Newspaper Page Text
IwmmitatL Hwr yl I Br VOIi.'.SSY NO. 74. WASHINGTON, D. O., SATURDAY MOILING, FEBRUARY 21, 1885. ixmnus PiiKKT 'Iimi'K Ceiti. WASHINGTON'S MONUMENT. ROME ACCOIKT 01' THE OIHOIX, rROGIIESS, A!SD 10M1T.KTIOS OK T1IK 0M.MSK, TlnVldts of the Shrt rrojecttd hi Congress, lint Carried Out by the Washington ilonomttit Society br Jleins of Private H'onlribatlons, and Finally Completed by (loternment Appropriation and buperla. (ended by Government Engineers. Tbo incoptlon of the Washington monu tAont dates from n resolution adopted Aug. 7. 1783, Just aftor tho ondlng of tho war of tho rovolutlon. This resolution provided "that nn oquestrlan statuo of (Ion. Washington bo erected at tho place whero tho resldonco of congress shall be established In honor of fJoorso Washing ton, tho illustrious commandor-ln-chlof of tho armies of the United States of America during tho war which vindi cated and securod their llliorty, sovor Ignty, and ludopondoneo." Tho country thon was yonng, Us poo plo poor, and almost exhausted from the prolonged struggle for ludopondoneo, and as a country was bur thoned with tho hoary load of debt It had assumed from tho In dividual colonies, and work on tho pro posed MONUMENT DID NOT HEQIN. As tho years wont by Washington, on tho 14th of Doccmbor, 1700, then the lleutonant genoral of tho army of tho Uultod Statos, died at Mount Vernon, and tbo nation again nwoko to a senso of its ncgloct. Poo. 21, ten days af tor Wash ington passed away, songross passod anothor resolution to tho offoct "That a marble monument bo orected by tho United Statos at tho city of Washington, and that tho family of Gon. Washington bo reaucstcd to permit his body to bo do- fi ostteu nnuor it, ana mas tno monumoni ie so designed as to commomorato tho rreat oveuts of his military and political life" Mrs. Washington was mado acquainted with this resolution, and ngrood to its ro quest, but no further action was taken until May 8, 1800, when a solect commit tee of tho house of representatives sub mitted resolutions directing that tho resolution of 'congress of 1783 bo carrlod into execution, as well as tho resolution of 1709. That part referring to tho reso lution of 1763 was amended to rcquiro a mausoleum :or uoorgetYvosblngton to do Instead orected, and for this purpose, later, a bill passed tho houso of represen tatives Jan. 1, IgOl, appropriating $200, 000, but THE SENATE TAILED TO CONCUR. Ovor thirty years olapsed boforo any thing was done. On Feb. 13, 1832, con gress adopted mcasuros for an Imposing celebration of Washington's centennial birthday, Henry Clay being at the head of tho movement. Tho next day a reso lution was passed proposlug to again solicit the remains of Washington and his wlfo to bo deposited in accordanco with the resolution of 1700. Tho Vir ginia legislature, howevor. stepped In and earnestly requested tho proprietors of jiouut Yoruonnot to allow tbo remains to bo removed, and Mr. John A. Washing ton, tho oldor. acceded to this rcauest. After tho failuro to securu Washington's romains congress appropriated $20,000 for tho colossal statuo which now stands at tho edge of tbo park cast of the capltol. TJils statue was originally placed In tho rotunda, but In 1811 was removed to tbo park because Its immonso woiirht was threatening the floor uf tho rotunda. In 1833 a few public-spirited gentlemen in this city, thoroughly disgusted with mo procrastination or congress, lormca tbo WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT SOCIETY. Tho purposo was by voluntary contribu tions to erect a great national monument to tho memory of Washington nt tho scat of tho federal government. Tho pioneers in tins inovemont wero usnioi ,ana will, lam Bront, James Kearney, Joseph Qalcs, senior, and junior; Fetor Force, W. W. Seaton, John McCIolland, Plshey Thomp son, Thomas Carborry, Qoorgc Wattorson and William Cranoh. Tho first nresi. dent of tbo association eloctod was tho vonorablo Chief Justice John Marshall, then In his 83th year, and Judco William Cranch was tho first vico presldont. At ursi contributions wero limited to $1 from any ono person, and In 1830 $23,000 hod bocn collected. Tho financial crisis ol 1837 ana 1838 Interrupted tho contri butions aud In fact thoy woro almost sus pended for several yoars. In 1818 the il limit was abolished aud in tho following year THE FUNDS HAD BEACHED $37,000. In 1818 congress authorized tho society to erect tho mouuniout, and thu present slto was selected, not because It was tbo best in tho opinion of tho socioty, but because it was tbo ldoutlcal slto pro posod to MaJ. L'Eufant by Washington hlmsolf In 17U3 for n revolutionary monu ment. It was decided to erect an obelisk COO loot high, 65 1'cet squaro atthobaso, and resting upon a foundation 171 feot above tbo surface of tho earth. Tho obelisk was estimated to cost $352,000, and, Including tho pantheon, THE WHOLE COST WAS TO BE $1,127,000. Tho "Monument Lot," as it is best known to tho peoplo hero, comprised originally 761 acros of ground, but by thu filling of tho old canal, is now uxtunded to very nearly 100 acres, so that itis Im possible usthotlllo has rovertod to tho United States, that encroaching build ings shall ovor dwarf tho view of tho great obelisk. ON INDEPENDENCE DAY OF EIOHTEEN lIIUNDBEU AND FOUTY-EIOI1T, the cornerstone was laid with tho most imposing ceromoulcs. James K. Folk, tho thou prosldcnt of the United States, was tho president of tho Mouumeut So ciety, and tho othor officials wero Hun. William llront, first vico presldont; Hon. William W. Honton (then mayor of Wash ton), second vlto president; Oon. .Alex ander Henderson, conituandunt of tho marlno corps, third vico president, and tho following board of managers t MaJ. Ocn. WlnUold Scott, llrlg. Oon. Nathan Towson, U. 8. A.; Col. J. J, Abort, chief of topographical englneors, U. S. A.; Col. James Kearney, corps of englneors; Oon. Walter Jones, Thomas Carborry, l'ctor Force, Wm. A. liradloy, Philip lieglnnld Fondall, Thomas Monroe, Walter Lenox, Lieut. Matthow F, Maury, U. S. N and Thomus lilagden, Hon, Joseph H. llnul ley wasthocliiof marshal of thoday. Tho Oraurl I.odga of Masons of tho District of Columbia performed their solemn cere mony of setting the cornerstone, which is a block of marblo llko that used In tho shaft abovo it, and is an almost perfect cubo of over four feet dimension. This stnne, which was cut from tho quarry near Cockoyvlllo, near llallliuore, was brought to the city by rail and placed on a huga truck, especially built for it, for transpor tation to Its present site. When tho time camo In May, 1818, for Its Journey to tho MouuuiHiit lot, tho people patriotically resolved to aid, and turning out by thou sands, rigged to tho truck a long rope on which A THOUSAND MIGHT LAY HOLD. Out from tho depot to Pennsylvania avenuo the procession went, led by tho stirring notes of flfa aud drum, sur rounded by tho shouting multitude, whoso Individuals struggled with each other to gain a placo on tho drag ropos n those already thcro gavo way to those ambitious to aid. Up the broad avenue, along the plauk roadway that then led between the central lines of mighty pop lars, llko the maples that now grace New York ayonuo, tho procession passed until Fourteenth stroot was roachod, whon It turned southward to tho reservation which was to bo tho futnro homo of the stone they hauled. ALMOST A Clr.NEUATlON HAH TABUED away stneo tho mighty mind that lifted tno canltal or tho nation from tho mud and mado Is tho living beauty that it is ooiitotatou tno nmy "canal" mac long timo ago mado South Washington an "Island." Thon at flvo dlilbront Eolnts tho broad canal was crossed by ridges, and at the ono that crossod It at Fourtecuth stroot, at the tlmo this story tells of, troubloeamo tothostono that was to bo tho basa of the nobto shaft by tho Fotomac. Tho long lines of sturdy men and boys had passod tho frail bridge, and tho hoavy truck with Its precious load had almost roached tho southorn sldo whon thcahoro span gave way and settled so that FurtTiiEit rnoonEss was btopped. It was Impossiblo to proceed, and after tho greatest exertions had failed to drag tho stone from tho break, work was aban doned until mechanical appliances could bo obtained. In a few days riggers from tho navy yard bad ercctod shears mado with huge spars, and tho stono was lifted from its unwolcomo bed and sent ou tho way to Us futuro homo. On tho day flxod. as stated abovo, tho cornerstono was laid In Its bod noar tbo northoastorn nnclo of tho old foundation. which is now very nearly tho editor of tno added foundation. HON. bobebt c. WINTnBOP, of Massachusetts, ex-speaker of tho houso of representatives, and rockonod tho poor In oratory of tho most distinguished men of that day, delivered tho oration which all know so well, and which Is to this day considered tbo standard lor finished and porfect writing. Ho It Is, who, in his rlpo old ago has ngaln coino to pro paro tho address which to-day dcdlcatos tho work ho praised so eloquently almost nan a century ago. in tnismassivo mar ble corner block a capacious recess bad bcon cut, and In this, closed with a heavy coppor plate, was depnsltod a varlod col lection of documonts. nrlntcd and in manuscript, nowspapors of tho day, por traits, maps, cbarts, and coins. Tho following Is n list of tho artlclos, othor than tho sevonty-one nowspapors ' DEPOSITED IN THE HT.CT.HH OF THE COB- MERSTONE, takon from Harvoy's "Monograph of tho Monumout:" Historical sketch of the Washington National uonument aooioty sinco us origin, in manu script; copy of tho grant for tbo slto of tho monument under the joint resolution of con gress; constitutions of the Washington National .Monument fcoclcty, addresses, circulars, com missions, instructions, form of bond, from 1833 to 1818: large design of the Washington na tional monument, with tho fao simile of tbo names of the presidents of tho United States and others (lllbograpbod); largo design of tho Washington national monument (litho graphed; portrait of Washington, from Stuart's palming, raneuu linn; suiau aesigu oi monu ment and likeness of Washlueton. with blank certificates for contributors; constitution of the united states anddcciarallonor independence, f'.vacM.uu ,jj an, iituji aiuciiiiu kuiir.i.u' Ions, by W. Palton; plate engraved with tho names of the officers nnd members or tho board of managers; Wntlcrston's New Guldo to U'..hn.lnni . . r.f .tin Alton, 1t'..tiliia,nn II USUlll.tVtl, ULtltt, Ul IUD tlj Ul IIIHlllUHtltli, by Joseph llatoltn; laws of tho corporation of Washington, by A. Rothwell; statistics by John bessford of tho number of dwolllngs, valuo of improvements, assessments oi me real anu porsonal tax, Ac., In tho city of Washington, from lb-1 to 1848. mint and manuscript: J. 11. Varnum, Jr., on tho scat of government; the blatesmans Manual, containing presidents messages from Washim-tou to I'ollc. from 1789 to 1810, volumes 1 and .; Tho Bluo Book for 1847: Congressional Direct ory: by J. and U, H. Gideon; Message of tbo President of tbo United States aud accom- pan.lng documents, 1847; Morso's North American Atlas; Appleton's Italtroad and -Hcumoua- (jorapamou: iruo ifcpuDiicau;tuu llkenessdsofall tho .'resident to lKJlVaiiillitnu. gural addresses, byOrcmplemaniC'opluollho Union Magazine. Nuilonul Maguzlne, Uodey's i.uy s jiook. uruuatu a .Magazine, anu uoium blan Magazine for July, 1848; by Ilroo.o & Shilllngton; Alrlcan Repository aud Colonial Journal, 18)8; 'fhlrty-tlrst annual lteport of tbo American loiomzauou society; loast survey Document; Army Itcgtster for 1813: Navy Ilcglsler, 1SI8; Military Laws of tho United states, is 10; van's Inscription or tho Mugnetlo Telegraph, by Alfred Vail: Daguerrcotypo llkcucstesof ucn. and Mrs. Marv Wn.shlnc'tnn. with u description of the Daguerreotype pro cess: Silver medal rcprcseutlni; Gen. VViibhluc- ton and the National .Monument; Report of joint uommiuoo on inu i.mrary .nay 4, l&is, and an cn.ra, inc: Constitution or the Smith sonian Association, on tbo Island, instituted Nov. 0, 18l7;Kralthionianlnstllutlon-l.oport of tho commissioners ou Its organlzatlom; ro ttorts from tho board of regent; Tbo Washington Monument -halt It bo built? it pumpblot, by J. S. Lyon; liar pcrs' Illustrated Cataloguo; Guldo to the Cupltol, by It, Mills; abstract log for tho w.0 ui American navigators, uy i.icui. il, l, Maurv. U. S. N.: American Mate nanera. Kl2 Xatlonal Intelligencer lor 1810 (bound), by Gaics ol otaiuu; Auiencuu Arcimcs, u uocumentary history of tho American colonies to thu nrpit. nt times, fourth series, olumo n, by Peter urvu, mi Auicrituu uuiiur, ur .mug saran builth. Muflord. N. J.: Hulv Ulblo. nrestmtcd by the lllble fcoclcty, In.tltutid 1810; report of itui. iiucuu, supenuiuuueutoi tno cous; stir cy; annual rcjumof thu comptroller of tho uttv t,t .-uiv mil , ttuii. u, 101", iimn, initio, and Tonnage or tno New York canals, 1847, stataofNcw York, lirst report of tho commit stonor. Practice and i'loadmirs. bv linn. Wnqh, lugton Hunt; report of the commissioner of patents, law; lac-snnuo ot vtasuingtons ac counts, by Michael Nourso, then register of tho treasury; United Males Uscal department, volumes 1 and S; specimens of continental lt,.,ic !???. tt,.l1,.n,U -t.,..nn T..,., t.tvitiv. , t,v. nuiivMi .vituuiib ,tt:diaiur null farmers' Almauac, 1818; maps aud charts of tno coast survey; .uaury s wiuu nua current charts of thu north Atlantic; casts from tho seals of tbo 8. ol T. mid 1. u. It. M.; u ceut ol 178Jotthu United btato or America; Cuipolc'i American Daily AUixrllrer, Deo. si, 17W; uud thu rnlladclphta Uuzittc, Dec, 'J7, 17W. toutalnlng a lull uccouut of thu death and amoral ceremony of Ueu. Wuihlngton, tlio oilluial pruccediugsof congress, executive, c; publication .No, 1, Huston, 16J.1, letters of John ijuiucy Auaius to w. i,. btono, anu luiroduc liou: letters ol J. tl. Adams to hd urd Llvlnci tou, grand high priest, Ac; vindication of ueu. vtutuiugtou, tic., uy Joseph Hltner, gov ernor ol l'oiiiH) hattlu, with a letter to Uaulcl Webster, and hi reply, primed lu 1811; Ameri can AuliOlaiou, No. 1. vol. 1. llartlurd. Conn , 18J'J, Muluo Irtc l'rcmi; correspondence VUUtUllttlU Ul lull, lit., tu ItlUIJUlU Itufll, April, IbJI; Ills answer, May 4, 1811; creden tials of a delegate from Jellerion county, Mis souri, and piuacdlugs ot u inietlug of citi zens to uiatcu tho aiipululment ut u delegatu, astronomical obicrvui tons tor 1813, made under M. P. Maury, ut tho Wushlugtouuhsonatory; Journals of the scntito aud Iiojse of rcprisoula tivts ot tho Uuth congress aud documents; census ot tho United states, 1810; Force's Uuido to Washington nnd vicinity, 181m memoir of a tour to Northern Mexico, IblG-'l"; report oil tho urgaulzatlou ot tho s'mitluouUu Institution, by 1'ror, Henry, nlistottbujudgei of the supreme court ot tho Untied stales, its utll cers. wllu thudutes oftlielrresneetlva auiiulnt. ineuts; by W. J, Carroll, clerk supremo court of tuu uimeu siuius; urusu a poems; cataloguo Ol tbo library of congress, printed Ifco'J; cataloguo from 1M0 to 1817, both inclusive by Joint cum mlttcu on the library of congress; census or tho United States from 17'Jdto 1818, Inclusive; pro ceedings of the General Society of thu Cincin nati, w ith the original Institution of the order and fuc-slmllo of thu signatures of tho original members of the Statu fcoclcty of l'euns) haulu, Loustltulfoii and trcncral laws uf the Great Council of tho Improved Order ol ItedMcuof tho District 01 Columbia: h)-iaws ol 1'oirliatan 'Irtbo No, 1 uud general luusot tho Grim coun cil of tbo samu order; the Tcuiploot Liberty, twu Luptcs, ouumuumented and lettered ulttl red; tbo ktturs arc to urruuged In each tbat tho name of Washington may be spelled more thuu one thousand times lu connection, American silk Hug, presented by Ju-eph K. )lod. citizen of Washington, D. C, on the Uliot July, 1I8: deslgu of tbo uionuiuent, small plate, iroduced by u process culled electrotype, by Charles limdericu, ot Washlngtou; a copy oi thu cou stltutlou or thu first organized temperunco so ciety lu America, by I- II. Spraguu, July 1, 1818, nous ol Temperance lu thu District ol Co lumbia; cout-of-urms of tbo Wiishiugtoii family, by Mis. Juno Charlotte Washington, July 1, 1818, aud all tlta coins uf tho United flutes, from tho ca.lo to thu halt-dime, Inclusive. THE WHOLE WOULD, occidental and oriental, hud shown Its appreciation of tho fume of Washington, uud memorial stones woro sout hero to bo built Into tho shaft Irom ovurv nortlou of tho globo, At this tlmo ovory state of tho union but uoioraaa uuu urogon, and every territory but Arizona, Idaho, WnJiinglon and Alaska has mouiorlal stouus to build Into tbo shaft, aud ovury foreign nation has contributed to thu honor of thu great Washington, PERSIA, IN ARABIA, on a stono of purple-velncd marblo, tells of tho afiootlon that country has for tho contral figuro that led this country through rovolutlon to independonco and now llfo as a separato nation. turkey, also in Arabic, written by tho court poot, Mustopha Izyt, sends A mar blo block inscribed : "So as to strongthon the friendship between thotwocounlrlos, Abdul-Majld Kahn has also had hlsnamo wruton on tho Monumont to Washlng tou." Abovo this Inscription is n mono gram of "Abdul-Majld, son of Mohamot Khan." Clreoco sondi a block from tho rnluj of tho Farthonon, Inscribed: "Ooorgo Wash ington, tho hero, tho citizen of tho now and illustrious liberty: Tho land of Solon, Thomlstoclci, nnd Forleles tho mother or ntiflont llborty sonds this an cient stono as n testimony of honor nnd admiration from tho Farthonon." THE l'OrE'8 STONE DESTBOVED. On tbo night of Sunday, March G, 1854, during tbo knownotbtng oxcltemont, a baud of masked moil visited tho monu mont, gaggod tho watchman in tho lapi dary, and took tho slab of African marblo which had been prosontod by tho Vatican as Its contribution to tbo shaft, broko It In plecos, nnd throw thorn Into tho rlvor, Elovcn months lator, on Fob. 82, 18.", a number of members of tho samo party took possession of the rooms in tho city hall occupied by tho Washington Monu ment Socioty, ousted tho board, elected themselves a board of managors, Vespasian Ellis was mado first vice pres ident; Ooorgo H. I'lant, third vico presi dent; Charles II, Tucker, socrotary, nnd John M. McCill.i, trcasuror. Thoy passed a resolution that no ono should bo per mitted to voto on any quostlon unloss ho was Amorican born. This board hold possession until congress In 1859 granted tho old board a charter. Tho only thing accomplished durlug this porlod was tho laying of four foot of condemned stono wmcu was removed when tbo work was rosumod in 1880. TUEBE ARE TnREE HUNDBED of thcio momorlal stones in nil, nearly 200 of which aro alroady in placo in tho interior walls of tho shaft, on tho oast nnd west sldos, below tho lovol of 150 feot. Many of tho stonos reeolvod nro irom local sociotles nnd corporations, and they would bo wholly out of placo in a national structuro llko tho ono horo wrltton of, and theso it Is moro than probable will bo rejected by tho builders In tho completion of tho interior. Ono huge stono, splondldly carvod, has on Its broad faco the full list of tho officers and mombors of a local volunteer 11 ro com pany of an eastorncity. Anotborsplendid stono tolls on Its fair faco of tho superin tendent nnd all tho scholars of a Pennsyl vania Sunday-school. Among the blocks not yet placed In position Is that of Michi gan, which Is A half cubo of natlvocoppor from Ontonagon, throo feot squaro on its faco and half that measure in dopth, on the faco of which appears tho coat-of-arms of tho I'oninsula stato and its fair motto In nativo silvor taken from tho block and set lu tho smooth faco. Tho monumont is C55 feet 51 Inchos in holgbt above tho top of the foundation or floor of the shaft, aud Is 590 0.30" abovo mean soa lovol, THE TALLEST STRUCTURE IN THE WOULD. Tho basoof tho shaft is C5 foot 11 inches square, aud rosts on a foundation which was originally 53 feot 0 iuches squaro at tho top, and 60 feet square at tho base. This foundation, which was so ridicu lously Inadequate to sustain tho wolght of bo groat a structnro, was .S3 feot 4 inches in holght. and oxtonded onlv 7 feet 8 inohos below tho gonoral surfaco of me surrounding earth. In 1870, when Sonator Shorman In troduced tho resolution July 4, which became a law Aug. 2, 1870, TO COMPLETE THE MONUMENT, no work had been douo sinco 1850 by tho Monumont Socioty. Tbo work, un der tho act just abovo referred to, was placod under control of ft joint commis sion, which comprised cortaln members of the Monument Society, nnd four olU cors tho President of tbo United States, tbo ohief of the corps of onglnoers of tho army, tho architect of tho capltol, and tho architect of tho treasury. Thus, at tho present tlmo, tho members of tho "Joint commission for tho completion of tho Washington Monumont" aro Presi dent Arthur. Oon. John Newton, chief of englnoors, U. 9. A.; Hon. I M ward Clark, architect of tho capltol; Hon. M. U, Hell, suporvislng architect of tho trousury, and Mr. W. W. Corcoran. Lieut. Col. Thomas Lincoln Casoy, of tho corps of englneors, U. 8. A., was de signated by President Hayes as tho engi neer In chargo In tho fall of 1878, after a commission of engineer officers, appointed byll'rosldont Ornut,had mado preliminary examinations of,tho oArtbJbolow tholoxlst iug foundation. Theso examinations proved THE INADEQUACY OP THE OLD FOUNDA TION to support tho weight of such a strncturo, and in tho summor of 1878 MaJ. Ooorgo W. Davis, a captain in tho 11th United Statos Infantry, perfected a plan to build a now foundation, bolow nnd undor the old onu. MaJ. Davis was alroady known to tbo service, of which ho is a cart, as an accomplished engineer, and was brought horo especially for tho duty to which ho was at onco asslguod by ordor of Presi dent Hayes, as nn acting engineer otllcer and assistant to Col. Casey. Tho new foundation Is ono of tho greatest engi neering feats in tbo history of tho world, and has attracted tho attention of all englneors of this tlmo. ltunnlng first from tho southeast and tho northoust cornors aud then reversing In ordor for tho various sldos, shafts four foot wide wero dug until only lu tho center a squaro of earth was left to act llko a cushion as thogrcatobollsksottled. Into theso horizontal shafts rubblo bluo gnolss granlto was shoved, and tho Inter stices filled with a coucrota of sand, co iiieut, and finely brokon stono that mado tho nholo a solid mass. During this work, which was begun In October, 1878, and complotcd In tho lust of May, 18s0, moro than ono-half of. tho cubical con tents of tho old foundation was torn away to givo placo to the now work. In tho sectional view given horo In anothor col umn the relative position of tho old aud uuw portions Is shown bv tho dotted linos as compared with thu darker couter abovo tno earth cushion moutloiiod abovo. THE NEW FOUNDATION oxtonds 30 feot 10 Inchos bolow tho floor of tho shaft, aud is below tho tldo lovol of tho adjolniug Potomac. As oxtonded tho present fouudatlon moasuros 120 foot (I Inches squaru, and comprises nu area of ovor 10,000 squaro foot, as coinparod witli tno o,iua toot or tno out ono, in build ing this mora than 70 por ceut. of thu curth under tho old shaft was dug away, leaving tuu cartny cushion in tno center which Is told of abovo. Tho insertion of tho new foundation having been successfully accomplished, tbo first stone on tho new top was set Aug. 7, 1880, nnd from that day work steadily progrossed, except during tbo brief tlmo each winter when tho cold proventcd, until Dec. 0, 1631, whon tho capstone and tho metal tip woro placod in position. Tho upper courses of masonry of tho old portion hud bocoino disarranged dur ing tho many years tho work lay ox posod to the elements, nnd wore removed until tho shaft was exactly 150 feet in liolght from tho floor abovo tho founda tion TO THE HEIGHT OP 150 FEET tho walls aro built of bluo granlto back ing, with an ushlar faco of vuiy strong flvo grained marblo cut from tlio Cockeys villa quarries, which weighs 1761 pounds tn tho cubio foot, Tho granlto comes from various nuarries in New Unirlaud. Tho interior, or wall of tlio shalt, was increased irom tho loo to luu feet love). so tbat at the latter height tho walls aro i 8 foot 7 inches thick, leaving an interior diameter of III feet 51 Inchos square, and this proportion is rotained to the level of tlio Shalt propor, or 500 foot CI Inches nbovo tho floor. Tho batter of tho ox tortor walls Is A trlflo less than ono quarter of an Inch to each foot of rise At tho top of tho shaft tho oxterior la .14 feot 51 Inchos squaro, and abovo that rlsos tho pyramldlon that finishes In tho apox, 55 feot higher. The now portion of tho monument from tho 150 foot lovol 11 built of alter nnto blocks of marblo and granlto, nil of tho oxtorior faco b,elng marblo and hav ing alternated hoadors and atrotcbors ox tonded to tho inner faco. Tho courses of masonry aro each two foot in holght. In tho Interior of tho abaft Is an iron frame work of two parts. Around tho walls, stairs rlso on a part of each north and sonth sldo to an olovatlon of ten feet, mooting landings which oxtood along ro spccllvoly tho eastern and western walls, so that each landing Is twenty feet abovo tho ono bolow. Tho columns which sup port this stairway nnd platforms aro con nected with a concontrltfset of othor col umns whtcli composo tbo framo of an clovator. which traverses tho wall from tho floor bolow to tho CUO feet lovol abovo. Tho olovntor was used in tho construction or tho shaft In carrying tho stones and other material to tho top, and as tho walls were built up to each twenty feot, tho columns woro added and tho elovator oxtonded tbat dlstauco fur ther up In tho nlr. To 'tho four project ing columns of the olovatorweroattsehed crano arms, so that tho material, as It was brought to tho top on tho elovator carriage could bo ltftod around to its place. This clovator his a carrylug ca pacity of six tons, and as soon as tho actual work ot tho monument is dono will bo transformed Into a pissengor car for tho curious ones who do.il ro to seo tho city of Washington from so great a height. IT IS A REMABKAtlLE THINO that this groat structuro has boon frco from any accldont of loss of human llfo. Karly in tho days when work was recom moncod on tho top, Mr. F, II. McLaughlin, the suporlntondout of tho work, who had onco been a seafarlug man, dovlsed a plan which oflectually prevented sorlous accldont. A strong net of tarred cordago known as marllno was rleeod on booms oxteudlng outward fromltho four corners of tho shaft, nnd attached Inboard to a bolted lramo that gripped closely tho four sldos. As tho holght of tho shaft increased and tho machlnory of tho Interior was raised, this not nnd its framo woro raisod, and by a simple system of shortening tho framo by its bolt ends as tho exterior dlamotor of tho shaft decreased in its ascending height, tho life-saving not was novcr lower than twenty feot bolow the outor odge of the top. Into this not, at ouo tlmo or another, tho swinging bourns with tholr hoavy hanging tacklo, or by careloss missteps, nearly ovory man en ga.id in vork on tho ton foil at ono limn or anothor, and somo of thorn a score of times. IN TnE CONTINUATION OP THE MONU MENT twonty-slx feot were added in tho Bum mer, fall, and early winter of 1880; in tbo worklngsoasou of 1681 woro added seventy four, making n height or 250 foot. From that tlmo ou tho work progrossod rapidly, and at tho closo of 169:2 tbo shaft was 340 feot high, at tho ond of 1883, 410 foot, and was completed to Its apox Dec 0, 1684. As tho walls narrowed to thn 500 font lovol It became nocossary to add to tbo Birongtn lor supporting tuo pyramidal roof, and fifty foot below tbo pyramldlon, ribs woro startod from each of tho cor ners and along tho four sides of each faco, which meet and aro tlod by tbo koystono at 535 feet, as shown In iergo soetional picturo given hero, Tho method of building these supporting ribs is shown Ingrotttor dotail in tho other cut tbat represents tho last ,100 feet at the top. Tho clovator In tho shaft oxtends only to tho top of tho shaft proper, or 600 foet CI inches abovo tho floor, and abovo that holght tbo work was carried on by means of interior scaffolding until tho koystono was sot, and abovo that by moans of an Ingenious oxtorior framo, which was de vised and built by Mr, McLaughlin, and which Is also shown lu anothor column. THE LAST STONES AT THE TOP woro hoisted to tho outer platform anil sot from thoro, and Doc. (J, 1881, tho cap stono and Its tip of aluminum wero placed in position. A small party in vited by tho cnginoor olllcer in chargo wuru prosuub at sue nnai coromouy, and a small uumbor braved tho rain aud fear ful galo that prevailed and mounted to tho platform above. Tho rain foil in torronts, whilo tho wind, which blow In ft heavy galo from tho southeast, attained an estimated velocity of sixty-flvo miles au hour. Whon each or tho Ilttlo party on tho top had taken part In placing a small portion of mortar on tho bod pre pared tho aluminum tip was set and tho outor structuro of tbo groat monumont was complotcd. A natioual flag wa3 run up, and as this streamed out Its folds a battery stationed near by. In tho grounds bolow tbo treasury, barked out in quick succession n hundred times in honor of tbo work and tho man it commomorates. THE STRUCTURE AS COMPLETED is tho highest known to tho world. Tho spiros of tho famous cathedral at Cologne runk noxt of completed structures, being 521 feet and 11 Inchos nbovo tho sur rounding streets; this will bo outranked during this present year by the statuo on tlio dome of tho now city hall at Phila delphia, which will bo C37 feot and four Inches high. Tbogreator of tho pyramids, that of Cheops, Is 430 feot high. Tho spiro of tho Strasburg cathodral Is 108 feot, and tho glided cross nbovo tho ball on thu doino of St. Peter's, at Koino, Is 457 feot abovo tho earth. Our capital, from floor to tho crown'of the statuo on tho dome, Is 285 foot 5 7-lti inches, while thu domo nbovo tho stato capltol of Illi nois rises noarly 60 foot higher, 301 feot, AT THE UREAT IIWOlIT to which tlio monument rears its statoly head, tho city named for mm tho inouu mont commomorates, lays bolow llko tho toy with which n boy builds tho mluilo cities of his play. To tho eastward, Just undor foot ns It sooms to tho eyo, is tho huge building of the bureau of ougraving and printing, and further on, lessor still to tlio oyu, tho agricultural department, tho stately Smithsonian, mid tho National Museum aro llko tho blocks tho boy uses for his play, Tho capltol Is dwarfed to pigmy propoitlon as from so great an olovatlon tho spectator looks down until tho streets beyond uro in full view only a few squares further away, Tho navy yard, with Its hugo ship houses, is a sparsely covered plot. Tho ex ecutive mansion, flanked to right nnd left by tho treasury and tho bouutitul building of tho stato, war and navy de partments, stands llko a great pearl In u bed of omornld of Its surrounding parks, Tho ono thing that attracts universal at tention from thoso who have looked from tho, top of tho mouumeut is tbo greut ax tent of tho Btreots and parks of our capi tal city. To thu south the tl oo ombow orcd arsenal looks llko tho Jowolcd pen dant on the fair breast of tho beautiful city, vthilo to tho west aud southwest tho broad Potomac lays llko a broad stripe of silver separating tho city frum tho Vir ginia hills that seem almost at tho gazot's foot. THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE Is 61,120 tons (of 2,210 pounds) nud has cost to Jan. 1, of this year, $1,187,710.31 as stated in tho last report of Col, Casey, Hnlr IHnttrcsses for the Troops, Hair mattresses, sheets, and pillows woro Issued to tho troops at tho barracks yestorday. Tho mattrosioi will tako tho placo of tho straw beds which havo heon in uso hcrotuforo lu tho army. The chaugo Is greatly for tho hotter, and dulv appreciated by tho onllttcd.nieu, . SM 3pS mtMWA iS,AltST5,v?a sWwift jpftjc spa cop&fi:cr:msiw.' dJIQ f.T. i. rrrtAMiri.orcHEOPS. 430 f,T. STTCT.msOTtTMri.' ' 3a ttv, ' .'"l DICEUOWCCraiCTMc asa ex; n a5EcEE5t2E5; I I I 11 t -T sjWx S- m Fii.l..li,l,.li-4 1 1 ; ir ii ii y it milk NU W Wm JfMVr lsfi?ti m, w I IV rtnrfvrTitrwmrftirT7ni?bvnwNittP wwfy 3iggr:fig&5SS'g5gScS?yg Note The figures at the side ol tho cut fjvcrali'poclniif lisiiuistiu tl n I v t this to No. 2 Is tho result of nork during t'n !0t. J to 3 was tbo pbrtlon built In 1891; irom No. 5 to tho inp, that of li. The Stonecutters' I'roermumr, Tho Joint mooting of tho granlto and marblo cuttors last night announced that thoy oxpoctod to parado 150 mon to-day. Joseph Fanning, past district mastor workman of tho Knights of Labor, has heon appointed chiof marshal, and Jamos Kollyaud Dantolllothwell assistant mar shals. Mr. John Lyons, of the granlto cutters, and Mr. Charles Sword, of tho marble cuttors, will respectively roprosont tho two branches of tho trudu on the floor of tho house of repre sentatives. Tho members of tho union will wo.tr dark clothos, and, as insignia, will bear'jon tho left b roast n red, white, and bluo ribbon, on the white stripe of which Is inscribed tho words, "Stonocut tors of Washington, I). C." Messrs. John Fallon, J. W. Consldlno, District master workman of tho K. of U; F. P. Martin, Ii W. Oyster, president of tho Federation of Labor ; It. L. DoAkcrs, nnd James Hogan will parado us guests, Itesoluttons wero adopted expressing tho cordial appreciation of tho stonccut tors of the District for tho kindly trett mont which thoy had reeolvod at thu hands of tho congressional committee) generally, and particular expression of gratltudo woro matlo for tho services of Sonator Sherman. Oon. ltosocrsns, Mr. Dorshelmer, and Mr. Collins in socuriug them representation by election. ,'Tnrxsww WHtORAL, 'b I rjo .1 f 5 . irT .CATHtORALOrSTCTEn iai'.r-iJraw "mn tl ST.J!AUL,J.0ND0rf aCOjfTV -MONUMENT.? ssJiQsstfesessi: represent Iho terminations of tho shaft at tbo i uamw Nu 1 Is that built b' foro lMl; from 'tasinof lvo under congressional aid: from 3 to 4, lu 183.'; from 4 tot, In l&SJ, and from The Larrrcuce Light Olinril. The Lawroneo Light Guard, of Med- ford, Mass., arrivod yesterday morning, nnd aro quartored at tho National Hotol. Thoy aro tho gutstsof Company B, W. L. I. 0. Tho officers and membors of tho company aro: Capt. Joseph 11 Clark, First I.Iout. John T. Coleman, Second Lieut, llnncy M, .Smith, beret. A. II. Illako. Stirirt. S. St. U.mnli. SiifL-t. MRU m-m it i nil n w H Hi H 11 U sw 'W-3SH TV-.VA;-, ? IS MMAftfaltw6rt't M 'f t'lw'WPwm i(si Jttr-te (', I! Whitney, beret. 11. C. Nicholas, Corp. I". K. McUuIro, ('orp. 11 J. Wlltmoth. Corn O. II, Doughty, Walter Kolgor. J. l Itlordon, William llustood, J I). White, ll. II. Mageo. F. SI. Ha dcu, W. r. Porter, M. II. Illgglns, W. II. Hutch- I limm, W. II. Keay. A. A Ijiurlat, W. Lamotit, William Hastier, William Mtero, Arthur Nel son, K. L. Pratt, C. A. l'erktus, Wm. Itohos, 11. A Symonds, .1. .V. Wcstcott. ltlordou Walter, I Corp C. V. Mcllrlarty, J. H Klordon, O. A. I Carter, J. C. I'larlt, A. II. Atwood, W. Jl. llruun, J. I'. Iluckuian, V. C. Iiatley, I). II. Clark, A. W. Clark, (!. A. Clark, llenjamln Harrows, 8. C. f'rcichtou, ncorgo Cocke, 11 J. Doughiv, C. 1 Ihiicrson, W. W. tiordon, Hubert Hills. F C. ilnodrllh, L. H. llernson, C. S. Ilaurkoi. N. A Johuiun A. It. Kerr, U. II, . Innx, J. J. Mahaney, r. II, Mcdllllcuddy, W. J Mc(loau, Harry J. Now hall, O. A. l'erry, C. ill Hansknlt, II li. Spauldlng, William Trefoil, i Howard Wlggln i Accompanying tho Light Guard as , guosts of Capt, Clark aro MaJ. J. H, Whit ney, Cnpt, John Hook, Dr. J. II. McQuado, Oliver White, Col. Asa Law, and Dr, Pearl I Martin, . ,ni U fcS. k, TUB PROGRAMME OFTO-DAY mrosisn nF.mcATiox csm:momm at THi: 310.1l'B.T AUD CAPITOL. The AdJrMHi and Xinonle t'rorsrdlits at tlio Shsft-The Vrocnalon and llstlew by the I'rrsldtat-Oratlons la tne Ilosse of Ucprtsentstlus. Tho proceedings of to-day as detailed in tbo various official orders and other papers which aro drawn from the pro grammo given bolow will bo of a most Imposing character. Whilo the dedica tion of this mammoth monument to tho patriotism of tho peoplo no less than tn tho father of his country bears a moro or less subordinate rotation to that other ceremony which takes placo In less than two weeks, tho near colncidonco of dates cnablos tho first to sharo In many of tho facilities provldod for tho othor. Decora tions probably destined primarily for tbo inauguration bavo boen qui to numer ously pat in plaeo in tlmo for to-day's colouration, as bavo stands from which to view tho procession, Msuy pooplo, too, from a dlstauco are horo to atteud tho two events. TIIB-DKDICATIOX CKUKMONIE. Exercises nt the Itnse ofthaMonil" mint Which Iit OCT the May. The corcmonlos at tho baso of tho Monumont will commonco precisoly at 11 o'clock, and will bo as follows: 1. Tbo lion. John flhorman. a senator from Ohio, chairman of tho commlnlon authorized by tho Joint resolution ol llayttl, ISM, will preside. 2. Music. it. Prayer by tho Her. Mr. Futcr, of Christ Church, Alexandria, Va. 4. Remarks by W.W. Corcoran, esq., tho first vico president of tho Washlngtou Xatlonal Monument boclcty. 5. Masonle ceremonies by tho Grand Lodgo of tbo District of Columbia, 0. ltcmarks by Col, T. L. Casey, tho engineer of tho Joint rommlolou, delivering the Monu ment to tho President of tho United Slates. 7. Dedication or tbo Monument to tho namo and memory or tlcortu Washlngtou by tho l'residcut ot tho United States. 8. Mutlc. Tho procession will forthwith bo formed, and will move to tho capltol by the following routo ; Through the I'risldcut's squaro to Hcvcntccnth street, up Hcvetceuth street to Pennsylvania avenue, thence along Pennsyl vania avenuo to the capltol, where It will bo roviencd by tho President of the United Stales from a stand at tbo cast front, 9 After the review tho procession will bo dismissed. When the procession begins to movo salutes of 100 guns will bo firod at tbo navy yard, tho artillery hoadquarteri, and Fort Moyor. Tho proceedings which tako place as abovo wero rehoarsed yes terday, and occupied exactly thirty minutes. Fiftoen minutes will bo takou In gottlng tho procession In motion, and by 1:30 o'clock It Is now believed tbo President will have roviowed the lino and bo ready for tho proceedings In tho houso of reprosontatlvea, THE 1'ItOCKSSION IN LINE. Corrected Order for Its Formation, Composltlou, sail Itouteof March. Tho following Is tho full toxt or tho final ordor of Chlof Marshal Rherldan, as rovliod, and is tho only correct copy pub lished: lliipquAKTias MATurtALor the Pay. Dr.M cation or WAsuiMiTo-r National Mom iu.t, Wasihnuton, 1). C, Veb. 20. 1855, llleni'Ml Or ders, No, 4 Tho marshal of the day an nounces the following orders and arraun ments for tbo formation and raovementsof the procession lu connection with tbo cercmonlo attending tbo dedication or the Washington national monument, ou Saturday, Feb. I'l, 165; THE 5IIUTABY. I. Tho first division will amemhle on Thir teenth stroet at 1145 o'clock a. m.. and bo formed In lino faring east, with Its right test ing In tbo agricultural department Kmunds. It will bo moved promptly at 10.15 o'clock it. m through tho agricultural department grounds into the monument grounds, where It will bo masied In clone column as thu right division In front of tho dedication stand- mi: c.ir.nuur. nivitio. II. Tho second division cnrrlrget will pro ceed to tho monument grounds lu accordance with special Initructlnns that iuo bct-n given tbcm; will enter by the Fourteenth street en trance and bo parked by staff otllcer In chargo at that point. THE MASONS. Tho Masonlo fraternity will assemble alMa sonle Hall, ou 1' street, corner of Ninth, at !i..ai o'clock a. in., wbero it will lw formed under tho direction or tho grand master of tbo Ills trl tor Columbia. It will move promptly at H) o'clock, b) way of F, Fifteenth, and II streets, to tho monument grounds, Mhero it will bo maiscd In clo.e column as tho ccntor division In front of tho dedication stand. UKKLLANEOl'S DOniES. III. Tho third division will asscmblo nn Seventeenth street at tl. 15 o'clock a. in., and bo formed In lino facing cast, with its right rest ing at Intersection of 11 street. It will to moved promptly nt 10:15 o'clock a. m bv way nf It street, Into tho monument grounds, where It will bo massed In closo columu, as tho Ion di vision, In lront of tho dedication stand, THE ROUTE OK TROt'EMION. IV. Immediately on the conclusion nf this dedication ceremonies, tho divisions will movo out of the monumcut grounds success ively. The military organizations of tbetlrst division will bu lorincd luto column by com panies or platoons ou reaching It street, and tlio column will movo westwardly on 11 street, to Beventeeuth street, boventecnth street to Pennsylvania aveuue; ou tho south side of Pennsylvania avenue to Fittecnth street, Fif teenth street to Pennsylvania avenue, north side of 1'eniisyUunia avenuo to First street, Flnt street to southwest entrance to capltol grounds, through capltol grounds on south front of capltol to tho cast front, along cast front of the capltol to the northern boundary of tho capltol grouodi, at which point all or ganizations will bo successively dismissed as urrivo they. As it pasi.es along tho cast front of the capl tol thu column will bo reviewed by tho Presi dent oftho United Htatei, Irom a stand In front of thu center portico of tho capltol, tho troops marching as lu ruvlcw, oihccrs saluting. V. Tho Ancient aud llonorablo Artillery Company of Massachusetts Is aMlRlied as hon orary ocort to tbo 1'rcsldeut of thu United states. Tho Ccorgo Washington Post, No. 103, Orand Army of tlio Kepubllo of New York, Is as signed as honorary escort to tho president elect of the United Mates. Tho First Troop ot Philadelphia City Cav alry Is unsigned to duty as tscort to the mar shal of tho day. VI. Marshals and aids will bo designated as follows : Marshals of dlvMons by a yellow sah. Chief of stalt aud personal aids to marshal ot tho day by a red sash. Atds-du-camp to tbu marshal of the day by a trl-colorcd ropcttc. Honorary aids representing states and terri tories ou the rtau of thu marshal of thu day by a bluo sash. Aids on staff of first division by a red rosetto Aids ou stud ot sccoud division by a wlilto rosttto. Aids on staff of third division by a bluo rosette. VII. The organization ofdlvlslonsand order of procession will be as follows : CIllEf MAKSIIAl. AMI STA1T. I.Iout. (Jen. 1'. II. Sheridan, U. b.A Marshal of the Day. Chief ot statr, Ilvt, llrlg. Ocn. Albert Ord ay, U.S. V. Personal aids I.Iout, Col. W. J. Volkmar, U, S. A.t Mr. l.ludeu Kent, Alut de-camt, I.leut. CoL M. V. Sheridan, U.S.A.; Meut. Col. James F (Iregory, II. 8. A , Capt. S. K. lllunt, V. S. A,; Mr. Walker Iilaluc, Mr. Scvellonllronn, dipt. Francis V. tlrecne.U. S A ; Col. 11 I, Crautord, U. s. V.; Medical Director J M. llroHUe, U. H. N.; Mr. II. (Irafton Dulaney. I.leut. 1'. II. M. Maiou, ll. KM: Col. Araos ebicr, U 8. V.; Mr. FaI ward MtCauluy, Mont. W. II. Fmory. Jr., U. 8. N., Capt. h. a liuidett, V. S V.; MaJ. (Irccn Cluy lioodloe, V 8. SI. C , Mr. It. J. Danger Held, ltvt. MaJ. Clajton McMichaol. U. 8. v.; Ilvt. MsJ. Johu II. Fatiltt, I'. 8. V. llvt. I.leut. Col. J. 1 Nicholson, I'. 8. V., .Mr. Mills Dean, llvt. I.Iout. Col Ueorgo Truesdoll. U. 8. v.: Capt. 1 N Ilurrilt, V 8. V., llvt. Col. Arohl bald llopklui, I' 8. V., Capt, John M, Carson, I'. 8. V. Honorary staff representing Statu and Terri tories Alabama, Mr. Johu 11, Morgan; An kapsas, (ion. James C Tappan; California, Mr, Thomas C. Uuantrelli Colorado, Ma J. V. W. Vandcnburgu. Connecticut, (Ion, C. 1 Graham; Delaware, Ueu J 1'arko l'ustlus; Florida. Col. Wallace 8, Jones; Georgia, Col, Clifford Yi, Au- l 1 f J Ji , V W.W , V v 'i 1,1"