Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume], September 09, 1909, Image 1

About Ottumwa tri-weekly courier. [volume] (Ottumwa, Iowa) 1903-1916

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GEN. CORBIN
DIES TODAY IN
N.Y. HOSPITAL
ARMY OFFICER WITH LONG REC-
5 ORD OF HONORABLE 8ERVICE
8UCCUMBS AFTER UNDERGO­
ING AN OPERATION.
HAD GOOD RECORD
I N W O W A S
HE SERVED WITH CREDIT IN
CIVIL WAR AND WAS ALSO AC-
TIVE IN SPANISH-AMERICAN
ENGAGEMENT.
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New York, Sept. 8.—General Henvy
C. Corbin died at the Roosevelt hos
pital in this city this morning after
an operation.
Corbin has been ill for two years
and last June went to Carlsbad for
treatment, but returning by way of
London and Paris, the general's
troubles developed more seriously and
on his arrival here he was taken to
the hospital, where an operation was
performed last Tuesday, following
which Corbin revived and the work
of the surgeons was regarded as a
success, but about midnight last niglit
a weakness of the heart developed
and death' ensued a few hours later.
Had Civil War Record.
•Trem-r~eR£f!c~COTWVi -was born- in
Clermont county, Ohio, September IB,
1842. He was educated in the common
school, studied law and entered the
Union army as second lieutenant In the
83d Ohio Volunteer Infantry, July 28,
1882 but before the organization was
completed he was assigned to the 79th
Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving
therein as second and first lieutenant
until Nov. 14. 18G3. when he was ap
pointed major of the 14th U. S. Color
ed Infantry. March 4, 1864 he was
made lieutenant-colonel and on Sep^
tember 28, 1865, was made colonel of
the 14th Colored U. Si Infantry. He
.was honorably discharged from the
volunteer service March 26, 1866,
brevet of brigadier-general, which
honorary rank was bestowed upon
him in recognition of meritorious serv
ice. In 1866, upon the muster-out of the
volunteer army, and upon the recom
mendation of his mllitarv commander,
•f he was commissioned May 11, 1866,
^second lieutenant in the regular army.
"V-th\-
W& I*} He was appointed to a captaincy of the
cw w»o i'w*"— .,
-gline December 81, 1866 and from that
year until 1876 he was continually in
command of his company on the west
era frontier in the campaigns against
'L hostile Indians.
wi Prominent in Spanish War.
He was appointed to the adjutant-
v-r vj general's department June 16, 1880, and
Eerved therein nine years in the grade
major, seven years in the grade of
"A lieutenant colonel and was, when ap-
pointed brigadier-general and adjut
ant-general of the army, February 23,
1898, the senior in the corps, having
served on the staffs of Generals Hunt,
'Schoffeld, Terry, Crook, Miles, Mc
'i-f Cook, Ruger Merrltt and in 1891 can
't .-ducted a successful campaign against
.the Moqul Indians in Arizona Terrl
•fffetory.
7 During the Spanish-American war
was close to McKlniey and was
tr. consulted in all auestions of- policy,re
lating to military affairs, superintend
ing the organization of 250,000 soldiers
s-within six months, the muster-out of
100,000. For his services in this war,
the congress of the United States con
ferred upon him the rank of major
general in the army of the "United
States. _________
NAKED BOY RIDES A BICYCLE.
,'^iMlgh School Fraternity Initiation Goes
iif, the Limit In Michigan—Four of
~X Youths Arrested.
Allegan, Mich., Sept 8—Allegan
was shocked last night at the newest
f-ja method of initiation adopted by the
^J.-boys of a local high Bchool fraternity.
Verne Johnson, aged 16, was forced to
take off his clothes and ride through
the business streets on a bicycle.
There were several persons on the
'{f.j street when young Johnson with his
'tMi teeth chattering from the icy breezes
pedaled as swiftly as possible around
the town.
Deputy Marshal Frank Stafford fol
lowed the boy to where nearly twenty
,14.^ of his schoolmates were doing a war
dance around his clothing. There was
Ci£,r a scattering when the officer appeared
but he captured four.
Yeggmepi Blow Bank Safe.
*0' Chippewa, wis., Sept 8.—Three
Yegmen blew open the safe of the
State bank at Downing, Wis., today
but secured only a small amount of
cash.
Postmasters Elect.
Gainesville, Ga., Sept. 8.—The Na
ttonal Asociation of Postmasters of
the second and third class inet today
Rnd listened to speeches of welcome
and responses. •*,
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MAN THOUGHT INTOXICATED
SUCCUMBS AFTER BEING IN-
CARCERATED.
Milton, Sept. 8.—(Special.)—W. A.
Broad well, registering from Dos
Moines, died here suddenly and un
der peculiar circumstances. He ate a
very hearty breakfast, after which he
was taken sick. A doctor was called,
who pronounced him intoxicated. The
city marshal therefore arrested him
and took, him to the city jail, where
he died.
He had been selling novelties at the
Milton fair, last week. He belonged
to the Eagles' lodge in Chicago and
information regarding the. disposition
of the remains is expected soon.
MEEK BUSINESS SOLD
Manufacturing Plant at Bonaparte
Brings Thirteen Thousand
Illinois Man Buyer.
Bonaparte, Sept. 8-*-(Special.)—The
entire manufacturing plant of the de
funct Meek Bros.' company, consist
ing of the large woolen mill, clothing
factory and all personal property, has
been sold here by Joseph A. Johnson,
trustee in bankruptcy. It was bid in by
G. D.-Pocock of Jacksonville, 111., his
bid being $13,050, he being the high
est bidder. Mr. Pocock states that he
expects to start the clothing'factory
as soon as possible. He will move to
Bonaparte at once if the sale is ap
proved. Before the ^ale is pertain it
must be approved by Judge Smith Mc
pherson in the absence of Referee in
Bankruptcy Robert, who is taking a
vacation because of ill health. It is
thought the sale will be approved at
once and the factory will soon begin
operation.
TOM JOHNSON WINS
Municipal Ownership Advocate Nomi
nated for Fifth Time in May-:
oralty Fight.
Cleveland, O., Sept. 8.—Tom John
son yesterday was nominated for may
or for the fifth time, over Dr. Walz,
who received only a few vofes. The
Johnson councilmanlc candidates
were defeated, showing that Johnson's
traction policy is not indorsed by the
Democrats. Hermann Baehr was nom
inated for mayor by the Republicans
by 10,000 plurality over the combined
vote of Robert E. McKisson, former
mayor, and Frank R. Chandler.
Chioago Couple Asphyxiation,
Chicago, Sept. 8.—The bodies of Har
ry Boland. aged 75 years and his wife.
Mary, aged 65 years, were found dead
in a bed at their home today. Death
was caused by asphyxiation, a gas jet
being found partly open.
issues Call for. Bank Statement:
Washington, Sept. 8.—The comp
troller of the currency has issued a call
today for a statement of National
banks at the close of business Sept 1.
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HARRIMAN'S HEALTH
FAILS RUMORS FLY
Arden, Sept. 8.—Dr. Lyle Issued
a signed statement this morning
caying Harrlman Is better. This
was dene to allay, the rumors'"that
have bene gaining ground. v.
Arden, NV Y., Sept. 8.—Harriman's
condition was not so grave today as
to demand absolute quiet and work
was resumed this morning by men en
gaged on the estate at Tower Hill.
The whistle of a steaming engine
about 200 yards from the sick man's
chamber, which summons these men
to work, sounded Its call at 6:10 a. m.
Rumors of the most alarming nature
were circulated throughout the early
part of last night, both here and at
Turners, the telegraph station on the
other side of Tower Hill.
Report of His Death.
Shortly after 10 o'clock there came
a rumor that the financier had died
in a sudden collapse. Where this ru
mor calme from no one could say,
but with the difficulty of obtaining
communication with the
:::d'M\.
I Jj^ 'V
REPORTS GAINED CIRCULATION
LAST NIpHT THAT NOTED FI­
NANCIER WAS DEAD, BUT PHY­
SICIAN PROMPTLY 8TOPPED IT
STOCK MARKET IS
UPSET AS RESULT
.. ,, Harrlman
?t' i'
WjS
y®n wide circulation,
and had sped on the wings of the wind
from the Atlantic to the Pacific before
a terse denial over the telephone from
Dr. Lyle set it at rest. But Dr. Lyle
declined even to add a word to his
denial, and his refusal to give out any
information regarding his patient's
condition gave, further grounds for
speculation—a situation that was
readily seized upon by alarmists.
Stock Market Affected.
New York, Sept. 8.—The quiet tone
early in the stock market today indi
cated some subsidence of the the anx
iety over the condition of Harrlman,
although no authoritative announce
ment of the condition of the patient
was made this morning. Union Pa
cific rose lYt, over yesterday's closing
price and Southern Pacific %, and
Reading 1%.
Rumors got into circulation of com
ing bad news from the Harrlman home
which carried Union Pacific 1% points
below last night and practically all the
active stocks down a point. Heavy
orders yrere executed In U. S. steel at
about-" Denials of the rumors
/.taat!) a market, but the prices
were b»... at the lowest a' oon.
The physicians' bull reporting
Hariman Improved was ed by a
recovery' which plac^ Harrlman
stocks about at last night's level
Again.
Harrlman's Lawyer at Arden.
New York, Sept. 8.—Word was re
ceived at the Union Pacific offices
from Judge Lovell this morning that
he would not return from Arden to
New York until this afternoon. In
quiry as to Harrlman's condition was
met with the statement that al such
Information must be obtained from
Dr. Lyle.
Roberts Dismisses Liquor Cases.
Charlton. Sept. 8.—(Special.)—The
case brought against Drs. B. E. and B.
F. Daughorty on the charge of keeping'
and selling liquor unlawfully, was dis
missed yesterday. Some time ago a
quantity of liquor was seized at the
Daugherty drug store, and the owners
were arrested on the above charge,
yesterday, after the prosecution had
submitted their evidence, Attorney T.
M. Stuart, on behalf of the Daughertys
moved that the case be dismissed and
the motion was sustained by Judge
Roberts.
VOLUME 62 OTTUMWA. WAPELLO COUNTY, IOWA, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1909. NUMBER 15
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COOK DID NOT DISCOVER NORTH POLE IS ASSERTION OF PEARY, WHO
DECLARES RIVAL'S ESKIMOS SAY HE NEVER GOT OUT OF SIGHT OF LAND
IKE E
PRACTICALLY ALL DEMANDS ARE
GRANTED, EXCEPT WAGE IN
CREA8E, WHICH WAS COMPRO
MISED-^MEN RETURN TO WORK
Pittsburg," Sept 8.—The McKees
Rocks strike, which has been in pro
gress fifty-three days at the Pressed
Steel Car company, is over. The
workmen, numbering over 5,000, have
won. Beginning Thursday morning,
they will return to work a thousand a
day.
While formal action declaring the
trouble $nded will not be. taken until
a vote Is cast by the men, G. A. Wise,
chairman of the strikers' executive
committee, stated last night that the
employes will decide to return to
work. Practically all the demands
made by the men, he said, have been
granted. One point, that of an in
crease In wages, has been compromis
ed. The company is said to have
promised to pay the 1907 rate of
wages as soon as present contracts
are filled.
A special convention of the Pitta
burg district, United Mine Workers of
America, opened here yesterday for
the purpose of deciding what course
to pursue in settling the differences
regarding explosives in use in the
mining of coal.
A recent state order that black cr
"safety" powder must be used is ob
jected to by the miners, who claim
that the explosive shatters the coal
and reduces their earnings. Several
weeks ago 'the matter grew serious
when over 8,000 miners went on
strike. The operators appealed to the
state authorities, who suspended the
order until the miners could hold a
special convention.
During the convention yesterday
the breach between National Presi
dent Lewis and District President
Feehan was plainly shown. Feehan
made a lengthy report to the conven
tion In which he charged- President
Lewis with meddling in the affairs r.f
the local organization. Lewis, who
was present, announced that he would
answer Feehan today.
BIG TIME AT OSKALOOSA
Old Settlers Gathering From All Over
Mahaska County for Home
Coming.
Oskaloosa, Sept. 8.—The second day
0j
home coming celebration open-
e(j with
clearing skies. The roads
were muddy and bad from the rain of
Monday, but the people came to the
city from every direction. It was old
settlers' day and the program was un
der the auspices of the Old Settlers'
association of Mahaska county. The
crowd in the city was in excess of
numbers of all expectations and the af
fair was a big success both in point
of numbers and in entertainment.
The program was opened during the
forenoon with addresses by S. L. Pom
eron and R. I. Garden, both well
known pioneers. The feature of the
afternoon was an address by Ellsworth
Rominger of Bloomfleld. Rev. J. D.
Guthrie, Mrs. Sared C. Terrell, W. H.
Brown and other old time pioneers
talked to the gathering in the after
npon. The program of the day was
concluded last evening with an exhibi
tion of fireworks by the Pain company.
The old soldiers open a three days'
reunion today and the old veterans are
gathering in numbers for the big event.
CORN POOR, WHEAT GOOD
Estimate of Crop Reporting Board
Shows Condition of Crops
1
September 1.
Washington, D. C., Sept. 8.—The
crop reporting board of the depart
ment of agriculture estimates the av
erage condition of the crops Septem
ber last as follows:
Corn, 74.6, compared with 79.4 in the
same datelast year.
Spring wheat, 88.6, compared with
77.6 in 1908.
Oats, 83.8, against 69.7 when har
vested in 1908.
The average condition of othercrops
follows:
Barley, 80.5 buckwheat, 81.1 pota
toes, 80.9.
Bachelor Burns to Death.
Evansville, Ind., Sept. 8.—Louis
Wolfe, 50 -{'ears old, a bachelor farmer
living ten miles below here, went to
bed smoking his pipe last night. His
bed caught fire and he was burned to
death.
'•'•j JRobber# Get $40,000.
Sfittiara, Russia, Sept. f.—A hand of
robbers masked and armed with bombs
and revolvers attacked the post office
at Miass last night and after killing
the night watchman and three pollce
inent. looted the office ami escaped
with 140,000.
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DARING FRENCH
AVIATOR DIES
AFTER A FALL
M. LEFEBVRE KILLED WHEN AER­
OPLANE IN PRACTICE FLIGHT
CRASHES TO GROUND—WRIGHT
IN HOUR'S TRIAL
Juvlsy-Sir-Orge, France, Sept. *8.—
E. LefeLvre, the French aviator, was
killed by a fall from his aeroplane in
which he was practicing over the avia
tion field yesterday afternoon. M. Le
febvre sustained mortal injuries when
the machine crashed to the ground.
He died soon afterward.
M. Lefebvre came into prominence
only a few months ago. He was. an
engineer of considerable note, and be
came Interested in aviation through
studying it as a science.
He was a contestant at the recent
aerial competitions at Rhelms and
was noted for his daring performances
and recklessness. After one of the
Rhelms races he was fined $4 for
reckless flying.
Several months ago M. Lefebvre
purchased a Wright aeroplane and
started at once making a series of suc
cessful flights near The Hague. Aft
er his demonstrations in Holland M.
Lefebvre dropped out of sight for a
while, but came back into the arena
at Rhelms, where he piloted a Wright
machine.
Wright Flies Nearly an Hour.
Berlin, Sept. 8.—Orvllle Wright yes
terday made a flight of fifty-two minr
utes. The great crowds which watch
ed the exhibition shouted enthusias
tically when he glided over their
heads.
Curtiss Arrives at Brescia.
Brescia, Sept 8.—Glenn H. Curtiss.
the American aviator who recently
won the international cup at Rheims,
arrived here from Paris to take part
in the forthcoming aeroplane races.
Curtiss did not make a trial flight,
as he said he wished first to be sure
that his machine was in thorough or
der. The king has expressed a desire
to meet Curtiss on the next visit of
his majesty here. The official contests
will begin this afternoon. The town
is crowded with visitors.
EIGHT-INCH RAIN AT TOPEKA.
Heaviest Fall Ever Recorded for
Hours at the Kansas
Capital.
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Topeka, Kan., Sept. 8.—The heaviest
rainfall for twelve hours ever record
ed here fell yesterday, the total pre
cipitation being a fraction more than
eight inches. A light fall continued
today.
Several streets were flooded. Street
car traffic was tied up and people wad
ed to their places of business through
water varying in depth from three
inches to a foot.
The small streams in this vicinity
became bank full and persons living in
the bottom lands prepared to move
to, higher ground.
The rain extended farther west,
Wichita reporting a fall of 1.58 inches
and Concordia 1.96.
MRS. MARY FRANCIS DEAD.
Mother of President Urion of the Chi
cago Board of Education Passes
Away—Funeral at Eddyville.
Eddyville Sept. 8.—(Special.)—
Mrs. Peter Francis, who was placed in
the hospital at Albia two weeks ago,
passed away at that place Monday
afternoon, after a lingering illness and
after having attained quite an ad
vanced age. The remains will be
brought to Eddyville for burial today.
She is survived by her husband, Peter
Francis, and by a number of children,
among them being Alfred and John
Urion. Alfred Urion was elected as
president of the Chicago board of ed
ucation a month or two ago. Mrs.
Francis had lived at Eddyville since
her marriage to Peter Francis about
six years ago.
DAVENPORT HOLDS SALOONS
District Court Sustains Validity of
New Petitldn Recently Circulat
ed There.
Davenport, Sept 8.—Davenport's 160
saloons have a lease of life for five
years. This was the decision of Judge
'J. W. Bollinger yesterday when ruling
on cases brought by the civic federa
tion against certain Davenport saloon
keepers who had re-entered business
under the new statement of consent
circulated this summer. The federa
tion argued that saloons would have
to be reduced to one for each 1,000
of population in two years, when the
old statement of consent wotold expire.
Judge Bollinger holds that the new
one is valid, and the friends of the Ba
loon are jubilant over the first impor
tant legal victory It has won since the
movement for regulation of the liquor
bualnes^ was started.
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Copenhagen, Sept. 8.—Daug
4 aard Jensen, inspector of Dan- 4*
4* ish North Greenland, told the
'Associated Press today that he 41
was perfectly convinced of the
truth of Cook's narrative. Jen
4» sen first heard Cook had at
4 talned the pole from Eskimos.
He then met' Cook, who con
firmed the story.
BRIOGMAN TO
GREET PEARY
SECRETARY OF ARCTIC CLUB TO
CARRY NATION'S WELCOME
TO THE EXPLORER
New York, Sept. 8.—Herbert L.
Bridgman, secretary of the Peary Arc
tic club, left here last night at 8
o'clock for Sydney, N. S., to welcome
Commander Robert E. Peary when he
arrives at that port. Mr. Bridgman
wilj,probably .fee joined f^ftland
Me., by Mrs. Peary, who will "accom
pany him northward. Mr. Brldginan
Is one of the closest personal friends
and most consistent financial backers
of Peary.
In Magazine Article.
Mr. Bridgeman contributes an
article to the Independent, which will
appear tomorrow, on "The Dash to
the Pole." It was written before Com
mander Peary's announcement had
been made, and deals chiefly with
Dr. Cook's claim to having reached the
pole on 'April 21, 1908. It says in
part:
The announcement that the North
Pole, that lure of the centuries, has
actually been reached comes so sud
denly and trom a quarter so unexpect
ed that intelligent judgment on the
fact is difficult. Naturally, writing for
the public and forwarding this account
by cable, only the personal and pop
ular phases would be presented, and
any statement of scientific or data
would be deferred.
"But Dr. Cook would probably not
demand that scientific rank and
weight should be given to his expedi
tion. It was simply a duel with
nature man, stripped for the fight,
incumbered only with the barest neces
sities, determined to make a life and
death struggle for one thing only, the
goal.
Science to Verify.
But the world will ask that science
though not directly interested and
served, shall verify the claim and shall
attest the result.
"And, therefore, Dr. Cook doubtless
will be only too willing to offer the
data upon which the confirmation of
narrative will rest. Records, diaries,
note books, locations, courses and all
indicia so well known to explorers
will be produced and placed with the
archives, either in original or in dupli
cate, of the principal geographic so
cieties of the world.
Had he by any possibility opened
any of Peary's cairns at Cape Thomas,
Hubbard or Cape Columbia or any of
Sverdrup's in his Farthest Land and
archipelago, the evideice would be con
elusive and all the doubts forever
silenced.
Stands on Own Word.
"Reading between the lines and dis
missing at once for what they may
be worth all the views, opinions and
comments with which the papers are
just now so heavily burdened, the tale
stands or falls by itself and without
witness or testimony."
After discussing past polar research
and the outlook for further explora
tion the article continues:
"Maybe this is not the time nor
place io intrude ethics or etiquette.
Yet those who have folowed arctic
matters do not forget that Peary made
all this possible, and they reserve un
til the facts are known their judgment.
Eskimo had been trained by him, land
explored and seas charted, and only
an unlucky delay of contractors, for
which he was in no way responsible,
kept him at home in the summer of
1907.
Comments on Stealth.
"Everybody knew the facts that
his work was unfinished, postponed
and the fitting out of the Bradley by
stealth (the Bradley was Dr. Cook's
ship) equipped for field work and
(Continued on Pago 4.)
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LATEST TELEGRAM FROM PEARY
IS AS STARTLING AS HIS FIRST
Danish Inspector
in Greenland is
Believer in Cook
»','"*fai:5
-1 4
MESSAGE WA8 IN RESPONSE TO
ONE SENT BY THE ASSOCIATED
PRES8 APPRISING HIM OF THH
CLAIMS MADE BY HI8 RIVAL.
•Mi
'•{ft
SKEPTICISM AS TO
DR. COOK GROWING
REFUSAL OF FIRST CLAIMANT TO
PRODUCE HIS PROOFS ROUSES
SUSPICIONS ISSUES ARE NOW
BROUGHT TO CONCRETE FORI
New York, Sept 8.—The fol
lowing dispatch was received
here early today:—"Indian
Harbor, Labrador, wireless, via
Cape Ray, N. F., Sept. 7:
To Melville E. Stone, Associ
ated Press, New York:
"I have nailed the stars and
stripes to the north pole. This
is authoritative and correct
Cook'3 story Bhould not be
taken too seriously. The two
Eskimos who accompanied him
say he went no distance north
and not out of sight of land.
Other members of the tribe
corroborate tbe Btory. (fifgned)
Peary."
4
4
At the same time it is the first ex
pression of opinion from any one in &
position to know the facta of the arctid
region on which Cook's claims arq
based. It contains the direct lntima
tion that Cook never reached the pole,
Peary's message was in response tq.
one from the Aflsociated Press appris*
ing him of Cook's claim. This di«
patch to Peary was Bent within a few
minutes of the receipt of Peary's firat
telegram announcing his achieve-/
ment, and it was evidently the fi£
word the explorer received on comluj
within range of civilization that Cooli
had already claimed being the firs!
discoverer of the pole. Peary's re
sponse, therefore, embodies his viewd
on first hearing the news that his an
nouncement of the discovery of th«
pole was disputed by Cook.
Cook Skepticism Grows.
Cook's lecture at Copenhagen last
night, when he had ample opportunity ,«•
to substantiate his claims, was r«
celved there without Indications that
it was accepted as conclusive, and this
view is again reflected today, increas
ing the skepticism from foreign capi
tals.
Peary Wires Wife.
New York, Sept. 8.—The text o'
Peary's message to his wife was m&da
public here today as follows:
"Delayed by gale. Don't worry about
Cook. Eskimos say Cook never left
sight of land. Tribe confirms. Meet
me at Sydney."
Whitney Meets Peary.
New York, Sept. 8.—The following
from Peary was received today: "Took
Whitney on board at Dtah. Cook has
gone to Copenhagen. Met "Jeanie,"
the relief steamer off Saunders Island,
August 23. Whitney went on board
the Jeanie and we parted company
company after the twenty-fourth."
Whitney is the man Dr. Cook says car
ries his proofs.
Peary Ship 8lghted.
Battle Harbor, Labrador, Sept 8.—
Peary's steamer, Roosevelt, vu sight
ed at 10 a. m., today. It is not yet de
termined whether she will call or pro
ceed to Chateau Bay.
London Bureau Hears From Peary.
London, Sept 8.—The Reuter Tele
gram company roceived the following
from Peary dated Indian Harbor, Labr
rador:
"Cook's story should not be taken
too seriously. The Eskimos who ac
companied him say he went no dis
tance north and ont out of sight of
land. Other men of the tribe corrobo
rate their statinenL"
Tf
•r
New York, Sept 8.—Commander
Peary's despatch today from Indian
Harbor to the Associated Press gives
his first expression concerning the
claim of Cook that he reached the'pole
almost a year prior to Peary or ou
April 21, 1908. Peary's latest tele*
gram is hardly less notable than his.
first announcement which absorbed
the attention of the world, as it givefl'
concrete form to the issues already
vaguely outlined in scientific quarters
on the authenticity of Cook's announce,
ment, and the question of priority in
reaching the pole.
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