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..mm it. THURSDAY, April 23, 1908, TRADES OflnFtj COUNCIL Tri-Weekly Courier. BY THE COURIER PRINTING CO. Founded August 8, 1848. Member of the Lee Newspaper Syndicate. A. W. LEBi President JAS. F. POWELL Publisher T. K. DOUGHERTY. .Managing Editor .. SUBSCRIPTION RATE8. Sa.'5" Courier, 1 year, by mall J.8.0# Trl-Weekly Courier, 1 year 1-6® Office: 117-119 East Second Street Telephone (editorial or business office) No. 44 Address* the Courier Printing Com ^tPany. Ottumwa, Iowa. Entered as second class matter October 17, 190S, at the postofflce. Ot I tumwa. Iowa, under the Act of Congress of March 3, 187#. THE ARTISTIC TEMPERAMENT. William Cooke, husband of Grace MacGowan Cooke, the writer, has sued for divorce. After living with him for nineteen years his wife has left him to pursue her literary career, tak ing their two children with her. 1 Mrs. Cooke will probably excuse her conduct in deserting her husband on the worn out plea of possessing an artistic temperament, that intangible something which moves its male pos sessor to wear his hair long and don Bowing cravats and which moves a woman to imagine that she must have liberty to give full sway to her soul flights, unhampered by the confines of the home and the conventions. Some times common sense ,comes to the rescue in time to hold the family to gether, but not always. In this case, evidently, the common sense was lacking, for after leaving \her husband, Mrs. Cooke joined Upton Sinclair's literary colony, Helicon hall, ^remaining until the place burned down jit^Hind the literary personages quartered .. there sought other places of shelter. 11 Mrs. Cooke doubtless believes that •"-•ir -she has a mission in life that is great er than her duty to her home a burn- SKjpng message to give to posterity that Is J^Shigher than her wifely duties. Where Mrs. Cooke was wrong was ss^In ever marrying. Many other women find time to write and yet attend to the home duties. Many of the men I rank high in literature, too, are hus £%rVbands and fathers, and instead of flnd ^ing the home ties irksome and a hindrance to their literary work, they I? find in the home an inspiration that K^makes their work distinctly more ^4 worth while. l\ Boiled down, then, this artistic tem- Perament, is monumental selfishness ||J£'?.and over-developed ego. Its posses P" sors, whether they be writers or stevedores, all brain or all brawn, Shrill find real solace only as bachelor ^por maid. §§S: HENRY CHADWICK DEAD. S|p. Just how much credit is due the §|||iate Henry Chadwick for the perfec Ipgtlon attained by the game of baseball gl'may remain a question, but that Mr. ^Chadwick did more than any other man in the early days of the game to I popularize the sport, is not question er ad, and' his right to the title of "Father of Baseball" will not be dis puted. Mr. Chadwick was the first to rec agnize the good points of the game and it was largely through his efforts J*- that the press was induced to take ill"up the sport and give space to it. He ^-.-perfected the rules, simplifying them jpwsas much as possible, and as baseball "•^editor of the New York papers he rendered valuable services in placing ,baseball on a higher plane than oth ff^er sports. 54 In late years there has been no need of Mr. Chadwick's writings to maintain interest in the sport, for A^baseball has become in fact as well w, as in name the "National Game." But he will be missed, nevertheless. As ^editor of Spalding's guides he has I1, shown a wonderful knowledge of the I statistics and records of the game, ,*• and as a member of the rules com «.'• mittee of the Natioal league he has had mucji to do with formulating the changes which have added improve ments to the sport. tvindicated. THE MERRY WIDOW VINDICATED The Merry Widow hat has been The roomy Easter head gear that fills street cars, cuts its |L path through the street crowds and gfjspolls for the parties behind it a t^vlew of the scenery, is not without its saving graces, as the Rev. Father J, S? 4 Stepan of St. John's cathedral at St. Louis can bear witness. At St. John's yesterday, as at other St. Louis churches, and as at churches in other cities besides St. Louis, thero were many Merry Widows on display. At St. John's, too, as at other churches, the wearers of these millinery creations sat well up in front in order that all who were there might see. During the service some paper lilies caught fire from the candles and the blaze spread rapidly within the sanctuary rail. The priest feared a panic and brought the services to an abrupt pause, as he formed the altar boys into a bucket brigade and fought the flames. When the lire was subdued the services were resumed, and no one in the church seemed to know that there had been a break In the program. Then it developed that the worship ers with the Merry Widow hats in YOU DON'T KNOW how much suffering you can avoid by using the bitters or you would stop ex perimenting and stick to this sovereign f! remedy. Thousands of sufferers have learned from experience how valuable it is and they join with us in urging you to, try HOSTETTER'S STOMACH BITTERS at once. It will cure and prevent Head ache, Flatulency, Dyspepsia. Indiges tion, Costiveness, BilliiSusness, Kidney Troubles, Female Ills and Malaria, Fever and Aaue. .Avoid substitutes. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. From the Chicago Tribune:.—Are the boys and girls whose mental equipments are not adapted to the curriculum of the public schools to be allowed to leave school and enter poorly paid industries, the only ones open to them, or remain idle during one of the most impressionable periods of their lives? This, in brief, is the problem which the state of New York is trying to solve. The solution is being worked out by the bu reau of labor statistics of the New York state department of la bor, under the direction of Prof. Charles R. Richards, director of manual training in the Teachers' college of Columbia uni versity. The actual work of the investigators was begun the first of this year, and the result of their labors will not be known before next fall. Meantime much interesting and valuable in formation is being obtained from manufacturers, employes, la bor unions and parents. The first step wiil be the collection of data with which to work, after which such schools may be established as the exigencies of the situation, as shown by the investigation, de mand. For this purpose the bureau of labor statistics is making an investigation as to the supply of skilled labor in the industries of the state and as to the conditions under which-boys and girls enter the industries and their opportunities for advancement. The bureau asks the co-operation of the manufacturers by fur nishing as fully and accurately as possible the information called for in schedules sent to the employers of labor. "This investigation," said Prof. Richards, "is one looking principally to the supply of skilled labor in the state. The con verse of it is the condition under which the boys enter the vari ous industries. We are attempting to find out whether any system outside of the schools can be made to assist in a situa tion where th^ere is a lack of skilled labor. In some industries they train their own workers. There are, however, certain un derpaid industries, mostly where the employes do hand work where the supply of skilled labor is inadequate and where we have been dependent for years on a supply from abroad. As tor example, more than 95 per cent of the skilled workers in the tailoring trades are foreign born and gained their training on the other side. The same is true of the finer branches of dress and waist making. We have learned that the quality and quantity of the work that is being done is limited by a lack of workers. In other skilled industries, such as the building trades, where the old apprentice system has fallen away the great problem presented is the matter of proper training the front were seated so close to the sanctuary rail that they could not see the flames. The crowds in the rear were in a position to see the flames, but they could see nothing but hats. Thus was the Merry Widow vindicat ed and thus was a panic avoided. Rev. Father Stepan was not at all backward in giving the wearers of the hats credit for preventing a fire panic. He said: "Undoubtedly the women's vanity led them to. get up in front, where their millinery of much magnitude .would be the observed of all observ ers. "That fact is all in the world that obviated a pellmell rush for the street. "I am convinced that had it not been for the line of Merry Widow hats before me this morning the pa pers would have had to tell of scores injured in the church and possibly of deaths." So in St. Louis the women will set their Merry Widows at a more rakish angle and will wear them with pride. In Kansas City they evidently feel differently about it, as this is the way one of the newspaper poets from that place speaks his mind: Hat, Widespread and flat, What Have they got Fixed to your frame? Bees, Sections of trees, Birds all aflame! Flowers, Wonderful bowers Plants in the pot. What Have they put on this hat? Gosh! What have they not? Mme. Eames, the prima donna, gave out an interview yesterday in Chicago in which she said she never looked at another woman's clothes. "I do not know or care," she said, "what other people wear so long as I get along all right. It ought not to concern anyone what other people have on." Then Mme. Eames went on to make herself more clear. "Not only am I a peculiar woman on this question of clothes," she said, "but on other things. I am absolutely devoid of any trait which might be called curiosity." Mme. Eames then began to talk of other subjects as the interviewer drew her out and soon she was saying: 'T can't conceive of a woman wear ing such a thing on her head as a 'Merry Widow.' It must be awful to carry such a load. "And j'ou say it is the rage. Rage, ah, that is a funny thing In this coun try. In France there are no rages. Women do not put on just any kind of clothes that happen to be popular. Each one dresses to suit her own fig ure. But here—it is terrible to think of—people wear garbs that sometimes are acceptable to their figures anil sometimes are entirely out of place. "I would like to have a chance to appeal to the American woman to use a hand glass when she dresses. By that I mean to look at the back and side of her head as well as her face. Women—they are peculiar creatures. The majority of them work for hours before a glass getting their faces ready to be seen in public, and never once think of how, the side of their heads look. The back hair may be down, but as long as the face looks good it is all right with them." Mme. Eames can't be so different from other women after all. And she is not altogether consistent. First, she says she does not care what other people wear and pext she tells them what they should wear and what they should not wear. And yet perhaps she honestly believes she is different from other women. The revenge meted out to the luckless citizens of New York by a delegation of 118 trade excursionists from Tulsa, I. T., because they were not properly entertained, must have been a blow to the Gothamites. The Tulsa delegation refused to parade through the streets with its band. Jokes on Banker's Scrip. (From the Commercial West.) Wits, wiseacres, and would-be poets have had their pass at the public clearing house certificates and as the issue of the Seattle Clearing house as sociation now in process of retire ment comes into the hands of Secre tary J. w. Spangler of tho executive committee many facetious comments are found recorded on the currency. "Don't let this happen again" is the command of one anonymous individual through whose hands one of the tens passed. Evidently a $5 certificate found a warmer welcome in another quarter, as one of them was indorsed "Good-by 5 I hate to see you go" was the command of one holder of a $2 note, while on the back of a twenty was the observation that "An ounce of prevention is worth a barrel of clearing house certificates." "Very hard cash," "Take back your gold," were among the other sentence sermons. As usual the limerick fiend got in his lines, some of which in no other way would even find its way into print, while others were good. For instance, the recipient of one of the $1 bills thus recorded his sentiments: A bunch of bum banks in Seattle, Who had gold in their coffers to rattle Did form a committee, Right here in this city, And thus with the panic did battle. The next man who got the note thought he could as well, and ,to quote the words of the court poet in "King O'Keefe," he. "had an inspiration," and this is what happened: There was a young man in Seattle, But the banks turned him down When the panic struck town, Now he's out on a ranch herding cattle. In many cases merchants stamped their names and addresses on the certificates to get incidental advertis ing while the note circulated. Bank stamps indicated that many of the certificates passed through the same route as checks, having on them the number of the receiving cages. A $10 certificate set one poor fel low wild for more of the same kind and this is the way he relieved his feelings: In days of old, when banks paid gold, And grafters held their sway, And grafters bold, with tons of gold, Sang merrily his lay—sang merrily his lay— "By Jove, it is not fair, There's lots of gold in there, And silver, too By all that's true, It's ours, if we but dare, It's ours, if we but dare!" It is seriously suspected that one bard had read Mother Goose in his days of youth. This is what he evol ved: God made man and man made money. But when you come to use ft, It ain't so funny. Memorandum of oppointments and other notations, from wifey's instruc tions to buy a pot roast to engage ment dates of all kinds, were recorded upon the backs of the certificates, while telephone numbers galore sug gest that they were found convenient as temporary telephone directories. Retirement of the certificates Is pro ceeding steadily, those outstanding on Feb. 15 aggregating $39,364. The issue was $1,150,000 and the banke went on a cash basis Jan 20. When misery is at hand there Isn't much pleasure la remembering er joys. form THE OTTUWMA CPU BIER How Candidates For Presidency Are Nominated Since the presidential campaign of 1832, candidates for president and vice president have been nominated in national conventions. The methods followed in organizing and in con ducting their business is practically the same In both democratic and re publican conventions, except that In the republican the nomination is made by a majority vote and the voting is done by districts. In the democratic convention It requires a vote of two thirds to nominate and the unit rule, by which the vote of the majority of the delegates from each state is re corded as the vote of the state, is fol lowed. By Henry Barrett Chamberlain in the Chicago Tribune. Each convention selects a national committee consisting of one member from each state and territory. This committee has charge of the cam paign, and is in authority until super seded by the action of the next con vention. It issues the call for the con vention, determines when and where it shall be held, makes, through sub committees, all arrangements *as to the hall and other necessary details, and prepares a list of minor officials. The call for the convention is us ually Issued about six months before the meeting, which takes place some time In the summer preceding the election in November. The committee meets and hears the arguments ad vanced by representatives of the dif ferent cities which covet the honor of entertaining the convention. The city selected provides the hall and pays the general expenses of the convention. At times It has given a bonus of money to induce the com mittee to decide in its favor. Denver won the democratic convention for the coming summer by pledging itself to pay $100,000 toward the campaign fund. The number of delegates to each convention is double the number of senators and representatives in con gress. Each state elects four delegates at large, twice the number of its sen ators. Each congressional district Is entitled to two delegates. Delegates are alpo admitted from the territories and from the District of Columbia, but with no right to vote unless this be granted by the convention. Shortly before the convention meets, the national committee pre pares the temporary roll of the con vention by passing on the credentials of the delegates. It also prepares a list of the contests. The roll of dele gates prepared by the committee is the oillcial roster of the convention and those whose names are listed are entitled to take part In the proceed ings of the convention until the con vention, in passing on contested elec tion cases, decides otherwise. The national committee selects the temporary chairman and other tem porary officers. This action is «ubjeot to the will of the convention, which usually approves the appoiiitment of the committee, though not always. In 1884 Powell Clayton of Arkansas, the temporary chairman selected by the national committee, was rejected by the vote of the antf-Blalne men, who gave the position to John R. Lynch of Mississippi, a colored man. Admission to the proceedings of the convention is by ticket. Each dele gate is given two or three for his friends. Alternates, who In case of the absence of the delegates, would take their places, and members of the press are, of course, supplied with tickets. Each committeeman has twenty-five. The rest of the tickets arc given to the local committee for the citizens of the town paying the general expenses of the convention. The republican convention of 1860 was the first to admit a large number of spectators. A special building, the Wigwam, was erected at Chicago, the convention city. It had a seating ca pacity of over five thousand and was full at every session. The chairman of the national com mittee calls the delegates to order on the first day of the convention's meet ing. After prayer, the call for th's ccn ventr'on is read and the chairniiin ramfs the temporary chairman, who gives an address. The ll.it of minor officials, inoludinr tb- sp-.gt-ont at arms and iho mar f-h'ilf vrhf: are to keep the 'a*gi as semblage in order, is read and ap proved. The committee on creden tials, rules and order of procedure, permanent organization and platform are appointed. Each state names a member for each committee. Each state delegation has Its allotted place and speaks through its chairman. The committee on credentials is given the official roll as reported by the national committee and the list of contested seats. This committee on credentials is most Important as it fi nally decides which delegates are to participate in the work of the con vention. In 1886 t&ere were 168 cop tests before the republican conven tion. The southern states promise to bring as many more to the republican convention of 1908. Thte nominating convention Is an American invention evolved In answer to the demand of the people for a di rect voice in the selection of their candidates for offlce. In the first two elections, the people were so united in their desire that George Washington should preside over them that there was no necessity for nominating any other candidate than he. When he re tired, each of the two parties so clear ly recognized its leader that thore was no competition and no need for stating formally that John Adams would be the choice of the federalists as Thomas Jefferson was that of the strict construction party. In 1800 there" was less harmony. A small and secret meeting of democrat ic congressmen was held to arrange a party nomination. This may be re garded as the first congressional cau cus. It prepared '.ho way for the nom ination of presidential ean3idates by congressional cancuses, a practice fol lowed from 1804 until 1834. In 1804, the republican-democratic "or iemo cratic members of congress unani mously nominated Jefferson for pres ident and George Clinton of N«\v York for vice president, in 18i3. lSi2, and 1816 the same course was follow ed, but dissatisfaction with this usurping action otf the part of con gress waxed so strong Uiat in 1824 only sixty-one attendsj ho nominat ing caucus. Its candidal'!, William Crawford of Georgia, came in tuinl at the elei- 'on. In New York a call for a state nom inating convention was made as early as 1813, but found little favor. In 1824 a New York state convention com posed of as many delegates as there were representatives in the assembly, to be phosen by voters opposed to Crawford and In favor of restoring the choice of presidential electors to tbe people was called to meet at TJtica. In 1828 Andrew Jackson was rec ommended as a candidate for the presidency by the legislature of Ten nessee and at popular gatherings. The first national convention was called by the Anti-Masonic party In Septem ber, 1830, and was held In Philadel phia The national republicans, after ward called whlgs, held a convention in 1831 and unanimously nominated Henry Clay for president. This con vention recommended the calling of a ratification- meeting for. 1832. -The friends of Jackson approved of the new method and called a national con vention in-Baltimore in 1832 and the system was established. The first national committee was organized In the election of 1848 by the democratic convention. The republican national convention held in Chicago, June, 1888, is mem orable for its long session. The con vention sat from June 19 to June 115, though it took only eight ballot.ti to nominate Benjamin Harrison of Indi ana. The wounds inflicted during the fight time failed to heal. John Sher man, who for seven ballo.ts was In the lead, asserted in his autobiography that he had been betrayed. Walter Q. Gresham, another candidate, felt that he had'been badly treated by Harri son and would not support him for election. James G. Blaine of Maine was traveling In Scotland when tho convention assembled. He had refused to allow his friends to make him a candidate. Some of them insisted on voting for him until the sixth day, when a cablegram from him directed that his name be withdrawn. Laf.er'ho telegraphed his congratulations to Harrison and accepted the portfolio of state in hiB cabinet. After. Harri son's second nomination in 1892, the Plumed Knight uttered no worn of felicitation to the presidential candi date, though he did send a cna^vsjru latory message to Whltalaw Reld, the candidate for vice president. When the convention of 1838 mot. it was at sea as tn whom to aelect. Among the names formally preseri'^d, besides those of linerman, Gresiiam and Harrison, wore W. B. Allison of Iowa, Chauncey Depew of Nov York, Russell A. Alger of Michigan, Joseph R. Hawley of Connecit uc E. H. Fitler rf Pennsylvania and Jere miah Rush of Wisconsin. Others who received votes 'leie Blaino, John J. Ingalls of Kansas, William McKinley of Ohio, R"bert T. I mcoln of Illinois, Joseph Forake. of Ohio, Frederick D. Grant of New York, Frederick Douglas of the-DwMct of Columbia, William P. Phelps of New Jersey and Creed Hiyi.ond of California. After the seventh ballot AU'aon withdrew 1 is nams. His supporters threw thiSir votes to Harriso and part of Sherman's fcrces doserted to him. Hi*nison was nominated by a total n{ M4 out of 8'U votes. Tbe tick et-was rempleted by the nomination on tha trst ballot, of Levi P. Morion of New rk for vie presidcr Wil liam O. Bradley, th3 republican whom four fi'.mocrats recently elected United Eifii.es senator from Kentucky was a candidate r.t tins- conveniici- for ihe vl i.residency and received Ki3 votes. John M. Thurston, the temporary chairman of the convention of 1888, states that through some miswording of the speech in which the national committee chairman presented Thurs ton to the convention, he became tem porary chairman without the custo mary formal approval of the conven tion. This convention of 1888 was the fourth of five to pass upon Blaine's name. For a period of twenty years he cherished the hope which in his case, as in that of Henry Clay and Webster, was dead sea fruit.. With the exception of Clay he was candi date for the presidential nomination a longer time than any other man. His name was presented to the con ventions of .1876, 1880, 1884, 1888 and 1892. Four, times he failed of a nomin ation and when he won It in 1884 it was to see his party defeated for the first time in twenty-eight years. Just before the contest of 1876 his conduct as speaker of the house had been made the subject of an investi gation by congress. He had been ac cused of using his position for person al advantage. Though his friends de clared that his explanation to the house completely vindicated him, it was an unfortunate episode to happen on the eve of the assembling of a na tional convention, which he hoped would name him as presidential nom inee. Rutherford B. Hayes received the nomination. Though it was Blaine's first defeat, he had a foreboding, jus tified by after events, that he would never accomplish his highest ambi tion. He said to Colonel A. K. Mc Clure, who saw h'lm soon after the Cincinnati convention: "I am the Henry. Clay of the republican party I can never be president." It was at the convention of 1884 that the Tammany opposition to Gro ver Cleveland, Blaine's successful' op ponent, tried to break down: the unit rule In tbe democratic convention. The attempt met with defeat. Four years before Senator Cohkllng, the lofd»r of the Grant forces In -the re publican convention: tried to have the '0. 'u^ i|if ic ALCOHOL 3 PER CENT. INFANTS ^CHILDREN Promotes DigpsttonjChreifii ness andRest.Con tains neitter Opium.Morphinc nor Mineral. NOT NARCOTIC. flmpkia Sad jfazSam AperfecT Remedy forConsfipa tlon. Sour Stoniach.Dtarrtna. Worms,Convulsionsleverish- ness andLo ss OF SEEEP. Re Simile Signature of NEW YORK. i'fi 'A(b HumUvs old nDosvV-jjCtrm ^Guaranteed under the koooj Exact Copy of Wrapper. Workingman, By THEODORE ROOSEVELT. From the President's Latest Book, "A Square Deal.' justice and fair dealing toward all. unlj rule enforced. Under this rule Senator Conkling would have been able to cast the seventy votes of New York for Grant, although there were only fifty-one delegates for Grant, 17 being for Blaine and 2 for Sherman. General Garfield, who finally received the nomination, was chairman of the 3S GASTORIA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears Exactly as business men find they must often work through corpo rations and as it is a constant tendency of these corporations to grow^-r larger, so it is often necessary for laboring men to work in federa tions, and these have become important factors of modern industrial life. Both kinds of federation, capitalistic and labor, can do much. good, and, as a necessary corollary, they can both do evil. OPPOSITION TO EACH BIND OF ORGANIZATION SHOULD TAKE THE FORM OF OPPOSITION TO WHAT EVER IS BAD IN THE CONDUCT OF ANY GIVEN COR PORATION OR UNION, not of attacks upon corporations as^i' such nor upon unions as such, for some of tho most farreaching be neficent work for our people has been accomplished through both cor porations and unions. Each must refrain from arbitrary or tyran nous interference with the rights of others. Organized capital and organized labor alike should remember that in the long run the inter ests of each must be brought into harmony with the interest of the general public, and the conduct of each must conform to the funda-y^i mental rules of obedience to the law, of individual freedom and EVERY EMPLOYER, EVERY WAGEWORKER, MUST BE GUAR-? ANTEED HIS LIBERTY AND HIS RIGHT TO DO AS HE LIKE8^ WITH HI8 PROPERTY OR HIS LABOR SO LONG AS HE DOE8 NOT$4 INFRINGE UPON THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. It is of the highest importance that employer and employee alike should endeavor to appreciate each the viewpoint of the other and the'4*1 sure disaster that will come upon both in the long run if either grows to take as habitual an attitude of sour hostility and distrust toward the other. We can get good government only upon condition that we keep true ^to the principles upon which this nation waa^^ founded and JUDGE EACH MStif NOT AS A PART OF CLASS. BUT UPON HIS INDIVIDUAL MERITS. versely on the proppsition, than in Contagious^ood PoisonUgThe1^tn° rt" ™ore will multiply ia the circulation *an1 nf Partl!~le of this insidious virus by purifying the circulation. It attacks'the di£^in°th?riX down into the circulation neutraliVfn^^f o^ease the right way by going: Ijjfbs. .pM (im W jlfrt r./:^ In Use Over Thirty Years CUSTOM! THS OKNTAUR COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY. HOW TO SECURE FAIR TREATMENT ALIKE FOR LABOR AND FOR CAPITAL, HOW TO HOLD IN CHECK THE UNSCRUPULOUS/ MAN, WHETHER EMPLOYER OR EMPLOYEE, WITHOUT WEAKEN ING INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVE, WITHOUT HAMPERING AND CRAMP ING THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY, 18 A PROBLEM FRAUGHT WITH GREAT DIFFICULTIES AND ONE WHICH IT IS OF THE HIGHEST IMPORTANCE TO SOLVE ON LINES OF 8ANITY AND FARSIGHTED COMMON 'SENSE AS WELL AS OF DE VOTION TO THE RIGHT. a Pf ai$s" 3 and led the debate against the adoption of the unit rule. His report was sustained and since that time the district has been the voting unit in the republican conventions, giving each delegate a chance to vote-for the man he favors, committee on rules. He reported ad CUBES LOOD POISO! necessar5