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HUNTING BIG GAME IN EAST AFRICA Elephant Ivory and How It Is Obtained By Capt. Fritz Duquesne Capt. Fritz Duquesne was born of Boer fxirents in South Africa , edu cated in Europe (where he won con siderable distinction as a swords man), and has been a professional hunter of big game most of his life. At the age of 17 he was a veteran of the Kaffir wars, lie served in the Boer war and also in the Congo. In the recent events of South Africa’s kaleidoscopic history Capt. Duquesne took a conspicuous juirt. lie act ed in many capacities during the hostilities between the Boer and the British, being in turn spy. military detective , engineer, censor, dispatch carrier and propagandist. He was wounded twice in the fighting arovnd CoUnso. )Vhen the British succeeded in cutting cable communi cation between the Boer republic and the rest of the world. IJuquesne carried the news of the Boer victo ries over the Mozambique border, and from there he wrote dispatches to the Petit Bleu, the official Euro pean organ of the Boer government, lie was once captured by the Por tuguese and thrown into prison at Lorenzo Marquis. Later he was ta ken as a prisoner to Europe at the request of the British government. When the ship that conveyed him and his guard touched at Maples he was suffering from a fever and in consequence, was placed in an Italian hospital. On his recovery he was al lowed to go free, lie went to Brus sels and was sent hark to the front by Hr. Leyds. with plans for the seizure of (’ape Town by the Boer commanders then mobiliz d in ('ape Colony. Everything was ready for the taking of the city when, a traitor haring revealed the plot. Duquesne and a number of others were cap tured in (’ape 'Town inside the Brit ish defenses. This was the climax of what has come to be known as the “Cape Town Plot." Some of the prisoners were sentenced to death who later had their sentence changed to life imprisonment. Capt. Duquesne was among the latter. Ten months later he escaped from the Bermuda prisons, got aboard the American yacht Margaret of Sew York while she was coaling at the dock, and was conveyed to Baltimore. Back to Eu rope he went again, as war corre spondent and military writer on the Petit Bleu; thence to Africa, where he took a commission on the Congo. In East Africa he hunted big game for sport and profit, and finally he came to Mew York to do newspaper and magazine work. HE experience Presl dent Roosevelt has gained hunting game on the North American continent will be of little use to him on his expe dition into the wilds o f East Africa. Hunting in America T HI: Is a sport, something to be played at; hunting in Africa is a trade, almost a profession. In America one merely takes a rifle and goes out to shoot. In Africa, to hunt a la mode, one takes a battery of arms, usually three and sometimes four, high power rifles of different caliber, ranging from a six and five-tenths millimeter to a 600 cordite express. The cartridges for these rifles are charged with vari ous bullets, solid nickel, steel, soft nose long, soft nose short and split. Each of these bullets was designed by experts for a special use, and on the way they are used depends the success of one's shot. Often the use of the unsuitable bullet ends in the hunter's death. On small game the light caliber arm. six five-tenths milli meter. is used, and on large and dan gerous game the nine millimeter Mau ser and 600 caliber cordite express give the best results. The last-named rifle strikes the enormous blow of 8,700 pounds, and has a recoil of close on a hundred weight. That the man IRISH BLOOD IN DIAZ LAND Many Mexicans Found with Red Hair and Real Hibernian Brogue and Namee. "The Mexicans are a dark-skinned race, but in the crowds of idlers who watch the passing train at every rail road station you will be sure to see one or more faces of truly Irish cast, surmounted by shocks of touseled brick-red hair,” said a man who had wnose hunting experiences has been bring him down. The hunter must put the shot into the animal s head or heart, or he must face a charge that will probably end in his destruction. Rifles of various caliber are carried for economy. It is cheaper to use a small six five-tenths millimeter rifle on Small game, a nine millimeter on medium game, and a 600 express on big game, than to carry one weapon for all-round work, which would have to be big enough at least for the largest game. Nothing smaller than a 450 express would do for that, and it would be distinctly uneconomical, not to say foolish, to shoot a small antelope, the size of a goat, with a 600 express. It would be like using a pile driver to kill a mosquito. Again, cartridges become very costly by the time they reach the interior of Africa. A cartridge for a 600 express rifle, for instance, costing sixpence (12 cents) In London, reaches an enormous price by the time it gets into the hunting grounds of Africa. I have seen them bring five shillings ($1.25) each, and very scarce at that. Nor is this such an extravagant price when one takes into consideration that every ounce has to be carried by porters who plod for months through swamps, across rivers, over mountains, traversing the parched veld and penetrating the dis mal forest, often fighting their way foot by foot before they reach their destination. It Is easy to see that weight is an Important factor in cart ridge economics. Four six five-tenths millimeter cartridges are equal in weight to one 600 express. That is, it is four deaths against one, for the same weight. These are the things President Roosevelt must learn before he can consider himself up on the ways of safari.* If the president hunts like WITH A ROAR HE CHARGED DOWN ON ME LIKE AN AVALANCHE. an Africander and not like the av erage European that visits the dark continent. he will certainly find danger; danger that tries a hunter’s confined to bird shooting with shot guns, or small game, with. say. a 32- caliber rifle, may understand the meaning of these figures, let me state that the ordinary 32-caliber rifle has a recoil of perhaps ten to twelve pounds. The double-barreled shot gun, which to the ordinary hunter seems to have all the "kicking'' ca pacity any weai>on needs, has a re soil of from 25 to 30 pounds. The 600 caliber cordite express is the most deadly hand arm made. Notwithstanding the terrific force of this 600 express bullet it must be placed in the correct part of an ele phant's or a rhinoceros' anatomy to nerve, that requires an alert intelli gence and a quick eye to pass through it and live. Mr. Cunninghame, who Is organiz ing the Roosevelt expedition, is one of the most experienced and clever of African hunters. He will have com plete charge of everything from the largest to the smallest detail. With him at the head of things the presi dent can depend on having a success ful hunt. That is, if he is going for sport and not merely as a scribe look ing for local atmosphere for his book. Many great African hunters have killed all their game in the narrow and dark confines of an ink bottle. Africa is a menagerie 11.500,000 miles in area, with the greatest com bination of lakes, rivers, mountains and veld imaginable, a veritable para dise for wild animals. Notwithstand ing the destruction of big game, there • just returned from a long trip through Diaz’s republic. "The reason for this isn't far to seek. When the Mexican railroads were built, twenty or thirty 1 years ago, it was an army of Irish la ) borers who dug the dirt, laid the ties - and spiked down the steel. They * mixed with the native population, na , turally, and the red-headed hybrid with l a pug nose and perpetual grin is the I result. are still thousands of herds of every thing Africa possesses for the hunter, roaming over the veld only a few days' travel afoot from the coast. There are hundreds of rivers that have rarely been visited by the white man. On the banks of these streams hippopotami, rhinoceroses, elephants, leopards, Hons, gorillas and dozens of varieties of antelope, the names of which have never been heard by the majority of Europeans or Americans, gambol and fatten in gluttonous plen tltude undisturbed by the crack of the 600 caliber express. It is only in reachable districts that the game is killed to any great extent. The cost and danger of hunting in most of the country have protected it and will protect it for many years to come. Frightful Diseases of the Jungle. Where game is most abundant the frightful diseases that nature seems to have placed as a barrier against the white man's invasion are also abundant. In Africa's wild, beautiful, mysterious forests, more to be feared than all the lions and rhinos, lurk the germs of the deadly blackwater fever, malaria, science-defying sleeping sick ness and the unknown reason for the veld sores that drain one's life out in a few months. These, with the •East African t**rm for an expedition of any kind, especially a hunting expedition, miasmal swamps, the noxious Insects, the slimy, poisonous spears of the natives, make hunting in Africa no game for the chicken-hearted. Of course, hunting as a business is one thing and hunting for pleasure is another. It is possible to kill African game to a lijnlted extent without the slightest hardship. One can go on safari accompanied by natives who do all the work, even to carrying the sportsman In a hammock up to the game, selecting the correct rifle, loading with the proper ammunition, pointing out the place to shoot at and handing the hunter the weapon. The hunter merely pulls the trigger, after seeing that there are a number of shikarees (native hunters) in readiness to protect hint should he miss his mark and the game charge. As often as not he misses, a shikaree shoots the game, and his employer gets the credit. It is the dangerous side only of African hunting that has any attractions for the man with any sporting instincts in him. and it is only that side of the hunt that is of interest to the laity. According to present intentions, Mr. Cunninghame will take the Roosevelt party over the route I have covered twice, the last time very recently. What I have passed through Roose velt must face. He will be lucky if he comes out alive. Like most Boers, I have been hunt ing. on and off. and associating with hunters since I was ten years old. Danger and hairbreadth escapes have happened so frequently to me that most of my hunting experiences ap pear almost too commonplace to record. Yet some of them stand out vividly from the rest, especially those of recent occurrence. It would be Impossible to hunt any length of time In Africa without having some adven tures worth relating; adventures in which a steady eye. nerves of steel, and a brain as quick as lightning are life-saving essentials to a big game hunter. Most game drops at the first shot from the rifle of an Experienced hunt- "I remember one place in particular where I saw one of these carrot topped Irish-Mexicans who had such a Hibernian face that I felt sure at once he must be an exile from Erin who had gone broke in the land of the Montezumas. It was at a station called Apizaco, on the Mexican railway —the line that leads from the capital to Vera Cruz, a road that was built by an Irishman who grew rich and be came a Mexican citizen. This man was selling gaudily painted and carved canes, for which this station Is famous er. "The game that makes the story is the game that's missed.” as the Swahili (east coast natives) say, and there Is nothing truer than that say ing, as far as my experiences go. for a bad shot nearly ended my trek a little while ago in the Lake country. I was treking between Lake Albert Edward N'Yanza and Lake Kivu, the greatest stretch of hunting ground in the world, with a caravan of a hun dred men. We had marched steadily through the early part of the day and. now that the merciless white-hot sun was directly overhead, I called a halt. Each member of the caravan threw himself down in the shade excepting my shikaree Nick, a "boy” from the other side of the continent, a native of Senegal. He never rested, and as he got a percentage of the ivory we secured, he never let the soles of his feet grow soft for want of exercise. About an hour passed before Nick same swinging Into camp with his white teeth gleaming like new swords. I knew by his smile that there was something afoot He walked straight to my elephant guns and beckoned me. I knew he had struck a fresh spoor (trail). Seizing my arras. I signaled my gun bearer and struck out. Nick leading. If there are any elephants about at midday, the hunter is pretty sure to make a good bag. for at that time they rest out of the direct rays of the sun, dozing the hot hours away, and are easily approached. A Terrible Battle with Elephants. After half an hour's walk through grass that was at least 20 feet high, we came across a herd of about twenty elephants, among which there were some fine bull tuskers. As I ex pected. they were all resting out of the sun. They were difficult to get at on account of the thickness of the undergrowth. It meant a long, pa tient crawl to a good shooting posi tion, for to shoot at anything but close quarters In such country meant that the bullet would be deflected by the bush. I put a solid nickel ball In the right barrel of my 600 caliber ex press for a head shot, and a soft nose split in the left barrel for a body shot. With the shikaree at my side and the gun bearer at my back, we crept silently, inch by inch, foot by foot, through the huge tufts of grass till a good view of the game presented it self. I took off my coat and hat, hung them on a low limb and crawled a few yards farther on. As I could not get a vital shot at any of the ele phants in their lying position. I gave a sharp whistle. In an instant they were upon their feet thrusting their trunks up in the air to get a scent of their enemies and holding out their enormous ears to catch the slightest sound. At last an old bull worked into the right position. I aimed at his weakest point, between the eye and ear, and gave him the solid shot. My aim was bad; ft piece of his tusk flew into the air. With a roar he charged down on me like an ava lanche. I leveled my express for a second shot and the natives stood ready. Down he came, the grass waving be fore him in billows. I waited 50. 40, 30. 20 yards, another second's sus pense and—bang! I gave him the soft bullet full in the chest. It failed to stop him. A screeching roar of pain burst from the charging monster and blood gushed from his trunk. I all over the country. He was dressed in the usual two-piece suit—loose blouse and trousers of white cotton, ragged and dirty. His red head was covered by a tattered straw sombrero, and his feet were bare —like all the other peons. When he came up to me with his canes I spoke to him in Eng lish. He grinned at me and replied in Spanish that he did not understand. So I went back at him in Mexican: ** ‘Aren't you Irish?’ What is your name?' I asked. “ ‘Si, senor,' he replied in the formal snatched my Mauser and jumped aside as he passed. My hat and coat, j which were a few yards behind, at tracted his attention. With a snort of satisfaction he crushed them down. I gave him all my Mauser sho'.s in ' the rear. With extraordinary sudden ness he turned. He sighted me rnd charged, his tusks level with his body. My magazine was empty. I threw ny rifle down and ran. the elephant gain ing on me at each step. I saw Nick ahead of me with leveled rifle. To keep running meant that I would soon be overtaken. Instinctive ly I threw myself on the ground and Nick fired. With a thud that made the earth tremble the elephant dropped. The huge trunk twisted like a wounded snake for a moment, and then the gigantic body relaxed in death. It all took about two minutes to happen and was a pretty close shave, but it was worth the trouble, for the tusks we got were big, weigh ing close to a hundred pounds. The Killing of Nick, Hunter Boy. A few months after this occurrence, on the same trip. I lost Nick, my Senegal ■■boy," under terrible circum stances. This brave man who had hunted everything in Africa from the Cape to Cairo, and from Zanzibar to Banana, boasted many a time that he would never be killed by anything but old age. But he was too sure. Long association with danger had made him careless, and this cost him his life. We were treking south toward Lake Tanganyika along a native path run ning parallel with the Rusizi river. It was frightfully hot, so hot that the gun barrels burned our hands. The porters staggered under their heavy loads in a long string, mumbling songs, each in his native tongue, to keep up his fagged spirits, and the sun rays danced in misty vibrations from the parched earth. Suddenly the jungle ceased and we broke into the open veld. Four hundred yards away, coming in the opposite direction, was a herd of at least twenty elephants. They had evidently made a long Jour ney and were suffering from the in tense heat. Some of them were occu pied in thrusting their trunks into their mouths and drawing water from their stomachs. With this water they were sprinkling their sunburned backs. This is a habit that elephants always practice when they are over heated and cannot find the shade of a friendly forest. To me the sight of the approaching herd was welcome. I saw ivory which meant thousands of dollars to us if we could get in a few good shots. I ordered my caravan back into the un dergrowth. and, bringing up the shik arees, prepared for the slaughter, f loaded my nine millimeter Mauser with solid bullets for long shots. At 300 yards I opened Are and the leader, a fine bull, dropped in his tracks. The crack of my rifle threw the herd into consternation. They were not sure where the noise came from, and they as yet had not caught sight of us. After a little indecision they kept on the old route and marched toward us. A hundred yards nearer and I gave the nearest, another bull, my second shot. It went wild. He shrieked and threw his trembling head back and forth frantic with pain. I had evi dently given him a bad face wound. I fired again and must have missed. He saw me. and, trumpeting loudly, charged down on us, followed by the whole herd. I emptied my magazine into them with no effect. Nearer they came, their Ivory gleaming in the sun and the dust curling up in clouds be hind them. The ground vibrated like a beaten drum top under their thun derous charge. I saw a tusk-crested wave of mam moths sweeping down to destroy us. It was no time for inaction. The gun bearer handed me the 600 caliber ex press. At a hundred yards I gave the leader one barrel after the other. He fell, and those behind tumbled over him in a heap. For a moment the mad charge was broken. I thought we were out of danger, but another leader forged ahead and bore down on us. "Run!" I shrieked, and every man made for safety, excepting Nick, the coolest in the face of danger and always the last to run. I threw my self behind a tree, just escaping be ing crushed to death. A screech rose above the thunder of the hoofs and the next Instant I saw Nick hoisted into the air with a blood-stained tusk through his body. The infuriated mass swept past, leaving a red marked trail. I immediately set out on the spoor of the herd in hope of getting the body of the shikaree. Al though I searched till sundown I was unsuccessful. That night I heard the lions roar ing down toward the river. The next morning, with a few natives. I con tinued the search, in the direction that the lions’ roars came from dur ing the night. We soon sighted a flock of vultures, a sure sign of dead game. and. coming up with them, we found the chewed carcass of an ele phant and the scattered bones of a human being, among which I found Nick’s hunting knife and belt. The wounded elephant had carried him on his tusk till it fell exhausted through loss of blood, and died. It was one of the best Ivory hauls I ever made at one shooting and it was the saddest. Nick was a great shikaree. He pos sessed every attribute of manhood. He died like many a hunter has died. Nick was the twentieth native that I have lost on my various expeditions. It was in the same country that on a previous expedition a rhinoceros in vaded our camp and killed two native porters, wounding three and giving me a close call. (Copyright, 1909, by BenJ. B. Hampton.) Owned by the British Public. The value'of pictures in the British National Gallery is about $6,250,000. Spanish phrases that even the Indians there use, ‘my name is Innocente Je sus O’Rourke.' And he said It, with a brogue that, aside from his looks, was his sole ancestral inheritance." The Religious Life. A religious life is not a thing which spends itself like a bright bubble on the river’s surface. It is rather like the river Itself, which widens continu ally and Is never so broad or deep aa where it rolls into the ocean of EtdtN nity.—Beecher. RUSSIAN OFFICERS PARDONED. Lieut. Gen. Btoessel and Rear Admiral Nebogatoff Are Released from Prison. St. Petersburg.—Lieut. Gen. Anatole M. Stoessel and Rear Admiral Nebo gatoff have been released from con finement in the fortress of St. Peter and St. Paul by order of Einporor Nicholas. The health of both men' has been gravely affected by their confinement. Gen. Stoessel was found guilty by court-martial of surrendering the fort ress of Port Arthur to the Japanese and was serving a sentence of ten years. Nebogatoff was sentenced for the same length of time for surren dering to the enemy at the bat tle of the Sea of Japan. Stoessel be gan his sentence March 20, 1908, while Nebogatoff took up his quarters in the fortress April 15, 1907. Rear Admiral Gregorieff and Lieut. Smyrnoff, subordinate officers unde? Gen. Stoessel. Nebogatoff in the Russo-Japanese war, were pardoned and released from the fortress*of St. Peter and St. Paul a month ago. These officers had been sentenced to death for having sur rendered their commands, but in view of extenuating circumstances their sentences were commuted to ten years’ Imprisonment, which they be gan serving in 1907. During their stay in the fortress each prisoner had a large, bright, well warmed room. Before their window’s the fortress gardens stretch down to the Neva, beyond which stands the winter palace, once the winter home of that other prisoner who spends most of his time in Tsarkoe-Selo. In each room were a field bed. a large and a small table, a few chairs, a wardrobe and a washstand. The windows are covered with iron lat tice work. At eight o'clock in the morning the prisoners were served with tea and their newspapers were taken in. The sailor takes four news papers and is a keen follower of pol itics. The soldier scarcely manages to get through one journal. At one o'clock luncheon of meat and coup was served. The meal was not varied much, but the food was ex cellent. After luncheon the prison ers generally walked in the gardeus. At six dinner was served, a luht meal. At nine tea was served for the last time. The prisoners read as late into the night as they cared to. Twice a week visitors were admitted, the first day being confined to their wives. Twice a month the prisoners took a bath in the fortress bath and on great holi days they attended service In the famous fortress cathedral under a convoy of soldiers. « BULL TO PACE HORSES. The Animal Is a Four-Year-Old, Full- Blooded Jersey, and as Docile as an Old Cow. Boston. —A four-year-old full-blooded Jersey bull will pace to harness in the Four-Year-Old Bull, Which Is to Pace Against Horses. 2:30 class in Pennsylvania this year. The bull is owned by Dr. James G. Chaney, an old horseman, and John H. Ross of Waynesburg. These men discovered the bull when a year old in Maryland. At that time some boys were breaking him to harness, and several months later the animal was purchased and his training was con tinued. He paces to a track sulky in a two-minute harness, with bits and hopples, such as any light horse would have. He is docile as an old cow; ac cording to Mr. Ross, and for pastime he is ridden to saddle by thg He is the idol of children, who fre quently ride astride his back. The bull has done the half mile In 1:22. and his owners are cofldent he can do the mile in less than 2:30. He has wind as good as any horse, and Dr. Chaney and >lr. Ross are now making arrangements to match the bull against trotting horses as an exhibi tion. Women Pilot on Pacific Coast. Mrs. Gertrude Wiman of Portage, Wash., enjoys the unique distinction of being the only woman pilot of,the Pacific coast. From her earliest years she has been associated with steam boat life, and married a ship captain, who taught her the art of navigation. This had the somewhat unexpected effect of creating a desire to put her Knowledge to practical account. She presented herself, among many male applicants, to the United States in spectors for examination and passed with flying colors, receiving her pilot’s papers. Indeed, save in the respect of physical strength she qualified as well as any of the candidates, one of the examining board testifying that "she knows the sound as wall as any man." The Exceptional Equipment of the California Fig Syrup Co. and the scientific attainments of its chemists have rendered possible the production of Syrup of Figs and Elixir of Senna, in all of its excellence, by obtaining the pure medic inal principles of plants known to act most l>eneficially and combining them most skillfully, in the right proportions, with its wholesome and refreshing Syrup of California Figs. As there is only one genuine Syrup of Figs and Elixir of Senna and as the gen uine is manufactured by an original method known to the California Fig Syrup Co. only, it is always necessary to buy the genuine to get its beneficial effects. A knowledge of the above facts enables one to decline imitations or to return them if, upon viewing the package, the full name of the California Fig Syrup Co. is not found printed on the front thereof. WOMAN’S WORTH. Wifey—l see by this paper that a man in America sold his wife for a shilling. Hubby—Well, if she was a good one she was worth it. SEEMED APPROPRIATE TO HER Wife of Bick Man Thought She Had Reason for Appealing to Loco motive Works. One day last winter a feeble Irish woman called upon us for aid. The case sounded urgent, so I went with her at once. Everything was Just as she had stated. Her husband was very ill, she was too old and feeble to work, their children were dead, there was no fire and their only food was bread which their neighbors, al most as poor as they, had given them. I asked her why she had not come to us before and she replied that she had appealed to the church and to several individuals without success. "Thin," she went on, "Oi wint to th’ big place ’round the strate." The only “big place" near was a plant for the manufacture of steam engines, and I wondered. "But what made you go to the loco motive works?” I asked. "Well, ma’am, shure an’ ain’t me old man got locomotive taxes?”—New York Telegram. Who He Belonged To. A matron of the most determined character was encountered by a young woman reporter on a country paper, who was sent out to interview lead ing citizens as to their politics. "May I see Mr. ?" she asked of a stern looking woman who opened the door at one house. "No, you can’t,” an swered the matron, decisively. "But I want to know’ what party he belongs to," pleaded the girl. The woman drew up her tall figure. "Well, take a good look at me," she said, "I’m the party he belongs to!” Many Seekers of the Pole. Canada. Denmark, France, Ger many. England, Russia, Sweden and the United States were, in 1908, repre sented among the 12 expeditions which were struggling toward the pole. Eight leaders were veterans — Peary and Cook of the United States. Bernier of Canada. Erichsen and Ras mussen of Denmark. Charcot of France, Shackleton of England and Geer of Sweden. Hard to Handle. "How are you going to keep com plaints from arising among con sumers?" “I don’t know,” answered Mr. Dustiu Stax. "Consumers are mighty trouble some. Sometimes I think they take advantage of the fact that we can’t get along without ’em in our busi ness.” PRESSED HARD Coffee's Weight on Old Age. When prominent men realize the in jurious effects of coffee and the change in health that Postuni can bring, they are glad to lend their testimony for the benefit of others. 1 A superintendent of public schools in one of the southern states says: "My mother, since her early child hood, was on inveterate coffee drinker, had been troubled with her heart for a number of years and complained of that ‘weak all over’ feeling and sick stomach. "Some time ago I was making an offi cial visit to a distant part of the coun try and took dinner with one of the merchants of the place. I noticed a somewhat peculiar flavour of the cof fee, and asked him concerning it. He replied that it was postum. "I was so pleased with it, that after the meal w*as over. I bought a package to carry home with me. and had wife prepare some for the next meal. The w’hole family were so well pleased with it, that we discontinued coffee and used Postum entirely. "I had really been at times very anxious concerning my mother’s con dition, but we noticed that after using Postum for a short time, she felt so much better than she did prior to its use, and had little trouble with her heart and no sick stomach; that the headaches were not so frequent, and her general condition much improved. This continued until she was as well and hearty as the rest of us. "I know Postum has benefited my self and the other members of the family, but not in so marked a de gree as in the case of my mother, as she was a victim of long standing." Read, "The Road to Wellville,” ia pkgs. "There’s a Reason.” Ever read the above letter? A »*« oae appears fro as tlaie to tlase. They are Keaalae, tree, aad fall of haasaa latereat.