Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume], December 08, 1903, Image 11

About Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916

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1 MONDAY, December 7, 1903.
Who are contented with a syBteiri of pro
.. motion by mere seniority are those who
are contented with (lie triumph of me-
Hlocrlty over exeelleuce.. Ou .the other
tt jSyatcjiM which uucmiruged the
tfxcr^i^^qf/a.oi'ial qr political favo'rit
lab} Ip,
promotions would bo oven worse.
^in''It would surely be easy to devise
ft.method of promotion from grade, to
grade In which the opinion of the high
or ctRcers of the service upon the can
dldateg Nhoul'l he decisive upon the
standing null promotion of the in Iter.
Just fuel) a system ,now obtains at
West Point, The quality of each year's
Wol'k determines the standing of that
year's class. I he man being dropped or
graduated into the next: clam In the
relative (Mjfiition which his military su
lmrlors ileeidii to he warranted by his
,' merit, til other words, ability, energy,
fidelity and all other similar qualities
determine ilie rank of a man year aft
er yenr in West Point and his standing
.In the wrniy when ho graduates from
West Point, but from that time on all
.effort In ,lind which mail is best or
worst, and reward or punish hiui ac
Cording!)*. is abandoned. No brilliau
ojvwo auicnnt of luird work, no cager
in. th,Merfoiutance of duty, can
anvnitco him. and no slackness or in
difference thitt fails short of a court
martial offense can retard him. Until
'tills system is changed we cannot hope
•••"'ttuvt our. olHcers will be of as li'^h
grade n» we have a right, to*expect,
considering the material upon which
.i.,Ttse4raWv. Moreover,. when a man rcu
ders aucl) service as Captain Pcrsliina
rendered! last spring In tlie Moro cam
paign* it ought to be possible to reward
.,hicp without at. once jumping hiiu to
tbe-grade ofS brigadier general.
f, The Navy.
'Shortly lifter the enunciation of that
famous principle of American'foreign
'policy now known as the Monroe doc
trine President Monroe in a special
montage to congress on .Tan. 30, 1824,
*poke as follows: "The uavy Is the arm
f|WP which' 6ur government will ai
rways derive most, aid in support of
our •'•rights. Every power eugaged
in War will know the strength of our
naval power, the number of our ships
ot,e/jcli class, their condition, and the
promptitude with which we may bring
them l^jto service, and will pay due
consideration to that argument."
1 heartily congratulate the congress
Upon th\ steady progress in building
up the Atnerican navy. We cannot
"afford lef-up In this great work. To
iheans to go back. There
should"be11fi6' cessation in addiug to the
d&tffe tffllts fit the fighting strength
drthe rfdet. Meanwhile the navy t|e
sfnd'jthe officers'or tlje linyy
1''"iifft"d61hg
Wijil their part by providing'
'TOilStkrlt Nel'vice at sea Under condl
tions akin to those of actual warfare.
Tjur officers and enlisted men are
learning to handle the battleships,
Bruisers and torpedo boats with high
efficiency in fleet and squadron forma
4 "aud the" Standard of uiarksuiaU-
Mlp is being steadily raised. The best
*w!s ashore is indispensable, but the
•iciest duty of a naval officer is to ex
»rc"Je command at sea.
The establishment of a naval base In
the Phllppines ought not to be- longer
kottponed. ttucli a base 4a desirable }n
5 fame^ofpence In time of war it'would
b* indispensable and its lack would be
S ..UtttoouSis AVithout it our fleet would be
beldteBs iOur naval experts are agreed
that Subig bay is the proper place for
that,
purpose. The national Interests re
«uiretb4fc the work of fortification and
-^velopmont of naval station at Su
big bay.-jie begun at an early date, for
Aji)£errth^ best conditions It is a work
Which iwUVcon^uiiie much time.
-It .i» eniinently desirable, however,
jQuttthere should be provided a naval
rthe
4
W«A..pt8ff. on lines similar to those
general staS lately created for
the arm®.. Within the navy depart
ment it»elf the needs of the service
ltqve brought about a system under
*rhlch the duties of a general staff are
partially performed, for the bureau of
Aavigatiq)! hajB under its direction the
War college, the office of naval intelli
gence and the board of inspection and
hps been in close touch with the gen
finl board of the nary. But though
fl^der the excellent officers at their
|tea4 these boards and bureaus do good
work they have not the authority of a
general ...Ptaff and have not sufficient
aeope tp itieure a proper readiness for
emergencies. We need the establish
me^t by law of a body of trained offl
oert who .shall exercise a systematic
control of the military affairs of the
navy and be authorized, advisers of the
iecretary concerning it.
Isthmian Canal.
By the act of June 28, 1902, the con
gT#as authorized the president to enter
into treaty with Colombia for the
building of the canal across the isth
mus of Panama, it being provided that
la the event of failure to secure such
•v treaty after, the lapse of a reasonable
•time recourse should be had to building
canal through Nicaragua. It has not
been necessary to consider this alter
native, as I am enabled to lay before
the senate a treaty providing for the
building of the canal across the isth
mus of Panama. This was the route
which commended itself to the delib
erate Judgment of the congress, and
we can now acquire by treaty the right
to construct the canal over this route.
The question now, therefore, is not by
which route the isthmian canal shall
•be built, for that question has been
definitely and Irrevocably decided.
Tli£ |uestion is simply whether or not
we-shftll.have an isthmian canal.
When, the congress directed that we
tibouJit take the Panama route undei
ti'«JMy. with, Colombia, the 'essence of
-condition, of course, referred /not
*(!.• tiie government which controlled
ttyit route, but to the route itself 'to
the territory across which the route
lay. not to the name which for the
moment the territory bore on the map.
The purpose of the law was to author
ise the president to make a treaty with
(be power iu actual control of the isth-
mui of Panama. This purpose has
been fulfilled. 'wf£V
Transit Across Islhmus of F*anamar"
in the year 1&-KJ this government en
tered into a treaty with New Granada,
the predecessor upon the isthmus of
the republic of Colombia and of the
present republic of Panama, by which
treaty it was provided that the govern
ment and eitiuens of the United States
ihould always have free and open right
of way or transit across the isthmus of
Panama by any modes of communica
tion that might be constructed, while
iu return our government guaranteed
the perfect neutrality of the above
mentioned isthmus with Ihe view that
(he free transit from the one to the
other sea might not he interrupted or
ombarrassed. The treaty vested in the
United States a substantial property
right carved out of the rights of sov
ereignty and property which New
Grauada then had and possessed over
the said territory. The uamc of New
Grauada has passed away, and its ter
ritory has been divided. Its successor,
the government of Colombia, has ceas
ed to own any property in the isthmus.
Anew republic, that of Panama, which
was at one time a sovereign state and
st another time a mere department of
the successive confederations known as
New Granada and Colombia, lias now
succeeded to the rights which first one
and then the other formerly exercised
over the isthmus. Rut as long as the
isthmus endures the mere geographical
fact, of its existence and the peculiar
interest therein which Is required by
our position perpetuate tlie solemn con
tract which binds the holders of the
territory, to respect our tight to freedom
of transit across it and binds us in re
turn to safeguard for the isthmus and
the world the exercise of that ines
timable privilege. The true interpreta
tion of the obligations upon which the
United States entered in this treaty of
1846 has beeii given repeatedly in the
utterances of presidents and secretaries
of state. Secretary Cass in 1S58 offi
cially stated the position of this gov
ernment as follows:
"The progress of events has rendered
the interoceanic route across the nar
row portion of Central America vastly
Important to the commercial world, and
especially to the United States, whose
possessions extend along the Atlantic
and Pacific coasts and demand the,
speediest and easiest modes of commu
nication. While the rights of sovereign
ty of the states occupying this region
Bhould always be respected, we .shall,
expect that these'rights be exercised
In a spirit befitting the occasion '^nd
the wants and circumstances that have
arisen. Sovereignty has its duties^ as
well as its tights, and none of the.4e. lo
cal governments, even if administered
with more regard to the just demands
of other nations than they have been,
would be permitted, in a spirit of east
ern isolation, to close the gates of in
tercourse on the great highways of the
world and justify the act by the pre
tension that these avenues of ti ade and
travel belong to them and that they
choose to shut them or, what is almost
equivalent, to incumber them with such
unjust relations as.would prevent their
general use.", •,
Seven years Jater, in 1S05, Mr. Sewai
in different communications took, tho_
following position:
"The United States, have taken and
will take no interest in any question of
internal revolution in the state of Pana
ma or any state of the United States,
of Colombia, but will maintain a per
fect neutrality in connection with such
domestic altercations. The United
States will nevertheless hold them
selves ready to protect the transit trade
across the isthmus against invasion of
either domestic or foreign disturbers of
the peace of the state of Panama.
Neither the text nor the spirit of
the stipulation in that article by which
the United States engages to preserve
the neutrality of the isthmus of Pana
ma imposes an obligation on this gov
ernment to comply with the requisition
[of the president of the United States
of Colombia for a force to protect the
isthmus of Panama from a body of in
surgents of that country]. The pur
pose of the stipulation was to guaran
tee the Isthmus against seizure or in
vasion by a foreign power only."
Attorney General Speed, under date
of Nov. 7, 180D, advised Secretory
Seward as follows:
"From this treaty it cannot be sup
posed that New Grauada invited the
United States to become a party to the
Intestine troubles of that government,
nor did the United States become
bound to take sides in the domestic
broils of New Granada. The United
States did guarantee New Granada in
the sovereignty and property over the
territory. This was as against other
and foreign governments."
For 400 years, ever since shortly aft
er the discovery of this hemisphere,
the canal across the Isthmus has been
planned. For twoscore years it has
been worked at. When made it Is
to last for the ages. It is to alter the
geography of a continent and the trade
routes of the world. We have shown
by every treaty we have negotiated or
attempted to negotiate with the peo
ples in control of the isthmus and with
foreign nations in reference thereto
our consistent good faith in observing
our obligations, on the one hand to the
peoples of the isthmus anfc on the oth
er hand to the civilized world, whose
commercial rights we are safeguarding
and guaranteeing by our action. We
have done our duty to others, in letter
and in spirit, and we have shown the
utmost forbearance in exacting our
own rights.
Repudiation of Treaty by Colombia.
Last spring urider the act above re
ferred to a treaty Concluded between
the representatives of the republic of
Colombia and of our government was
ratified by the senate. This treaty was
entered into at the urgent solicitation
of the people of Colombia and after a
body of experts appointed by our gov-
eremeut especially to go Into the mat
ter of the routes across the Isthmus
h.ul pronounced unanimously In favor
of the Panama route. In drawing up
this treaty every concession was made
to the people and to the government of
Colombia. We were more thau just in
dealing with them. Our generosity
was such as to make it a serious ques
tion whether we had not gone too far
in their interest at the expense of our
own, for In our scrupulous desire to
pay all possible heed not merely to the
real but even to the faucled rights of
our weaker neighbor, who already
owed so much to our protection and
forbearance, we yielded in all possible
ways te her desires In drawing up the
treaty. Nevertheless the government
of Colombia not merely repudiated the
treaty, but repudiated it in such man
ner as to make it evident by the time
the Colombian congress adjourned that
not the scantiest hope remained of ever
getting a' satisfactory treaty from
them. The government of Colombia
made the treaty, and yet when the Co
lombian congress was called to ratify
tt the vote^ against ratification was
unanimous. It does not appear that
the government made any real effort to
secure ratification.
Revolution In Panama.
Immediately after the adjournment
of the congress a revolution broke out
In Panama. The people of Panama
had long been discontented with the
republic of Colombia, and they had
beep kept quiet only by the, prospect
of the conclusion of the treaty, which
was to them a matter of vital coneern.
When It became evident that the treaty
was hopelessly lost the people of Pan
am* rose literally as one man. Not a
shot was fired by a single, man on the
isthmus in the interest of the Colom
bian government. Not a life was lost
in the accomplishment of the revolu
tion. The Colombian troops stationed
on the isthmus, who had long been un
paid, made common cause with the
people of Panama, and with astonish
ing unanimity the new republic was
started. The duty of the United States
in the premises was clear. In strict
accordance with the principles laid
down by Secretaries Cass and Seward
in the official documents, above quoted
the United States [gave: motice that it
would permit the landing of no expedi
tionary force, the arrival of which
would mean: chaos and' destruction
along the line of the railsoad'and of the
_j
transit, as an» inevitable consequence.
Xhe de-facto government of Panama
was recognized. in the -foilbwing tele
grimlto Mr. Ehrnlan?
"The people af Phii&ma! H$ve, hy ap
parently unanimous' movement,' dis
solved their political connection with
the republic of Colombia and resumed
their independence. When you are sat
isfied that a de facto government, re
publican in form and without substan
tial opposition from its own people,
has been established in the state of
Panama
icon established in the state of
itaa/thA^UI
ent?\lnt0
f)«e^B0Jernment
relation8
pioperty of catizeus of the United States
0fi 00101151,111
•telegram to Mr. Beauprei
xioUfied of wr action by the following ^inent Colombian] has the perfect
an apparently un'auiihoiis movement the. isthmus or send reoresentatlve
in form, with which the government of standpoints. Its orfec of immediatelv
the United States of America has en- I guaranteeing the treaty to us ia in
tered into relations, the president of sharp contrast with ithe nosltlve and
the United States, in accordance with contemptuous refusal of the congress
the ties of friendship which have so which haa Jast closed Its sessions to
long and so happily existed between consider favorably such a treaty. It
the respective nations, most earnestly shows that the government which made
commends to the governments of Co- the treaty really ha* absolute control
lombla and of Panama the peaceful over the situation, but did not choose
and equitable settlement of all ques- to exercise this control. The ,ii«nu^h
and equitable settlement of all ques- to exercise this control. The dispatch
tions at issue between them. He holds further calls on us to restore order and
that he Is bound not merely by treaty secure Colombian supremacy In the
obligations, but by the interests of civi-1 isfemus from which the Colombian
liafltfrm tn o^a a..i ..
lization, to see that the peaceful traffic
of the world across the Isthmus of
Panama shall not longer be disturbed
by a constant succession of unneces
sary and wasteful wars."
Disturbances on Isthmus 8lnee 1846.
When these events happened, fifty
seven years had elapsad since the Unit
ed States had entered into its treaty
with New Granada. IDirtng that time
the governments of New Granada and
of its successor, Colombia, have been
in a constant state of flux. The follow
ing is a partial list of the disturbances
on the isthmus of Panama during the
period in question as reported to us by
our consuls. It is not possible to give
a complete list, and some of the reports
that speak of "revolutions" must mean
unsuccessful revolutions.
May 22, 18SO.-rOuttreak two Americans
killed. War vessel demanded to Quell out
break.
October, 1850.—Revolutionary plot to
bring about Independence of the IsAimus.
July 22, 1851.—Revolution in four south
ern provinces.
Nov. 14, 1S51.—Outbreak at Chagres.
Uan-of-war requested for Chagres.
June 27,18S3.—Insurrection at Bogota and
consequent disturbance on isthmus. War
vessel demanded.
May 23,1854.—Political disturbances war
vessel requested.
June 28, 1854.—Attempted revolution.
Oct. 24, 1854.—Independence of isthmus
dsananded by provincial legislature.
April, 1855.—Riot and massacre of Amer
icans.
May 4, 1856—Riot.
May 18, 1156.—Riot.
June S, 1866.—Riot.
Oct. 2. 1866.—Conflict between two na
tive parties. United States forces landed.
Dec. 18, 1868.—Attempted secession of
Panama.
April, 1869.—Riots.
September. 1SG0.—Outbreak?
Oct. 4. 1660.—Landing or United States
forces ln consequence.
May 28, 1861.—Intervention of the United
States forces required by tntendente:
Oct. 2, 1861.—Insurrection and civil war.
April 4, 1862.—Measures to prevent rebels
trossing isthmus.
y*
1
wfcmm MOtfMS
iJJ£ OTTU-MWA rjQ-J 1,'IER
-.
•Tuno IS, 1162.—.Mo»(iupra'» troops refused
admittance to Panimt.
Mnrctl, ISM.—Revolution find United
State* trOopi lanSal
August, IStB.—Rlota: unsuccessful at
tuinpt to kivat)* Panama.
March. n6&—Unsuccessful revolution.
April. IStiT.—Attempt to overthrow gov
ernment.
August, 1K7.-Attempt at revolution.
Julys, ItSS.—Revolution provisional gov
trnniant inaugurated.
Aug. 29, 1866.—Revolution provisional
government overthrown.
April, 1171.—Revolution: followed appar
ently by counter revolution.
April. 1373.—Revolution and civil war
which lasted to October, 187p.
August, im.—Civil war which lasted un
til April, 1877.
July, 1
$7$.—Rebellion.
December. 1878.—
Revolt
April, 1879.-Revolution.
June. lSiP.—Revolution.
March, luSJ.—Rlpt.
May. 1883.—Riot,
June. 18S4.—Revolutionary attempt.
December, 1884.—Revolutionary attsmrt.
1886.—Revolutionary difcturt)-
January,
ances.
March, 1585.—Revolution.
April. 1887.—Disturbance on Panama
railroad.
November, 188','.—Disturbance on line of
canal.
January. 1889.—Riot.
January, 18K—Revolution whleh lasted
until April.
March. 1890.—Incendiary attempt.
October, 1899.—Revolution.
February,
1900.
to July.
iu
proposed canal and ton interruption of 4hb' Colombian government asked that'
tP&USlt, Aft Mill InAvUflkla- niYHOAAiiaM/u J-1_j_ I
tWe
,JUntted
1900.—Revolution.
January. 1901.—Revolution.
July, 1901.—Revolutionary disturbances.
September. 190l.-City of Colon taken by
rebels.
March, 1902.—Revolutionary disturbances.
July, 1902.—Revolution.
The above is only a partial list of the
revolutions, rebellions, insurrections,
riots and other outbreaks that have oc
curred during the .'period in question,
yet they number fl^ty-three for the
fifty-seven years. It will be noted that
one of them lasted for nearly three
years before it wqjr quelled another
for nearly a year. In short, the ex
perience of over hjulf a century has
shown Colombia to bjs utterly Incapa
ble of keeping order on the isthmus.
Only the active Interference of the
United States has enabled her to pre
serve so much as a Semblance of sover
eignty. Had it not been for the exer
cise by the United States of the police
power iii her interest her connection
with the isthmus woljld have been sun
dered long ago. Iu 185G, in 1860, In
1S73, in 1885, in 19011 tjind again in 1002
sailors and marines from United States
warships were forced to land in order
to patrol the isthmus, to protect life
th,lU,f tl'Sn-
Perhaps the most extraordinary re
quest Is that which has just been re
ceived and which runs as follows:
"Knowing that revolution has al
ready commeuced inJRanama [an emi
'Vas ,the responsible government ernment will declare martial law «nri
of the territory and look to it for all by °lr"ue of vesti crsmuaonll au
ue act.on to protect the persons and thority, when public order is disturbed
property-of citizens of the United States ^2^.
nnm.o
and-to keep open ithe isthmian transit the icanai treaty assigned or if the
in .(accordance with the obligations of covernmeut of. the rmirerf
in, -accordance with the obligations of government of- the "nlZ
~~.7I.~~7, v«"..*.«uous rera wilt call extra session of the con
ol the umted States to that territory." gress-.witb new and friendly members
wa.i -uejct Mny to approve the treaty [An *uar(led
W nMe»je.
The people of Panatoa having by and JC it beeama neamsary will go to
dissolved their political' connection with there to adjust matters alomr above S08ta
the republic of CtJldmbid 'ftnd resumed lines to the satisfaction of the neoule
«f vice iresSent heP ^ays!
government has just iby its action de
cided to bar us by preventing the con
struction of the canal.
Its niivllA»Aa L_ 1.1
The above recital of facts estuhiishes
beyond question, flrsl, that the uited
'It
I:
Slates litis for over half ciit:!iiry pa
tiently iintl iti good faith c.Mi'iU'd o::t
Its obligations under the treaty of 1M0
second, that when for the first time it
became possible for Colombia to do
anything in requital of the services
thus repeatedly rendered to it for lifly
tic veil years by the Tiilled SMtes the
Colombian government peremptorily
and offensively refused thus to do it*
part, even though to do so would have
been to Its advantage and immeasura
bly to the advantage of the state of
Panama, at that lime under Its juris
diction: third, that throughout (his pe
riod revolutions, rlols and factional dis
turbances of every kiud have occurred
one after the other In almost uninter
rupted succession, some of them last
ing for mouths and even for years,
while the central government was tin
able to put them down or to make
peace with the rebels fourth, that
these disturbances Instead of showing
any sign of abating have tended to
grow more numerous and more serious
in the immediate past fifth, that the
control of Colombia over the isthmus
of Panama could not be maintained
Without the armed Intervention and
assistance of the United States. In
other words, the government of Colom
bia. though wholly uuahle to maiutain
order ou the isthmus, has nevertheless
declined to ratify a treaty the conclu
sion of which opened the only chance
to secure Its own stability and to guar
antee permanent peace on and the con
struction of a canal across the Isthmus.
Under such circumstances the gov
ernment of the United States would
have been guilty of folly and weakness
amounting In their sum to a crime
against the nation bad it acted other
wise than It did when the revolution of
.Nov. 3 last took place In Pauama. This
great enterprise of building the inter
oceanic canal cannot be held up to grat
ify the whims, or out of respeot to the
governmental impotence or to the even
more sinister and evil political pecul
iarities, of people who, though they
dwellvafar off, yet against the wish of
the acikal dwellers on the isthmus as
sert an unreal supremacy over the ter
ritory. The possession of a territory
fraught with such peculiar capacities
as the isthmus In question cvries with
it obligations to mankind. Ute course
of evemts has shown that tlis canal
I cannot be built by private enterprise
ior
b'
in fP, °?*n- therefore it mast.be built by the Unit
in 1qo
1v fn 1862, in 1885 and to 1900 4 States.
thfe' Oolhrnhinn oab»A#f
\uv uoiQmoian government asked tliat
•AO***, iu i9o*t in loou QuQ id liRxr
1
States government would
other nation than our own
Tre,t 1 wlth
land1 trioops to protect'its Interests and E*ery effort bus been made by the
Maintain order on ttfe Isthmtis. government of the United States to
Latest Proposition of Colombia.
reaay commenced in Panama [an emi i, ,7 rema
nent Colombian] says that if thelfcov- if8
eminent, of the United, States will iTnd ?0S °rC0f for
troops to ureserve Colombian snv«»r
eignty and the tran8lt lf reQUeBtwl bv
Colombian charge d'affaire# tfais gor-
Lilfn ST
New Republic of Panama.
persuade Colombia to follow a course
Which was essentially not only to our
Interests and to the Interests of the
world, but to the interests of Colombia
Itself. These efforts have failed, and
a^vanc®B
tllot
Uonor au1 of the
.peopIe
of
lnd the
,teps
By our lntereat8
by the
1
tbeir independehde"dntl iiavihg adopted there." W®- Panama has done her part. All
a government of their own, republican I This dispatch is noteworthy from two
m*
a*
gr'nt
tll"t
ln tLe
publie of
Importance of Undlsturbad Transit.
The control, in th# Interest of the
commerce and traffic of the whole civi
lised world, of the means of undisturb- v«u«, *vu«. uui m
ed transit across the Isthmus of P*u- United States assumes their sanitation
ama haa become of transcendent im and. In case of ueed, the maintenance
portance to the United States. We of order therein. The United States en
have repeatedly exercised this control Joys within the granted limits all the
by intervening in the course of domes- rights, power and authority which It
tic dissension aud by protecting the would possess were It the sovereign of
territory from foreign invasion. In the territory to the exclusion of the ex
1853 Mr. Everett assured the Peruvian ercise of sovereign rights by the *e
minister that we should not hesitate public. All railway and canal property
to maintain the neutrality of the isth- I rights belonging to Panama and need
mus ln the case of xyar between Peru ed for the canal to pass to the United
and Colombia. In 1804 Colombia, which States, including any property of the
has alwaya been vlglian^to avail Itself respective companies in the cities of
A
1
of its privileges conferred by the treaty,
expressed Its expectation that in the
event of war between Peru aud Spain
the United States would carry into ef
fect the guarantee of neutrality. There
have been few administrations of the
state department in which this treaty
has not, either by the one side or tbe
other, been used as a basis of more or
less importaut demands. It was said
by Mr. Fish in 1S71 that the depart
ment of state bad reason to believe
that an attack upon Colombian sov
ereignty qn the isthmus had ou several
occasions been averted by warning
from this government. In 1886, when
Colombia was under the meuaee of hos
tilities from Italy in tbe Cerruti case,
Mr. Bayard expressed the serious con
cern that the United States could not
but feel that a European power should
resort to force %galnst a sister repub
lic of this hemisphere, as to the sov
ereign and uninterrupted use of a part
of whose territory we are guarantors
under the solemn faith of a treaty.
riMELartNUNM
ljuve
I
1 1
1
Colombia, by her persistence in repuls-
bave been made,
the 8ake of our own
Interest and well be-
*0* not merely of our own people, but
of
the isthmua of Panama
Pe°P|e
of
1 of the
the civilized coun-
™ld- **e decisive
bring to an end a condition of
... affairs which bad become intolerable.
wWeh
had be
uew
rePu
"ately
intolerable,
bHcpf Panama imme-
offered to negotiate a treaty
dlately offered to negotiate a treaty
I herewith sub
us-..Xbis.^aty
Th's
mit'
trpaty I herewith sub-
better safe-
than in
the treaty with Co
ombla whlch was ratJfled
1U
by
is
gres!
repnl,lle
,a
Ben
'"8t better in
W8 than the
treaties offered to us
reP«blics
of Nicaragua aud
Rica'
At laBt the
rl*ht
t0
be«ln
undertaking Is made availa-
''emftins
'or the American con-
t0 do
U"
part
*"d forthwith this
wl"
1 of
enter upon the execution
project coloMa! tn its
W*
g°-d
°f
independence of the re-
Panama.
SAn'
slie and of
nlgb intalculable
possibilities for
UllS
cou,ltr'
and
the na-
tions of mankind.
By the provisions of the treaty the
United States guarantees and will
malhtaln the Independence of the re-
There are granted
to the United States in perpetuity the
use, occupation and contvol of a strip
ten miles wide and extending three
natatical miles into the sea at either
terminal, with all lands lying outside
of the aone necessary for the construc
tlon of the canal or for its auxiliary
worjis and with the Islands ln the bay
of Panama.
The cities of Panama and Colon are
not embraced in the canal cone, but the
Panama and Colon: the works, proper
ty and personnel of the canal and rail
ways are exempted from taxation as
well in tbe cities of Panama and Colon
as in the canal zone and its depend
encies. Free immigration of the per
sonnel and importation of supplies for
the construction and operation of the
canal are granted. Provision Is made
for the use of military force aud the
building of fortlfleatlons by the United
States for the protection of the trauslt.
In other details, particularly as to the
acquisition of the interests of the New
Panama Canal company and the Paua
ma railway by the United States and
the condemnation of private property
for the uses of the canal, the stipula
tions of the Hay-Herran tueaty are
closely followed, wMilc the compensa
tion to be given for these enlarged
grants remains the same, being $10.
OOO.QtO payable on exchange of rutilica
tlous, and, beginning nine years from
that date, an annual payment of $250,
000 during the life of the convention.
THEODOItE ROOSETELT.
White House. Dew. 7, 1903.
.a jr-rtJUlai,
-.42.1'...-
I
LAST ROSE OF
Tns leaves o'er the bed v'
Where thy mates of the garden
Lie scentless and deal.
ii
In the God of battles trust!
Die we may—and die we must:
But, O where can dust to dust
Be consigned so well,
As where Heaven Its dews shall shed
On the martyred patriot's bed,
And the rocks shall raise their head.
Of bis deeds to tell!
OME tell us 'tis a burnin* shame
To make the naygers fight
that the thrade of bein' kilt
Bel«ngs but to the white:
But as for me, upon my soul!
So liberal are we here,
I'll let Sambo be murdered instead of
myself.
On every day In the year.
On every day In the year, boys,"
And in every hour of the day
The right to be kilt I'll divide with
him.
An' dlvll a word I'll say.
IS
ji*!1 w. „i -l 1
AN OLD FAVORITE
By Thomas Moore
THOMAS MOORK, "the sweet singer of Ireland," was
horn at Dublin May 28. 1770, and died in England Fob.
25, 1S52. Moore received liberal education aiul traveled
in America In IMia and 18(14. Ills poem*, particularly
"Lalla Rookh." were very successful and netted him a
competency. Besides them, he wroto a life of Byron
(with whom he was indmate). a history of Ireland and
other workR. He Is now the most popular of Irish poets.
IS the last rose of Summer:
Left blooming alone
All her lovely companions
Are faded and gone
No flower of her kindred,
No rosebud 1s nigh,
To reflect back her blushes^
Or give sigh for sigh.
To plnl on the stem:
Since the lovely are sleeping,
Oo, sleep thou with them. ,,
Thus kimijy 1 scatter J-
The gems drop away!
When true hearts lie withered.
And fond ones ate flown,
Oh! who would inhabit
This blealc world alone?
AN OLD FAVORITE
-V
WARREN'S ADDRESS
By John PSerpont
TAND: the ground's your nwn, my bravest
Will ye give it up to slaves?
Will ye look for greener gracesZ
Hope ye mercy still?*
What's the mercy desptftp feel]
Hear it in that battle-peal!
Read it on yon brlstlftur steel!.
Ask it—ye jyho ®ill.
'T:,iV r.
Fear ye foes who kill fpr hire?
Will ye to your homes retire?
Look behind you! they're afire!','
And, before you, see
Who have done it!—From the vale
On they come!—and will ye quail?—
Leaden rain and iron hail
Let their welcome be!
AN OLD FAVORITE I
SAMBO'S RIGHT KILT
By Charles G. Halpine
(.Private Miles O'Reilly)
CHARLES GRAHAM HALPINE ("Private Miles
O'Reilly") was a native of Ireland who did valiant
service for America, the country of his adoption. He
was graduated from Trinity oolFegt, Dublin, ana-.
became a Journalist. In 1852 Halpine came to Amer
ica and worked for Boston arid New York papers.
He served in the civil war, rising to the rank of
brevet brigadier general of volunteers. The po6m
given below was written ln answer to the protest,
against enlisting negroes in the Union army. Halpine
died in 1868 at the age of thirty-nine.
1:'
In battle's wild commotion
I shouldn't at all object
If Sambo's body should stop a hall
Th«t was comtn' f* me direct
And the prod of a Southern kagnet,
So glnerous are wo here,
I'll resigi^, and let Sambo take it,
On every day in the year.
^AN OLD VORITE
there for honest poverty
That hangs Ills head, and- a'
that'.'
The coward slave, we pass him by.
We dare be poor for a' that!
For a' that, and a' that.
Our tsils obscure, and a' that:
The rank is but the guinea's stamp,
The man's the gawd for a' that.
What though on hamely fare we dine.
Wear hoddin gray, and a' tli.-.t?
Gi'e fools their silks, and knaves their
wine.
A man's a man for a' that:
For a' that, and a' that.
Their tinsel show, anrl a' that—
The honest man, though e'er sae poor.
Is king o- men for a' that.
Y'» see ynn birkie. ca'd a lord,
Wlta struts, and stares, and a' that:
Though hundreds worship at his word,
li*'8 but a coof for a' that:
0»
SUMMER
I
J0
So soon may 1 follow.
When friendships docay,
And from Love's sfelrttig clrct4
1*
*1
i!
til li
II
The men who object to Saipbp
Should take his place and light
And it's betther to have a nayger's
hue
Than a liver that's wake an*, white.
Though Sambo's black as the ace of
spades,
His linger a tlirigger can pull.
And hts eye runs sthralght on the
barrel-sights
From undher its thatc^ of wool.
So hear me all, boys darlin',
Don't think I'm tippin' you chaff,
The right to be kilt we'll divide wld
him.
And give him the largest half!. ..-
^mwmvTmmTmmTTjffmmmTTTTTTTTy?mfT
A MAN'S A MAN FOR A* THAT
By Rpbert Burns
SCOTLAND'S m^st fatnouu poet, Robert Burns, was
born at Allowa/ Jan. 1759, and died at Dumfries
July 21, 1796. He was tke sou of a peasant and re
ceived but a meager education. His private life haa
been severely criticised, but his verses have won im
mortal fame. In the following poem "a'" means all,
"birkie" is Scotch for spirited fellow, "coof" means
fool, and "gree" is rank or position.
For a' that, and a' that.
His riband, star, and a' that—
The man of independent mind,
lie looks and laughs at a' that,
A prince can mak' a belted knlsrht,
A marquis. duUe and :i' that,
Hut an honest nun's aboon his mlftlit
(Juld faith, he manna fa' th it!
For a' that, and a' that.
Their dijtnities. anil a' that.
The pith o' sense and pride o' worth
Are. higher ranks than a' that.
Then let us pray that come it mr.y^
As come it will for a' tiiat—
That sense and worth, o'er a' the
earth.
5{ay bi-ur rhe (tree. inl a' that
For s" that, and a' liuit.
tt':i foialii' wl. for a".that.—
That nun to man. the ivarli! o'er.
ha he I or at
••»TTTTTTTTYT1'VTYTTYTTTT»»TTTT..'t.7w''*TTVVVTVTTY*rVT7VYa'•^^*•',
1 '1
-V
i:rj
-$
On every day in the year, boys, I-**
And wid none o' your nasty prlflo,'
All my right in a Southern bagnet
prod
Wid Sambo I'll divide! ,yi
iSl'
it