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WHO NOMINATES PARTY CANDIDATES Duluth Herald Explains Present Method Tracing Route From Caucus to Election. COUNTY CONVENTION MAY 13 Will Be Held in Bemidji and Com- posed of Delegates Elected in Towns May 7. STATE PRIMARY SYSTEM OLD Was Introduced in 1832 When First Political Assembly Was Held In Baltimore. The following article, taken from the Duluth Herald, is a clear exposi tion of the present method of nomi nating and electing public officials. It has been changed only where it applies locally: You ask the man on the street, '"How is the president elected "Easy," he says. 'The parties choose the candidates and the people vote on them." That's well enough as far as it goes, but if asked to go farther and explain the whole machinery of pobetween litical campaigns which end with the inauguration of a president every four years, nine out of ten men met on the streetperhaps 99 out of 100 would be stumped. As a matter of fact the people don't vote on the candidate for presi dent or vice-president. They vote i presidential electors, who vote on ihe candidates. Such a thing as presi dential electors voting for some can didate other than the one they are chosen to support is possibleal though very improbable. The presidential campaign really opens with the conventions nominat ing the candidates in the preceding campaign. The state delegations at the national conventions name their national committeemen and the con ventions choose the chairmen of the national committee. The committees are charged with the duty of con ducting the preliminaries to the nom ination of the candidates at the next election. There is no lawwritten or undency writtento determine when a can didate for a nomination may an nounce his candidacy or begin to work. Usually candidates begin th?ir work in the year preceding the elec tion. They name managers, who op en headquarters, get organizations to work in the different states and flood the country with literature extolling the virtues and qualifications of the candidates they represent. The procedure is about as follows* The Procedure. The chairman of the national com mittee calls the committee together some time early in the election ye"r to fix the date and place for the na tional convention and to fix the basis of representation. This year the lie publicaon national convention will be held in Chicago June 18 and thethe Democratic convention at Baltimor June 25. The standard basis of rep resentation is two delegates for each congressman and senator and foar delegates at large from each state. The Republican convention will have 1,078 delegates this year, and a ma jority, or 540, will be necessary to nominate. The Democratic conven tion will have 1,094 delegates ana two-thirds, or 730, will be necessary to nominate. The difference in '.helitical number of delegates is due to the fact that the Democratic convention will have six delegates each from Alaska, the District of Columbia, the Philip pines and Porto Rico, while the Re publicans will have but two from each territory. After the natonal committee has determined the time and place of the convention and the basis of repreren tation, the state central committes of the party meets and takes similar ac tion for the state. The time and place for the state convention to choose delegates is fixed and the basis of representation determined. The basis of representation varies with the state?-and parties. State Conventions. The Republican state convention in Minnesota will be held at Minneapo lis May 16. The basis of representa. tion is one delegate for each 250 votes, or major fraction thereof, of the average vote on the first savt,n candidates on the Republican ^.ta-te ticket in 1910 and five delegates ai. large from each county., The Democratic state ..convention will be held at Duluth June 6. The basis of representation is one delegate for each 125 votes or major fraction of that number, cast for W. J. Bryan in 190S, and two delegates at large from each county. Each party convention in Minneso ta this year will choose six delegates at large. The last census gave Mln nesota an extra congressman, and the state not yet having been reappor tioned, the congressman will be elect ed at large. Consequently the two delegates allotted for the extra con gressman will be chosen at large. The state committee fixes the dates for the congressional and county con ventions. Separate congressional conventions to choose the district .1- egates from each district are held by the Republican party in Minnesota. They will be held May 15. The Ninth district convention will be at Thief River Falls. The Democratic party in Minnesota elects no separate dole gates to district conventions, the de'- egates from each district to the state convention holding a convention in the state convention city, on the day the state meeting is held. County Conventions. The county committees issue the call for the county conventions pnd precinct caucuses. Republican coun ty conventions in Minnesota will be held May 13 and precinct caucuses in Beltrami county May 7. Democrats county conventions will be held !Vay 29 and precinct caucuses May 25. The procedure at precinct caucus es is prescribed by statute in Minne sota. The caucuses are held at the regular polling places. The precinct chairman or any voter of the parfy may call the caucus to order and a chairman, secretary and two judges of election are chosen by the assem bled voters. The polls may be open 2 and 9 p. m. and must be open for at least one hour. Voto-is who have been affiliated with the pnr ty by voting at the last general elec tion may vote. Any voter may be challenged and must take an oath ad ministered by the chairman if ne should be challenged. Voting at the caucuses is by bal lot, each precinct electing delegates to the county convention. The coun ty convention elects delegates to theLeague state and district conventions. The state convention, in addition to electing delegates to the national convention, nominates the presiden tial electors. After the general election the pres idential electors meet on an appoint ed day, cast their ballots for presi dent and vice-president, and send them sealed to the president at Wash ington. The president opens the bil lots- in the presence of the members of the senate and house and declares his successor elected. In case no candidate for the presi has a majority, the members of congress may elect the president. Each state representation must vote as a unit and a majority of all the states serve to elect. Three candi dates must be voted upon ,if such a contingency should arise. If no candidate for the vice-presi dency is elected at the election, the members of the senate, each having a vote, elect the vice-president, voting on two. The one having the major ity is declared elected. A man to be eligible to the presi dency must be a native born citizen of the United States, at least thirty five years old, and a resident within the United States at least fourteen years. A child born of representa tive American citizens abroad is con sidered a native born citizen, while a child of foreign parents, residing in United States as official represen tatives of another nation, is not a na tive born citizen. Direct Primaries. The present system of preliminaries to elections is undergoing a change, direct primaries on delegates to the national conventions being in opera tion in several states. The system which is still used in Minnesota has endured since 1832, when the first po conventions were held. Three conventions were held that year in Baltimore. From 1796 to 1800, there wero no parties and candidates for president and vice-president were informal. The presidential electors were chosen by the legislatures of the states. The first party nominations were made in 1800 and were by the repre sentatives of the parties in congress. At that time the man receiving the highest vote of the electors was de clared president and the man receiv ing the next highest was the vice president. The twelfth amendment to the Constitution, providing for the separate election of president and vice-president, was adopted in 1S04. The choice of presidential electois was gradually turned from the legis latures to the people until in 1828 on ly one state chose its electors in that manner. In 1832 the first delegate convention was held. The political platform dates from 1832 when a second Whig convention at Washington adopted a declaration of principles.* ,.^fV Beltrami county voters will vote this year on the following officers Presidential electors, United States ATHLETICS The box score of Ameri can Association games will bo posted on tho Pioneer bulletin board, corner Fourth and Beltrami, eaoh day as fast as they come In by telegraph. Win Slug Fest. Yesterday afternoon the Bemidji Independents defeated Nymore- by a score of 38 to 5. Earle Riley pitched the entire game for Bemidji and made thirteen strikeouts. Smiley and Sparks pitched for Nymore. The Be midji lineup was as follows: Mye/s, Riley p, Tanner ss, Graham lb, Baker 2b, Murphy 3b, Graham, Dai ley, Malone and Plummer fielders. Corahusker Dates Out. Lincoln, Neb., April 29.The Uni versity of Nebraska football schedule was given out tonight. It has one open date, Oct. 26, which may be filled with a game with Utah or Tex as. The schedule follows: Oct. 5Bellevue at Lincoln. Oct. 15Kansas Aggies at Lincoln. Oct. 17Minnesota at Minneapolis Oct. 26Open date. Nov. 2Missouri at Columbia. Nov. 9Doane at Lincoln. Nov. 16Kansas at Lincoln. Nov. 25Oklahoma at Lincoln. 3e8s^$s$^3sssse BASEBALL NOTES. S$Se$SsSSeeeee It was up to Pitcher Marty O'Toole to put the Pirates in the win column and the "$22,500 beauty" turned the trick with a few fancy benders and a smile. Right Fielder Miller, of the Terre Haute Central league team, is from Hillsville, Va:, and the bugs have named him Sidna in honor of the great outlaw. Kids in school have the sympathy of the Giants. When the National Champs fail to deliver the goods, McGraw keeps the team on the field after the regular game, and com pels them to go through -anhour|s practice. senator, three justices of the supreme court, a congressman-at-large, gover nor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, attorney gen eral, two railroad and warehouse COJU missioners, congressman, representa tives in the state house of represen tatives, county auditor, treasurer, register of deeds, sheriff, attorney, judge of probate, surveyor, coroner, clerk of court, superintendent of school and two county commission ers. S^:Tf-".- FILE HARVESTER SUIT. Minneapolis,. April 29.(Special' Pioneer wire service at 4 p. m.)It has just been announced here that Attorney General Wickersham will file a suit tomorrow in the United States court at Minneapolis for a dis solution of the Harvester trust under the Sherman anti-trust aet.- Dog's Servlcei^^jcognl, A silver collar, suitably engraved, was sent to an Irish dog, the other day, ffhich rendered valuable assist ance at the wreck of a Hull-owned steam trawler on the Irish coast. The presentation was made by the Hull un derwriters of the ship. Worked at Typewriter In Air. An Interesting experiment was made at the Pau, Northern France, aero drome not long ago, when a typist taken up together with his machine, wrote his impressions in the air at a height of 1,500 feet: How the 11 1 Fated Titanic May Have Been Ripped Open by a Submerged Iceberg. /"The larger picture to a combination photograph and drawing showing how the HI fated Titanic may have re-, ceived the blow that sent ber to the bottom of the Atlantic. The artist's idea is based on the opinions of experts, who declare that the liner must have been rammed by a submerged iceberg, or growler, as they anLcalltA. 3*a liwert* show how steamthlp* lewk when caught tn grt fields of Ics.^ NO PLACE TO LAND Gophers to Invade East. Minneapolis, April 29On Friday, May 10, the Minnesota tennis team will start on its second invasion of the eastern courts. The remarkable and almost unexpected success achieved by Adams and Armstrong last year has-been given the univer sity authorities an incentive to try again. Seiforde Stellwagen, who replaces Adams on this year's team, is one of the youngest of Minneapolis' experts, and his rise up the tennis ladder has been rapidly accomplished. Arm strong is much more experienced, having won the Minnesota title in honors at Des Moines. Gerlinger Has Best Average. Charles Gerlinger has the best av erage during his High school career |of the senior class, but as he has net heen in the Bemidji schools long enough he cannot be validictorian. His average was 87.81. Leopoldine Bauscher has the second best average so will be the valedictorian for this years. Her average was 83.56. Miss Dorothy Torrance is salutatorian with an average of 82.72. n^t^jmsi singles and doubles, and thestri-state^ band .concert i be given in the city hall tomorrow evening. Mr. Bsrg will sing "King of the Forest Ami," and Mr. Remfrey will play a selec tion from II Trovatore on the violin. This will be the last concert to be given indoors as if the weather warms sufficiently the May concert will probably be played in the band stand on the city dock. It will also mark the first appearance of the band with Mr. Rrantfrey as director. Dancing will follow the concert. The following program has been arranged: March... The Outlook... Jewell Selection... Maritana Wallace WaltzSpanish Silhouettes.. Pomeroy Solo.,. King of the Forest Am I Mr. Sherman Berg SelectionThe Motor Girl.. Edwards MarchJoyce's 71st N. Y. Regi ment. Solo II Trovatore Mr. Alden Remfrey MarchAphrodite... i Althouse TWO SOLOISTSTOMORROW Will Furnish Extra Numbers at the Band Concert to Be Given Tues day Evening. INFORMAL DANCING TO FOLLOW Mr. Sherman Berg and Mrs. Ald Remfrey, will -be. the soloists at the 6. 7. Hamline Hopes Boosted. Hamline's success in the opening game of the college season against Macalester last Thursday afternoon gave baseball stock a considerable boost at the Midway institution and the students are already predicting another championship. Hamline won the state title last year from Maca lester by a close margin, and should the fight for this year's pennant nar row down to Hamline and Macales ter, the Methodists will have to puttrial everything they have into the scrap, as the Macs are anxious to even up for last year. With one game for the state cham pionship safely tucked away, .the Hamline warriors will try to annex a second in their fight with the Carle ton team, which will take place to morrow afternoon "on Norton field. Very little is known of the strength of the down-state team as they nave not met any high-calibered organiza tions this spring. Practically the en tire lineup used last season is back in school and undoubtedly a strong team has been developed. The lineup for Hamline tomorrow will be theable same as that of last Thursday unless Coach Baird elects to send Davy in to start the mound work. In that event Wickham will go to centerfield and Lienke to right, Lokke taking up the work behind the bat. g&igrlf&SO .an?. ..,-Jplf -movement Contestants Tell About it. Hff A. Simons "and Miss Cathrya McGregor this morning told the High school students of their trip* to Park Rapids .Friday. Mr. Simons thinks that Mj*. Ripple deserved second place as he had never spoken better. After the Bemidji contestants had been heard the audience broke forth In. ap plause although they had been warned not to. M. E. CONFERENCE OPENS WEDNESDAY To Hold Session at Minneapolis Which Will Continue Through Month of May. MEMEBRSHIP IS 3 1-2 MILLIONS Question of Dancing, Cards, Theaters and Other Forms of Amusements Will Come Up. PROPERTY VALUED $183,542,603 Sunday School and Epworth League Membership Numbers Over 4,000,000. The general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church op ens at Minneapolis next Wednesday. The session will continue throughout the entire month of May. To show the scope of the work done by this denomination, the following has been gathered by a Methodist journal. The Methodist Episcopal church has: A membership of 3,234,988, 18,938 ministers, 30,398 churches and 163 conferences. Total membership of the Methodist family of churches in America is 7,- 409,763, and representing a consti tuency of not less than 25,000,000. The largest publishing house in the world, doing an annual business of about $3,000,000. A board of foreign missions that has disbursed during its life the sum of $46,485,957.17. Last year it raised $1,072,997. Foreign mission fields manned by 1,096 missionaries, operating twenty two printing presses, with 340,893 church members, 336,455 Sunday school scholars and 82,898 students in educational institutions. A woman's home missionary so ciety with 119,130 members, pub lishing periodical literature with a circulation of 60,047. Money rai3*d last year amounted to $701,217. A woman's foreign missionary so ciety with 186,114 members and an nual cash receipts well over $900.- 000. Since its organization this so ciety has disbursed $12,280,874. Educational institutions, at home and abroad, to the number of 360, with property worth over $54,000,- 000, giving instruction to over 75,- 000 students. Sunday schools numbering 35,4-5 having a staff of 374,881 teachers and officers and an enrollment of more than 3,500,000 scholars. An Epworth league having 14,075 having a staff of 374,881 teachers and officers and an enrollment of more than 3,500,0*00 scholars. Church property valued at $183,- 542,603 parsonage property worth $32,747,834. A board of home missions and church extension having $1,500,000 in the loan fund. Collections for 1911, $886,065.86. Amusement Rule an Issue. Contrary to a general impression, there is no specific rule of the church against any form of amusement. Bat In the rule providing for the trials of members, the principle is laid down that a member shall be brought to as follows: "In cases of neglect of duties of any kind imprudent conduct in dulging sinful tempers or words ihe buying, selling, or using intoxicating liquors as a beverage signing peti tions in favor of granting licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors be coming bondsmen for persons en gaged in such traffic, or renting property as a place in or on which to manufacture or sell intoxicating liq uors dancing playing at games of chance attending theaters, hone races, circuses, dancing schools, or taking such other amusements as are obviously of misleading or question moral tendency or disobedienca to the order and discipline of the, church." Ali*5 Change MayJBe j3 t: i:s# MaillT^r^ It is this rule which many have sought to change, in preceding gen eral conference, but each time the" has failed. Those who seek to change it wish to go back to first principles of the church, when no form of amusement was specificali placed under the ban, but it was lc-fCjpgg to the individual conscience to deter-* mine whether the member was par ticipating in amusement which could be participated in in the name of, Christ. Advocates of the change de-*ft dare the rule a source of irritation' ^30 *"V^TSJ S $ sV^lsf^fiv&S. -F