Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume], December 08, 1903, Image 9

About Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916

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Co the Stinate laid House of Kepreseut
.jivtives:,
The country is to be congratulated
onvtlie a'lflijuut oC substantial achieve
meut yrhicli lias marked the past year
both as regards our foreign and as re
gards our domestic policy..
With a nation, as with a man, the
most important things are those of the
household, and therefore t[ie country
is especially' to be congratulated tm
what lias b^eti accomplished in the tli
reetion of providing for the exercise of
supervision over the great corporations
and eonrljHiivfions of corpora tious
gaged iii' interstate commerce., Tin:
•.•ongress has created the department
of commerce and labor, including the
bureau of corporations, with for the
first time1'authority to secure proper
publicity of suc.ii proceedings of these
great corporations as the public has the
right to know. It has provided for the
expediting of suits for the enforcement
of the federal antitrust law, and by
another law it has secured eiiunl treat
ment to all producers in the transporta
tion of their goods, thus taking a long
stride forward in making effective the
work of the interstate commerce coin
mission.
Department of Commerce and Labor.
The establishment of the department
ot commerce and labor, with the bu
reau of corporations thereunder, marks
a real advance In the direction of doing
all that is possible for the solution of
the questions vitally affecting capital
ists and wageworkers. The act creat
ing the department was approved on
Feb. 14. 18*03. and two days later the
head of the department was nominated
and confirmed by the senate. Since
then the work of organizationjias been
pushed as' rapidly as the initial appro
priations permitted and with due
"re
gard to thoroughness and the broad
purposes which the department is de
signed to serve. After the transfer of
the various bureaus and branches to
the department at the beginning of the
current fiscal year, as provided for in
the act. the personnel comprised 1,289
•employees in Washington and 8.836 in
the country at large. The scope of the
department's duty and. authority em
braces the commercial and industrial
interests of the nation. It is'not de
signed to restrict or control the fullest
liberty of legitimate business action,
fet to secure exact and authentic infor
'ion which will aid the executive in
iVrcing existing laws anil which will
le the congress to enact additional
ition. if any should be found nec
iu order to prevent the few from
f*jiviAlshedprivileges
pent
.. fing at the expense of
opportunities for the many.
'"ie
preliminary work of the bureau
corporations in the department lias
/iown the wisdom of its creation. Pub
licity in corporate affairs will tend to
do away with ignorance and will afford
facts.upon which intelligent action may
be taken. Systematic, Intelligent inves
tigation is already developing facts the
.knowledge of which Is essential toj-n
right understanding of the needs afnl
duties of the busiuess world. "The cor
poration which is honestly and fairly
organized, whose managers in the emi
iluct of its business rpc^gniKe their ob
ligation 10 deal eqqtjrely wl tUeii
mocklioidere. their, and The
public, bus nothing ro fear froin such
President Roosevelt
•SW/-
The Prasfaent'ccmgratiilates tlie na
tion upon the control secured over cor
porations through the department of
commerce and la tor and its bureau of
corporations, the enforcement of the
Federal anti-trust law. and the ad
vance in the work of he interstate
commerce bureau. The message then
reviews at length the establishment
ol' the department of commerce and
labor, and details its work and benefits
to be derived from it
Capital and Labor.
The message states specifically that
it shall be the aim and object, of the
Federal government to treat, corpora
tions, unions and individuals, all alike
and all fairly, to allow 110 infraction of
any of the nation's laws by oi'her, no
matter how strong cr in how high a
position. This is summed up in tho fol
lowing: "No man is above the law,
and.nb man is below it: nor do we ask
any man's permission when we require
him to obey it. Obedience to the law
is demanded as a righ't not asked as a
favor."
Receipts and Expenditures.
From all sources except the postal
department the government receipts.
W
MM*
Reviews the
-v
during the last fiscal year were $!tiO,
V?. 3915.074. The expenditures for the
same period amounted to $50(5,009,007.
leaving a surplus of $54,297,(567. The
President points out the fact that the
receipts from customs are ferowlng
smaller and that this year there will
be little or no surplus. He advises
strict c&re over appropriations and ex
penditures and a sharp scanning of
any change that will reduce the na
tion's revenue from customs..
Currency System is Right.
The President thinks that any
change in the monetary system would
be unwise and needless. He states
that the integrity of the currency is
beyond question and calls attention to
some suggestions in his message of
a year ago with regard to certain
needs of the financial situation.
For Merchant Marine.
The message recommends the ap
pointment of a commission to inves
tigate and report upon the needs of
the country in the way of merchant
marine and adequate oceanic postal
service.
Immigration.
"NVe, cannot have too much immigra­
supervision. The purpose of this bu
reau is not to emTinrrnss or assail legiti
mate business, but to aid In bringing
about a U-Uer iiiiliwtrial cfUirfltio'h, a
condition under which there shall be
obedience to law and recognition of
public obiisation by all corporations,
great or small.
Functions of New Department.
The department of commeroc .and la-,
bor will be not only the clearing- house
for information regarding the business
transactions of the' nation, but the ex
ecutive arm of the government to aid
in strengthening our domestic and for
eign markets, in perfecting our trans
portation facilities,' in building up our
merchant marine, in preventing the en
trance of undesirable immigrants, in
improving commercial aiid industrial
conditions and in bringing together oil
common ground those necessary part
ners in industrial progress, capital and
labor. Commerce between the nations
is steadily growing in volume, and the
tendency of the limes is toward closer
trade relations. Constant watchfulness
is needed to secure to Americans the
eliance to participate to the best advan
tage iu foreign trade, and we may con
fidently expect that the new depart
ment will justify the expectation of its
creators by the exercise of tbis watch
fulness as well as by the businesslike
administration of such laws relating to
jour internal affairs as arc iutrnsted,'to
''-scare.
In enacting the laws above euumerat-
1
the congress proceeded on sane and
conservative iir.es. Nothing revolu
tionary was attempted. But a common
sense and successful effort was made
in the direction of seeing that corpora
tions ai-e so handled as to subserve the
public good. The legislation was mod
erate. It was characterized through
out by the idea that we were not at
tacking corporations, but endeavoring
to provide for doing away with any
evil iu them that we drew the line
aga-f.nst misconduct, not against i*iealth.
gladly recognizing the great goAl done
by the capitalist who alone or in con
junction wit*i his fellows does his work
along proper and legitimate lines. The
purpose of the legislation, whieli pur
pose will undoubtedly be fulfilled, was
to favor such a man when lie does
well and to supervise his action only
to prevent him from doing ill. Pub
licity can do no harm to the honest
corporation. The only corporation that
bqs cause to dread it is the corporation
which shrinks from the light, aud
about the welfare of such corporations
we need not be oversensitive. The
work of the department of commerce
and labor has been conditioned upon
this theory, of securing fair treatment
alike for labor and for capital.
Capital and Labor.
The consistent policy of the national
government, so far lis it has the power,
is to hold in check the unscrupulous
man, whether employer or employee,
but to refuse to weaken individual
initiative or
un.haniper
or cramp the
iudustriui development of the country.
We recognize that this is an era of
federation and combination, in which
great capitalistic corporations and'la
bor unions have become factors of tre
mendous impoi'taniie in all industrial
centers. Heuny recognition is given
the far reaching, benelieent work
in
VOLUME 55 OTTUMWA, WAPELLO COUNTY, IOWA, TUESDAY, DEOEMJiEli 8, 190.Tr.
nt
in His Message
.'frr- •..
International Disputes.
Much space is devoted to a discus
sion of the Alaskan boundary decision,
the matter of the claims against Ven
ezuela, and draws conclusions to the
effect that the sentiment among I lie
civilized nations of the world is turn
ing more and mora to favor interna
tional arbitration. He renews the
recommendation made by tl\e late
President McKialt'v in 1808. that, pri
vate property at sea be regard! rs
exempt from capture by bslligeient
powers.
Foreign Relations.
A short review of this nation's reia-
which has been accomplished through
both corporations and unions, and the
line as between different corporations,
as between different unfons, is drawn
as it is between different individuals—
that is, it is drawn on conduct—the ef
fort being to treat both organized capi
tal and organized labor alike, asking
nothing save that the interest of each
shall be.brought.iutO lutruioi^y with the
lnttresf of the general public, and tli it
thi'conduct of each sliali ^conform to
the fundamental rules of oliedieiice
law, of .Individual freedom and of JuS
tice and fair dealing t,o\yinl all.
Whenever either corporaitioii, labor
union or individual disregards the law
or acts in a. spirit of' arbitrary aiid:
tyrannous.interference,with the rights
of others, whether colorations or indi
viduals. then where the federal gov
ernment has jurisdil'tiby 'it will see to
it that the miscondtifct is stopped, pay
ing not the slightest heed to the posi
tion or power of the corporation, the
union or the individual, but ouly to one
vital fact—that is, the question wheth
er or not the conduct of the individual
or aggregate of individuals is iu ac
cordance with the law of the laud. Ev
ery man must be guaranteed his liber
ty and liis right to do as he likes with
his property or his labor so long as he
does not infringe the rights of others.
No man is above the law, and no mau
is below it, nor do we ask any man's
permission when we require him to
obey it. Obedience to the law is de
manded as a right, not asked as a favor.
We have cause as a nation to be
thankful for the steps that have been
so successfully taken to put these prin
ciples into effect. The progress has
been by evolution, not by revolution.
Nothing radical has been done the ac
tion has been both moderate and reso
lute therefore the work will stand.
There shall be no backward step. If
in the working of the laws it proves
desirable that they shall at any point
be expanded or amplified, the amend
ment can be made as its desirability is
shown. Meanwhile they are being ad
ministered with judgment, but with
Insistence upon obedience to them, and
their need has been emphasized in sig
nal fashion by the events of the past
year.
Government Receipts and Expenditures
From all sources, exclusive of the
postal service, the receipts of the gov
ernment for the last fiscal year aggre
gated $500,390,(574. The expenditures
for the same period were $500,1)99.007,
the surplus for the fiscal year being
$54,297,007. Tlie indications ore that
the surplus for the present fiscal year
will bo very small, if Indeed there be
any surplus. From July to November
the receipts from customs were approx
imately $9,000,000 less than the receipts
from the same source for a correspond
ing portion of last year. Should this
decrease continue at the same ratio
throughout the fiscal year the surplus
would be reduced by approximately
$30,000,000. Should the revenue l'roui
customs suffer much further decrer.se
during the tlscal year the surplus would
vanish. A large surplus is certainly
undesirable. Two years ago the war
taxes were taken off with the express
intention of eqfttilizlne the government
al receipts and expenditures, and,
though the first year thereafter still
'J
I
Fair
A Brief Review of the Message for Busy Readers of the Courier.
tion of the right klndT and we should •••$£"ttons with Turkey and with China oc
have nonj? at ,all of tlio wrong kind." :$§' faipies some space, showing the peace
in this sentence the President sums up
his views .upon the immigration qtu s
tion. Iri this connection he calls the a
tention of congress to the recently d:s-.
covered naturalization frauds, and
urges prompt action. The same men
tion is made of the land frauds and the
postal frauds, and asks that a:i appro
priation be made to aid in the imm°
iliata prosecution of the guilty ones.
The message also rec jmmends mak
ing bribery extraditable.
Us
:flR,'ioiilitrequired
A majority of our people desire that
steps be taken in the interests of Amer
ican shipping, so that we may once
more resume our former positiou iu the
ocean carrying trade. But hitherto the
differences of opinion as to the proper
method of reaching this end have been
so wide that it has proved impossible
to secure the adoption of any particular
scheme. Having in view these facts, I
recommend that the congress direct tlie
secretary of the navy, the post master
general and the secretary
and labor, associated with
reseutation from the senatr .Jfso
of representatives as the congress in Its
wisdom may designate, to serve as a
commission ,for the purpose of investi
gating and reporting to the congress at
its next session what legislation is de
sirable or necessary for the develop
ment of the American merchant ma
rine and American commerce and inci
dentally of a national ocean mail serv
ice of adequate auxiliary naval cruisers
and naval reserves.
While sneli a measure is desirable in
any event, it is especially desirable at
this time in view of they fact that our
present go vera mental contract for
ocean mail with the American Hae
will, expjre ia 190D. Our ocean Ujail
act was passed in 1891. In 1895 our
twenty knot transatlantic mail line was
wifauhi inning
S
ful settlement of the trouble which
,,s$i threatened in Turkey and the success
met. in the attempts to open the Chi
nese port, to commerce In this con
nection the reduction in the cost of
.~?k
consular service is also mentioned.
Rural Mail Delivery.
The good results of the rural mail
delivery system are mentioned and a
commendation of the good roads move
ment is made a part of the same: sec
tion.
j.jj The Expositions.
::,' The message recommends national
support of the St. Louis exposition and
1 the Lewis and Clark exposition. t®
Development of Possessions.
Special attention is called to tin: de
velopment of Alaska, and the building
of lighthouses on the Hawaiian coast is
recommended, together with the tak
ing possession of those light houses
•inow built and the reimbursementby
(the United States of the territory of
Hawaii.for those latter. The progress
of the Philippines and of Porto Rico
mentijoued as a gratifying fact.
The President recommends the re-
-ji.
showed a surplus. It nfjW seems likely equal to any foreign line. Since then
that a substantial equality of revenue
and expenditure will lie attained.
Such being the ease it is' of great
moment both to exercise cave aud econ
omy in appropriations and to scan
sharply any change in our fiscal revc-! public will abandou it. If we are to
nue system which may reduce our in
come. The need of strict economy in
our expenditures is emphasized by the
fiVcPtJiat we cannot a fiord to be pars)-1
'itidiiloil^ in providing for what is es.seijj
t!6I'to bur national weIlbolngi Cnt*qfi)|
e'eortoMiJ'' 'wherever possible will alone
preVeiff 'okfr income from falling betpw,
in onlor to meet
geriuinc needs.
Needs of Financial Situation. |.
The integrity of ouivcurroncy is be
yond question, and under present con
ditions it would be unwise and unnee
essary to attempt a 'reconstruction of
our entire monetary system. The same
liberty should be granted the secretary
of the treasury to deposit customs re
ceipts ns is granted bim in the deposit
of receipts from other sources. In my
message of Dec. 2, 1902, I called atten
tion to certain needs of the financial
situation, and I again:ask the consider
ation of tlie congress: for these ques
tions.
During the last session of tlie con
gress, at the suggestion of a joint note
from the republic of Mexico and the
imperial government of China, and in
harmony with an act of the congress
appropriating $25,1:001 to pay the ex
penses thereof, a commission* was ap
pointed to confer with the principal*
European countries :iu the Ii6pe that
some plan might be devised whereby a
fixed J'ate of exchange could be assured
between tlie gold standard countries
and the silver standard countries. This
commission has filed its preliminary re
port. which has been made public. 1
deem it important that the commission
be continued and that a sum of money
be appropriated sufficient to pay the ex
penses of its further labors.
-jy*i BE-
ft
the Germans have put on twenty-three
knot steamers, and the British have
contracted for twonty-rour knot steam
ers. Our service should equal the
best. If it does not the commercial
stay iu the business it ought to be with
a full understanding of the advantages
to the country on one band, and on the
otlier witli. esaer knowledge'of th6 cost
pjrppei:, m^hodjS of eafryiiig' it on!
•Moreover,, lifiet* of t-argo Ships are-of
even 'more .importance'than |M!rti•
Allies-
lve
so 'fnij as the latter'catr'be'
depend,^ r.poji to.'furnish' swift au.v-1
illtyry c^ujserij iii t'iiii^'of war." The esi
tablishment of hew''iiijeS of cargo ships
to South America, to'Asia hud else
where would be uiilch in tlie interest
of our commercial,'e.Vp'aiision.
Immigration..-
We cannot have loo, milch immigra
tion of the right, kind, and we should
have none at all of the wrong kind.
The need is to devise some system by
which undesirable immigrants shall be
kept out entirely, while desirable im
migrants are properly distributed
throughout the country. At present
some districts which need immigrants
have none, and in others, where tlie
population is already congested, immi
grants come in such numbers as to de
press the conditions of life for those
already there. During tlie last two
years the immigration service at New
York lias been greatly improved, and
the corruption and inefficiency which
formerly obtained there have been
eradicated. This service lias just been
investigated by a committee of New
York citizens of high standing. Messrs.
Arthur v. Briesen, Lee K. Frankel, Eu
gene A. Philbin, Thomas W. Ilynes
aud Ralph Trautman. Their report
deals with "the whole situation at
length aud concludes with certain rec
ommendations for administrative and
legislative action. It is uow receiving
the attention of tlie secretary of com
merce aud labor.
The special investigation of the sub
ject of naturalization under the direc
tion of the attorney general and the
consequent prosecutions reveal a con
dition of affairs calling for the imme
diate attention of tlie congress. For
geries and perjuries of shameless aiid
flagrant character have been perpetrat
ed not only in the dense centers of
population, but throughout tlie country,
and it is established beyond doubt
that very many so called citizens of tlie
United States have no title whatever
to that right and are asserting and en
joying tlie benefits of the same through
the grossest frauds. It is never to be
forgotten that citizenship is. to quote
the words recently used-by tlie su
preme court of the United Slates, an
"inestimable heritage," whether it pro
ceeds from birth within the country Ot
is obtained by naturalization, aud we
poison the sources of our national
character and strength at the fountain
U.' the privilege is claimed and exer
cised without right aud by means of
fraud and corruption. The body politic
cannot be sound aud lieulthy if many
of Us constituent members claim their
anuuling through the prostitution of
the high right aud calling of citizen
ship. It should mean something to be
come u. citizen of .the United States,
VV
®mut
•:-r
Sums Up
THF NATION:
to the Fifty-Eighth Congress
vision of tlie pubiic laud laws to meet
the present demands, and mentions
the fact that in the past year the re
ceipts of the general land office have
been $4,762,8Mi.47 in excess of the pre
ceding year, and that those who have
unlawfully fenced public lands have
shown a willingness to take down
their fences upon demand. He spealcs
in commending terms of the advance
made in irrigation and the reclaiming
of arid lauds.
The action of congress in strength
ening the safety appliance law is men
tioned with a word of gratification.
Pensions.
'•No other class of our citizens de
serves so well of the nation as those to
•whom the nation owes its very being,
lie veterans of the Civil war," says
the message, and special attention is
called to the work of the pension bu
reau
Civil Service Advance.
The advance of the civil service bu
reau is noted with pride and the fact
that the rules of this department are
being extended is mentioned as a mat
ter for national self-congratulation.
and in the process no loophole what
ever should lie left open to fraud.
The methods by which these frauds,
now. under.. full Investigation .with a
view to meting out punishment aud
providing adequate remedies, are per
petrated include many variations of
procedure by which false certificates
of citizenship are forged in their en
tirety. or genuine certificates fraudu
lently or collusively obtained in blank
,?rp filled in by the criminal conspira
.lof?. or' certificates are obtained on
fraydule«t- statements as. to the time
of .arrival and residence in ,tbis coun
try., or imposition and substitution of
'aiiotlijcr party for the real petitioner
occur' in court, or certificates are made
the subject of barter and sale aud
transferred from the rightful holder
to those not entitled to tlieni, or cer
tificates are forged by erasure of the
original names and the insertion of the
names of other persons not entitled to
the same.
Naturalization Frauds,
It is not necessary for me to refer
here at large to the causes leadiug to
this state of affairs. The desire for
naturalization is heartily to be coui
mcudcd where It springs from a sin
cere and permanent intention to be
come citizens and a real appreciation
of the privilege, but it is a source of
untold evil aud trouble where it is
traceable to seltisli and dishonest mo
tives, such as the effort by artificial
aud improper means ill wholesale fash
ion to create voters who are ready
made tools of corrupt politicians, or the
desire to evade certain labor laws cre
ating discriminations against alien la
bor. All good citizens, whether natu
ralized or native born, are equally in
terested in protecting our citizenship
against fraud in any form and. on the
other hand, in affording every facility
for naturalization to those who in good
faith desire to share alike our privi
leges and our responsibilities.
The federal grand jury lately in ses
sion in New York city dealt with this
subject and made a presentment which
states the situation briefly and forci
bly and contains important suggestions
for tlie consideration of the congress.
This presentment is included as an ap
pendix to the report of the attorney
general.
In my last annual message in connec
tion with the subject of the due regula
tion of combinations of capital which
are or may become injurious to the
public I recommended a special appro
priation for the better enforcement of
the antitrust law as it now stands, to
be expended under the direction of tlie.
attorney general. Accordingly (by tlie
legislative, executive and judicial ap
propriation act of Feb. 25,1903, 32 Stat..
85-1, 904) the congress appropriated for
the purpose of enforcing the various
federal trust and interstate commerce
laws the sum of $500,000, to be expend
ed under the direction of the attorney
general in the employment of special
counsel aud agents In the department
of justice to conduct proeeedihgs and
prosecutions under said laws iu the
courts of the United States.
Public Land and Postal Frauds.
1 iiow recommend, as a matter of
the utmost 'Importance and urgency,
the extension of the puiT30St3 o£ this
appropriation, so that it may- be avail­
?„S6f W?
DUMBER 80
able, under the direction of the attor
ney general ai}d until used, for the duo
enforcement of the laws of th6 United
States in general. luuLefcpeclaUs.sf tlift
civil and criminal laws relating to pubf/
lie lands and the laws relating to postal
crimes and offenses and the subject of
naturalization. Recent Investigations
have shown a deplorable state of af
fairs in these three matters of vital
concern. By various frauds and by..
forgeries and perjuries thousands o£.
acres of the public domain, embracing-..*
iaiids of different character. and ei^
tending through various sections. jt ,*_*
the country, have been dishonestly [ac«,.
quired. It is hardly necessary to.ur^c,
the importance of recovering these dis
honest acquisitions stolen from tlrt,,,
people, and of promptly and duly pun?
ishiug the offenders. I speak iu an-..
other part of this message of the. .wlijUs '.
spread crimes by which the sacred,
right of citizenship is falsely nssej'tctl
and that "inestimable heritage", per-,
verted to base ends. ly similar means
—that is, through frauds, forgeries and
perjuries and by shameless briberies—
the laws relating to the proper conduct
of the public service in general and t«
the due administration of the postofflcu
department have been notoriously vio
lated, aud many indictments have been
found, and tlie consequent prosecutions
are in course of hearing or on the eve
thereof. For the reasons thus indicat
ed aud so that the government may bo
prepared to enforce promptly and with
the greatest effect the due penalties
for such violations of law and to this
end may be furnished with sufficient
instrumentalities and competent legal
assistance for the investigations anil
trials which will be necessary at uiaiiy
different points of the country I urg»
upon the congress tlie necessity of mat
ing the said appropriation availablo
for immediate use for all such pur
poses, to be expended under the dlrec
tion of the attorney general.
Steps have been taken by the statu
-department looking to the making of
bribery an extraditable offense witta
foreign powers. Tlie need of more ef
fective treaties covering this crime la
manifest. The exposures and prosecu*
Hons-of official corruption in St. Lou if
and other cities and states have result*
ed in a number of givers and takers of
bribes becoming fugitives in foreign
lands. Bribery has not been included
in extradition treaties heretofore,
the necessity for it has. not arisen.
While there may have been as mucU
official corruption in former years,
there lias been more developed aud
brought to light In the immediate past
than in the preceding century of oyr
country's history. It should be tlio
policy of tlie United States to leave no
place oil earth where a corrupt man
ileeiug from this country can rest ife
peace. There is no reason why br!herj
should not bo included in all treaties
as extraditable. The recent ameudej
-treaty with Mexico, whereby this critri^
was put in the list of extraditable of«
fenses, has established a oalttt»u»y
precedent in this regard. Under tint
treaty the state department has asked,
aud Mexico has granted, the extradi
tion of one of the St. Louis bribe giv
ers.
There can be no crime more serious'
than bribery. Qther offenses violate one
v. ..
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1 1
$
"I", $
iV*!t
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The Army and the Navy.
The success of the laws providing
general staff for the army and for the^ '^.A
more effective use of the national
guard is mentioned with commenda
tion and the establishment of schools
such as those at Fort Riley and Fort
Leavenworth is favored. The Presi-'
dent congratulates congress upon the
building up and strengthening of the'
American navy and says "We cannot
afford a let-up in this great work." He
advises the establishment of a naval
base in the Philippines and also the
establishment of a general staff like
that lately created in the army.
The Panama Trouble.
The latter part of the message is de
voted to a lengthy review of the trou
hie with Colombia growing out of the
isthmian canal matter. The events
mentioned are now history and they
are treated from the standpoint of the
United States. The course of the Unit
ed States in respect to the de facto
government of Pananla is made clear
and that it was the only course this
government had open is demonstrated
by the concise review of past events in
the message.
,?
mtmt