Brownsville herald. [volume], April 28, 1929, SOCIETY, Page TWO, Image 16

About Brownsville herald. [volume] (Brownsville, Tex.) 1910-current

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MEXICO LOSES
(Continued from page one.)
lions, it is the more difficult to ar
rive at a figure on the total loss
sustained by this continuous condi
tion of unrest, with nothing to guide
the economist to estimate how much
might have been produced had
peace and tranquility prevailed dur
ing these 19 years. It is, however,
safe to state that the financial cost
to the country, including lost invest
ments and revenue, mounts into
ijr»any millions of pesos, if not bil
, .nons.
Madero Revolt
Taken one by one, these periods
of upheaval are enumerated in the
following manner:
1. Francisco I. Madero, the spirit
ualist and idealist, headed the first
insurrection launched, with a bare
handful of 25 men. on November 20
in the state of Chihuahua against
the powerful Diaz. The prevailing
months Francisco Leon de la Barra
occupied the provisional presidency
until this position, that has been
the fatal lure of so many since that
date, was assumed by Madero, Chi
huahua, the battleground of this
movement, has since then, even up
to the present date, been the scene
of decisive engagements. Many
ether places have witnessed decisive
battles of one or another faction.
Strategically located towns have
been rebuilt to be destroyed by ar^
tillery fire a few years later, not
onoe but several times.
2. A revolutionary movement
broke out in Lower California, Vera
Cruz. Coahuila and Chihuahua, as
result of a manifesto issued by the
Mexican Liberal Partv and signed at
Los Angeles. Cal., by Ricardo Kores
Magon. leader of the movement,
failed three months later in Chi
huahua when its principal leaders
I defeated and captured (1910
Years of T'nrest
; ? fifteen days later Madero was
able to stamp out a movement
against him that was known as the
“agrarian and social” movement,
headed by Andres Molina Enrique
and Alfredo Robles Dominguez, the
latter late a presidential candidate.
This rebellion started and ended
during 1911. .
4 The -ear 1912 was one of per- i
•' petual unrest for Madero. First |
* nen Pascual Orozco, who had been j
; nresident’s trusted lieutenant
< and one of the original 25 who dared
onoo'e Porfirio Diaz, became dis
« satisfied with the way things were
i 1 being rin and in the northern sec
* tion of the republic raised an army
1 and started to march against Ma
t drro in Mexico City, but although
< orozco was a natural military lead
< er and was in a great measure re
1 gnonsible for the overthrow of Diaz.
he met his Waterloo a few months
* afterwards at Bachimba Pass in the
1 state 0f chihuahua when his army
* ^;as dispersed by Victoriano Huerta.
1 tv-incipal general of the army at the
time who had served under Diaz.
< in fact had commanded the escort j
1 that conveyed Diaz to Vera Cruz en
' rpute to exile. Gen. Jose Gon
zales Salas, Madcro’s secretary of
* war was so unsuccessful against
Orozco that he committed suicide.
\ In less than three months Orozoco’s
efforts ended in his death in an am
bush near El Paso.
Short Reyes Rebellion
^5 Gen. Bernardo Reyes, war sec
retary of Porfirio Dfaz, headed an
| abortive, short-lived rebellion which
1 | he started in the state of Nuevo
| * Leon. He was defeated and cap
| . tured and brought to Mexico City.
I 6. Almost at the same time, Gen.
I Felix Diaz took the port of Vera
I Cruz by surprise and started to
I ward Mexico City with intent of
■ freeing Reyes and running Madero
■ out of the country. But he met
with failure within two weeks and
"■ instead of freeing Reyes, Felix
K _ .
Diaz was locked up In the same
jail with him.
7. It was in 1912 that Emiliano
Zapata commenced his movement
in the state of Morelos against first
one and then another government.
The ‘‘Attila of the South,” as he
was known, harassed the central
government with his wide-brim
hatted hordes of Zapatistas for
eight years until he and his broth
er were trapped and killed.
8. The shortest rebellion of all,
but the most sanguinary, for the
brief 10 days that it lasted, and
the only one launched in Mexico
City, was when Gens. Felix Diaz,
Bernardo Reyes and Manuel Mon
dragon executed a military coup
February 9, 1913 and a fierce strug
gle began to be waged in the streets
of Mexico City. i
“Tragic 10 Days
Many hundred soldiers were kill
ed, as were civilians, as the rebels
used artillery against Madero’s
army commanded by Gen. Victor
iano Huerta, who, however, aban
doned the president after the first
few days and took over the su
preme command of the rebels. The
fighting lasted 10 days and has
gone down in history as ‘‘the
tragic 10 days.” Mexico City was
badly battered and scarred, its
streets strewn with dead. Madero
and Vice President Pino Suarez
(which office was abolished after
that) were dead, as was Bernardo
Reyes and Gustavo Madero, the
president's brother and a cabinet
minister. The Huerta coup ended :
the influence of the Madero fam
ily, only one brother. Raul Madero
of the 10 or so that had all played
a leading part in politics is still
active in Mexico and joined the
Aguirre-Escobar movement against
President Portes Gil. Victoriano
Huerta, who has gone down in his
tory as "the usurper,” was elected
to the presidency and died within
three years in exile in El Paso.
9. Hardly had Huerta seated him
self in the presidential chair when
Venustiano Carranza launched a
movement to unseat him. For over
a year Huerta fought a gradually
losing fight, w’ith the support of
the United States thrown toward
Carranza. Chaos and ruin existed
throughout Mexico when this sec
dnd ‘ dictator,” as Huerta was call
ed, was forced to leave on a for
eign warship from Vera Cruz and
Carranza became head of the gov
ernment.
Villa Campaign
10. Gen. Francisco Villa, since
the leading part as bandit and war
rior he had previously played in
most of the armed movements, had
become a general of division in j
the army, decided to disagree with
Carranza and was so successful at
one time that he split the country,
in two and at one time during the
four years his campaign against
Carranza lasted, controlled more
than half of the country. Alvaro
Obregon was Carranza’s military
mentor and greatest battles of the
19-year period were fought be
tween Villa and Obregon at Tor
reon and Celaya. The Villa move
ment last until 1919, when a peace
treaty was signed, .but Villa died
in ambush several years later. It
was during this period that statis
ticians estimate 100,000 of the total
of 200,000 killed by these 19 rebel
lions were mowed down, while the
republic sank from one chaotic
condition to a worse one.
11. Hardly had Villa been elim
inated when Felix Diaz's ambitions
kindled again and wTith the rem
nants of the Huerta militarists In
cluding Gen. Aurelio Blanquet,
Huerta’s war secretary, started a
rebellion in Vera Cruz. Diaz gave
up his aspiration to govern Mex
ico as a bad job and left the coun
i try and so far as is known has
sunk into oblivion in New Orleans.
Blanquet, who was reported to have
participated in the execution of
Emperor Maximilian when a lieu
tenant, fell off a cliff and killed
himself when pursued in Vera Cruz
by forces of Gen. Guadalupe San
chez.
Carranza Overthrown
12. It took Generals Alvaro Ob
| regon and Plutarco Calles two
weeks to overthrow Carranza in
May, 1920. There were only two
battles. Carranza was killed at
I Tlaxcalaltpngo in the state of Pu
l ebla.
13. Gen. Pablo Gonzales tried to
slip into the presidential chair
ahead of Obregon in the same year,
sort of during the interval of the
death of Carranza and the election
of General Obregon, and rose in
arms at Monterrey, Nuevo Leon,
against the central government in
Mexico City when Adolfe de la
Huerta w*e provisional president.
He was captured and expelled and
has joined the rank and file of ex
iles in the United States.
14. Gen. Manuel Pelez operat
ing in the rich oil field of Tampico
gave up the rebel attitude he had
assumed for six months against
Carranza when Obregon gained
control of the country and retired
from politics.
15. in 1921 Gen. Francisco Mur
guia tried to start a rebellion
against President Obregon but was
caught and executed in Durango.
U. S. Supports Obregon
16. In 1923 Adolfo de la Huerta,
Obregon’s minister of finance, aided
by Gen. Guadalupe Sanchez lead
the most serious rebellion since the
VillR movement and for three
months it was an even fight be
tween the rebels who had launched
M"ir movement in Vera Cruz,
t^ken the port a ad in the west in
Me state rf Jalisco where Gen.
Errimie Estrada, former Obregon
rocrete.ry cf war was attempting to
City from the west.
? cv-rgon in person took
The movement broke
TJ”st t7ro months after the Unit
ed St-Ms had extended recognition
, a Mexican goi’ernment after a
loose of seven years and Washing
ton threw its sunport towards Ob
reeon in all wavs as it has done in
Me latest rebei’inn against Presi
dent Portes Gil. After three
months the tide turned in favor of
the Obregon administration and
such rebel leaders as were not
caught and executed fled from th»
country, among them the thre»
leaders, de la Huerta, Sanchez and
Estrada, the first and last now liv
ing in California, and Sanchez be
lieved to be in Cuba. General
Calles became president in 1924 in
the first peaceful election Mexico
had had in many years, since the
days of Porfirio Diaz when the
Dower was transferred in a routine
matter from one period for the dlc
tator to another. Obregon became
idents ”Mexlcos rare “former pres
Pre-Election Revolt
.Wi,thAthe approach of presi
dential elections in 1928 again and
Obregon a candidate opposed bv
Generais Francisco R. Serrano and
Arnulfo R. Gomez. the former his
secretary of war at one time, they
charged with prematurely
seeking to gain power by bullets in
stead of ballots. This was in Oc
tober. 1927. and Serrano was killed
ror his efforts, while Gomez, sec
onded by a number of generals
field out in the state of Vera Cruz
for about a month until he was run
dowp and captured by Gen. Jose
Gonzalo Escobar, then a faithful
officer oi the army, and executed.
19. General Escobar became
rebel commander in chief against
President Portes Gil in the last
and nineteenth of this series of
armed actions so that the hopes of
the existing "revolutionary govern
ment” which originated with the
Obregon administration, that the
desired emancipation of the country
become realized.
The religious rebellion or "cris
tero” movement—followers of Christ
—who in small bands took up arms
against the administration of Pres
ident Calles and continued it
against Portes Gil might perhaps
be classed as a twentieth revolution,
but it is a dis^ganized roving
movement c. scattered groups with
out an apparent supreme leader.
VALLEY
(Continued from page one.)
apartments and office structures in
excess of requirements. Building
permit totals, it is true, showed a
gain of 12 per cent in March over
the like month a year ago but
analysis of the returns shows that
this was accounted for entirely by
the Manhattan borough of New
York City where a large number of
permits was filed to escape im
pending legal restriction^
"With New York’s total deducted
there was a decrease of 16.1 per
cent from a year ago. while the
quarter’s total for all cities, New
York included, revealed a drop of
3.7 per cent. This reduction in
the value of new building found re
flection in sluggish markets for
building materials, notably com
mon brick. Lumber production was
below orders, chiefly owing to the
low level of forest and mill opera
tions in the early part of the year.
"An attempt by petroleum pro
ducers to reduce the over-produc
tion of crude oil by means of inter
national restrictive agreement was
barred by an opinion by the federal
attorney general holding that such
an agreement might prove a viola
tion of the aati-trust laws.
“Oklahoma producers, however,
managed to cut down the output
within their state to a certain ex
tent. The country’s production of
petroleum in February was at the
highest rate on record and the first
two months of the year showed an
increase of 11.7 per cent over a
year ago, while consumption in
creased 13 per cent. Gasoline pro
duction and consumption gained
19.6 per cent and 7.5 per cent re
-*■————————■»—■
spectively over the first two months
of last year.
•'Some other unfovarable items
may be briefly mentioned, these in
cluding reports that the rise in
copper prices had affected sales of
electrical apparatus, that some of
the gain in unfilled steel orders
was due to duplications of orders
by consumers and that stocks of
automobiles in manufactures’ and
dealers’ hands were much larger
than a year ago.
“The crop situation was very un
certain. Winter wheat came
through the cold season in better
condition than had been expected,
and the large stocks of wheat re
maining from last year’s crop, with
the reduced level of exports, appar
ently poined to a smaller acreage
of spring wheat to be planted this
year.
“On the other hand, recent re
ports from Europe of adverse wea
ther conditions may indicate a de
cline in the 1929 European wheat
crop and consequently better de
mand for our grain. Cotton plant
ing has been delayed by wet wea
ther and the area to be planted is
in doubt. A reduction in the acre
age planted east of the Mississippi
seemed likely, the southeastern
states having suffered severely
from heavy rainalls and floods
while the poor returns from the
I 1928 crop left many farmers un
able to undertake the financing of
the new one.
“The general level of commodity
prices declined slightly in March
despite a sharp gain in the metals
group, led by copper. Decreases
were exhibited by most of the farm
products, except in live stock, and
by leather, naval stores and rubber.
Wheat prices in March and early
April went down close to the low
est of the season.
“Sales of mail order houses in
March showed a gain of 27.8 per
cent over the like month a year
ago and there was an* increase of
25.1 per cent for the first quar
ter. Chain store sales rose 28.5 per
cent in March and 26.2 per cent in
the first three months of the year.
Sales of the two groups of retail
distributors combined showed an
increase of 28.2 per cent in March
and of 25.9 per cent for the first
quarter.
“Freight car loadings on the Class
1 railroads for the three months’
period were three per cent larger
than a year ago but 3.2 per cent
below the like period of 1S27, de
clines being shown in the move
ment of coal, merchandise, forest
products, ore and live stofck.”
VALLEYSEEKS
(Continued from Page One.)
was taken into consideration or was
to be considered in this survey, and
we beg to call your attention to the
fact that the citrus development of
the Lower Rio Grande Valley of
Texas is now coming to be quite
a factor in the citrus fruit deal, and
will become increasingly so in the
next few years. There has been
some effort, made to export Texas
grapefruit, and same has met with
very favorable acceptance in foreign
countries, and we believe that this
outlet will be increasingly valuable
to the shippers of citrus fruit from
this section: and that in the ap
pointment of any director of the
export business for citrus fruit,
this section should be taken into
consideration, as well as Florida
and California.
"We wjjl be pleased to have you
give this matter careful consider
ation advising what your position
may be in reference to it.’’
BIG STATION
(Continued From Page One)
have met with the approval of
many of the Valley’s most success
ful and prominent men. This board
includes R. B. Creager, John Gregg,
W. S. West, Brownsville; Judge J.
C. Myiick, A. B. Waldron, Wills J.
Carter, Wimberly McLeod, Harlin
gen; John T. Lomax. F. C. Ludden,
San Benito: W. A. Harding. Ray
mondville; A1 Parker, La Feria; H.
B. Seay, Mercedes; C. O. Sheldon,
C. L. Skaggs, Donna; E. C. Couch,
Weslaco: C. H. Swallow, Alamo;
Dr. F. E. Osborne, McAllen; J. C.
Engelman, Jr., Edinburg.”
Mr. Paxton declared that the
present radio programs were to be
financed through public subscrip
tion. The association has issued a
call for enough money to carry
through the thirteen weeks’ WLW
schedule so that the present cam
paign can continue while the asso
ciation is working out a definite
plan for financing the permanent
advertising budget.
“Many of us are not only devot
ing money but time in order to
aid in the completion of a perma
nent Valley advertising body,” Mr.
Paxton said. “All public-spirited
citizens who wish to aid in this
high commendable project with
contributions may do so by mailing
their checks to the Citizens’ State
Bank at Donna, depository of the
temporary organization.”
PLANTINGrIS
(Continued from page one.)
state colleges and departments ot
agriculture in its membership. The
other is a committee of growers,
dealers, extension officials, and rep
resentatives of departments of ag
riculture in Maryland, Virginia and
North Carolina, known as the In
terstate Early Potato Committee.
The efforts of this committee, of
which representatives of the Unit
ed States department of agriculture
are members, will be directed to
ward better adjustment of produc
tion to demand in the three states,
and coordinated distribution of the
crop.
“Farmers’ cooperatives,” Mr. Mc
Kay concludes, “should use their
influence to discourage promotional
schemes which, in many sections,
have resulted in large, new plant
ings of fruit and vegetable crops
and long periods of low prices.”
(Special to The Herald.)
AUSTIN. April 27.—Lieutenant
Governor Barry Miller will deliver
the commencement address at St.
Edward’s university on the after
noon of Sunday, June 2, the Rev.
Dr. Joseph Burke, C. S. C., presi
dent of St. Edwards, has an
nounced.
For Health — a Doctor B
For Business — This Bank \
When you are sick, you seek your doctor. When you have business and '
financial problems it is common sense to see your banker. *
This bank not only has the facilities and wide experience to offer a I s
superior service to business, nut it is moved by a sincere desire to be I
helpful, to see your problems from your point of view.
State J
tionat Bank
OWNSVILLE |
MEMBER I
'RESERVE . 11
u ■
f *
HOOVER HITS AT DEBENTURE CLAUSE IN FARM BILL
IF THE PLAN WORKED »
CANADIAN STOCK GROWERS A GENERAL INCREASE
WOULD BE ABLE TO PUR- IN TAXES WOULD BE.
Senator CJMXHES CHASE AMERICAN CORNFOR NECESSARY TO MEET .j-n7,r<r
~££co£r%JS)T LESS THAN WHAT AMERICAN THE £200,000,000
^ ^vtc jw^x. FARMERS WOULD PAT* ANNUAL COST * rJLBQS.
President Hoover's critical letter on the National Grange's debenture plan of farm relief has led leaders
in both houses of congress to predict the passage of the $500,000,000 co-operative marketing bill without
the clause in question. The president outlined his objections to the export debenture plan in a letter ad
dressed to Senator Charles I* McNary, chairman of the senate agriculture committee. President Hoover
and McNary are shown above, with Louis J. Tabor, master of the National Grange, who advanced the plan.
Some of the Hoover objections are illustrated.
You Will Keenly Enjoy Your Home
in
LOS EBANOS
- (THE EBONIES)'
a y
grime of the city—and still only, a five minute drive to
downtown Brownsville. A cool, verdant residential j
section of desirable people — and within easy walk
ing distance of the Brownsville school system and 0
various churches. The natural beauties of this wood
ed section have been enhanced by skilled landscap
ing, architectural engineering nnd -rinding paved
drives.
\
v
SANITARY, SEWERS I
r! TELEPHONES I
NATURAL GAS i *
STREET LIGHTS
PAVED STREETS j
CITY WATER 9
* ELECTRICITY ^
STORM SEWERS j
y
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