The national Republican., April 14, 1866, Image 1

About The national Republican. (Washington City [D.C.]) 1866-1870

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THE NATIONAl REPUBLICAN
PUBLI8I
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. JAMS J Cl'ABltt.
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HdiU XICIUtD WllUcn.kl.ror.
PK0P0SAL8 FOR SEWEH.
bfAToa'a Orrroa, April t, IMS.
BIltED rXOrOlaU will bo raooliod br Ibo lod.f.
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BAPPINQ PAPER FOB BALE AT
tka onca of tba nitloaal BapibUaaa.
VOL. VI.
Th
BPUBOH
ov
HON. THOMAS N. BTILWELL,
OP INDIANA,
ON' BECONSTEUCTION.
Delivered In the Ilon.e of Reprt
cutatlTCB, Februnrr D 1800.
Tho Homo being In tho Commlttco of the
w bole on the state of the Union
Mr. STILWELL said i
Mb. Oiiumuki From the 14th datfof
April, ie)01, whtn tho American Har wai
"""a on at ttt Sumter, until the surrender
of General Lee and Ma whnln urnvhifln,.
era! tirant, April 9, 185, the pcoplo of
viBTt.ii 01 me oi&ic. in wis union were in
armed rebellion against tho national Got.
eminent.
It wa the proclaimed object of the
rcoWo to eut tho threads of national Ufe,
tod sever the bonds of political Union.
It was tho proclaimed object of the na
tional Government to maintain its rightful
authority over theae Rtale. In ,., Ii.
laws ahd protect Its flag over CTcry foot of
mi. ti.uciy cnuuueu lerriiory; to marK and
punish rebellion as a flagrant crime; and to
brlnp: back tho deluded masses to a Union
which for nearly eighty years had spread
orer them tho raantlo of peace and pros
perity. ria ins..
That the public mind might be clearly In
formed of the issuo involved; that no one
might enter the army on either side under
misapprehension; that when the battle was
ended and peace again restored, there should
be no doubt or cavil in regard to the objects
of tho war, Congress, speaking In the name
of the nation, passed, on the 23d of July,
1861, by a nearly unanimous vote, tho fol
lowing resolution:
''That this war U not proiaealad apoa oar tart
In aaj aplrlt or oppreialoo, nor for anr parpeab of
eonqoait or ittbjogatloo. nor porpon of ova rtbrow
lngar Intarfarlng with tba rights or titabliihad
tnHMotloDl of thoaa Ctatea, bat to dafand aod
nalotalo tba aapnmaoy of tba Conitltatlon and alt
lattamadaln ponaaneo tharoofand to praaarta
tba Union wltb all tbo dlgollr, iqailltjr, andrlgbli
of tho lararal Btataa no)mpalrd( that aa loon at
thoia objaots ars soooaapllihed tbo war ontht to
oaua."
ITS 0BLI0AT10RS.
Thero Is not in tho whole history of legis
lation an act of greater solemnity, or a cow
tract more binding. Am I Wrong hi calling
it a contract? Did it not pledge tho national
faith to every ono to arms, that v, hen he
should capitulate, tho rights of his State and
of self-government should be preserved to
his children and kindred, even though ho
might suffer the penalties of the lawf
Did it not pledgo thtt national faith to
every Union man in tho southern States,
that, if he would stand fast to the Govern
ment, all his rights should be protected, and
when peace should come, be fully restored to
him! Did it not pledge the national faith to
every man who enlisted In the service of his
country, that no love of power, no lust of
conquest, no military subjugation, shoVild
enter into tho purposes of tho wart bul that
it was waged merely to prcsrrvc, not tg Oc
stroy Oovernmrntt
Have not thoj0 m tfl0 BOuthern States who
have beer;, true to their allegiance amid the
mo. Dittcr persecutions known in tho annals
of history, who havo seen their dwellings
burned and their fields desolated, and who
have fled to their mountains for refuge, and
raised the Sag on their summits, no claim to
tho fulullment of this pledge? Have thorn
at the North, who rushed lo iho battle-field
to preserve national unity and restore na
tional iraicmirr.no ngnt to insist on too ful
fillment of this pledge, without which they
would have remained at hornet lias not tho
nation itself a right to demand on this floor,
and everywhere, that its plighted faith and
its Eacrcd honor, uliich have BUrviVcd the
storm of revolution, shall not perish in tho
halls of Its own Uaoitol?
It is said, I know, that one Congress Is not
bound by tho acts of a previous Congress,
and that what was done in 18C1 is not bind.
mg in 18G6. Can this be so? Is tho rtfciW
ui vim uuuuuai mini to pay money moro
binding than when ft was mado to preserve
Government and protect liberty? Is tho mU
lionslre, who stays at homo and lends his
money, a moro favored creditor of tho nation
than ho who shoulders his musket and goes
to the field under tho solemn fledge That
oiaio institutions snouiu survtto trie shock
of battle? National faith is essential lo no.
tlonal life. It is the cementing bond of
union, tno nooicst attribute or government,
and tho virtue nearest allied to the great
source of omniscient Wisdom ahd lustico.
This resolution adopted in tho first year of
President Lincoln's administration, shaped
ins policy and was the guiuo or his public
life. All his act. had reference to it; under
it ho declared that to save the Union (that
is, to preserve the States) was the first and
great dutv. To this evcnrthini! was made
subservient. If It could be dono by protect
ing slavery, then slavery was to bo protected.
If it could best bo dono by destroying sla
very, men slavery was to do uestroyeu. iieuce,
his administration was simnle. straightfor
ward, and consistent, and it is n matter of
record that this policy received tho unani
mous support oi uis i'auinet.
Ills address to tho people of Washington
on the 13th of April. 18C5. the last nubile
act of his life, was the most studied, compre
hensive, and perfect of the many papers
which he has left for the instruction of pos
terity. It recapitulated all tho principles
laid down in tho resolution, and gate to it a
practical and tangible form The system was
perfect in all its parts, and complete in all
its details. Tho time for practical applica
tion had come, and that application was
about to be made by him, when the hand of
the assassin deprived tho nation of its head,
the Constitution of its wisest defender, and
tho Stato governments of their truest friend.
lly tho action of our institutions the re.
sponsible duty of carrying out theso meas
ures devolted on tho Vlco President, An
drew Johnson. Hero a wide field of ambi
tion was opened to tho now President. Ar
mies were to be employed or disbanded, old
States proscribed, or new ones brought into
existence, tho policy of the old Administra
tion was to be continued, or a new policy
adopted, andMo all remember how the na
tion held its breath while theso questions
were under advisement.
At length the decree came forth that tho
policy of Abraham Lincoln was to be con
tinned, that tho resolution of July 23, 18C1,
which had fonned the platform of the war,
was also to be the platform of peace ; and
that those who had pinrred their faith on the
solemn declaration of Congress, were not to
be dissauDOinted.
The South immediately showed signs of
national life. Industrv.anuarentlvdead.be-
gan to revive), confidence, which had been
WAsniNGTpN
Omclrt AdftrtlmmU f Ul th KxoewUTt
tost, returned with a bold step; 'and hope,
Which was about to erpiro; was again lighted
up In the iiearts of the people. Tho north
felt that their labors had not been in vata;
that they were again to have a whslo country,
a united country, and that the blood which
had been ahed on many battle-fields would
but cement and preserve our Union.
Congress had laid down tho rule. Presi
dent Lincoln had Interpreted It, ahd Presi
dent Johnson accented the Interpretation
and followed it. How earnestly he has la
bored to carry forward this great work i bow
many great cUlficulties have been Interposed
tOvtt North and South, to Its final accom
plishment) how party Strife has at last come
in unbidden. oVth in tho hour of tho nnlion'a
greatest peril, to thwart the holy purpytrbs of
Jjnlon and fraternity, I need not stop tl aay.
That tho matured plans of President Lincoln,
faithfully carried out by President Johnson,
will finally bo accepted by the American
people, is my firm belief and earnest hope
CotSllli
Bines the opening of tho session of Con
gress many new theories of reconstruc
tion have been put forward. For tho
past four years the Ingenuity of the
legal profession ha employed Itself in
demonstrating that tho Union of the States
is Indissoluble; that the Constitution has
conferred no power either Oh the Supreme
Court, on Congress, oh tn several States, or
on tne pcopio or trie States to break tho
bonds of its authority and release the people
from their allegiance. We had supposed
this to bo a political attorn. After four
years of bitter ttrlfo we had hoped that tho
bond of our Union, after it had been bathed
In tho blood of a half million of patriots,
would nover again bo called ih qtiwltbn.
But, Mr. Chairman, in this wo aVo mistaken.
The argument ttr the gifted and eloquent
gcnllemah from Ohio, Sir. Shellabarger, dc
Ilrered In this Hall on tho 8th of January,
goes to prove that there is a ipower Within
tho- GoTernmcnt which can destroy it, and
that .that power has been successfullycxerted.
He has labored to provo that a noble Union
of thirty-six States has been shattered In
pieces, and that eleven of those States,
broken and dismembered, aro now drifting
on thp. billows of revolution like tho hulks
of a fleet disabled and scattered by tho storm.
And, sir, by what train of argument has ho
reached a conclusion so opposed to the na
tional Instinct and Ihtt convictions of the
public Judgmebt
He has soarched the law of nations to find
tho definition of a State, m It lives in the
family of nations an independent soverelgn-ty,co-equal,
existing under certain conditions,
Arm nnaapaslnr, pnpfaln attit..,n. nil iLh.
sir, has applied that definition to the State's
of our Union the Stales of a constitutional
Government, In which each derives its char
acteristics and its attributes not from the
law of nations, but from a written Constltu
Hon defining and limiting tho powers of each
and all. and markinir with nprtinnV thail
lomt and several duties and their mutual re
lations. His whole argument, based on his
ueumiion oi a Btalc, tbfrerore Talis lo the
ground, for tho argument cn ippliy only to
what is covered by tie definition, apd hence
it entirely Inapplicable to States as they exist
Wider out form of government.
ADHIIllOM or STATES AHD THABO1!
The ecntlcman from Ohio has bestowed
much learning and labor on the question of
summing statu into tne union, ana lias
Sointed out very clearly tho antecedent con
itions of such admission, liut, sir, does all
this show that the rights which are conferred
by admidsion can bo forfeited afterward?
Docs It show that a State can go out of the
Union aa well as into it ?
'Treaion agalnit tba Unttad Btataa shall oooilat
in lavjlog war agaloat thanr, br in adbarlog to tbilr
onimlai. glrtog Cham aid and ootnfort."t-Wifu.
raa, on. 3, ue 8.
Docs this apply to Individuals or to Stales ?
Tho ne jt paragraph answers the Question :
"No paroo ahstl 1 oonvlctad of traaioa nolau
en tba Uillmony of two wltnoual to tba lams orirt
sot, or on oonfwilon la opon eoart.11
Now, sir, tho Constitution gives no defini
tion of treason as applied to a State. It Is
tho treason of tho individual which tho Con
stitution defines anil Tor which it prescribes a
punishhient. This, sir, is both the letter and
the spirit of the instrument. In neither a
paragraph or a line of that instrument is
there any allusion to the expulsion or punish
ment of a State. The person or individual
Is alono referred to, and tho State, as sUcb, is
in nowise held responsible The Uo eminent
has retained in its own hand the povcrand
right to punish treason. Having dono this,
would it do just to hold a State responsible
Vrhcn its citizens commit treason? Can Con
gress Impose such responsibility?"
WBATTB. Cosim&TlOM flUABARTIKS
"Tba Uoitad btata iball guaranty to anrj Stato
In tblt Union a rapoblloan form of govarnmant,
and ahall protaot oaab of tbam agaloat IotbiIod,
and oa application of tbo Laglalatora, or of tba Ex
eotlra, (whan tba Laglalatora oanaot ba oonranad,)
agalnit domntlo violanoa "CoHififufioM, art i,
ice d.
Now, sir, what does this article of the Con
stitution guaranty ? A republican form of
government. To whom does It guaranty it?
To every Stato in this Union. Does it
guaranty it to States out of tho Union?
Certainly not. This power, therefore, can
only be exercised by Congress over States in
the Union, and not over States out of it. In
fact, sir, tho Constitution never contemplated
the case of a Stato going out, or being out,
of the Union. Gentlemen on this Door havo
labored, with milch astuteness and learning,
to show how a State may go out of the Union,
and that, under their way, eleven of the
States hat e actually gono out.
I beg leate to remind those gentlemen,
with great respect, that although the modo is
somewhat novel, the principle Itself is not
new. It Is tho samo princlpio which first ap
peared in tho celebrated resolutions of I'M,
which was revived under the name of nullibV
cation by John C. Calhoun in 1830, and cul
minated in secession in 1661. It lytlio same
t icious principle which has scducid tho hearts
of a portion of our people from their alle
giance, to government, which has trampled on
our flag, which has bathed our land in blood
and filled our homes with mourning. I had
hoped, sir, that four years of war, and such a
war, had wiped out forever from the public
mind ei ery thought of nullification, secession,
and disunion, and that wo had emerged from
tho bloodtlcontest with but cUto natural
pulsation, that the States "are ono and in
separable, now and forever."
The gentleman from Ohio has been at
great pams to show that tho Government
has a rightto treatevery individual of aStatc
:rymaivi(iuaioi aoiaic
lion as a public enemy;
guilty of treason and
ishlp, while the Const!-
tnat nas been in re oeuion as a
that is. adludiro him
dcDrivo him of citizens'
tution expressly provides that no person
shall be convicted of treason unless on the
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt
act. or on confession in open court."
What, Mr. Chairman, would be the practi
cal operation or this new doctrine or ton
structive treason: of detlarlnir that whenever
by fraud or violence a State government
crrv, d. c, Saturday morning,
DrwrtmBU f tka GwTornmo.it m PblUk.t
H
should be Interrupted or overthrown the
(nbole people within IU birtlcrs, as a body,
should be treated at riublio enemies and be
yond the protection of the GeneraSKovem
ment Would it not at bnce trflofer the
allegiance of every citizen from the national
to tno State government, and effectually de
stroy our entire system ? When the itorms
of tumult and civil discord should rage, would
Iho affrighted citizen fly to the flag of hi
country only to be told that his State liad
rebelled and that he himielf wal a traitor ?
What herved tho arms and Inspired the
hearts of so many true patriots In the South
during the recent struggle ? It was the con
viction that citizenship could only be lost by
inmviuuai acts anu not lorieuca oy toe acts
of others. It was the conviction that the air
they breathed was the atmosphere of the
whole nation, and that when the storm had
passed It would again be pure, invigorating,
iiu ueacciui.
I know of no people, In any age or coun
try, who adhered to their alleiiance with
greater fidelity, met danger with more de
termined bravery, who oDercd up their lives
more cheerfully, ahd bore 'the flag of their
Country through fiercer storms thantlie Unioh
men nf th flmith. Anitrmv .TnhrlhnH In n
speech to the peoplo of KnoiVlllc, thus de
scribes inair condition t
'Ur eoutryman 1 my fasart yaarni toward yon,
1 I am ono of yon. I havo ellmbad voodar
moontaloB, rook rlbbad and glowing In looihlob.
ia whola Korgaa, in wboio caTlrnlyoor aoni, hnntai
Ilka laaaatli bavs fallan to rita no moro I do not
ipaak ct lhaao things to draw voir taan It la
not tho lima for tian, but for blows I ipaak of
tbam that I may fit yoor arms for noeonqaarabla
fight. And I ipaak of ,tham bteaoro tba moootaln
iiomi to Ulk to toll My hoars Is among tbo moun
tains, ltd, though It Ii not far away, 1 caooot go
to It It la tbo pUeo wbora 1 mat and lovad bar
who Ii tha mothar of my thlldran. Do I not lova
tba mountain! 1 And if llbarty Is to aspire. If
fraadomlt to bo daitrojad, u my eountry In all lta
length and breadth la to tramblo baoaalh tbo
Oppratior's tread, let tho flag, tho dear old flag, tha
last flag, be planted on yon rocky helgbta, and opon
it let tnero ba this loilrtpUon l 'llaro II the end
of all that Is diu to thshelrl ind siered to tho
meraer ef man I"
Tho doctrinojof tho gentleman from Ohio
treats theso men as public enemies, and
deems them to havo forfeited their political
rights. And indeed, sir, his doctrine has re
ceived somo sanction from tho action of the
House Itselr. The time, however, must
come, and that soon, when we shall bo
brought fate to fafcb bh all these great ques
tions. We must decide whether those who
were members of Congress during the most
critical period of the rebellion, (including the
President himself.! who went home ind en
countered all its furies, and ha,o come hack
ith certificates of election, arc to bo ad
mitted, or are to be shot down, as rebels, at
the door of tho Capitol, not by the bullets of
tho enemy, but by the votes of Congress.
WBSB BSrsilSITATlVSS I.OVLO SB AbBITTSO
Ttnmr-lliftlpltr HflhV Ihn Iwl lloHr ellrtffnHn,.
of the rebel armicB, the President had to ac
cent the civil surrender of the people. Tho
session of Congress had Just terminated, and
they would not reassemble until December.
The Cabinet, the legal ndvigcrs of Mr. Lin-
coin, were at tncir post, and tne I'rcildent
solicited their counsel and aid. All that
Congress had asked, as conditions precedent
to reconstruction. Was tho adohtloh of I lie
constitutional amendments which they had
passed. I tlunk it llllist be ailrallted that
after these had been accepted, in good faith,
no subsequent conditions could justly be im
posed. The, President, hokever, acting in
the trtlo spirit that had governed Ins prede
cessors, went eten beyond what he or Con-
conditions which Cohgress had prescribed
tho utter repudiation of the confederate debt
in ail its forms, and a full guarantee to the
African race of entire equality v, ilh the, whites
in all matters affecting personal liberty and
civil rights.
My sentiments on these matters ore fully
stated in tho following resolution nhlch I had
the honor of presenting to this House oh tho
19th day of December:
'ifirofia. That whan tho people who hare been
In rebellion agalnit the Government havo submit
ted to tbo lawi of tbo United Btataa, adopted .repub
lican form ofgOTernmeot, repealed the ordinance of
leoeillon, paaied tba oonatltutlonal amendment for
ever abollablog llarery, repudiated the rebel debt,
and palled lawi proteotlog the freedmao In bli
liberty; tbo repreientatlTel of thoio pebpto elected
to Oobgrctt, and havlog received th.lt certlDcatee
of election from tbelr rerpectlre Qovernorr, ahould
bo received at member! bf the Thirty Ninth
Oontreri when tbey iball take the oath preacrlbed
by too lait Coogriu, known as the teat oatb, with
out delay."
Under such conditions, when they aro
complied with ill gbpll faith, Mr. Chairman,
I am ready to voto for the admission imme
diately of all loyal men who come here and
take the prescribed oath that "thev hate
never voluntarily assisted In the rebellion "
nat power, sir, nas a right to exclude sucn
representatives ? If the rights of one man
cannot be taken away by the misconduct of
another, the loyal citizens of every Statu of
this Union have an equal right to he repre
sented here. And when, sir, the subject lias
been fully considered, I feel that that ri(,ht
will be cheerfully and speedily accorded
QUI tonal.. B.I..TI0.1
Arc there not, Mr. Chairman, stronc mo-
thes arising out of our foreign rclutlons that
should urgo us to harmony, fraternity, and
union? Without theso we can ncter ho
great, wo can never bo strong. No sooner
had tho echo of tho first gun fired at humler
reached the British isle, than the old lion
shook tho dew-drops from his mane and be
gan to growl. During tho entire struggle,
a rumbling sound ran tnrougu me entire
British empire, indicating a wish to strike us
if the happyraoment should arrive. Priva
tcerB were fitted out under tho very eye of
the Government to prey upon our commerce,
insulting paragraphs appeared in all their
public. Journals, protection and sjmpathy
were extended to rebels by public meetings
and on all public occasions, and we wcro in
debted for the preservation of peace to our
great strength and tho bravery of our troopH
m the field. France, our ancient ally, and
who went witn us, sine by side, tnrougu tne
Revolution, also Bought to profit bv our
misfortunes, snd sent an army to Mexico to
overturn a sister republic ami cstabiisu tlicro
a monarchy, in direct hostility to the policy
of our Government, proclaimed to the world
forty j ears ago and followed implicitly by
every Administration to tho present time.
Now, sir, with a knowledge of these factB,
indicating a settled purpose abroad to profit
by our divisions at home, is it wIbo to foment
civil discord and divide In interest and senti
ment this irrcut nation, which should be
bound together by all tho ties which can
unite a pcopio i
ooariNA.csa
T he finances of a nation aro alike tho ev
idences ofltsgrcatneBs and the foundations of
its power. ISo subject engages so earnestly
tho attention of a statesmun as how to make
labor most useful and productive 'Iho
southern States areeanabla of nroducintr at
tho present moment, by a rightly adjusted
april 14, isoa.
In thla Pmpor by Awtbort ty W TUB pnRllDEHT.
syitem of labor, four million bales of cotton
per annum, which at present prices would be
worth 800,000.000; add to this $100,000,
000 for fico ahu tobacco, and wo havo an an
nual amount, at nrescnt prices, fnr fhrr-e .r.
tides alone, of one third of our entire nation
al debt ow.Mr.ChalrmanJnstcad of bring
ing these people back into tho Union, en-
couraging and developing their Industry,
rnakihgthemagoiha part of the Gorcm
lrlet,l ahd obliging them lo Cohtnbhle their
full share In the payment of the national
debt- there an m.n rin IMa Aha, vhn annM
expend 850,000,000 annnally for the poor
gratification ofkeeplng them out of the Union
for four years longer. Wo have been light
ing for four years to bring them back into
tin, uuiuu. Anu now, sir, is mil ou,UUU,U0U
to be furnished ? It is to ba enller-btrl hv
the tax-gatherer from the honest laborer of
lOO -NOTUL. la it worth whlla In ,priR-n ia
much for passion and resentment? Is it not
better to calm sectional strife, to heal the
wounds of the nation, to absorb in the cur
rent of a healthy public sentiment tho dis
loyalty which jet bursts from a few hearts
as tho mighty river carries the httlo rills
which Issuo from the mountain side ?
.L.etlV. v.-ertKa-l
In regard to tho subject of elective fran -
cnise, i agree with the President in his mes-l
sage, wmen sayst
" .Then, at the fint movemeot toward! lndepud
once, the Coograiloftk. foiled Btataa Inatructed
tho literal Btatee to Initltut. government! of tbelr
own, they left eeeh Btate to decide for llielf tbt
conaiuonl lor tbo enjoyment or tb blectlt. frin
obli. '
I heartily concur In He abovei ahd believe
that the reirulation of the electivA franr-ruiA
in all the States, and the qualifications of
electors ociong to ine stales each lor itself,
and are subjects in which Congress, under
me uonsutution, nas no right to interfere;
the policy of the President on this, as well as
on many other subjects, was to preserve the
Government as he found it, and not to make
a new one, Iho Conitltution of the United
States having referred the matter of suffrage
to the States, and Invested them with tho ex
clusive power over it, and it was not coni-S-tent
for tho President to interfere with a pre
rogative so expressly conferred upon them,
and so long exercised by them.
I ttill not. Mr. Chairman, pursue this sub
ject further. I rejoice in the great good
wmcu ine recent contest nos produced. 1
hope wo may reap all its legitimate fruits. I
hopo it will make us a great and united peo
ple, Viith one language, one heart, one des
tiny. I rejoice, sir, that the African race has
risen to the condition of freedom In the
dispensations of Providence, the nation laid
its hands on the boned captnes and they
sprang to the dignity of freedom. It touched
their sightless eyes and they opened to the
morning light of perpetual liberty. At the
beginning of the contest they appeared to be
the orphans of Providence! at its rlnsn lhf-v
were tho wards of the Republic. Under
Providence, tho guiding legislation of Con
gress, and the wisdom and justice of those
tncy iivo among, mcy aro now to go forward
to their final destiny. Storting as men, with
Kericci cqaiity ucioro tne law, they will soon
ecoine an important part of the body poli
tic. Time will wear awav preiudice. and soon
reconcile all parties to the new condition of
things.
Mr. Chairman. I am hopeful of the futtiro.
The Constitution, as it stands, is the bond of
perfect unioh ahd the guarantee of Innumer
able blessings to this people. Under It v,c
havo grown to a great and powerful nation
it seems to mo to emoracc witmn us amnio
folds every Stato and every individual of
each State, whether ho be rebel or loyal; and
mat it nas lull power to punisn tne ene anu
protect the other. I hope, sir.tliat in settling
tho grave question beforo us, ve shall keep
within the bounds of this great charter of
our liberties, and that no consideration of
party adrantoire or political pon er v ill sw crt c
us from the line of duty at a moment so crit
ical. If this bo so, too futuro presents no
difficulties. Tho eleven cchpseil stars will
puss froln under tho shadows which now ob
scure them, and return to tho pure light of
a restored and happy Union.
Geoboe Wilkiss Kendai u "ex-Santa Pu
prisoner," writing toa friend in this city from
Kendall county, Texas, under date of March
4, 1866, says: "1 am alive, ahd think that if
tho last strugglo for existence was now upon
me, thoso standing close around would find
that I had the strength to kick smartly; in
other words, for ono of my years I am hale,
healthy, and hearty, tough as a broiled owl,
if you will, and do nut claim age in any work
before me, from lifting a saw-log to jumping
a rail. I have rudo health, a clout constitu
tion, a cl-'iir conscience, a good set of lungs,
and the tools u ith which 1 slatted out in life
head, hands, and sound limbs generally,
and In the general flipping up of coppers, I
still think, by judicious thumbing, I can oc
casionally turn up heads perhaps oftener
than many men ol my )cars, and I'll always
flip fiir Although waxing closo upon three
score jears, I do not, as I said before, claim
ago of any man can shy an omnibus as
ljuick us a rat-terrier in siiort, am acute.
Of tho futuro hosats. "I hopo to bo able
to make enough to provide liberally for m
family, trust that thero will alwajs bo bread
and cheese in the cupboard when tho chil-
Iren are hungry, and blankets enough on the
bed to keep them comfortable when
they aro cold and in tho way of education
I shall stnvo hard to see that they
uro not as destitute as some. In iome re
spects they aro alieady tolerably well ad-
anceu, mey can an reuti, wruo nnu speak
English, French and German, and can all
work.
I ain now in treat v with two vounir men
from Massachusetts to take rav sheen on
shares for tho coming eighteen months If
wo conclude tho contract,! hopo to bo ablo
to take ono ot tho steamers Irom ew ur
leans to Litcrpool about the lBt of net Au
gust, remain on the other side somo three or
lour weeks, comeback in a Cunardir to Bos.
ton ubout tho last of September, bhiko hands
wltb jon all, and gel Homo bj tno m oi No
vember. Oflote jears I havo taken to hunting tur
kej s with a vim and a relish, brought home
two 22 lb gobblers fat, tender, Juicy andde
licious three nights ago, which 1 had tumbled
into off the Cypresses on the liandalotipe, by
moonlight. I wisli I could send jou a speci
men, jou would talk turkey for threoweeks "
tlotton Foal.
Prtservatioi or Friscoe bv Means or
IARAmiE. Vohl coats the picture with a
saturated solution of parafilne in benzole,
and when tho solvent has evaporated, washes
the surface with a very soft brush Parafiino
has tho advantage over other greasy matters
of not becoming colored by time. Dtmler't
Journal nml Bulletin tie la Socitte IViim.
uyiif, (le , Fib 1866 A similar solution,
we may add, has been used in Kngland for
the preservation of photographs Chemical
B.?- 1
AVus.
no. 117.
Speech of Hon. Andrew Btewnrt, of
a'ennB Ivnuln.
At a recent meeting of citizens adhering
to thollepublican party, held at Unlontown,
rennsyirama, tne lion, axdbiw Stbwaiit
was chosen ihainnan, and, upon coming for
ward, delivered the following speech, amid
great enthusiasm :
Mr. Stewart, on reconstruction, said that
the last Congress had adjourned without
adopting any plan, leaving tne 1 resident to
adopt one or his own. lie did soa plan
just and generons to the South, based "on
tne great centraridca oi loyalty" loyaityto
the Constitution and the union. None hut
loyal men, he said, could be allowed to hold
office, or participate in the Government. He
f 'resumed Congress would admit none but
oval men. This plan was sanctioned br his
enlightened Cabinet; it worked hko charm;
it gave tho President immediatcand absolute
control of the Southern people. He issued
his edicts; they were obejea. He required
them to repeal their ordinances of secession ;
thev did it. He required them to ratify the
abolition of slavery: to abolish It in tin ir
State constitutions ; to repudiate their rebel
8,ate debts; to give tho frccdmenthcirrlghts.
"owever uistasteiui, tncy urn it. Aided by
his Immense patronage, and cxactimr loraltv
as the only condition of Executive favor, the
President was fast building up a loyal Union
party in mo nfutn, strong enough to keep
down the cut-throats and fire-eaters without
the expensive aid of a standing army or
Freedraen's Bureau. "
In this state of affairs the present Congress
met. Certain talented, bold and adroit men,
hostilo to the Prcsidcht. threw themselves
Into tho lead, dexterously introduced antago
muic resolutions, not to onntj tn Dut Keep
out all the Southern States and people, loyal
and dislojal, alike thus virtually corning
out the object of secession itself. Without
debate they promptly called the aj es and
noes, compelling the Republican party to
vote with (Vietoi or With the Democrat; thus
forcing tho oartv into a false nosilion. from
which they must in some way escape, or the
party and the country be ruined. These
Northern fanatics, with the Democrats, are
now making icinf efforts the one to Aiot
and the. other to coax tho President out of
the Republican party. They will fail. But
suppose they succeed? What would be the
condition of the country? Thus hostilo and
exasperated. Congress would reject all meas
ures of the President and ho would veto all
theirs. Thns the legislation of tho Govern
ment woflld be brought to a dead lock, and
of course Congress had better adjonrn and go
home, and then what? Then should tho con
troversy continue, the Republicans could not
of course unite with men who would divide
the party, and of course would select others
uncommitted, dividing the country, perhaps.
Into threo parties, the Democrats, the liadi
calt and the great Johnson or Constitutional
party, standing between the two extremes.
and rallying to tncir Bianu.ru uw guou uuu
true men of all parties to savo the country.
And mey win save it; mey win oo aucccssim
because right, the majority will go right in
the end, if not, the fountain of power being
corrupted at its source, republican Institutions
must fall.
Mr. Stewart said he had served several
years in Congress with Andrew Johnson.
He knew him well, and he never knew a
firmer, purer, or moro patriotic man; a man
who. bv his talent and unaided efforts, had
raised himself by regular steps from the very
lowest to the highest position in the world.
lie nan gooa sense nnu goon principle, nu
instincts are all right, and he can't go vcrong.
You can neither drive or seduce him. He
saw this tried in the Senate when the leaders
of the rebellion, having failed to seduce, un
dertook to denounce nun as a traitor to the
South; but ho turned upon them like a lion
on so many curs, and by an outbunt of in
dignant, withering, ond overwhelming elo
quence, actually drot o many of them from
their seats It was on this occasion he said :
Wprn I President 1 would arrest ou. try
you, and If cohvicted, lo help me God I
would hong you," and certain gentlemen
have lately discovered that he retains a Httlo
of this old fire still.
But It is to be hoped that these difficul
ties will soon be healed and harmony return,
and that the Republican party will again be
uniteii, ahd all parties ugaln vie with each
other in npplanding the President, as they
did on tho reading of his message at the
opening or the present session a ming mat
neeet bMore occurred in this country; ond
when the flurry u oter the denunciations of
tho ultra men in tne norm win serve io
strengthen tho President with tho Southern
people, who go by tho " rulo of contrary,"
with these mm, and thus essentially aid him
In bnngihjr them back into the Union. Thus
all may turn out for tho best in the end
Tlicro is a Providence in alt tbihgi; "there
is u di lmty that bhupes our ends, rough hew
them as wo may " Wo buw dark ond lower
ing clouds during the war. Wo sec them
now Hut God and brave men saved the
country then, and God and good men will
sate it now.
HonrilluK lit Waiihiun;toii.
A humorous correspondent of tho Provi
dence l're, who calls himself KlihuT. Burt,
has a clet er hit at hotel rates in Washington!
where he makes it appear he resides at pres
ent during a "spell" of office-hunting. He
sa)8.
"When I larst writ to you I w as putting
up at a fust-class hotel, but 1 had to leuto lu
a double-quick meter, the prices was so
high I went into that house with high and
buoyant hopes, and I came out clean busted,
and my flftcen-dollar watch is hanging now
on a nail over the cashier's desk. '1 ho fol
lcring bill which I rcsco ed may git o J ou
some slight Ideo how It is that tatern keepers
pay such heavy inciim taxes I intend to
bring my Klihu junior up to kee p a Wash
ington hotel He s got many of the quallfi
shuns for the nosi.li. being sassy, arrogant.
brassy, blustering, and bullying. Ho could
kick a pore man and fawn upon a rich con
tractor with ckwil alacknty. But here Is the
little bill
Mr Etlka T Burt to Serece, Qrebill Co , Dr
Board nd room II day.) lis oo
IT.a of room furallori (aura) SCO
Fire (ailra) 0 00
Oaa (iln) loo
Uae of bad olotboa (ailra) ISO
Prlak 0 00
P.a of tabtao at raoili (oslre) 100
lUlaittold "DoB't'kiow1 (.Bin) SO
H.lif told Caa't aay" (extra) OO
( arrtlal bif sate to aad from room (oztra) S so
Prtrilrseof aplltooae (elln) 1 00
Add lea per ceat for eaak I S3
"I pade that bill although it reduced me to
thptMmiatninnrv. and then left the house.
entertolnlng no animosity toward the public
spirited propryetors thereof, for I knew that
sum men must live, and havo their small
niiAtilBi jvtft fn el nmnll IB. I1 1 "
1'iuui nu "" ""'
raw wAwviw.f. w.-rr.r.rniv
b rsalllked every er'.lar (la.diyo exee-ited) by W.J
t. (tratAH C, 111 Birth etreot, end U firaleaad,
I. eabeertbero (a? aarrleraj .1 71 eoatc pat SM.IV
Mill aibeerlt-era, tS.0) per liail HOO far etc
Hatha aad It 00 for lira, raealka, aeartalf-f out-'
Mace. Tito copied ..I year, 930. 00. t
Stagta eeptoe, S Mate.
TUT WXIXLT JIAT10JIAL BITOBLiCAH
U pibtUkad every Friday monUff l Om mrr 7
tl 00 Three loplaa ... year, 0.00 1 Tea eeplee m.
yaar.HSOO.
-u.no.va 'WAR. UOM04
Up, brolhroi, opt Tno wofl,t la not
Bo bad u torn would uaka It)
Althoog h wa tilt a rtobWn lot,
Tba pUw of UU eta kroak Itf
Aad wheat -a im of amUr frtth ,
1Th!U appla bloom aod blaaalog ehantaf,
VTIII fooii rvplttt tbt thlitla growth
Ana bittar DnuaitDTTiM
Tor Ufa' m Hold, a foodlj Sold,
Whart iklU aod long oadaaTor
Can mako tbo barm. wIMtrnaaa
Aa Edtn borer forort r
Wbortrar re aown bide yon go,
D prompt and firm to followj
Ka'or bollj a booM on Ago'i mow-
Tradition li bat hollow.
WHh ejea that aoror ahu Iho light,
Eren thoofh It ihow yoar pait mlMhaaeof.
Ride down tho phantom brood of night
With troopi of gallant faaelee.
For l.tVa" a fight, a itobbora fight
Wbero fcopo and lYoah ondearor
Can orereomo the botU of Car,
Fortrtr and fortrer.
Should torn beta yon In opon
Some bleak and Ion el r mountain,,
Ne'er ilgh for tho foraknlain, .
And ilIowhadd fonntaicr
Bat, on tho lightning ihlrered top,f
Learn of tbo eagl telf rollaneo.
And Jot tha whlrlwlndi. aa tbej drop,
Hear down jonr bold defiance.
Tor life i a fight, a gallant fight.
Where heart and itrong endeaTof,
Shall win tho palm and wear tho pain
Forerer and forerer
Berlfgod In Want'i deaplied retreat,
v And with reeonroo bat icant,
FIloa orer half jott'd Hko to eat.
Tba man may think you're plenty:
'Twaa thai the Qoth wu drtren from Borne,
And 'tie a maxim broadly Roman,
WhaU'er tbo teara that fill at homo,
Laugh load boforo yoar foemaa
For life's a elege, a long-drawn liege,
A flare, protracted trial,
Whor fate forerer gWao th palm
To hop and lelf-denlal.
Should tfaoeo you friended In dlitreo
Fergt yon 'til tho fashion
Ne'ar let them know their worthleitaei a
Had power to mot yoor pasiionj
Bo eocl, and imlle the war of Ufa
Again may plaeo yon far abor them,
And, vhould yon ebaoce to meet tn atrife,
Then ptore how much yon lor them 1
For life 'a a fight, a TarylDr fight,
Dofeat aod victory blended
Though Wrong may tilamph for awhile,
Right wlna r all la ended !
Should abe who ahared yoar Samxner lot
Now than yoar oold oareuea.
Oh, blame her not oh, hart her not !
4 Bat loooe her golden jewel
She nerer loved, no power on earth
Can ehang a woman' true alloc 1 1 on,
Nor Li the bafgard falcon worth
A moment' aad dejection.
Forgot her frailty In the fight.
Where brain and bold ndaTor,
Still win at will a eUangtlea crown
ForTr and forerer '
Avoid the fralUea atiife of creed,
Yoo cannot tarn or guide It j
Lot Heaven award the victor' meed,
, And Frleit with Prleat decide It 1
Believe that Life U fleeting breath,
B juit to man and lovo yoar neighbor,
And take thli ritual for yoor faith
"Truth, Temperance, and Labor"1
And thai th cloada of wrong that veil
Th heaven of life will aever,
And the palm be his who wear th mail
Of Faith and firm Endeavor,
o. a. ii.
JV 1. Cttttin.
A Typo After Pollard
11. r. Ilackman, late manager of tho CitV-
en newspaper of HIchmond, publishes tho
roll owing aauress -to toe pumic mruugu
the column" of the Richmond press. It ex
ilains itself:
II. Rives Pollard, the editor of the Rich
mond Examiner, sees fit to asaoil me as tho
leader of tho Southern gentlemen who left
lils employ because unwilling to submit to an
exaction made upon them for a reduction of
thdr hard-earned wages. Mr. Pollard's
ability to deal in personalities is too well
known to need comment here. As to my
importuning him for a situation, I hare only
to say mat x appucu to mm oa i wouia .u
nnv ntttP mnn titid veau PTTiTilft Pli. tlfil tit it
lbtor, but because he needed my services.
and 1 ouvuincu pay miyjfrrunw i uiu, anu
ho more.
1 would not condescend to notice at all
this base attack upon mo wero it not that it
might be miscontrued by my friends and tho
public; and I do not feel inclined to have my
character impugned by nny one.
Mr. Pollard makes great pretensions to
patriotism and a love for the South, and
Lnonrt nt mi aa a Xorthern man. Let tho
I community judge between us. Pollarfl, bora
. i 5-..11 M J.J.. -11 it.,.
ana rcareu on auuuwm bui, uuriug u .u
Revere ordeal through which the South has)
Must emerged .'smelt the battle from afar,"
lJ . "a J.A t 1... hknewk ftAAr"
anu, ai u uuio uuuukc, u uu uwiuu-iivvi,
urged the Southern legions on, keeping his
own person at a sale distance from tho
implies of death.
On tho other hand, I, a perfect stranger in
the South, came hero in May, 1861, and en
tered tho Southern army, participating in all
the great battles with tho Army of the Po
tomac, being twice wounded, the scars of
which aro still visiblo upon my person. At
tho battlo of Gettysburg I was taken prison
er, and lay in tho loathsome prisons of tho
North eleven months.
Leaving an impartial public to judge be
iween us, I hero drop the matter, and will
Jtyo no further notice to anlbing emanating
from the above source.
An 1.x CoNrxDBRATOrriCTAL at VTobk
John II. Reagan, formerly tho rebel Post
master General, is now on his own farm at
rort Houston, near Palestine, Texas. In a
private letter of his, which has just found its
way Into one of the New Orleans papers, oc
curs tho following notable paragraph:
I havo ono white man and seven freedraen
at workj have planted some fmit trees and
ihrtibriprv. and most of mvveeetable garden
and Irish potatoes, and bedded out my sweet
potatoes, and planted thirty Ave acres of corn,
and hove as much more ready to plant, ha.e
sowed twelve or fifteen acres in small gram,
and shall plant about thirty-five acres of cot
ton. I am orchardist and gardener myself.and
when not engaged at this, or in the necessary
superintendence of the frcedmen, I work on
tho farm constantly with my own hands, and
can do as much work with comparatively aa
little fatigue as any of them. I make fence,
grub, and pile and bum brush, plough, Ac,
and am us thoroughly bronzed aa other
laborers. ..,,.--1I-B,
Pressed Chicken. Roll tho chicken with
the giblets until tho bones can be easily
filled out. Then season to taste, with salt
and pepper, (a little thyme is a great improve
menl), and mince quite fine; after which put
it in a dish or pan, with weights enough upon
it to press it firm: set it away to cool, and
uVinn liimo.1 A.it ft mftVpB a nice SidO UlStl
, ten v.. ti-tuvu w. ew . - .
1 for dinner, or relish for tes.