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l' THURSDAY, December 25, 1902. Semi-Weekly Courier By A. W. LEE. Entered at Ottumwa Matter. as Second Class Founded 8tb August, 1848. J'nbllshea Seuil-Wcelily on TueGdays and Thursdays. Office: 112 South Market Street. Telephone (editorial or business office) No. 44. I M&udrcss the Courier Printing Co., Ottnm '",, we, Iowa. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. Jj/%Dally Courier, 1 year, by mall...$4.00 ^Semi-Weekly Courier, 1 year 1.50 ORIGIN OF THE MONROE DOC- TRINE- The Venezuelan incident has arous ed unusual interest in that American principle commonly known as the Mon tjj roe doctrine. Since it was first ut tered by President Monroe in his mes sage to congress in 1823 it has stood as a note of warning to the powers of ',/WEurope, that would fain have sought !«,, ^territorial aggrandizement in the wes ffe"tern hemisphere. So clearly has the wisdom of the policy contained In this declaration been demonstrated it has been accepted •by the people of the United States and .given a place as one of the unwritten Slaws of the land, without any question ,M to the cause of its origin. The causes that led up to the declar ation of this policy were the result of what was at that time unique condi tions in the international relations of this country. Shortly after the over throw of Napoleon I, the rulers of Rus sia, Austria, France and Prussia form led an alliance. This coalition united fffor protection against revolutionary •^demonstrations and not against foreign ^aggression. In 1820 the allied powers "timet at Troppau and agreed that the i^main purpose of the alliance should be gfrfyj maintain the principle of legitimacy In existing dynasties, if necessary by actual and armed interference. In ac iordance with measures adopted by $||the congress at Laibach in 1820, an up jSg^rising in Naples and Piedmont was put pffjdown by the forces of Austria. Like -wise a revolution in Spain was sup ^I'pressed by the French armies in con sequence of resolutions passed at the tft'^Aconference of the powers at Verona, Iffin 1822. A§5| At the first two congresses England had been represented by Castlereagh jiWho, though not strictly a member of ^thi, conference, approved of the meas ures adopted. When at the point of starting for Verona, Castlereagh com mitted suicide. George Canning, who then became secretary of state, disap proved of the Spanish intervention.Aft er the Spanish restoration of the Span ish king, Canning thought he had reas on to believe that the plan of interven tion would be applied to the restora tion of power over the American colo tiles,which in 1810 had maintained their independence from Spanish authority. That independence had already been acknowledged by the United States. In the summer of 1823 Mr. Canning j&spoke of his suspicion to Mr. Rush, £^then minister from the Uniter States to London. He also expressed a de- I^'sire that this country join with him in WJ endeavoring to thwart the allied pow ers in their purpose. What followed this intimation in this country is best ,v told in the statement of J. Q. Adams concerning the cabinet meeting held ,v in September 1823: "The subject for consideration was the confidential pro irf 'posal of Canning, British secretary of state, to Mr. Rush, and the correspond jp®|f ence between them relating to the pro iSy-jject of the holy alliance upon South plti America. The object of Canning ap pears to have been to obtain some pub iJfij lie pledge from the United States, os |j'« tensibly against the forcible interfer ence of the holy alliance between 'j--Spain and South America, but really or specially against the acquisition by the United States of any of the Span ish possessions." •Sf After a long and careful investiga In,tion of the situation it was finally de cided that the President should express some disapprobation of the matter in his message. The passage relating to this matter was carefully prepared, much debated in the cabinet sessions and'submitted as finally adopted to Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison. The annual message of 1823 accordingly contained the passages, which have come to be known as the Monroe doc trine, the substance of which is given in the following passage: "We owe it to the candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and the allied pow era to declare that we should consld er any atttempt on their part to extend their system, to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European pow er we have not interfered but with the governments which have declared their independence and maintained It and whose independence we have on great consideration acknowledged, we could not view an interposition for op pressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny by any other European power, in any other light that as a manifestation of an un- friendly disposition towards the Uni ted States." The 'wisdom, of the principle inau gurated and expressed by these men has been proven by the test of time. Through nearly fourscore years this policy has been preserved inviolate, and today the people of the United States are as ready to give support to any administration that shall find it necessary to enforce its declarations even to the use of force. The statement of William Godfrey Hunter, Jr., relative to the killing of William A. Fitzgerald at Guatemala, as made before the court alleges that the latter attacked him, striking him under the eye and snapping a revol ver several times in his face. Hun ter's story is straightforward enough to warrant a suspension of judgment until all the evidence is in. It might be well to remind the pros perous majority of their obligations to the unfortunate minority. The be stowal of one little Christmas joy where otherwise none would go, will afford more satisfaction to the giver and more joy to the recipient than all the gifts the more favored will re ceive. It might be well to let Venezuela take care of herself for a short time and cast a glance in the direction of China, where it is reported Tung Fu Hiang is mobilizing 10,000 well trained soldiers for the purpose of exterminat iiig the foreigners in the province of Shensl and Kansu. The debt of Venezuela amounts to only about $49,000,000. If the people of that country would quit devoting their energies to encouraging civil strife and use it in promoting 'their business interests, their debt might soon be paid. That Mr. Bryan still maintains much influence with the Iowa silver demo crats, is shown in the fact that they are now planning and organizing for the fight next year to gain the en dorsement of the Kansas City plat form. The anti-expansionists do not seem to have quoted President Monroe very extensively, though he promul gated a doctrine limiting expansion— of European powers. That plain man of Nebraska, Wil liam Jennings Bryan, is said to enjoy an income of $1,500 per week. He seems to be willing to enjoy the abun dant prosperity, whether it comes in gold or silver chunks. Occasionally there are people who raise the cry that living costs more now than it did a few years ago. This may be true, but it must be remem bered that most people are now liv ing better than they did then. Apparently "Golden Rule" Jones, mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, does not like General Sherman's characteriza tion of war. He has stated his idea thus: "War is murder and soldiers are murderers." And the powers keep on insisting that President Roosevelt is the person to settle their dispute with Venezuela. Destroy as much prosperity as pos sible, seems to be the approved meth od of collecting national debts. IOWA PRESS COMMENT. Make the Platform for Mr. Cummins. Governor Cummins will be renomi nated, but "a republican platform will be built for him to stand upon." That is the idea of the Marlon Register. The register is convinced that as to the newspapers there is only one that will be sure to stand pat and its editor is "dad" of the shelter plank. "Even that one," the Marion paper continues, might be doubtful in a showdown, for it is said that George Roberts locks the door of his office in the treasury department and kicks himself by the hour for his 1901-02 foolishness on this question.' Asks Quarter for Cummins. The Vinton Eagle says somewhat petulantly that it "fails to see where in it is necessary for the republican press of Iowa to take up and discuss every speech of Governor Cummins." —o A Spirit Lake View. The latest fashion news is thus told in delicate language by the Spirit Lake Beacon: "A society report fresh from New York says the latest decol lete wrinkle leaves less than ever to the imagination of the curious but un informed." —o— Wade and Patronage. The Iowa City Republican says the announcement of Judge Wade that he had no jobs to let has fallen upon the ears of the faithful of the second dis trlct with a dull, sickening thud. "A democrat in office and no jobs?" com ments the Republican. "Shades of Petroleum V. Nasby!" —o— Now, Be Good "There are national holidays enough as it is," declares the Cedar Rapids Republican. "Leave some days for working." Not Built That Way. The Storm Lake Pilot-Tribune says that if the school teachers of Iowa "would exist on a Chinese diet and wear wooden shoes they might be able to save a little pin money out of the salaries paid at present, but not other wise." 4 "1 Jf? QUEEN MARY ANN "By Mabel FolUn Smith Copyright, 1901, By Mabel FolUn Smith agt ART ANN was ironing vigor ously when I entered. "Miss Clare," she said, "which name do you like best for a girl, Irene or Maud?" I really don't know," I said. "They are both pretty." I like fine names," said Mary Ann. "They don't cos' no mo' than common ones. All my chlllen lins splendid names—the best 1 could find. An' I was thinkin' if I had another baby what would I name It. If it's a boy, I'll name hlra Romney. I like Rom ney it sounds fine. But if it's a girl I hasn't decided between Maud an' Irene." "Yes, your children have fine names, Mary Ann. Where did you find them?" "Found 'em all In novels, Miss Clare. When I was a girl down there on the "WE HAD SEAL SICE CHWS'MDS TBEE." old plantation in Virginia, my missus—' Miss Clayton—she had all the novels I guess that ever was printed, an' read all of 'em that had purty paper covers printed in red an' blue an' yaller. Hasn't you noticed that a novel ain't real good unless It has a heap of color on the cover? Them plain covered novels deals too much with po' folks. Laws, I don't have no occasion to read about po' folks. I sees enough of them. What's the name of this here English novel writer the white folks talk so much about?" 'George Eliot?" I ventured. 'No, not him. It's somethin' like Dickson or Dickerson." "Dickens?" I said. "Yes, that's the name. Now, I tried to read one of Mr. Dickens' novels, an' he started off with a po' boy livin' with a blacksmith. That was enough for me. I dou't want to read about paupers an' blacksmiths. Why, I can see a blacksmith right down the street mus gifts an' lovln' messages to Prince here in this village, an' the po'house back of Tarrytown is jes' filled with paupers. "I wants to read about rich folks an' lords an' ladies an' princes, livin' in style about how the Prince Mortimer rides up to the castle on his gayly com parisoued horse an' carries off the Lady Grenadine, an' how the ole lord follers 'em with a huuderd men in armor, an' how Prince Mortimer gets away an' has the laugh on his father-in-law about the grand balls an' maskerades about people who uses flue words an' men, that's always bowin' an' scrapin' befo' the ladles an' fightin' over 'em an' worshipin' 'em about fine ladies in fine clothes, with notliin' to bother 'em but a whole lot of men makin' love to 'em. "Yes, I learned a heap from them novels. From 'em I named my oldest boy Roland, an' the next Rupert, an' the last one Aubrey. An* then I named the girls Claudia an' Lucille an' Rosa lind an' Geraidine. Them names do sound grand, don't they? "To tell you the truth, Miss Clare, 1 do like things fine an' grand. I ain't got no patience with common things. If I was white an' rich. I'd put on mo' style than 'most any white woman in New York, I reckon. I wouldn't be afraid to wear di'monds in the day time, an' lots of 'em, an' feathers an' lace an' furs. An' I'd carry my head high an' throw out my chest an' try to look distinguished, I tell you." And Mary Ann did draw her tall fig ure "to Its full height," as they say in the novels, as she walked from the stove to the ironing table with spar kling eyes and a distinguished air, laughing merrily and thereby showing a mouth full of fine teeth. I had known that Mary Ann, a mu latto with a nice figure and comely fea tures, was good looking, but I had not realized her possibilities in the .way of style before. "My lovln' grand things don't come so much from the novels I've read as from my 'magination. I don't suppose if I was white I could have mo' 'magi nation than I baa. 5?p THE OTTUMWA COTTIMEJR. "You see, in my 'magination I can be jes' as rich an' fine an' white—why, I ca» be jes' as white as white folks, Miss Clare, an* pretty an' young. "An' then all the good times have in my 'magination! I don't have the trou ble that goes with really bavin' things. I build great, big, gplendid houses, pal aces, an' castles, an' then I jes' let 'em go an' don't bother.about repairin' 'em or payln' taxes. When I wants anoth er house, I Jes' build it out of my mind. That's a good deal easier an' cheaper than takin' care of the old ones." And Mary Ann laughed as she mois tened her finger and tried the heat of the iron. "None of my horses ever has the colic or goes lame," she continued, ."an' no body has any finer ones. You jes' ought to see me sailln' in my 'magination through Fifth avenoo behind my pranc in' steeds, while people stop to look at me an' say, 'I wonder who that gor geous an' lovely creachure is.* "An' then the traveling While I'm washin' an' lronin' here In this ole laundry I jes' soar off to Saratogy an' Newport an' England an' Paris an' Asia an' Afrlky. Well, 110, I don't go much to Afriky. It ain't stylish enough for me. But I go to the north pole hot days jes* to cool off. I don't find no difficulty in reachin' the pole. I've climbed that pole many a time in my 'magination." And Mary Ann again laughed merri ly over the pleasant pictures which she had drawn. "Did I ever tell you about the fun we had las' Chris'mus, Miss Clare? I didn't? Well, I must tell you about that. "You see, we was kind of po' last Chris'mus. Your folks had done gone to the city, an' I hadn't no extra work, an' the chillen all needed winter clothes, an' we had only 45 cents left for Chris'mus, an' Peter he said that we couldn't affo'd no Chris'mus tree, but I said: 'Go 'way, Peter. I'm goln' to have a Chris'mus tree.' So I went out in the village the night before Chris'mus an* found a po' little runty tree that nobody wouldn't buy, an' got it for 3 cents, an' I fixed It up with a lot of little baubles that your mom mer had given me, an' we had a real nice Chris'mus tree, "An' then I said: 'Now, chlllen, we ain't got very much for Chris'mus that is, not much acchuallv—an' so we must draw on our minds for what we need. Now, just foller my lead, an' we'll have the greatest Chris'mus that ever any family ever had with only 45 cents.' "I'd bought some stick candy an' a little cheap present for each one, an' then I brought out a package of old letters my sister had writ to me from home in Virginia. 'Now, chillen,' I said, 'I want you to understand that all through this Chris'mus I'm a queen, an' poppy he's a king, an' you're all princes an' prin cesses, an' tliat' Ve're to have every thing to eat an* drink an' wear an' look at that thefciind can think of.' "They all senlf'fap' a whoop an' seem ed mightily, tickled, an' Roland, he says: 'Mommejv, you're to be Queen Mary Ann, an' poppy he's to be King Peter—no,' says he, 'poppy's to be Pe ter the Great I've just been readin about Peter the Great at school.' "Then I takes up the bundle of let ters, an' I says, 'We must first read the congratulations of the season from our friends.' The first letter I read was from Queen Victoria—that wns before the queen died, you know—to Queeu Mary Ann, callin' me her dear cousin an' honored friend an' tellln' me that she had sent me a diamond necklace worth $700,000 as a testimonial of her undyin' love an' affection. "An' then the Prince of Wales wrote to King Peter the Great, sendin' him valuable presents, includin' some ele phants an' tigers. An' then all the roy alties from all over Europe sent Chris'- 8 ,WS & "8HB HAD SENT ME A DIAMOND KEOKLAOB WORTH $700,000." Roland an' Prince Rupert an* Prince Aubrey an' the Princesses Claudia an* Lucille an' Rosalind an' Geraidine. "Then after awhile we got down to the presents an' letters from our hum ble subjects at home In America that sent their love to the lovely an' noble Queen Mary Ana, to the brave an' au gust King Peter the Great an' to all the noble, Imperial an' royal princes an' princesses. "An* then we tod the If «•*»*#/.. '•-•u "«sp* ?5^w »vj ir1,'»?' T-\ feast. ordered «»p all the royal por ters an' waiters an' butlers to set the royal table, an' the royal buglers to bugle, an' the royal servin' men to serve all the temptln' dishes an' drinks to tickle all our royal an' noble appe tites. An' we eat an' we drunk an' feasted on all of the finest things we could think about, an' none of us was sick from overeatin' afterward. That's one of the good p'lnts about feastin' in your 'magination, Miss Clare. There ain't no injurious consequences after ward to your indigestion. Oh, we had a great time! We spoke to each other nice an' polite. 'Will our royal mommer, the noble Queen Mary Ann, deign to do this or to look at that? "THEN WE HAD THE CHRIB'MDS FEAST. Will his imperious highness King Pe ter the Great grant this favor?' an' so on. "Whatever we wanted we just had— in our minds. I never bad so much fun before, an' the chillen all said that if we'd had $5 to spend it wouldn't have been better." The MI»chlevou» Emu. Down through the meadows we come to the playground of the poet Shelley, where the old mill still stands, its grinding stones propped against its sides, quietly registering the flight of time. Swans glide to and fro upon the pond or rest upon its edge. Black and white rabbits scurry across the wood ed paths. Fantailed pigeons disport upon the lawn. In the tall grass tiny fawns feign sleep, while furtively watching with half closed eye, and everywhere the mischievous emu stalks about in conscious pride of his importance in this strange land. Being a special aversion of the game keeper's, this bird takes apparent de light in annoying him in every way. Prying about until he finds a choice nest of pheasant's eggs, he dispatches the dainty morsels instantly, thereby destroying the hopes of both keeper and hen. Every effort to break him of this pcrnicious habit has been unsuc cessful. Once the keeper resolved upon a plan which he thought would with out doubt prove effectual. Having hard boiled a number of eggs, he car ried them in steaming hot water to the field and placed them before the ever ready emu. Much to his surprise, the dished seemed to appeal strongly to the voracious appetite of the bird, for in a twinkling they were gone, a seem ing look of wonder accompanying his grateful appreciation of this unusual attention.—Century Magazine. Profanity In Europe. The most ordinary conversation In Spain is rarely carried on without oaths being Interpolated, and invocations of saints and expressions which border on swearing are common even on the lips of ladles. Spanish workmen do not tin derstand an order unless it is delivered to them with a strong garnishing of profanity masters swear at their serv ants, ladles at their children, school masters at their scholars and officers at their men. It must be remembered that all over the continent profanity is more common than in England. In Germany even it is not uncommon to hear school masters swear ut the boys, a state of things unheard of and impossible here, while both in France and Italy oaths are taken as a matter of course and applied equally to man and beast At the same time it should be remembered that most continental "cuss words" are not taken so seriously as ours. London Answers. A Humorist en Marriage. Marriage, if not carried to excess, Is a wise provision and ssicred obligation. Marry your opposite as far as possible, especially as regards sex. You will nev er regret it. If possible, marry above your station. Both of you should do this it is sure to advance your race. Do not marry a foreigner unless highly recommended by those in whom you have perfect confidence or unless you want to very much indetyL Do not en couragc long engagements. It is better to get weary of each other at your lei sure after marriage than to do it be forehand. Courtship, however, is a most delightful industry and should not be raqhly broken in upon by marriage, gome people seem to be admirably fit ted for suitors, but fail in other occu pations. This is very fortunate Indeed. No suitor can be sure of a permanent situation. The supply greatly exceeds the demand, demand. -A1" fci r, Has Been Made General Organizer for Butcher Workmen. [The matter published in this col umn Is furnished by the officers of the Federation of Labor.] The local painter's union has decid ed to have a social session every other meeting night of the organization, com mencing with Friday night, December 26, on which date a banquet will be given. At this banquet invitations will be extended to a large number of the con tractors of the city to attend. An elab orate spread has been provided for, and addresses will be made by prom ising laboring men of the city. A gen eral good time is anticipated and all members are urgently requested to be present. Tu A *r 1 SLIPPERS A Sensible, I sef ul Christmas Remembrance. Ladies' felt, fur trimmed, leather soles, hana 1 turned, in colors, $1.25 and *P 1 •UU Men's Holiday Slippers, vici kid and pat- qq ent leather, $2.00, $1.50, $1.25 and The MANHATTAN G. B. CHAPMAN HOBBS GIVEN PLACE. [From Woiinesfia.v's Dally.1 Such an active campaign has been begun for the purpose of organizing the butcher workmen, that a decided interest has been shown by the employes of the pack ing plants and meat markets in the cities adjacent to Ottumwa. It will not be long before the union card will be hung in a large majority of the meat markets throughout the state. The national organization has begun to take an active interest in this state and those surrounding it, and has appointed Samuel P. Hobbs of this city, general organizer for Iowa, Wis consin and Minnesota. Mr. Hobbs will go Friday to Albia, to install a local union at that place. Besides Mr. Hobbs, the national organization con templates sending two special men in to the state for the purpose of thor oughly organizing it. They are prom ised the assistance of the miner's state organization, also the state fed eration of labor, as well as all the lo cal unions in the state to accomplish the recognition of the union. Painters and Decorators. Retail Clerks. The next meeting of the retail clerks will be held Monday evening Decem ber 29. The clerks have been putting in some energetic strokes to increase their membership and it is thought a large class will be initiated at this meeting. For those clerks who are at this time without the fold of the uni on, the officers of the clerk's union ex tend a hearty invitation to be present on this occasion. Carpenters. Lest those who do not keep in touch with affairs might forget it, the car penter's union want to call attention to the fact that they are steadily increas ing their numbers in this city, and those who stay without the fold, will be comparatively few when the robins sing in the spring. The work of Or ganizer Henry is beginning to bear fruit. BARRETT TO HAVE COMPANY. (Muscatine Journal.) It is reported that State Superin tendent of Schools R. C. Barrett will ask for a fourth term. But it is prob able there will be a good strong con test for the place whatever Mr. Bar rett may do. A. W. Stuart, of Ottum wa, has been a candidate before and will probably be again. Superintend ent J. F. Riggs, of Sigouruey, is popu lar all over the state among the teach ers and will doubtless be well in the lead among the candidates. O. J. Mc Manus, of Pottowattamie county, is a probable candidate. H. L. Adams, of Fayette county, is mentioned. Different Now. "Farmers," the Sanborn Pioneer re calls, "used to be inclined to laugh at the 'book farming' taught at the agri cultural colleges, but it seems that Iowa Agricultural college men know how to raise good stock if they are 'book farmers.'" Where Trouble Should Start. "If there is to be reapportionment, says the Dubuque Times, referring to the congressional districts, "it should begin at the northwestern end [of the state], which is growing rapidly and already lacks representation in pro portion to population." The Nickel Plate Road will afford its patrons an opportunity to take advantage of low rates for Christmas and New Year holidays, by selling tickets at a fare and a third for the round trip to all points on their line, December 24, 25, 31, 1902, and January 1, 1903. Return limit Includ ing Jan. 2, 1903. Through service to New York City, Boston, and other east ern points. Chicago passenger station, Harrison street and Fifth avenue. For further information, address John Y. Calahan, General Agent, 113 Adams street, Chicago. Leading Episcopalians of Des Moines are opposed to a change of the name of that church, which is being agitated at the various conventions of that body all over the United States. IttM 'm EXCLUSIVE TERRITORY SPLENDID PREMIUMS You Must Not Live to Eat I But You Must Eat is Live. And We Can Keep You Living:. Our stock of'groceries isffiie choicest, purest, best and ifflSsgf economical. Everything up-Jc» date. A full line of Flour aa£l Feed, Baled Hay and Straw. Pickler, Your Grocefr 630-632 East Main St. Both Phones. me new home will be a paradise assured If rf warmed by HOT WATER. A un if o^m, healthful tem perature is pro a a large saving in fuel. 1 '&*• Y3A I POCKET MONEY FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMC9 GOOD PAY in exchange for your leisure time.] HO GASH REQUIRED IN ADVANCE 1 A8 WE FURNISH COMPLETE AGENT'S OUTFIT. We will ninkoan exceedingly "j®* attmctivc proposition to those K' who mean business. Our Hg Standard Family Remedies have been on the market over 25 years nud have a national reputation. They are needed in every home and liave a ready sale. Many of our ufreutH make big money. AVrite us for details.of an offer which will surprise you. Below we mention ouly one of our betHmown specialties: DR. JAMES CLARKE'S A Life Balsam FOR COUGHS, COLDS AND ACUTE DISEASES OF THE LUNGS. Not only relieves, but 1 Write us for testimonials from former sufferers. 25 and 50 cents per battle. Extra large bottles, $1.00. Bj mail, postpaid. UNITED STATES MEDICINE COMPANY, 182-186 WEST 14TH STREET, NEW YORK. ISP .t'Uf-i E S 4E« IDEAL Bolters and AMERICAN RndlatQra M. A. THOMPSON & CO., Successors to Wise & Tliompsoa 1 I HAVE THE:.. 9 largest stock of Razors in the S city and everyone guaranteed. Prices reasonable. Call and see 9 them. I know you will find some that will suit you. Ev erything in Barbers' Supplies and Gent's Toilet Articles. ..Mail orders solicited. G. G. THOMAS, 2 .jl27 East Second Street. THE 5. King Horse Shoeing Co. has now Mr. Chas. Alirich add ed to its force of mechanics and this strengthens the forpe J. I very materially. Mr. Aldrich's ability as a blacksmith is well known and his many friends are solicited to bring their work to him. King Horse Shoeing Co., fl New Phone 328. 219 S. Jefferson »M** sstfsr PRUDENT PEOPLE W read the fresh. live, upi advertisements in the and sftve money. date, urairi,