characters had their faro and roulette
tables in full blast. At the end of the ice
road at the other side, is placed a large board,
with the inscription, in monster letters, 1 Mis
sissippi Avenue.' This was the great centre
of attraction, as in this immediate locality
everything was to be found to stimulate and
heat the 4 inner man.' Thousands of skaters
might be seen gliding in every direction over
the icy surface. Boys and girls, young ladies
and their loving swains, old men and their bet
ter halves, negroes of all variety of shade,
from the pure African jet to the light brown,
swelled the immense gathering, and completely
covered the river opposite the city. Sets were
formed on the ice, and dancing kept up until
a late hour at night.
The Mortality of 1855.?The following
table shows the number of deaths, from promi
nent diseases in 1855, in the four principal At
lantic cities:
Philadel- New llalii- Boston,
pliia. York. more.
Con.Mim.nion 1.322 2,003 840 71S
Convulsion**..... 028 2,0(52 123 127
Cholera.... 10 10
Cholera infantum. 005 1.141 323 221
Cholera morbus.. 2? 43 IS) 15
Diarrhea 178 800 30 21
Dysentery 206 575 199 139
Scarlet lever 155 992 131 65
Typhus fever.... 224 109 95 81
Intlum. of lun^s.. 10<> 1.108 117 189
Smallpox 173 100 02 192
Marasmus 441 1.502 1 ?5
Stillborn 018 1 5>1 402 ' ?*
Other di.-euses.. .5,041 10,305 3.100 1,187 *
Total 10,509 23 107 5,447 4,030
Under 5 years. 5,290 14,213 2,820 1,972
* In Boston the stillborn am not leported
Dungerouii Rating?Poisonous Birds.
Any person going through the markets may
notice the lurgc amount of pheasants exhibited
for sale. They should beware, however, of
purchasing them, for they are no more fit to
eat than so much poison. The bird is not only
out of season, but the recent snow wtorm has
deprived it of its ordinary food, and it now has
to resort to anything it can procure, generally
the leaves of evergreen trees and bushes, some
of them rank poison. An individual'will eat a
pheasant for supper, and congestion of the
brain will ensue, or he will suddenly fall dead,
and the coroner's verdict will be apoplexy. A
whole family will be taken sick, and, unless
the peculiar habits of the pheasant are known,
the^ will seek in vain for the cause. l?eatli
frequently happens in this way. During the
British occupation of Philadelphia, when the
officers indulged themselves in pheasant shoot
ing on Wiss&hickon heights, seven persons
were poisoned at the supper succeeding the
sport. The bird, unable on account of the
depth of the snow to find his natural food, was
compelled to feed on the buds and leaves of
the laurel, (Kalmia La/iJ'olia.) Death ensued.
A scientific friend has just exhibited to us the
crop and intestiues, with the body of a pheas
ant, weing lib 14ijoz. The crop and stomach
were crammed with half decomposed laurel.
One pair of such birds might render a family
helpless for weeks, if not poison them to death.
[Philadelphia Ledger.
Alleged Panel Thieves.
The arrest of Wtn. Connelly, and Margaret
M. Duval, (the hitter being the female at whose
instance Judge Steuart was tried for alleged
corruption in office,) has already been men
tioned as haviug taken place in New York, to
answer a charge in Boston. The Courier thus
explains the matter:
"In September last, William F. Johnson, a
trader of Vermont, was in this city on business,
and while pecking a hotel was accosted by a
well-dressed man, who offered to show him on
his way. Mr. Johnson followed the stranger to
a house at the West end, where he was ushered
into a room and requested to wait a moment,
when ho should be taken to a hotel. While
Mr. Johnson was wailing, a female entered the
room, and became suddenly quite familiar with
him. In the midst of this two men rushed
violently into the room, charged Mr. Johnson
with taking improper liberties with the woman,
who the person who had brought Mr. J. to the
house alleged was his wife. He pretended to
be quite indignant, and paid no heed to the
protestation of innocence on the part of Mr.
Johnson, but finally seemed willing to settle
the matter in a financial way.
"After a good deal of negotiation, during
which various threats were made of violence
and prosecution if a settlement of the matter
was not immediately accomplished. Mr. John
son paid over the sum of $100?all that he had
about him?gave a note for floO more, and
signed a paper that he had made an aggravated
assault upon the "woman, and was willing to
make all the amend in his power. The sum
of $20 was then generously' returned to Mr.
J., in order to pay his expenses back to Ver
mont and after informing the police of the
facts, he im medially left for home."
It appears that the testimony elicited from
Mrs. Duval on the trial of Judge Stuart in
duced the Boston authorities to suspect that
she and Connelly (her reputed husband) were
the authors of the outrage on the Vermonter,
and hence their arrest. They have been held
to await the requisition of the Governor of Mas
sachusetts. ,
Tokoce Frozen* Fast.?In Cincinnati on
the 10th, one boy induced another to put his
tongue against a fluted iron lamp post?the
thermometer at that time indicating a tempera
ture far below zero. The tongue stuck fast, of
course, and the poor boy suffered great agony.
Several persons endeavored to release him, but
in vain. Matters; were in this situation for
over five minutes, when a gentleman named
Taylor went into the Telegraph House and
brought some hot water and whisky, with
which he bathed the tongue of the suffering
boy, finally liberating about one half, leaving
the other sticking to the post, where it remained
for the balance of the day, a warning to
youngsters how they recklessly lick cold iron in
freezing weather. Tho boy was taken to his
home in extreme agony.
A letter from Gottingen reports the
death of Professor Karl Friedrich Hermann,
in the 62d year of his age. Ho was one of
the best Philologists in Germany, and drew
many students to Gottingen.
The llotkncItllU* and th*lr Wtaltli.
The following are extracts from a letter
lately received at the Department of State
from Franckfort sur Maiue, dated the 10th of
December :
"There died in thin city, on (he Gth instant,
at the age of eighty-two years live mouths and
twenty four day*. Baron Amschel Mayer vou
Rothschild, Privy Counsellor of the Duke of
llesse Darmstadt, Privy Finance Counsellor of
th?i Elector of Hesse-Cassel, Privy Commer
cial Counsellor of the King of Prussia, Consul at |
Frankfort lor the Kingdom of Bavaria, Consul
General lor the Dut'hy of Parma, Commander
and Knight oi several high orderH, and chief and
senior of the celebrated banking firm of M. A.
Rothschild & Sons, of Frankfort on the-Maine.
"Thedecease of Baron Rothschild is still
the topic of conversation in the city. 1 dare
say that, in a long series of years, no event
lias created bo great a sensation and so much
attracted the attention of the whole population
as the decease of this person, lie was ren
dered popular, not only by his social position
and vast wealth, but by his personal appearance
and hahits. There was scarcely a man in
Frankfort to whom the 4 Old Rothschild' (as the
people called him) was not known. Every day,
when entering or leaving his banking house, he
was surrounded by a crowd of poor. His will
ingness to give and the good humor with which
he distributed his benefits were never disturbed
by the importunities of these turbulent assem
blages.
" Baron Rothschild was popular v.'ith all
classes, because his benevolence extended to
all distinctions of political and religious par
ties.
" He waa a rigid observer of all the require
ments of his faiih, to such a degree that, at the
sumptuous feasts to which he was invited or
which he ^ave at his own residence, he was
never known Jo touch any meat not prepared
according to the Jewish mode, and neither sick
ness nor inclemency of the weather was able to
restrain him from the performance of his reli
gious duties and ceremonies, lie belonged to
the orthodox fraction of the Jewish commu
nity, but his benefits extended to all alike.
" I have sec-n a list of yearly distributions
made for the account of Baron Rothschild,
from which it appears that not less than 2,GOO
Christian families had profited by his bounty.
The weekly 'distribution' for his account
amounted to at least ?>0,000 florins per year,
and probably an equal sum was sent abroad
for the relief of the indigent. Besides these
gifts he contributed to all public institutions of
charity, as well as for art, literature, and the
like.
" Whilst his liberality towards his fellow citi
zens afforded them a constant relief, his own
personal habits were extremely simple. With
such great wealth, favored with the friendship
and este6m of sovereigns, loaded with honors
and distinctions, Baron Rothschild never forgot
the origin of so exalted a position. The hum
ble cottage in the dark and narrow street
(called the 'street of the Jews') in which he
and his brothers were born, was visited by him
daily during the lifetime of his mother, who
could never be persuaded to exchange that
humble habi.ation for any of the sumptuous
palaces offered to her by the love and venera
tion of her sous.
"Baron Rothschild was no less kind and
affectionate towards his family at large. He
was married for more than fifty years, but had
no children. His wife died in 1848, and his
affections have been devoted to his sisters and
brethren and to their numerous progeny. He
was the eldest of five brothers, and outlived
them all, with the exception of one, (Baron
Jiwnes Rothschild, of Paris.) Two of them
(Charles and Solomon) died in the course of
last year.
"At another time I may extend this notice
of the personal character uf Baron Rothschild,
and give some details concerning his capacity
for business, of the skill, perseverance, and
good luck which enabled the Rothschilds to
extend all over the world their name and influ
ence ; to form a banking establishment whose
wealth and importance have been unparalleled
to the present time, and can scarcely be super
seded by their successors.
"The fortune left by Baron Amschel Mayer
von Rothschild is estimated at over sixty mil
lions of florins ; that left by Baron Charles, at
seventeen millions, and by Baron Solom at
forty-eight millions of florins.
"The will of Baron Rothschild was made in
1849. The charitable bequests are much less
important than the benevolence exercised by
him during a long course of years had pre
pared people to expect. Among other items
of the will are the following :
Florins.
To establish a " foundation''/'or the poor
Frankfort, to keep up the weekly dis
tribution of alms at the "Old Koths
child*' house, in the Mreet of the
Jews, &c 1.200,000
To furnish dowers to Jewit>h maiden*,
the interest on 50 000 florin*, (three
yearn' interest for one portion) f>0,000
For Jewish hospital* 2f>,000
For Jewish school* 0,000
To the society for encouraging Jewish
traders and workmen 10,000
For various Christian charitable institu
tion* 20,000
To pay for Jewish service in his dwell
ing (as heretofore) the interest on.... 2.'),000
To lO'ind a majorat in favor of his
nephew An*elm. ?on of Solomon 4.000,000
To hi* nephew Marin Charles, son of
Charles 1.000.000
''To a second son of Charles William he
gave his large house and gardens. The do
mains and properties possessed by the deceas
ed in different conn tries are likewise distributed
among the different branches of the Roths
childs, so that the greater bulk of this large
fortune remains in the family.
"The most pleasing feature in the disposi
tion mnde of this property is the provision to
continue forever the weekly distribution of
alms at the ' Rothschild old honse in the street
of the Jews.' This cannot fail to be an in
calculable benefittothe poor of Frankfort.
" The funeral of Baron Rothschild took
place on Sunday last, according to the simple
and modest custom of the Jewish religion.
The body was followed by his family, the at
tendants and friends of the house, by more
than one thousand persons of all classes and
religions, and by some one hundred and fifty
equipages. The ministers cf the Protestant
church also attended the funeral. Their se
nior, the Dean Frederick, expressed publicly
to Baron James Rothschild the thanks of the
community for all the benefits bestowed on it
by the deceased. In reply, Baron James said
that so long as the family of Rothschild con
tinued to exist th$ poor of Frankfort should
constantly enjoy their solicitude."
The Cask of Mrs. Gaikes.?A writer in
the New Orlcann Delta contends that Mrs.
Gaines is by no means certain of obtaining a
fortune by the late decision in her favor. He
quotes the opinion of the court to fortify his j
opinion, and adds:
The probate of a will is a mere ex parte pro
ceeding, and is always granted if the applicant
can make out a prima facie case, but it has no
bidding effect on anvor.e. Should Mrs. Gaine*
attempt to claim any property sold by her ex
ecutors tinder the former, the parties sued could
still, in addition to their other defenses, such as
prescription, attack the validity of the will, or '
as the court observes, u show that no such will
was executed."
The probability is that Mrs. Gaines would
not be able to recover nnything from Daniel;
Clark's estate, even if there were a valid will
in her favor, except what she might obtain by
compromises from parties who do not wish to
be annoyed by litigation, for the simple reason
lhat Daniel Clark's estate always was, and still ,
is insolvent.
I.orti John lluHill'a Letter about Nica
ragua.
The following is the letter of Lord John
llussell to Mr. Crampton, which was commu
nicated by the President to the Senate of the
United States, ou Thursday last, agreeably to
a resolution of that body:
London, January 19, 1853.
Sir : In treating of the affairs of the Mos
Suito, I must, in the first place, refer you to a
e*patch of Lord Malmesbury of the lGth July,
1852, upon this subject.
It is evident that since Great Britain first
assumed the protection and defence of the Mos
quito Indian*, the position of all parties has
changed.
First. Spain, instead of exercising absolute
sovereignty over Ceutral America, und prohibit
ing all commerce on the coasts under her sway,
has entirely lost her dominion over the conti
uent, from Cape Horn to Florida.
Second. The Mosquito Indians, instead of
governing their own tribe according to their
own customs, furnish a name and title to Euro
peans and Americans, who carry on trade at
Oreytown and along the coast ol Mosquito ac
cording to the usages of civilized nations.
Third. Great Britain, instead of having an
interest in the defence of the Mosquito Indians
for the sake of rescuing part of the territory of
Central America from Spanish coutrol and ob
taining an authority for her commerce, has no
other interest in Musquito than that which is
derived from an honorable regard for her old
connection with the Indian nation of Mos
quito.
Iler Majesty's Government has for several
years endeavored to suit her engagements to
the altered circumstances of the case, but every
proposal that has been made with this view had
encountered some insuperable obstacle, lhe
contentions in Central America between Nica
ragua, Costa Rica, and Honduras, the absence
of any authority with which any permanent
agreement could be made, unfounded jealousies
of Great Britain, and various other circum
stances have prevented a settlement of this
vexatious question.
In conformity with the opinions stated in
Lord Malmesbury's despatch of July 18th, to
which I have already referred you, I have to
state that the Committee of Government of
Greytown are in fact the real power that, ex
ercises authority in that part of Central Ame
rica. To her Majesty's Government it would
be a matter of indifference whether that au
thority was exercised in the name of the King
of Mosquito or in the name of Greytown itself;
but it is desirable that what is appareut should
be made to conform as far as possible with
what is real. What is apparent is, that the
King of Mosquito exercises sovereignty over
Greytown ; what is real is, that he had no au
thority there whatever, but that a committee of
Europeans and Americans carry on the gov
ernment of that port.
What her Majesty's Government, therefore,
would consider a good and final arrangement
would be?
1st. That Greytown should be a free and inde
pendent port, connected with Mosquito by such
relations of friendship and alliance as may be
agreed upon.
2d. That indemification or advantages equi
valent to those laid down in the project of con
vention of the 30th of Aptil, 1852, shall be
assured to Mosquito in return for its with
drawal front its present position in regard to
Greytown.
3. That Great Britain and the United States,
without guarantying Greytown, should be
ready to. act. in concert to defend the inde
pendence of the free city or port of Greytown
from whateve r quarter it might be attacked.
What is essential and of immediate impor
tance is, that the authorities of Greytown should
be ready to assume cither unqualified indepen
dence, with an engagement to defend Mosquito,
or a qualified independence, owing allegiance
and support to Mosquito.
For this purpose some person qualified to
treat should proceed at once to Greytown.
Whether a naval officer of her Majesty or a
civil one would be the fitter person to be en
trusted with this mission, I must leave you to
decide. It would be desirable if the Govern
ment of the United States should concur in
these views, that a new convention, in the
' place of the unaccepted project of agreement
of April, 1852, should be proponed and con
cluded, and that a person similarly qualified
should be sent by this Government at the same
| time, and for the same object.
I have only further to say that the indemnity
to Mosquito might possibly not be made in
money, bnt in greater security for a certain
fixed territory within which the free port of
Greytown, assisted by her Majesty's ships-of
war, might manage to defend the Mosquito
nation.
The Governor general of Canada and the
authorities in other of her Majesty's North
American possessions have made from time
lo time agreements somewhat similar. The
President of the United States has frequently
made conventions with Indians to the like
effect.
The peculiarity of this case is, that certain
neighboring States deny altogether the inde
pendence of Mosquito, and the Mosquito na
tion are liable every day to new incursions
upon their territory: We can make no com
plete provision against this danger. Our policy
is to do all that honor and humanity require
in behalf of the Mosquito nation; but we in
tend to adhere strictly to the treaty of Wash
ington of the 19th April, 1850, and not to
assume any sovereignty, either direct or in
direct, in Central America.
J. RUSSELL.
Memorandum in Mr. Everett's Handwriting.
?Mr. Crampton authorized me to communi
cate this to Congress in anyway I thought
proper.
tfciK* The American Almanac gives the fol
lowing a? the total population of the globe:
Africa .. 100,000.000
America 57.000,000
Asia 620.000,?>00
Australia 1.415.000
Europe 263,517 521
Polynesia 1,500,000
Total . 1,050,169,403
A Profitaw.e Venture.?A Boston ship
laden with ice, in frozen fnat near Richmond,
Yh., with ice two feet thick in the riv?r nnd
pond adjacent.
JONAS r?. LEVY.
Importtr and Df?l?r
IN
WINK*, M?lf(?ns, NEOA ItS,
and
FINE GROCERIES.
Grnml tommliitnn nml Forwardln|
Merchant,
No. 474 Penn. Avenue, two doors below U. S.
Motel,
WAtlttNGTON CITT, D. C.
07" N B. Country Merchant* are requested to
give me a call belore purchasing elsewhere.
Hr Also, Agent forthe Farmksa1 and Mkchanics'
Firic and Marink, and Lifk Insurance Company
of Philadelphia, for the port* and town* of Alex
andria, Va.. and Georgetown, D. C.
Oct 20?I y
W A SIIIIV ? TON IIH A NCII lUll.HUAl*
giffiscapw
THE TWAINS '
?f^ave Washington at 6 and hj a. m., nnd 3 and
4^ p. m.
Leave Ha In more at 4J and a. ni., and 3 and
P m
On Sundaya the only train from Baltimore la
that leaving at 41 a. m., and Irom Washington at
44 p. m.
May 5~tf. T. H. PARSONS, Agent

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