National Republican., February 21, 1885, Image 1

About National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888

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IwmmitatL
Hwr yl I Br
VOIi.'.SSY NO. 74.
WASHINGTON, D. O., SATURDAY MOILING, FEBRUARY 21, 1885.
ixmnus PiiKKT
'Iimi'K Ceiti.
WASHINGTON'S MONUMENT.
ROME ACCOIKT 01' THE OIHOIX, rROGIIESS,
A!SD 10M1T.KTIOS OK T1IK 0M.MSK,
TlnVldts of the Shrt rrojecttd hi Congress,
lint Carried Out by the Washington
ilonomttit Society br Jleins of Private
H'onlribatlons, and Finally Completed by
(loternment Appropriation and buperla.
(ended by Government Engineers.
Tbo incoptlon of the Washington monu
tAont dates from n resolution adopted
Aug. 7. 1783, Just aftor tho ondlng of tho
war of tho rovolutlon. This resolution
provided "that nn oquestrlan statuo of
(Ion. Washington bo erected at tho place
whero tho resldonco of congress shall be
established In honor of fJoorso Washing
ton, tho illustrious commandor-ln-chlof
of tho armies of the United States of
America during tho war which vindi
cated and securod their llliorty, sovor
Ignty, and ludopondoneo."
Tho country thon was yonng, Us poo
plo poor, and almost exhausted from the
prolonged struggle for ludopondoneo, and
as a country was bur thoned with tho hoary
load of debt It had assumed from tho In
dividual colonies, and work on tho pro
posed MONUMENT DID NOT HEQIN.
As tho years wont by Washington, on
tho 14th of Doccmbor, 1700, then the
lleutonant genoral of tho army of tho
Uultod Statos, died at Mount Vernon,
and tbo nation again nwoko to a senso of
its ncgloct. Poo. 21, ten days af tor Wash
ington passed away, songross passod
anothor resolution to tho offoct "That a
marble monument bo orected by tho
United Statos at tho city of Washington,
and that tho family of Gon. Washington
bo reaucstcd to permit his body to bo do-
fi
ostteu nnuor it, ana mas tno monumoni
ie so designed as to commomorato tho
rreat oveuts of his military and political
life"
Mrs. Washington was mado acquainted
with this resolution, and ngrood to its ro
quest, but no further action was taken
until May 8, 1800, when a solect commit
tee of tho house of representatives sub
mitted resolutions directing that tho
resolution of 'congress of 1783 bo carrlod
into execution, as well as tho resolution
of 1709. That part referring to tho reso
lution of 1763 was amended to rcquiro a
mausoleum :or uoorgetYvosblngton to do
Instead orected, and for this purpose,
later, a bill passed tho houso of represen
tatives Jan. 1, IgOl, appropriating $200,
000, but
THE SENATE TAILED TO CONCUR.
Ovor thirty years olapsed boforo any
thing was done. On Feb. 13, 1832, con
gress adopted mcasuros for an Imposing
celebration of Washington's centennial
birthday, Henry Clay being at the head
of tho movement. Tho next day a reso
lution was passed proposlug to again
solicit the remains of Washington and
his wlfo to bo deposited in accordanco
with the resolution of 1700. Tho Vir
ginia legislature, howevor. stepped In and
earnestly requested tho proprietors of
jiouut Yoruonnot to allow tbo remains
to bo removed, and Mr. John A. Washing
ton, tho oldor. acceded to this rcauest.
After tho failuro to securu Washington's
romains congress appropriated $20,000 for
tho colossal statuo which now stands at
tho edge of tbo park cast of the capltol.
TJils statue was originally placed In tho
rotunda, but In 1811 was removed to tbo
park because Its immonso woiirht was
threatening the floor uf tho rotunda.
In 1833 a few public-spirited gentlemen
in this city, thoroughly disgusted with
mo procrastination or congress, lormca
tbo
WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT
SOCIETY.
Tho purposo was by voluntary contribu
tions to erect a great national monument
to tho memory of Washington nt tho scat
of tho federal government. Tho pioneers
in tins inovemont wero usnioi ,ana will,
lam Bront, James Kearney, Joseph Qalcs,
senior, and junior; Fetor Force, W. W.
Seaton, John McCIolland, Plshey Thomp
son, Thomas Carborry, Qoorgc Wattorson
and William Cranoh. Tho first nresi.
dent of tbo association eloctod was tho
vonorablo Chief Justice John Marshall,
then In his 83th year, and Judco William
Cranch was tho first vico presldont. At
ursi contributions wero limited to $1
from any ono person, and In 1830 $23,000
hod bocn collected. Tho financial crisis
ol 1837 ana 1838 Interrupted tho contri
butions aud In fact thoy woro almost sus
pended for several yoars. In 1818 the il
limit was abolished aud in tho following
year
THE FUNDS HAD BEACHED $37,000.
In 1818 congress authorized tho society
to erect tho mouuniout, and thu present
slto was selected, not because It was tbo
best in tho opinion of tho socioty, but
because it was tbo ldoutlcal slto pro
posod to MaJ. L'Eufant by Washington
hlmsolf In 17U3 for n revolutionary monu
ment. It was decided to erect an obelisk
COO loot high, 65 1'cet squaro atthobaso,
and resting upon a foundation 171 feot
above tbo surface of tho earth. Tho
obelisk was estimated to cost $352,000,
and, Including tho pantheon,
THE WHOLE COST WAS TO BE $1,127,000.
Tho "Monument Lot," as it is best
known to tho peoplo hero, comprised
originally 761 acros of ground, but by thu
filling of tho old canal, is now uxtunded
to very nearly 100 acres, so that itis Im
possible usthotlllo has rovertod to tho
United States, that encroaching build
ings shall ovor dwarf tho view of tho
great obelisk.
ON INDEPENDENCE DAY OF EIOHTEEN
lIIUNDBEU AND FOUTY-EIOI1T,
the cornerstone was laid with tho most
imposing ceromoulcs. James K. Folk,
tho thou prosldcnt of the United States,
was tho president of tho Mouumeut So
ciety, and tho othor officials wero Hun.
William llront, first vico presldont; Hon.
William W. Honton (then mayor of Wash
ton), second vlto president; Oon. .Alex
ander Henderson, conituandunt of tho
marlno corps, third vico president, and
tho following board of managers t MaJ.
Ocn. WlnUold Scott, llrlg. Oon. Nathan
Towson, U. 8. A.; Col. J. J, Abort, chief of
topographical englneors, U. S. A.; Col.
James Kearney, corps of englneors; Oon.
Walter Jones, Thomas Carborry, l'ctor
Force, Wm. A. liradloy, Philip lieglnnld
Fondall, Thomas Monroe, Walter Lenox,
Lieut. Matthow F, Maury, U. S. N and
Thomus lilagden, Hon, Joseph H. llnul
ley wasthocliiof marshal of thoday. Tho
Oraurl I.odga of Masons of tho District of
Columbia performed their solemn cere
mony of setting the cornerstone, which
is a block of marblo llko that used In tho
shaft abovo it, and is an almost perfect
cubo of over four feet dimension. This
stnne, which was cut from tho quarry near
Cockoyvlllo, near llallliuore, was brought
to the city by rail and placed on a huga
truck, especially built for it, for transpor
tation to Its present site. When tho time
camo In May, 1818, for Its Journey to tho
MouuuiHiit lot, tho people patriotically
resolved to aid, and turning out by thou
sands, rigged to tho truck a long rope on
which
A THOUSAND MIGHT LAY HOLD.
Out from tho depot to Pennsylvania
avenuo the procession went, led by tho
stirring notes of flfa aud drum, sur
rounded by tho shouting multitude,
whoso Individuals struggled with each
other to gain a placo on tho drag ropos n
those already thcro gavo way to those
ambitious to aid. Up the broad avenue,
along the plauk roadway that then led
between the central lines of mighty pop
lars, llko the maples that now grace New
York ayonuo, tho procession passed until
Fourteenth stroot was roachod, whon It
turned southward to tho reservation
which was to bo tho futnro homo of the
stone they hauled.
ALMOST A Clr.NEUATlON HAH TABUED
away stneo tho mighty mind that lifted
tno canltal or tho nation from tho mud
and mado Is tho living beauty that it
is ooiitotatou tno nmy "canal" mac
long timo ago mado South Washington
an "Island." Thon at flvo dlilbront
Eolnts tho broad canal was crossed by
ridges, and at the ono that crossod It at
Fourtecuth stroot, at the tlmo this story
tells of, troubloeamo tothostono that was
to bo tho basa of the nobto shaft by tho
Fotomac. Tho long lines of sturdy men
and boys had passod tho frail bridge, and
tho hoavy truck with Its precious load
had almost roached tho southorn sldo
whon thcahoro span gave way and settled
so that
FurtTiiEit rnoonEss was btopped.
It was Impossiblo to proceed, and after
tho greatest exertions had failed to drag
tho stone from tho break, work was aban
doned until mechanical appliances could
bo obtained. In a few days riggers from
tho navy yard bad ercctod shears mado
with huge spars, and tho stono was lifted
from its unwolcomo bed and sent ou tho
way to Us futuro homo.
On tho day flxod. as stated abovo, tho
cornerstono was laid In Its bod noar tbo
northoastorn nnclo of tho old foundation.
which is now very nearly tho editor of
tno added foundation.
HON. bobebt c. WINTnBOP,
of Massachusetts, ex-speaker of tho houso
of representatives, and rockonod tho poor
In oratory of tho most distinguished men
of that day, delivered tho oration which
all know so well, and which Is to this
day considered tbo standard lor finished
and porfect writing. Ho It Is, who, in
his rlpo old ago has ngaln coino to pro
paro tho address which to-day dcdlcatos
tho work ho praised so eloquently almost
nan a century ago. in tnismassivo mar
ble corner block a capacious recess bad
bcon cut, and In this, closed with a heavy
coppor plate, was depnsltod a varlod col
lection of documonts. nrlntcd and in
manuscript, nowspapors of tho day, por
traits, maps, cbarts, and coins.
Tho following Is n list of tho artlclos,
othor than tho sevonty-one nowspapors '
DEPOSITED IN THE HT.CT.HH OF THE COB-
MERSTONE,
takon from Harvoy's "Monograph of tho
Monumout:"
Historical sketch of the Washington National
uonument aooioty sinco us origin, in manu
script; copy of tho grant for tbo slto of tho
monument under the joint resolution of con
gress; constitutions of the Washington National
.Monument fcoclcty, addresses, circulars, com
missions, instructions, form of bond, from 1833
to 1818: large design of the Washington na
tional monument, with tho fao simile of tbo
names of the presidents of tho United States
and others (lllbograpbod); largo design of tho
Washington national monument (litho
graphed; portrait of Washington, from Stuart's
palming, raneuu linn; suiau aesigu oi monu
ment and likeness of Washlueton. with blank
certificates for contributors; constitution of the
united states anddcciarallonor independence,
f'.vacM.uu ,jj an, iituji aiuciiiiu kuiir.i.u'
Ions, by W. Palton; plate engraved with tho
names of the officers nnd members or tho
board of managers; Wntlcrston's New Guldo to
U'..hn.lnni . . r.f .tin Alton, 1t'..tiliia,nn
II USUlll.tVtl, ULtltt, Ul IUD tlj Ul IIIHlllUHtltli,
by Joseph llatoltn; laws of tho corporation of
Washington, by A. Rothwell; statistics by John
bessford of tho number of dwolllngs, valuo of
improvements, assessments oi me real anu
porsonal tax, Ac., In tho city of Washington,
from lb-1 to 1848. mint and manuscript: J. 11.
Varnum, Jr., on tho scat of government; the
blatesmans Manual, containing presidents
messages from Washim-tou to I'ollc.
from 1789 to 1810, volumes 1 and .;
Tho Bluo Book for 1847: Congressional Direct
ory: by J. and U, H. Gideon; Message of tbo
President of tbo United States aud accom-
pan.lng documents, 1847; Morso's North
American Atlas; Appleton's Italtroad and
-Hcumoua- (jorapamou: iruo ifcpuDiicau;tuu
llkenessdsofall tho .'resident to lKJlVaiiillitnu.
gural addresses, byOrcmplemaniC'opluollho
Union Magazine. Nuilonul Maguzlne, Uodey's
i.uy s jiook. uruuatu a .Magazine, anu uoium
blan Magazine for July, 1848; by Ilroo.o &
Shilllngton; Alrlcan Repository aud Colonial
Journal, 18)8; 'fhlrty-tlrst annual lteport of tbo
American loiomzauou society; loast survey
Document; Army Itcgtster for 1813: Navy
Ilcglsler, 1SI8; Military Laws of tho United
states, is 10; van's Inscription or tho Mugnetlo
Telegraph, by Alfred Vail: Daguerrcotypo
llkcucstesof ucn. and Mrs. Marv Wn.shlnc'tnn.
with u description of the Daguerreotype pro
cess: Silver medal rcprcseutlni; Gen. VViibhluc-
ton and the National .Monument; Report of
joint uommiuoo on inu i.mrary .nay 4, l&is,
and an cn.ra, inc: Constitution or the Smith
sonian Association, on tbo Island, instituted
Nov. 0, 18l7;Kralthionianlnstllutlon-l.oport
of tho commissioners ou Its organlzatlom; ro
ttorts from tho board of regent; Tbo
Washington Monument -halt It bo built?
it pumpblot, by J. S. Lyon; liar
pcrs' Illustrated Cataloguo; Guldo to the
Cupltol, by It, Mills; abstract log for tho w.0
ui American navigators, uy i.icui. il, l,
Maurv. U. S. N.: American Mate nanera. Kl2
Xatlonal Intelligencer lor 1810 (bound), by Gaics
ol otaiuu; Auiencuu Arcimcs, u uocumentary
history of tho American colonies to thu nrpit.
nt times, fourth series, olumo n, by Peter
urvu, mi Auicrituu uuiiur, ur .mug saran
builth. Muflord. N. J.: Hulv Ulblo. nrestmtcd
by the lllble fcoclcty, In.tltutid 1810; report of
itui. iiucuu, supenuiuuueutoi tno cous; stir
cy; annual rcjumof thu comptroller of tho
uttv t,t .-uiv mil , ttuii. u, 101", iimn, initio,
and Tonnage or tno New York canals, 1847,
stataofNcw York, lirst report of tho commit
stonor. Practice and i'loadmirs. bv linn. Wnqh,
lugton Hunt; report of the commissioner of
patents, law; lac-snnuo ot vtasuingtons ac
counts, by Michael Nourso, then register of tho
treasury; United Males Uscal department,
volumes 1 and S; specimens of continental
lt,.,ic !???. tt,.l1,.n,U -t.,..nn T..,.,
t.tvitiv. , t,v. nuiivMi .vituuiib ,tt:diaiur null
farmers' Almauac, 1818; maps aud charts of
tno coast survey; .uaury s wiuu nua current
charts of thu north Atlantic; casts from tho
seals of tbo 8. ol T. mid 1. u. It. M.; u ceut ol
178Jotthu United btato or America; Cuipolc'i
American Daily AUixrllrer, Deo. si, 17W;
uud thu rnlladclphta Uuzittc, Dec, 'J7, 17W.
toutalnlng a lull uccouut of thu death and
amoral ceremony of Ueu. Wuihlngton, tlio
oilluial pruccediugsof congress, executive, c;
publication .No, 1, Huston, 16J.1, letters of John
ijuiucy Auaius to w. i,. btono, anu luiroduc
liou: letters ol J. tl. Adams to hd urd Llvlnci
tou, grand high priest, Ac; vindication of
ueu. vtutuiugtou, tic., uy Joseph Hltner, gov
ernor ol l'oiiiH) hattlu, with a letter to Uaulcl
Webster, and hi reply, primed lu 1811; Ameri
can AuliOlaiou, No. 1. vol. 1. llartlurd.
Conn , 18J'J, Muluo Irtc l'rcmi; correspondence
VUUtUllttlU Ul lull, lit., tu ItlUIJUlU Itufll,
April, IbJI; Ills answer, May 4, 1811; creden
tials of a delegate from Jellerion county, Mis
souri, and piuacdlugs ot u inietlug of citi
zens to uiatcu tho aiipululment ut u delegatu,
astronomical obicrvui tons tor 1813, made under
M. P. Maury, ut tho Wushlugtouuhsonatory;
Journals of the scntito aud Iiojse of rcprisoula
tivts ot tho Uuth congress aud documents;
census ot tho United states, 1810; Force's
Uuido to Washington nnd vicinity, 181m
memoir of a tour to Northern Mexico, IblG-'l";
report oil tho urgaulzatlou ot tho s'mitluouUu
Institution, by 1'ror, Henry, nlistottbujudgei
of the supreme court ot tho Untied stales, its utll
cers. wllu thudutes oftlielrresneetlva auiiulnt.
ineuts; by W. J, Carroll, clerk supremo court of
tuu uimeu siuius; urusu a poems; cataloguo Ol
tbo library of congress, printed Ifco'J; cataloguo
from 1M0 to 1817, both inclusive by Joint cum
mlttcu on the library of congress; census or tho
United States from 17'Jdto 1818, Inclusive; pro
ceedings of the General Society of thu Cincin
nati, w ith the original Institution of the order
and fuc-slmllo of thu signatures of tho original
members of the Statu fcoclcty of l'euns) haulu,
Loustltulfoii and trcncral laws uf the Great
Council of tho Improved Order ol ItedMcuof
tho District 01 Columbia: h)-iaws ol 1'oirliatan
'Irtbo No, 1 uud general luusot tho Grim coun
cil of tbo samu order; the Tcuiploot Liberty,
twu Luptcs, ouumuumented and lettered ulttl
red; tbo ktturs arc to urruuged In each tbat tho
name of Washington may be spelled more thuu
one thousand times lu connection, American
silk Hug, presented by Ju-eph K. )lod. citizen
of Washington, D. C, on the Uliot July, 1I8:
deslgu of tbo uionuiuent, small plate, iroduced
by u process culled electrotype, by Charles
limdericu, ot Washlngtou; a copy oi thu cou
stltutlou or thu first organized temperunco so
ciety lu America, by I- II. Spraguu, July 1,
1818, nous ol Temperance lu thu District ol Co
lumbia; cout-of-urms of tbo Wiishiugtoii family,
by Mis. Juno Charlotte Washington, July 1,
1818, aud all tlta coins uf tho United flutes,
from tho ca.lo to thu halt-dime, Inclusive.
THE WHOLE WOULD,
occidental and oriental, hud shown Its
appreciation of tho fume of Washington,
uud memorial stones woro sout hero to bo
built Into tho shaft Irom ovurv nortlou
of tho globo, At this tlmo ovory state of
tho union but uoioraaa uuu urogon, and
every territory but Arizona, Idaho,
WnJiinglon and Alaska has mouiorlal
stouus to build Into tbo shaft, aud ovury
foreign nation has contributed to thu
honor of thu great Washington,
PERSIA, IN ARABIA,
on a stono of purple-velncd marblo, tells
of tho afiootlon that country has for tho
contral figuro that led this country
through rovolutlon to independonco and
now llfo as a separato nation.
turkey, also in Arabic, written by tho
court poot, Mustopha Izyt, sends A mar
blo block inscribed : "So as to strongthon
the friendship between thotwocounlrlos,
Abdul-Majld Kahn has also had hlsnamo
wruton on tho Monumont to Washlng
tou." Abovo this Inscription is n mono
gram of "Abdul-Majld, son of Mohamot
Khan."
Clreoco sondi a block from tho rnluj of
tho Farthonon, Inscribed: "Ooorgo Wash
ington, tho hero, tho citizen of tho now
and illustrious liberty: Tho land of
Solon, Thomlstoclci, nnd Forleles tho
mother or ntiflont llborty sonds this an
cient stono as n testimony of honor nnd
admiration from tho Farthonon."
THE l'OrE'8 STONE DESTBOVED.
On tbo night of Sunday, March G, 1854,
during tbo knownotbtng oxcltemont, a
baud of masked moil visited tho monu
mont, gaggod tho watchman in tho lapi
dary, and took tho slab of African marblo
which had been prosontod by tho Vatican
as Its contribution to tbo shaft, broko It
In plecos, nnd throw thorn Into tho rlvor,
Elovcn months lator, on Fob. 82, 18.", a
number of members of tho samo party
took possession of the rooms in tho city
hall occupied by tho Washington Monu
ment Socioty, ousted tho board, elected
themselves a board of managors,
Vespasian Ellis was mado first vice pres
ident; Ooorgo H. I'lant, third vico presi
dent; Charles II, Tucker, socrotary, nnd
John M. McCill.i, trcasuror. Thoy passed
a resolution that no ono should bo per
mitted to voto on any quostlon unloss ho
was Amorican born. This board hold
possession until congress In 1859 granted
tho old board a charter. Tho only thing
accomplished durlug this porlod was tho
laying of four foot of condemned stono
wmcu was removed when tbo work was
rosumod in 1880.
TUEBE ARE TnREE HUNDBED
of thcio momorlal stones in nil, nearly
200 of which aro alroady in placo in tho
interior walls of tho shaft, on tho oast
nnd west sldos, below tho lovol of 150
feot. Many of tho stonos reeolvod nro
irom local sociotles nnd corporations, and
they would bo wholly out of placo in a
national structuro llko tho ono horo
wrltton of, and theso it Is moro than
probable will bo rejected by tho builders
In tho completion of tho interior. Ono
huge stono, splondldly carvod, has on Its
broad faco the full list of tho officers and
mombors of a local volunteer 11 ro com
pany of an eastorncity. Anotborsplendid
stono tolls on Its fair faco of tho superin
tendent nnd all tho scholars of a Pennsyl
vania Sunday-school. Among the blocks
not yet placed In position Is that of Michi
gan, which Is A half cubo of natlvocoppor
from Ontonagon, throo feot squaro on its
faco and half that measure in dopth, on
the faco of which appears tho coat-of-arms
of tho I'oninsula stato and its fair
motto In nativo silvor taken from tho
block and set lu tho smooth faco.
Tho monumont is C55 feet 51 Inchos in
holgbt above tho top of the foundation or
floor of the shaft, aud Is 590 0.30" abovo
mean soa lovol,
THE TALLEST STRUCTURE IN THE WOULD.
Tho basoof tho shaft is C5 foot 11 inches
square, aud rosts on a foundation which
was originally 53 feot 0 iuches squaro at
tho top, and 60 feet square at tho base.
This foundation, which was so ridicu
lously Inadequate to sustain tho wolght
of bo groat a structnro, was .S3 feot 4
inches in holght. and oxtonded onlv 7
feet 8 inohos below tho gonoral surfaco of
me surrounding earth.
In 1870, when Sonator Shorman In
troduced tho resolution July 4, which
became a law Aug. 2, 1870,
TO COMPLETE THE MONUMENT,
no work had been douo sinco 1850 by
tho Monumont Socioty. Tbo work, un
der tho act just abovo referred to, was
placod under control of ft joint commis
sion, which comprised cortaln members
of the Monument Society, nnd four olU
cors tho President of tbo United States,
tbo ohief of the corps of onglnoers of tho
army, tho architect of tho capltol, and
tho architect of tho treasury. Thus, at
tho present tlmo, tho members of tho
"Joint commission for tho completion of
tho Washington Monumont" aro Presi
dent Arthur. Oon. John Newton, chief of
englnoors, U. 9. A.; Hon. I M ward Clark,
architect of tho capltol; Hon. M. U, Hell,
suporvislng architect of tho trousury, and
Mr. W. W. Corcoran.
Lieut. Col. Thomas Lincoln Casoy, of
tho corps of englneors, U. 8. A., was de
signated by President Hayes as tho engi
neer In chargo In tho fall of 1878, after a
commission of engineer officers, appointed
byll'rosldont Ornut,had mado preliminary
examinations of,tho oArtbJbolow tholoxlst
iug foundation. Theso examinations
proved
THE INADEQUACY OP THE OLD FOUNDA
TION to support tho weight of such a strncturo,
and in tho summor of 1878 MaJ. Ooorgo
W. Davis, a captain in tho 11th United
Statos Infantry, perfected a plan to build
a now foundation, bolow nnd undor the
old onu. MaJ. Davis was alroady known
to tbo service, of which ho is a cart, as an
accomplished engineer, and was brought
horo especially for tho duty to which ho
was at onco asslguod by ordor of Presi
dent Hayes, as nn acting engineer otllcer
and assistant to Col. Casey. Tho new
foundation Is ono of tho greatest engi
neering feats in tbo history of tho world,
and has attracted tho attention of all
englneors of this tlmo.
ltunnlng first from tho southeast and
tho northoust cornors aud then reversing
In ordor for tho various sldos, shafts four
foot wide wero dug until only lu tho
center a squaro of earth was left to act
llko a cushion as thogrcatobollsksottled.
Into theso horizontal shafts rubblo bluo
gnolss granlto was shoved, and tho Inter
stices filled with a coucrota of sand, co
iiieut, and finely brokon stono that mado
tho nholo a solid mass. During this
work, which was begun In October, 1878,
and complotcd In tho lust of May, 18s0,
moro than ono-half of. tho cubical con
tents of tho old foundation was torn away
to givo placo to the now work. In tho
sectional view given horo In anothor col
umn the relative position of tho old aud
uuw portions Is shown bv tho dotted linos
as compared with thu darker couter abovo
tno earth cushion moutloiiod abovo.
THE NEW FOUNDATION
oxtonds 30 feot 10 Inchos bolow tho floor
of tho shaft, aud is below tho tldo lovol of
tho adjolniug Potomac. As oxtonded tho
present fouudatlon moasuros 120 foot (I
Inches squaru, and comprises nu area of
ovor 10,000 squaro foot, as coinparod witli
tno o,iua toot or tno out ono, in build
ing this mora than 70 por ceut. of thu
curth under tho old shaft was dug away,
leaving tuu cartny cushion in tno center
which Is told of abovo.
Tho insertion of tho new foundation
having been successfully accomplished,
tbo first stone on tho new top was set
Aug. 7, 1880, nnd from that day work
steadily progrossed, except during tbo
brief tlmo each winter when tho cold
proventcd, until Dec. 0, 1631, whon tho
capstone and tho metal tip woro placod in
position.
Tho upper courses of masonry of tho
old portion hud bocoino disarranged dur
ing tho many years tho work lay ox
posod to the elements, nnd wore removed
until tho shaft was exactly 150 feet in
liolght from tho floor abovo tho founda
tion TO THE HEIGHT OP 150 FEET
tho walls aro built of bluo granlto back
ing, with an ushlar faco of vuiy strong
flvo grained marblo cut from tlio Cockeys
villa quarries, which weighs 1761 pounds
tn tho cubio foot, Tho granlto comes
from various nuarries in New Unirlaud.
Tho interior, or wall of tlio shalt, was
increased irom tho loo to luu feet love).
so tbat at the latter height tho walls aro i
8 foot 7 inches thick, leaving an interior
diameter of III feet 51 Inchos square, and
this proportion is rotained to the level of
tlio Shalt propor, or 500 foot CI Inches
nbovo tho floor. Tho batter of tho ox
tortor walls Is A trlflo less than ono
quarter of an Inch to each foot of rise
At tho top of tho shaft tho oxterior la .14
feot 51 Inchos squaro, and abovo that rlsos
tho pyramldlon that finishes In tho apox,
55 feot higher.
The now portion of tho monument
from tho 150 foot lovol 11 built of alter
nnto blocks of marblo and granlto, nil of
tho oxtorior faco b,elng marblo and hav
ing alternated hoadors and atrotcbors ox
tonded to tho inner faco. Tho courses of
masonry aro each two foot in holght. In
tho Interior of tho abaft Is an iron frame
work of two parts. Around tho walls,
stairs rlso on a part of each north and
sonth sldo to an olovatlon of ten feet,
mooting landings which oxtood along ro
spccllvoly tho eastern and western walls,
so that each landing Is twenty feet abovo
tho ono bolow. Tho columns which sup
port this stairway nnd platforms aro con
nected with a concontrltfset of othor col
umns whtcli composo tbo framo of an
clovator. which traverses tho wall from
tho floor bolow to tho CUO feet lovol
abovo. Tho olovntor was used in tho
construction or tho shaft In carrying tho
stones and other material to tho top,
and as tho walls were built up to each
twenty feot, tho columns woro added and
tho elovator oxtonded tbat dlstauco fur
ther up In tho nlr. To 'tho four project
ing columns of the olovatorweroattsehed
crano arms, so that tho material, as It
was brought to tho top on tho elovator
carriage could bo ltftod around to its
place. This clovator his a carrylug ca
pacity of six tons, and as soon as tho
actual work ot tho monument is dono will
bo transformed Into a pissengor car for
tho curious ones who do.il ro to seo tho city
of Washington from so great a height.
IT IS A REMABKAtlLE THINO
that this groat structuro has boon frco
from any accldont of loss of human llfo.
Karly in tho days when work was recom
moncod on tho top, Mr. F, II. McLaughlin,
the suporlntondout of tho work, who
had onco been a seafarlug man, dovlsed a
plan which oflectually prevented sorlous
accldont. A strong net of tarred cordago
known as marllno was rleeod on booms
oxteudlng outward fromltho four corners
of tho shaft, nnd attached Inboard to a
bolted lramo that gripped closely tho four
sldos. As tho holght of tho shaft increased
and tho machlnory of tho Interior was
raised, this not nnd its framo woro raisod,
and by a simple system of shortening tho
framo by its bolt ends as tho exterior
dlamotor of tho shaft decreased in its
ascending height, tho life-saving not was
novcr lower than twenty feot bolow the
outor odge of the top. Into this not, at
ouo tlmo or another, tho swinging bourns
with tholr hoavy hanging tacklo, or by
careloss missteps, nearly ovory man en
ga.id in vork on tho ton foil at ono limn
or anothor, and somo of thorn a score of
times.
IN TnE CONTINUATION OP THE MONU
MENT twonty-slx feot were added in tho Bum
mer, fall, and early winter of 1880; in tbo
worklngsoasou of 1681 woro added seventy
four, making n height or 250 foot. From
that tlmo ou tho work progrossod rapidly,
and at tho closo of 169:2 tbo shaft was 340
feot high, at tho ond of 1883, 410 foot, and
was completed to Its apox Dec 0, 1684.
As tho walls narrowed to thn 500 font
lovol It became nocossary to add to tbo
Birongtn lor supporting tuo pyramidal
roof, and fifty foot below tbo pyramldlon,
ribs woro startod from each of tho cor
ners and along tho four sides of each faco,
which meet and aro tlod by tbo koystono
at 535 feet, as shown In iergo soetional
picturo given hero, Tho method of
building these supporting ribs is shown
Ingrotttor dotail in tho other cut tbat
represents tho last ,100 feet at the top.
Tho clovator In tho shaft oxtends only to
tho top of tho shaft proper, or 600 foet CI
inches abovo tho floor, and abovo that
holght tbo work was carried on by means
of interior scaffolding until tho koystono
was sot, and abovo that by moans of an
Ingenious oxtorior framo, which was de
vised and built by Mr, McLaughlin, and
which Is also shown lu anothor column.
THE LAST STONES AT THE TOP
woro hoisted to tho outer platform anil
sot from thoro, and Doc. (J, 1881, tho cap
stono and Its tip of aluminum wero
placed in position. A small party in
vited by tho cnginoor olllcer in chargo
wuru prosuub at sue nnai coromouy, and
a small uumbor braved tho rain aud fear
ful galo that prevailed and mounted to
tho platform above. Tho rain foil in
torronts, whilo tho wind, which blow In
ft heavy galo from tho southeast, attained
an estimated velocity of sixty-flvo miles
au hour. Whon each or tho Ilttlo party
on tho top had taken part In placing a
small portion of mortar on tho bod pre
pared tho aluminum tip was set and tho
outor structuro of tbo groat monumont
was complotcd. A natioual flag wa3 run
up, and as this streamed out Its folds a
battery stationed near by. In tho grounds
bolow tbo treasury, barked out in quick
succession n hundred times in honor of
tbo work and tho man it commomorates.
THE STRUCTURE AS COMPLETED
is tho highest known to tho world. Tho
spiros of tho famous cathedral at Cologne
runk noxt of completed structures, being
521 feet and 11 Inchos nbovo tho sur
rounding streets; this will bo outranked
during this present year by the statuo on
tlio dome of tho now city hall at Phila
delphia, which will bo C37 feot and four
Inches high. Tbogreator of tho pyramids,
that of Cheops, Is 430 feot high. Tho
spiro of tho Strasburg cathodral Is 108
feot, and tho glided cross nbovo tho ball
on thu doino of St. Peter's, at Koino, Is
457 feot abovo tho earth. Our capital,
from floor to tho crown'of the statuo on
tho dome, Is 285 foot 5 7-lti inches, while
thu domo nbovo tho stato capltol of Illi
nois rises noarly 60 foot higher, 301 feot,
AT THE UREAT IIWOlIT
to which tlio monument rears its statoly
head, tho city named for mm tho inouu
mont commomorates, lays bolow llko tho
toy with which n boy builds tho mluilo
cities of his play. To tho eastward, Just
undor foot ns It sooms to tho eyo, is tho
huge building of the bureau of ougraving
and printing, and further on, lessor still
to tlio oyu, tho agricultural department,
tho stately Smithsonian, mid tho National
Museum aro llko tho blocks tho boy uses
for his play, Tho capltol Is dwarfed to
pigmy propoitlon as from so great an
olovatlon tho spectator looks down until
tho streets beyond uro in full view only a
few squares further away, Tho navy
yard, with Its hugo ship houses, is
a sparsely covered plot. Tho ex
ecutive mansion, flanked to right nnd
left by tho treasury and tho bouutitul
building of tho stato, war and navy de
partments, stands llko a great pearl In u
bed of omornld of Its surrounding parks,
Tho ono thing that attracts universal at
tention from thoso who have looked from
tho, top of tho mouumeut is tbo greut ax
tent of tho Btreots and parks of our capi
tal city. To thu south the tl oo ombow
orcd arsenal looks llko tho Jowolcd pen
dant on the fair breast of tho beautiful
city, vthilo to tho west aud southwest tho
broad Potomac lays llko a broad stripe of
silver separating tho city frum tho Vir
ginia hills that seem almost at tho gazot's
foot.
THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE
Is 61,120 tons (of 2,210 pounds) nud has
cost to Jan. 1, of this year, $1,187,710.31
as stated in tho last report of Col, Casey,
Hnlr IHnttrcsses for the Troops,
Hair mattresses, sheets, and pillows
woro Issued to tho troops at tho barracks
yestorday. Tho mattrosioi will tako tho
placo of tho straw beds which havo heon
in uso hcrotuforo lu tho army. The
chaugo Is greatly for tho hotter, and dulv
appreciated by tho onllttcd.nieu, .
SM 3pS
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iS,AltST5,v?a
sWwift
jpftjc spa
cop&fi:cr:msiw.'
dJIQ f.T. i.
rrrtAMiri.orcHEOPS.
430 f,T.
STTCT.msOTtTMri.'
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DICEUOWCCraiCTMc
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rtnrfvrTitrwmrftirT7ni?bvnwNittP wwfy
3iggr:fig&5SS'g5gScS?yg
Note The figures at the side ol tho cut
fjvcrali'poclniif lisiiuistiu tl n I v t
this to No. 2 Is tho result of nork during t'n
!0t. J to 3 was tbo pbrtlon built In 1891; irom
No. 5 to tho inp, that of li.
The Stonecutters' I'roermumr,
Tho Joint mooting of tho granlto and
marblo cuttors last night announced that
thoy oxpoctod to parado 150 mon to-day.
Joseph Fanning, past district mastor
workman of tho Knights of Labor, has
heon appointed chiof marshal, and Jamos
Kollyaud Dantolllothwell assistant mar
shals. Mr. John Lyons, of the granlto
cutters, and Mr. Charles Sword, of
tho marble cuttors, will respectively
roprosont tho two branches of tho
trudu on the floor of tho house of repre
sentatives. Tho members of tho union
will wo.tr dark clothos, and, as insignia,
will bear'jon tho left b roast n red, white,
and bluo ribbon, on the white stripe of
which Is inscribed tho words, "Stonocut
tors of Washington, I). C."
Messrs. John Fallon, J. W. Consldlno,
District master workman of tho K. of U;
F. P. Martin, Ii W. Oyster, president of
tho Federation of Labor ; It. L. DoAkcrs,
nnd James Hogan will parado us guests,
Itesoluttons wero adopted expressing
tho cordial appreciation of tho stonccut
tors of the District for tho kindly trett
mont which thoy had reeolvod at thu
hands of tho congressional committee)
generally, and particular expression of
gratltudo woro matlo for tho services of
Sonator Sherman. Oon. ltosocrsns, Mr.
Dorshelmer, and Mr. Collins in socuriug
them representation by election.
,'Tnrxsww
WHtORAL,
'b I rjo
.1
f 5 . irT
.CATHtORALOrSTCTEn
iai'.r-iJraw
"mn
tl
ST.J!AUL,J.0ND0rf
aCOjfTV
-MONUMENT.?
ssJiQsstfesessi:
represent Iho terminations of tho shaft at tbo
i uamw Nu 1 Is that built b' foro lMl; from
'tasinof lvo under congressional aid: from
3 to 4, lu 183.'; from 4 tot, In l&SJ, and from
The Larrrcuce Light Olinril.
The Lawroneo Light Guard, of Med-
ford, Mass., arrivod yesterday morning,
nnd aro quartored at tho National Hotol.
Thoy aro tho gutstsof Company B, W. L.
I. 0. Tho officers and membors of tho
company aro:
Capt. Joseph 11 Clark, First I.Iout. John T.
Coleman, Second Lieut, llnncy M, .Smith,
beret. A. II. Illako. Stirirt. S. St. U.mnli. SiifL-t.
MRU
m-m
it i nil
n
w
H
Hi
H
11
U sw 'W-3SH TV-.VA;-, ?
IS MMAftfaltw6rt't M 'f t'lw'WPwm i(si
Jttr-te
(', I! Whitney, beret. 11. C. Nicholas, Corp. I".
K. McUuIro, ('orp. 11 J. Wlltmoth. Corn O. II,
Doughty, Walter Kolgor. J. l Itlordon, William
llustood, J I). White, ll. II. Mageo. F. SI. Ha
dcu, W. r. Porter, M. II. Illgglns, W. II. Hutch-
I limm, W. II. Keay. A. A Ijiurlat, W. Lamotit,
William Hastier, William Mtero, Arthur Nel
son, K. L. Pratt, C. A. l'erktus, Wm. Itohos, 11.
A Symonds, .1. .V. Wcstcott. ltlordou Walter,
I Corp C. V. Mcllrlarty, J. H Klordon, O. A.
I Carter, J. C. I'larlt, A. II. Atwood, W. Jl.
llruun, J. I'. Iluckuian, V. C. Iiatley, I). II.
Clark, A. W. Clark, (!. A. Clark, llenjamln
Harrows, 8. C. f'rcichtou, ncorgo Cocke, 11 J.
Doughiv, C. 1 Ihiicrson, W. W. tiordon,
Hubert Hills. F C. ilnodrllh, L. H. llernson, C.
S. Ilaurkoi. N. A Johuiun A. It. Kerr, U. II,
. Innx, J. J. Mahaney, r. II, Mcdllllcuddy, W.
J Mc(loau, Harry J. Now hall, O. A. l'erry, C.
ill Hansknlt, II li. Spauldlng, William Trefoil,
i Howard Wlggln
i Accompanying tho Light Guard as
, guosts of Capt, Clark aro MaJ. J. H, Whit
ney, Cnpt, John Hook, Dr. J. II. McQuado,
Oliver White, Col. Asa Law, and Dr, Pearl
I Martin,
. ,ni U fcS. k,
TUB PROGRAMME OFTO-DAY
mrosisn nF.mcATiox csm:momm at
THi: 310.1l'B.T AUD CAPITOL.
The AdJrMHi and Xinonle t'rorsrdlits at
tlio Shsft-The Vrocnalon and llstlew by
the I'rrsldtat-Oratlons la tne Ilosse of
Ucprtsentstlus.
Tho proceedings of to-day as detailed
in tbo various official orders and other
papers which aro drawn from the pro
grammo given bolow will bo of a most
Imposing character. Whilo the dedica
tion of this mammoth monument to tho
patriotism of tho peoplo no less than tn
tho father of his country bears a moro or
less subordinate rotation to that other
ceremony which takes placo In less than
two weeks, tho near colncidonco of dates
cnablos tho first to sharo In many of tho
facilities provldod for tho othor. Decora
tions probably destined primarily for tbo
inauguration bavo boen qui to numer
ously pat in plaeo in tlmo for to-day's
colouration, as bavo stands from which to
view tho procession, Msuy pooplo, too,
from a dlstauco are horo to atteud tho
two events.
TIIB-DKDICATIOX CKUKMONIE.
Exercises nt the Itnse ofthaMonil"
mint Which Iit OCT the May.
The corcmonlos at tho baso of tho
Monumont will commonco precisoly at 11
o'clock, and will bo as follows:
1. Tbo lion. John flhorman. a senator from
Ohio, chairman of tho commlnlon authorized
by tho Joint resolution ol llayttl, ISM, will
preside.
2. Music.
it. Prayer by tho Her. Mr. Futcr, of Christ
Church, Alexandria, Va.
4. Remarks by W.W. Corcoran, esq., tho first
vico president of tho Washlngtou Xatlonal
Monument boclcty.
5. Masonle ceremonies by tho Grand Lodgo
of tbo District of Columbia,
0. ltcmarks by Col, T. L. Casey, tho engineer
of tho Joint rommlolou, delivering the Monu
ment to tho President of tho United Slates.
7. Dedication or tbo Monument to tho namo
and memory or tlcortu Washlngtou by tho
l'residcut ot tho United States.
8. Mutlc.
Tho procession will forthwith bo formed,
and will move to tho capltol by the following
routo ; Through the I'risldcut's squaro to
Hcvcntccnth street, up Hcvetceuth street to
Pennsylvania avenue, thence along Pennsyl
vania avenuo to the capltol, where It will bo
roviencd by tho President of the United
Stales from a stand at tbo cast front,
9 After the review tho procession will bo
dismissed.
When the procession begins to movo
salutes of 100 guns will bo firod at tbo
navy yard, tho artillery hoadquarteri,
and Fort Moyor. Tho proceedings which
tako place as abovo wero rehoarsed yes
terday, and occupied exactly thirty
minutes. Fiftoen minutes will bo takou
In gottlng tho procession In motion, and
by 1:30 o'clock It Is now believed tbo
President will have roviowed the lino
and bo ready for tho proceedings In tho
houso of reprosontatlvea,
THE 1'ItOCKSSION IN LINE.
Corrected Order for Its Formation,
Composltlou, sail Itouteof March.
Tho following Is tho full toxt or tho
final ordor of Chlof Marshal Rherldan, as
rovliod, and is tho only correct copy pub
lished: lliipquAKTias MATurtALor the Pay. Dr.M
cation or WAsuiMiTo-r National Mom iu.t,
Wasihnuton, 1). C, Veb. 20. 1855, llleni'Ml Or
ders, No, 4 Tho marshal of the day an
nounces the following orders and arraun
ments for tbo formation and raovementsof the
procession lu connection with tbo cercmonlo
attending tbo dedication or the Washington
national monument, ou Saturday, Feb. I'l,
165;
THE 5IIUTABY.
I. Tho first division will amemhle on Thir
teenth stroet at 1145 o'clock a. m.. and bo
formed In lino faring east, with Its right test
ing In tbo agricultural department Kmunds.
It will bo moved promptly at 10.15 o'clock it.
m through tho agricultural department
grounds into the monument grounds, where It
will bo masied In clone column as thu right
division In front of tho dedication stand-
mi: c.ir.nuur. nivitio.
II. Tho second division cnrrlrget will pro
ceed to tho monument grounds lu accordance
with special Initructlnns that iuo bct-n given
tbcm; will enter by the Fourteenth street en
trance and bo parked by staff otllcer In chargo
at that point.
THE MASONS.
Tho Masonlo fraternity will assemble alMa
sonle Hall, ou 1' street, corner of Ninth, at !i..ai
o'clock a. in., wbero it will lw formed under
tho direction or tho grand master of tbo Ills
trl tor Columbia. It will move promptly at H)
o'clock, b) way of F, Fifteenth, and II streets,
to tho monument grounds, Mhero it will bo
maiscd In clo.e column as tho ccntor division
In front of tho dedication stand.
UKKLLANEOl'S DOniES.
III. Tho third division will asscmblo nn
Seventeenth street at tl. 15 o'clock a. in., and bo
formed In lino facing cast, with its right rest
ing at Intersection of 11 street. It will to moved
promptly nt 10:15 o'clock a. m bv way nf It
street, Into tho monument grounds, where It
will bo massed In closo columu, as tho Ion di
vision, In lront of tho dedication stand,
THE ROUTE OK TROt'EMION.
IV. Immediately on the conclusion nf this
dedication ceremonies, tho divisions will
movo out of the monumcut grounds success
ively. The military organizations of tbetlrst
division will bu lorincd luto column by com
panies or platoons ou reaching It street, and
tlio column will movo westwardly on 11 street,
to Beventeeuth street, boventecnth street to
Pennsylvania aveuue; ou tho south side of
Pennsylvania avenue to Fittecnth street, Fif
teenth street to Pennsylvania avenue, north
side of 1'eniisyUunia avenuo to First street,
Flnt street to southwest entrance to capltol
grounds, through capltol grounds on south
front of capltol to tho cast front, along cast
front of the capltol to the northern boundary
of tho capltol grouodi, at which point all or
ganizations will bo successively dismissed as
urrivo they.
As it pasi.es along tho cast front of the capl
tol thu column will bo reviewed by tho Presi
dent oftho United Htatei, Irom a stand In front
of thu center portico of tho capltol, tho troops
marching as lu ruvlcw, oihccrs saluting.
V. Tho Ancient aud llonorablo Artillery
Company of Massachusetts Is aMlRlied as hon
orary ocort to tbo 1'rcsldeut of thu United
states.
Tho Ccorgo Washington Post, No. 103, Orand
Army of tlio Kepubllo of New York, Is as
signed as honorary escort to tho president
elect of the United Mates.
Tho First Troop ot Philadelphia City Cav
alry Is unsigned to duty as tscort to the mar
shal of tho day.
VI. Marshals and aids will bo designated as
follows :
Marshals of dlvMons by a yellow sah.
Chief of stalt aud personal aids to marshal
ot tho day by a red sash.
Atds-du-camp to tbu marshal of the day by a
trl-colorcd ropcttc.
Honorary aids representing states and terri
tories ou the rtau of thu marshal of thu day by
a bluo sash.
Aids on staff of first division by a red rosetto
Aids ou stud ot sccoud division by a wlilto
rosttto.
Aids on staff of third division by a bluo
rosette.
VII. The organization ofdlvlslonsand order
of procession will be as follows :
CIllEf MAKSIIAl. AMI STA1T.
I.Iout. (Jen. 1'. II. Sheridan, U. b.A Marshal
of the Day.
Chief ot statr, Ilvt, llrlg. Ocn. Albert Ord ay,
U.S. V.
Personal aids I.Iout, Col. W. J. Volkmar, U,
S. A.t Mr. l.ludeu Kent,
Alut de-camt, I.leut. CoL M. V. Sheridan,
U.S.A.; Meut. Col. James F (Iregory, II. 8.
A , Capt. S. K. lllunt, V. S. A,; Mr. Walker
Iilaluc, Mr. Scvellonllronn, dipt. Francis V.
tlrecne.U. S A ; Col. 11 I, Crautord, U. s. V.;
Medical Director J M. llroHUe, U. H. N.; Mr.
II. (Irafton Dulaney. I.leut. 1'. II. M. Maiou, ll.
KM: Col. Araos ebicr, U 8. V.; Mr. FaI
ward MtCauluy, Mont. W. II. Fmory. Jr., U. 8.
N., Capt. h. a liuidett, V. S V.; MaJ. (Irccn
Cluy lioodloe, V 8. SI. C , Mr. It. J. Danger
Held, ltvt. MaJ. Clajton McMichaol. U. 8. v.;
Ilvt. MsJ. Johu II. Fatiltt, I'. 8. V. llvt. I.leut.
Col. J. 1 Nicholson, I'. 8. V., .Mr. Mills Dean,
llvt. I.Iout. Col Ueorgo Truesdoll. U. 8. v.:
Capt. 1 N Ilurrilt, V 8. V., llvt. Col. Arohl
bald llopklui, I' 8. V., Capt, John M, Carson,
I'. 8. V.
Honorary staff representing Statu and Terri
tories Alabama, Mr. Johu 11, Morgan; An
kapsas, (ion. James C Tappan; California, Mr,
Thomas C. Uuantrelli Colorado, Ma J. V. W.
Vandcnburgu. Connecticut, (Ion, C. 1 Graham;
Delaware, Ueu J 1'arko l'ustlus; Florida. Col.
Wallace 8, Jones; Georgia, Col, Clifford Yi, Au-
l 1 f J Ji , V
W.W , V v 'i 1,1"