TO COMPLI
N0T ALLOW BREAK WMT
SAM OVER ANCONA
l ~ SATISFY DEMANDO
ons Close to Official Represents
ves of Teutons in Washingto
4r Issue Will be Settled Satisfa
toriy to Requests of United State
-No-Desire to Break.
Unofficial information has reach.
ed Washington that the Austrian
gwamnment not only recognizes
the gravity of the issue created by
e sinkin of the Ancona, but will
endeavor to avoid a rupture with
this government, and that Berlim
is endeavoring to persuade the
Vienna government to adjust the
difficulty.
A dispatch from Vienna received i
Geneva by way of Buchs, Switze
land, and sent to Paris Wednesda:
states-that President Wilson's no1
to Austria regarding the Ancona il
cident has produced a profound ir
prealon in government and politic
circles. The note is said to be repr
sented by a minority.
It is generally believed in Vienn
ays the dispatch, that Austria wi
give satisfaction and will pay an ii
demnty, especially as she has larl
interests in America. Baron vc
Burian, the Austrian foreign mini
ter, -has called a special council 1
discuss the matter.
Baron Erich Zwiedinek, the Au
trianipharge, spent forty-five minut
at the state department Lu ,onfereno
with Secretary Lansing over the Ai
cona case., The conference was he]
under an appointment sought I
Baron Zwiedinek.
At its close neither participai
Would comment on what took plae
It was made plain in state depar
ment circles, however, that nothiz
as discussed but the Ancona cas
'report that Baron Zwiedinek h
'asked for hfs passports was official
denied and regret was expressed tM
s'ab .a rumor should gain currenc
A In quarters-elow -to the Germs
amiAuslta=n embassies tl ere Is e,
dent congdence.7tstthe Ancona i
s- e w ?be., sats actr.-beadiuste
n that there . be, o, break
ettanubiggen the two countrie
In a ti~t~iieret diplomatic qua
tjggestin was made that t]
Austrog-ngnlan government pro:
'AyW4loud -respond to the Americs
a~iwdswth an explanation 'that
-a-hb i ertnommander who sax
Ancona shelled the vessel after
utopped; following a chase by t]
he had exceeded b
' s-t~j (ta and that on: such -a bas
- 4iene government would dl
vowthe'act, puni'h thp commande
-odinai&Wisuttatia reparation for t]
'Yees ot Americans lost.
SIn-the snse quarter it was iun
that th3 Fienna governme:
-"41gkt,ftit -difficult to say that t]
~iebMar~ne:.commander had disobey4
-sbecause so orders had bef
-covering, the rule of condu
A* obsere 'wthb respect to t]
of merchant vessels aft
tshad- been stopped, but the
_sines- there. waa nothing in the i
str- uctions given. to fustrian subm
Sineedmanders that. would. perm
Manr f heto make suach an attack after
ammat~~e had stopped, the act- could 1
''-:disailowed as having been made 1
an ottcer exceeding his- Instruction
acS h t nswer-that is, one que
iled iirith an~ "lf"-would be disa
pointing tothe Un~ited States gover
>- nent. According to the unoffici:
informnan reaching Washington,
appears to be the idea that such
response by the Vienna governmei
- would-be calculated to open an og
oruiyfor, discussion between ti
two governments over the facts an
th~ avert an actital break in rel
In any event, it is asserted
qdarters close to th~e embassies<
the Teutonic allies, the Austrian go'
ernent will not break relations wit
the -Uniter States ann will endeav<
to make a satisfactory answer to ti
American note, and If there Is a ruj
ture the responsibility will rest upc
PIEDICS RUSSIAN ADVANCE
Csa's Chief Commander Says H
-Troops Have-Plenty of Shells.
S Speaking of Field Marshal yo
Hln-denburg's' forces facing him I
he Riga-Dvinsk sector, Gen. Ruzsk:
commanding the northern Russia
-army opposing the Germans in thi
region, is quoted in a Petrograd dit
patch to the Petit Parislen as to:
Iows:
"The enemy's divisions which wer
Ssent to France have been replaced b
a multitude of heavy and light gun
and by kilometers of barbed wirn
Their heavy artillery Is superior t
& ours, although we have enough. Ou
shell crisis isaover. We are gettin
alr the ammunition we want froz
SPetrograd.
- As to positions, advantages alon
~rthis front-which Is three hundre
versts (about two hundred miles) c
~apramately half of that-in Franc
k-are about equal. When the wate
freezes It is certain that the offensiv
will'become easier and the defensiv
harder for -both sides, but the Ge3
mans-will not be able to bring u
-fresh troops If they take the offet
sive. The offensive is costly; whc
ever attacks must suffer heav
lossa
"Finally, It Is now all a questiol
a to who in a few months will hav
the larger number of effectives, Gez
many or Russia. You know wha
forces we have In reserve; so gooi
days are coming when the Russial
army will advance."
1NTRODCE BILLS*
. Lever and Bymnes Active in Opening
up New Activity.
Representative Lover of Souti
Carolina Wednesday introduced a hi]
for the collection, trarscription an<
publication of material relating ti
-American educational history.
Investigation of the congressiona
-union to find if .It is imploying lobby
Ists in the cause of woman suffrage
'was proposed in resolution intro
duced by Representative Byrnes o
South Carolina.
NOT YET IN GREECE
Athens Denies Entrance of' Bulgars
Upon Hellenic Soil.
Athens reports via London Wed
nesday: The Greek government de
nies reports of the entrance of Bul.
garian forces int', Greek territory.
News dispatches 'on Tuesday re
ported that Bulgarian troops ::a(
consolidated the frontier b'mween Ser
bla and Greece In pursuit of the re
tiring British and French forces.
To Save One Fleet.
The American flag has been saved
to the Pacific by the purchase oj
seven steamers of the Pacific Maili
fleet by the Americe'n International
-Corporation, wiich has fifty millori
dollars to Invest in foreign trade
-awames.
U. S. NOTE TO FRANCE ASKS
RELEASE OF MEN SEIZED
Removal of Teutons From an Ameri
can Ship a Flagrant Viola
tion of Right.
The United States government
Tuesday cabled Ambassador Sharp at
Paris for presentation to the French
foreign office . note vigorously pro
testing against the removal by the
French cruiser Descartes of six Ger
mans and Austrians from the Ameri
a can steamships Carolina, Coambo and
San Juan. Immediate release of the
- men is asked on the ground that
seizure of citizens of any nation from
S an American vessel on the high seas
is illegal and constitutes a flagrant
violation of American rights.
The note was dispatched by Secre
tary Lansing with the full approval
of President Wilson. It also is under
stood to have been discussed at the
cabinet meeting.
Couched in friendly terms the
communication states the AmericaE
point of view emphatically and cites
the precedent employed in the case
of August Pieppenbrink, a German
who was removed from the Americax
n ship Windberr by the French cruisei
r- Conde in November of last year and
F, released after representations by th(
;e United States.
I- Attention is directed to the fac
1- that the men removed from the shipi
il were not embodied in the "arme
3- forces of the enemy' as the term it
used in the Declaration of London
1, It is asserted, however, that there i,
11 no justification for the removal o
1- subjects of a nation which is. ax
'e enemy of France from an Americar
n vessel on the high seas bound to i
s- neutral port, even if they could prop
;o erly be regarded as military persons
The text of the American note
s- which is said to be brief, probablb
Is will be made public when word of itq
:e delivery to the French foreign offic
i- is received.
d Officials of the 'state departmen1
y apparently think the French govern
ment may see fit to contest the con
it tentions 'of the United States anc
e.. that the men will not be releaze<
t- until further communications hav4
g passed between the two governments
a. This opinion is based on the assump
A tion that the commander pf the Des
L cartes was acting in accordance witl
Lt instructions.
- 4,000,000 BRITONS ENLIST
s
1, Esinats of RMerting Retur
In
s. Show no Need of Conscription.
r While no official computation wal
forthcoming on the recruiting accom
a plished under Lord Derby's scheme
i outside estimates agree thtot the num
k ber of men responding to the call foi
it volunteers approximates.four million
e This ,iust be taken only as an un
is official estimate, as the actual figure
is are held secret until Lord Derby's re
s- port . reaches ?remier Asquith'
r hands.
k The rush .of reciults during th
last two weeks has been so great a
far to exceed the rcosiest expectation
t of Lord Derby- and his aids. A con
e siderable proportion of those offer
d ing themselves failed to meet thl
medical requirerilnts.
Lord Derby is i'.aonsely elate(
over the outcome of his gigantic ef
ar fort, and that it is now likely tha
conscription will be avoided. TIf th<
mnumber as finally revealed fall:
a- slightly -below the mark, It is mor<
it than likely that more men will be ob
a tained by another call without resort
Sing to conscription.
~y While the voluntary recruiting wa
s. supposed to end Saturday night, th4
1- war office officials, by giving ag
p- other day to accommodate the crowd:
2- that were unable to get themselve:
El attested, owing to the rush in the las1
t hours, made it possible Sunday fo:
a many thousands more to enlis
it throughout Britain. All day the re
>- cruiting stations In London and else
te where were at work putting down th4
.d names of men who carried away witl
,- them Saturday oniy slips showing
that they had offer 3d themselves, bu1
n had been unable to get their attesta
Iftoslp fully filled out.
r- Last Monday the recruiting tide
h began to flow full and strong. Dal
ir by day it increased in volume, unti
*e on Friday it became a- great flood
>- Men of all ranks and conditions i
n life came forward. Clerks from the
great banks marched to the statiot
in a body; the orchestra of one thea
tre volunteered as one man betweer
the acts, and whole staffs from mer*
cantile houses took the oath together.
BLIZZARD IN GIALLIPOLI
'a Turks Suffer More From the Weather
nThan Australians.
- Winter in the Dardanelles is prov
I- ing to be a severe test for the Aus
tralians and Turks alike. Reuter's
e correspondent at this front reports
y that the first blizzard of early Decem
s h er found the Turks entirely unpre
i. pared. It was necessary for them to
o evacuate several positions, as the
r trenches were flooded.
g The bodies of several Turkish sol
e diers, as well as a number of dead
mules, were washed down into the
g allied trenches. Prisoners taken by
d the Australians were poorly clad and,
r the correspondent says, It was report
e ed that the Turkish troops were on
r half rations pending an improvement
e in their communications.
e The Colonial troops, including the
--Maoris from New Zealand, withstood
p the cold, although many of them had
-never seen snow before. The British
-authorities .believe that owing to
y their hardy physique and excellent
equipment the Colonials will get
a through the winter in satisfactory
e condition.
-Turkish activities,- recently have
t beencomperatively unimportant. Such
I attacks as have been made have not
i been pushed. Severd weather Is ex
pected through January and Feb
ruary. -
BIGi BATTLE IN (iREECE
Next Great Engagement of Enemies
1 Will be on Neutral Soil.
IThe next big battle of the war
i probably will be fought in Greece, de
Sspite the efforts of'the Hellenic king
and government to save their country
Ifrom the horrors of war.
The British and French forces
have made good their retirement
down the Vardar valley and are ap
proaching Salor'iki, where reinforce
ments are being landed, while reports
received in Paris and Rme say that
thee Bultran have crossed the
Gre frotie-a.irit.
Reports of a-' %n by the Bul
garians come s->meCVa at as a surprise,
-as it had been thought that such a
move by them would provoke the
- Greeks and that consequently If the
- Entente allies are followed at all the
- task would be allotted to the Aus
trians and Germans.
Storm
LSmSweeps Country.
The first heavy snow storm of the
season swept over the e~stern states
Monday. Casualties are repented atl
several places. Five inchcz of snow
fell at Philadelphia.
BiihBuy American Stocks.
The British gove-nment is ex
changing government bonds with Its
citizens who are wil ing for Amern
ca euiies with which to bolster
cann ecurt i the New York market.
WHAT iERMANS SAYA
is
CAPTURE OF JOFFRE'S OFFEN it
CIS DlIDXhTAD 0
SIEORDER IS UMAPPY
n
SHOWS FAILURE OF MOVE :
tl
German Soldiers at. the ront are a
a
Highly Elated Over Importance h
t
Which Was Attached to Recent s
0
Offensive-Cite Its Failure as Evi
dence of Their Strength.
James O'Donnell Bennett writes to a
the Chicago Tribune from the head- 0
quarters of the German army in b
France: t
Next to the pocket diary of the
whining soldier who is captured or f
killed-and in either case searched e
-the most embarrassing documents P
that can fall into the hands of the t
enemy are the pre-battle orders of a
commander with a knaclf-In making
flamboyant phrases.
Gen. Joffre's order to the troops
preliminary to the great offehsive
was a specimen of this kind of thing.
It unfolded in detail the dire conse
quence which the offensive was to In
flict upon the Germans, indicated the
scope of the plans,- and emphasized,
the importance of a swift and over
whelming following up of the pre
liminaries of. tQc operation.
. In- the-issue of the matter all this I
had the worst possible. effect . for r
three reasons: First, it showed how C
far short of the boped-for results the 3
offensive had fallen; second, it made 9
the general ridiculous, and, third,
which was most important of all, it
left him no loophole to wiggle out of r
when.the French and English, realiz- c
ing that the offensive had failed as s
to its large purpose, asserted that it s
never had been meant to do more 1
than try out and dent the German r
lines. That is why the Germans f
printed the text of Joffre's order so t
prominently in their own newspapers. s
For the same reason Lord Cavan's i
order- to the grenadiers, which In
cluded the high phrases about the C
destiny of unborn generations of Eng- s
lishmen depending on the issue of t
the impending battle, was made much t
of in the German press. In view of
the fact that German soldiers are still
strolling, about the -stree's of* Lille of
an evening buying pretty things for
their wives, the fine. phrases had a
tendency to make the noble lord
ridiculous.
Some 'of the most curious docu
ments I have seen taken from French
and English papers are "bulletins of
information" containing statements
calculated to cheer or inflame sol
diers, or to give them.an impression
of the case of the task confronting
them.- For example, French orders
found on prisoners captured in the
Champagne said: "If the Germans
once smell our gas bombs they will
be overpowered, and you can go t
straight to the trenches to finish the
work." t
There was something In that. Not 1
far from Lille I met a joyful German
soldier -who had come out of battle a
few hours befoie and wlto was still
in so high a state of excitement that
he was communicative. Part of the I
narrative was devoted to a hearty
tribute to the efficacy of the Anglo
French "stink-bomben," as 'he called
them, but, radiating pride and confi- t
dence, he ended his story with the
words: "They stink, yes, but not so
good as we stink.''
Of the second type of docunients
those intended to Inflame soldiers
there are many quaint specimens. (
5Some hint that the enemy are poi
soning wells, others that they have
been shooting prisoners on other
fronts and will do the same in case
they are taken prisoners on the
French front..
Many a crazy lie is, thus dis
seminated for its moral effect, or
effect upon morale, and the re
markable part of this kind of pro
paganda is that a commanding of
ficer can be found who, by issuing
such stuff, confesses that he has
under him soldiers so credulous
and stupid as to believe It.
At first I could not believe that
some of these "bulletins of informa
tion" about poisoned wells and shoot- I
ing prisoners had really been issued.(
but finally I came on a bulletin of C
information that had been circulated C
among French troops. Here is a (
transcription:
"Bulletin of Information. C
"Information to be Given to the C
Troops.I
"Five Thousand Prisoners Shot by
Germans.
'Petrograd, July 20.-General
headquarters communicated the fol
lowing: c
"Soldiers of -the Seventh Austrian G
Corps who were taken prisoners in G
the first days of July in the region of p
Cholm state that, according to the y
account of the supply troops, the j
Germans have shot five thousand E
Russian prisorers at Rawa-Russka- L
Soldiers add that supply troops with L
whom they have spoken have seen aL
large cemetery in which the flve L
thousand are buried."
Commenting on this, a German iN
colonel said: "Do they think, or pre- N'
tend to think, that we Germans are C
not only savages but Imbecile say- C
ages? When we make five thousand P
Russian prisoners they mean more to R
us alive than dead because we .can S
not put dead men to work mending S
roads." S
Childish thoughi the faked bulletin t
of information is as a means of in
spiriting troops, it Is not more child- '
ish than the frequent slander that
troops are sent drunk into battle. So
far as the Ge-man troops are con
cerned, they are much more likely to
work themselves into battle ardor by
means of a song than a drink.
The English and French hnave paid T1
a heavy price for the slight gains the
offensive won them. Their losses are
appalling, and by all accounts the
heaviest losses were inflicted by the E
German machine guns. All along p,
the line I hear from prisoners reportsg
of "eighteen left out of two hun- a1
dred"--"we went in two hundred c
strong an'd came out with fifty liv- d
ing"-"I and my comrade there are c:
the only ones left of our squad"-- S
and so on. It Is terrible.
One French battalion-which c<
means at least one thousand men- Si
lost all but four of its officers and t(
all but 108 men. One French regi- la
ment was annihilated, the command- w
er himself saying that 2,000 men fell m
on the field. The rest were taken tr
prisoners. One day a German offi- e:
er came in with the report that in a re
space of 1,500 yards broad and 200 tc
yards deep where an attack had been at
thrown back 1,100 lay dead. to
The number of wounded is equally 11I
overwhelming. One afternoon I was is
riding through a French town where th
the streets are steep and irregular
and I passed a prefecture or some
other government building which
stood perhaps twenty feet below the T
roadway-.k
Thus I was able to look down into h
the court yard of the building-a
:ourt. I should think, that was sev
enty-fivt: feet long and fifty feet
wide. What I saw there was start- to:
ing. The place was packed with to
French prisoners, -but not a soldier's WI
ap nor a hair of any man's head was
isible, only an expanse of white
andages. It was as if a heavy snow
ad covered every head. nie
When prisoners of war are ques- an
rfective way of extracting informa
on is to talk with- them In groups
. man examined aside is cautiou
ad keeps his head. A gro'up is vol
ble and excited, and each man in I
eager to set the other right. "The
happened so and so," suggests thi
fficer who is chatting with a grou)
f prisoners. "Yes, it happened tha
,ay," one of the men responds. "Nc
o," another interjects, "it wa's thi
,ay," and he gives a different ac
aunt of the matter. "Well, I was a
ach and such a place," a third in
Ists, "and what I saw was this an
2at." Every man is anxious to -shine
nd every man wants :to seem im
ortant by contributing a fact tha
e thinks important: And so, fror
de various and varying narrativ
Dmething coherent and valuable cai
ften be deduced.
French officers talk very littl
rhen they are taken prisoner. Th
ien are different, :willing to tall
nd capable of talking well. Som
f these latter said, that this woul
e the last great Attempt to brea
brough, and they were dlsheartened
Belgian prisoners were especiall
Drlorn, and- especially frank. The
xpressed only the wish to have th
rar over and the hopelessness of cor
inued effort on their part. "End it,
hey said, "and let ius get home.
'heir .losses in. prisoners and kille
ad been out of all-prdportion to th
umber fighting. -The little. grou
rhich -I encountered had original1
een a scouting party of forty-sevei
'wenty had fallen near Dixmudi
'he rest were prisoners. They wer
rearing new uniforms, made, the
aid, from American cloth.
At the invitation of the. officers
onscientiously. smelled the fra;
nents of the gas- bomb that had -e:
iloded three days before, with th
eslt'that I have no desire to sme
ne that is any fresher. Manifest]
ou may break, you may shatter th
,as bomb if you will, but the scent'(
rhat it once held will cling to It stil
It Is not that the odor was so muc
tauseating as overpowering. In otl
r words, it was.not -so much a foi
mell as an effective smell. It sent
hudder of weal:ness over the whol
iody- and that sensation was accon
anled by intense prickling. A soi
eeling remained, in the nose an
hroat for an hour, and a: kind <
ubconsciousness of the odor laste
auch longer than -that.
Basing their judgment' on a surve
if several hundred English prisoner,
ome German officers told me thi
he new English levies did not see
o them comparable to the first, an
everal of the English lads volunteel
d the statement that their office
rere brave, but-*inexperienced, an
o got them into tight places.
- To me the English troops seeme
reedy and juvenile. The incessam
ise of the word "Sir" by those wit
vhom I talked Indicated that ~the
:ame from the humbler class. A
Irst I tried to -meet them with
iandshake and some words of con
-adeship In their own language, bi
he effort only embarrassed then
hough I am sure that my attempt I
>e a good fellow with them wi
teither pompous. nor patronizing.
One English prisoner of more tha
he tverage intelligence told us, thi
n front of some of the English pos
ions the dead hac been lying u
>uried since May.
"Good heavens," said a German o
lcer, "that kind. of thing has tt
vorst influence on the morale <
roops." Turning to the group <
>risoners for whom the Intelliger
nan had been -principal spokesmal
he added: "Why was it allowed?"
The English wearily .shrugge
heir shou~ders and answered: "Can
ay, sir."
COTTON GINNED IN STATE
)ne Million. Twenty-iTwo Thousaz
Bales Up to December 1.
Sam L. Rogers, director of the e
us, department of commerce, at
lounces the preliminary report 4
otton ginned by counties In Soul
jarolina, for the crops of 1915 an
.914. -
Quantities are in running bale:
ounting round as half bales. Linter
,re not Included.
1915. 191
Lbbeville .. ......597 28,55
iken ...... 33,715 42,57
nderson .. . 14,267 24,80
lamberg .. .. 14,267 24.80
sarnwell1 33,688 54,67
seaufort .. .. 3,417 6,91
lerkeley . ... 8,511 13,72
sahoun . .. 17,360 26,55
'harleston . .. 7,198 11,72
herokee .. .. 12,592 14,26
hester.. .. ....27,343 29,37
hesternield ....25,343 29,37
larendon .. ..24,290 41,89
olleton . .. 12,780 19,57
~arlington . . 29,618 37.08
illon .. ......27,403 32.36
larchester.... 1'0,288 15,54
dgefield .. .. 25,804 28,18
'airfield . . . 20,407 20,27
'lorence , .. 27,391 38,44
eorgetown .. 2,143 4,20
~reenville . .. 37,637 38,26
reenwood . .. 25,141 27,05
[ampton .... 11,336 19,22
[orry . .. 7,011 8,40
asper. .. .. ...2,865 5,76
:ershaw .. ..22,175 25,44
ancaster . .. 18,837 20,03
aurens .... 34,675 33,33
ee. .. .. . .. 28,869 36,25
exington . .. 20,939 21,841
[arion .. .. ....12,474 12,31
[arlboro . .. 45,641 53,241
ewberry . .. 31,715 28,271
conee .... ...15,285 16,03:
rangeburg .. 55,473 71,701
Ickens . .. 14,423 17,38
.ichland . ... 18,126 22,381
aluda .. ......22,588 20,81:
partanburg ..59,347 60,58|
umter. .. .. ...27,90 5 45,14:
nion .. .. ....15,770 16,021
Tilliamsburg .. 20,117 29,16
ork ........31,997 33.04:
Total .. .....1,022,424 1,230,161
SEARCH FOR BELIEF ShIP
o Send for German Women Held ii
South Africa.
Under orders from Washington
dmund Bullings, collector of thi
:rt of Boston, began Inquiries re
e-ding the possibility of chartering
Li American steamship to send t<
ape Town to bring back one hun
red and fifty German women and
illdren who a e reported to be anx
us to leave South Africa.
Accompanying the orders was
>py of a. letter from the United
-ates consul general at Cape Towr
the department of commerce and
bor, describing the .plight of thi
omen and children, forced to re
ain in territory of an enemy coun
y against their wishes. The letteL
:plained that the trouble arose ove:
fusal of the British steamship line!
take them as passengers. This
tion, it was explained, was not due
any antipathy by thie steamshl
1es, but because of fecling that ex
ted among crews and passengers of
e vessels.
Plan'~r Shot to Death.
A. F. Schrader, of near Clarksv-ille,
~x., was shot to death by an un
town partyi Monday.
Looks for Austria's Reply.
Department officials at Washing
cx are lookding for Austria's reply
the Anconja note somo time this
,ek.
Killed NWife and Mother.
Ernest A~by, forty-nine, living
ar Madisob, Ind., killed his wife
d mother-i i-law Monday and then
led himse .,
I '~' THl TELL--TAL
t BY JOSEP]
t Copyright, 1915, The
Tracing Crime by the Imprint of Fin
ger Upon Any Object Near the
- Scene Now a Science, and Itegard
I
ed as Infallible in All Courts of
t Law.
Finger prints never lie. The im
e pression of fingers upon any object is
: far more infallible as a means of
identification than a photograph of
e that person's features. Give me the
finger print of an infant in arms and
when that baby grows to ripe old
e age I'l1'prove that his.finger prints
then are 'identical with those- taken
while in Infancy. As i means of de
tecting the author of any crime they
are absolutely unerring, as many- a
7 man now doing a long stretch of time
e in state prisons will attest.
When the finger print system was
being introduced into the police bu
d reaus of the capitals of Europe I was
e sent abroad to ,study it. Of course,
e it was in a primitiVe stage then, bul
there was -enough there to convincE
y me that the science was one well
worthy .of development, so I set tc
*liork to- absorb all I could -lear
e there, -and- then upon my returri tc
y improve upon the methods there em.
ploydd and niake it* even more fai
reaching.-in scope.. Close study for s
year convinced me .that I had taker
e the science to that stager where ]
L could prove its usefulness, as well as
its infallibilty In any court of 'justicE
, should the opportunity present Itself
\ I shall never forget the first cast
called. for trial In New York City it
which the finger irint was the sol(
h evidence we, the p.olice; had to basE
our case on. Fortunately we hac
il been able to get an, indictment or
a what then was called the flimsiest 01
e evidence. To convince twelve men
- tried and true, of the infallibility o:
'e this evidence; however, was a far dif
d *erent matter and I can tell you as :
look back upon it all, whereas I wa,
d just as certain of my prisoner's gull
as I. was of my life, I had sore mis
Y givings as to my ability to prove thi,
5, in court.
t - Print on Glass My Sole Case.
. The. case in. question had to d<
with an especially daring loft bur
. glarf in which 'the salesrooms o
d Bernstein Brothers in Wooster streel
had been-entered and robbed of mani
thousands of dollars worth of expen
d sive goods. To effect an entranc
t the- burglars had removed a pane o:
glass from the door of an office or
i the floor below that of the place the:
t expected to rob and then cut thei
way through the ceiling to the loft ix
I question. New York at that time was
infested with an especially daring
' band of.loft burglars and the policv
were put to their wits ends In keep
s ing up with them.
As soon as I learned that a pan(
n of glass had been removed I instruct
It ed my detectives to bring the glass nz
- question to police headquarters an
- at the same time to exercise dde care
that no one handled it with barn
hands.. 'Let. the man who picks si
e that piece of glass,,' I said, "be surE
to wear gloves." -
With the glass at headquarters w(
It went over it very.carefully and surn
, enough the tell-tale finger mark.
- were still fresh on Its surface. ThesE
d were carefully photographed and we
~t set to-work to search our* files to see
if we had the duplicate on record. Ix
less than a minute we learned tha1
the finger prints were, identical witi
those of Charles- Crispi, a young lof1
burglar, whose reputation for cun
dI ning and desperation was second t<
none in his'class. . It'was only a ques
tion of finding -Crispi, I argued, -
. cinch the case for I knew In my heari
. that the author of that crinme was
none other than the man' I had fas
h tined It on.
d At police headquarters. we have
impressions of thousands upon thou
Ssands of criminals, all indexed and
,carefully fled. One would imaginE
to .look at that rack of prints in which
to-day there are upwards of two hun.
Udred and fifty thousand impressions
5that it would -be an endless task tc
1locate any particular one. But thai
-Is a mere detail. Bring us any prini
from any point on the globe and if
8we have the duplicate we' can find It
8in less than a minute at the outside.
1To learn how to group and classify
1 the prints is a science in itself, yet
0 when one learns how, it is as simple
4as learning one's A B C's. All finger
lines aedivided into fajur classes of
Toparches, whorls and composites
andi It is easy to so group and classify
them.
1Crispi Is Arrested.
2 After satisfying myself that Crispi
0 was the man we wanted for the loft
7 burglary I sent my men out to arrest
0 hIm. We had no difficulty in locat
6 Ing him in his flat In Hoboken and
9 when he was appraised of his arrest
4 he burst out laughing and told the
3 detectives he would make them look
7 foolish as he could account for every
2 second of his time on the night of the
6 burglary and that his alibi could be
3proven by at least half a dozen repu
7 table witnesses, That made no dif
3 ference to Crispi's captors, however,
5 for nearly every' prisoner, no matter
7 how guilty he is, can, always make a
ibluff- at proving an alibi. Alibis in
3 fact, are second nature to all crooks.
Crispi was brought before me at
police 'headquarters and without
mincing words I told him that he was
wanted 'for the Bernstein loft bur
glary and furthermore that I knew he
was the man who had cut out the
pane of glass from the office door
and then set It over against the wall
in the hallway. Of course, -he pro
tested his innocence. He wasn't in
the least worried, nor did he bluster.
Calmly and in a conservational tone
he said:
- "From what you tell me I can
prove, and easily too, that I was at
the theatre with some friends when
Ithis trick was pulled. I can account
for every second of my time that
night and the morning following, and
the word of my witnesses is just as
good as those of any you can confront
me with.''
His candor and cool effrontery was
refreshing to say the least. He was
cocksure he had surrounded himself
with an unassailable alibi and the
worst part of it was that I knew it
too. It would require a mighty level
headed -jury to digest this finger print
evidence, especially where there was
nothing else to back it up with, but
nevertheless I realized we had to
make a beginning some time so no
time was better than the present. My
reputation was at stake and the repu'
.tation of the new identification sys
tem, as well, so I was confronted with
a mighty weighty problem.
'My first duty was to ascertain just
how strong an alibi Crispi had built
up and then to see if the character of
his witnesses was such that it would
carry weight with a jury. Crispi said
he had been at a certain theatre on
the night of the robbery. He men
tioned the names of those who were
with him and each and every one
bore. out this contention. Further
more, I learned that severa.! of the
party were known to the theatre at
tendants and they, too, were equally
positive that Crispi had been one of
the party. Crispi's wife swore that
her husband had retired when she
did on the night of the robbery. She
added that he was sound asleep when
she arose in the morning and that
she allowed him to sleep undisturbed
until she had prepared his breakfast.
As he sat down to partake of this
meal one or two of her women neigh
bors ha stopped by to nak her to g'o
E FMER PRINT
I A. FAUROT.
rnternational Syndicate.
on a shopping tour with them and
these women, both respectable, swore
emphs.tically that Crispi- was at the
breakfast table when they entered the
flat.
HMs Alibi Was Perfect.
These were posers~I knew, out
there still remained my unshaken
faith in the finger priit system, so I
decided to go to: trial on that evi
dence alone.:
Even at the first stage of my fight
'encountered opposition for- when I
had Crispi arraigned in a police court
it was only after a' bitter battle that
I succeeded -i having him held for
theigrand jury. I knew the same ol'd
fight would be contnued in -the grand
jury room and the hardest bght of
all when we. reached court, if indeed
I could get the case that far. -
The sase rame to trial and -CrIspi
was surrounded by an army of.wit
nesses- capable of swearing him at
any one place at a given hosr no mat
ter where it. might have 'been. He
had an alibi that seemingly was flaw
less. His wife told a straight and
well connected story.- This was in a
-measlre' corroborated by her women
friends who had -seen Crispi at the
breakfast table, while his companiom
who attended the theatre with him
on the night of the robbery told in
detail of his every move, adding the
time .to the minute Crispi had- bade
them gootI night to go to his home
The theatre attendants backed 'thi,
up in a degree, and in consequenc
Crispi and his lawyer wore wide.grinm
-every time they glanced in my direc
ton. The testmony of the wife was
the most direct given. She swore het
husband -had entered their flat jus1
as the clock was tolling midnight. H
said he was tired and t4tired imme
diately. He was sleeping soundl1
when she turned in half an hour latei
and he was still asleep when sho
arose to get his breakfast.
When I went on the stand I wai
armed wilth hundreds of exhibits t<
prove the infallibility of the fingel
print. I had diagrams of all sorts or
hand to show- that the finger -print,
of no two persons on earth are alike
This I think I proved, for the juri
and court attendants were deeply im
pressed, to judge from the--profoun
attention they bestowed upon my tes
timony.' To cap the climax I turnei
to the judge and. asked permission t<
be put to a test which I believe
would chnch my case. I offered te
leave the room and in my absenc
have some one take the prints of ani
member of the court attendants th(
judge directed. I would- return ani
finger print all the' attendants ant
after developing my print compare i1
with the one taken in my abseneA
and -pick out the person originalli
finger printed. - ~The court readll
agreed to the proposition and the tes1
went on.
When I returned I finger printe
about twelve persons. Then whe;
these were developed and printed :
was given the print taken .in my ab
sence. - At a glance I identified it ant
matched It iith one I had takez
thereby identifying the-person -print
ed in my .absence.
Test Aniaes Jurors. -
The success of. the test ,created i
profound sensation. The jurors sai
up . and asked dozens of question
which proved that they had intelli
gently followed every move I ha!
made. They soon recognized. the dif
ference between a whorl and a ridgi
and were asking technical question:
innumerable which did more to con
vince me that!I was going to-win'mn3
case than anything that had trani
spired since court convened. I had
been on the' stand continuously fo:
three days and when court adjourned
that Wednesday evening Crispi -and
his lawyers had lost their air oi
bravado, and instead of the sneering
glances bestowed upon me their looks
clearly lroved how. deeply concerned
they were.
When court convened the next
morning I was again called to the
stand. There were one or two little
points that.I wanted to make clear,
although I was very well satisfied
with things as they were.
But before the district attorney
had an opportunity to start the pro.
ceedings, Mr. Moore, chief of counsel
for Crispi, arose and s'aid:
"May It please your Honor, with
the consent of the district attorney,
thie defendant. would like to :with
draw his plea of not guilty and enter
a plea of guilty to the third 'count of
the indictment-that charging unlaw
ful gntry."
"The court accepts the plea," the
judge replied, even before those In
the court room could grasp the. sig
nificance of the move.
Crispi Admits All.
A ripple of surprise swept over the
court room and even the jurors turn
ed In their seats -to gaze Into each
other's faces. The admission of guilt
from' the .prisoner who had been so
brazenly defiant, but a few hours be
fore nearly stupefied the entire cotirt.
My victory had been hard earned
and bitterly fought I'll admit, but it
was all the sweeter for that very rea
son. Handwriting experts who were
present, doubtless recognized that a
new factor had entered into tlie
science of criminology and they were
none too well pleased at the turn
events had taken. But as dear as
that moment of victory was to me
none realized of what tremendous im
port it was to me. in the work that
stre::ched before me. Here was the
one test I had wanted above all oth
ers and I had won. Henceforth it
would be a matter of record, a prece
dent established, and the finger print
system to which I had devoted hard
years of study would be accepted as
a fact which any jury would have to
consider.
Before court adjourned Judge Ro
sals:ky commanded the -prisoner to
stand before the bar.
"Crispi, since you have admitted
your guilt, there are certain things
you can clear up In this case that the
court deems of Interest to both jus
tice and science. I might add that
the .zourt will be disposed to deal len
iently with you if your answers are
satisfactory. In the first place, did
you cut the pane of glass from Bern
stein's window?"
"I did," answered the prisoner.
"After cutting It out lifted it from
the sash .and carried it across the
room and set It against the wall just
as Inspector Faurot said I did. In
doing so my hand slipped and that is
how the finger print was left on the
pane."
"Iwant yuo to explain those
alibis.'' Jddge Rosalsky continued. "I
fear there has been some tall lying
here som'ewhere."
"No, sir. You are wrong," said
Crlspi. "I was at the theatre. When
Ileft the party I asked several of
themi the time, thereby impressing
upon their minds the eqact hour I
left then. When I got home my wife
was up as she said. I went to ber
anr feigned sleep. When I found she
was sleeping soundly I arose and
slipped out. I .net the gang that
robbed the loft and after getting
away with the loot I slipped hack
into my flat and to bed without
awakening my wife. When she got
up the next morning I was asleen at
her side just as she said. I had care
fully mapped out all the details sev
eral days before the job was done
and I built up my alibis so strongly
that I thought they would defy at
tack. But I hadn't reckLoned with the
finger print. That's what fixed me
ALLDES CONFIDENT
REFUSE TO DISCUSS PEACE UN=
TIL THEY HAVE WON
SAY FOE CAN NOT LAST
Washington Hears of Peace Plans
Huge Indemnity Wanted and Naval
Blockade is to Enforce It-Semi
Official Hint of One of Chief Terms
of Peace.
Several American newspapers have
received" from.. what might be - de
scribed as a, sem(-official source as
Intimation of. one A.rgument the Allies
expect to- use. in. getting satisfactory
terms from the Teutonic empires once
commisioners meet about the council
table *to discuss peace.
This. information confrms private
suggestions that the Allies, in spite
of their recent reverses, means to
carry the war to the point where they
can demand a large indemnity from
Germany and Austria.
This information is conveyed in
the following statement:
"One of the main points of the
-Allies'- peace terms.Is that on no
account will the German mercan
tile flag be permitted to be seen
fl[poL the .igh seas until 'fulin
demnMcation-has been paid. The
Allies- have the power to do- this
and mean to use!it to the full ex
tent."
, It is doubtful if this .pronounce
ment has any immediate application
to the situation in Europe. Dr. von
Bethmann-Hollweg, the.imperiarGer
- man chancelloi, told the reichstag on
Thursday that when the enemies of
Germany came- forward with peace
proposals dompatible with the dignity
and safety of Germany and Ier
friends these proposals would be lis
tened to.
The -day before Premier Asquith
I said that if serious proposals of peace
were received. from the Allies' ene
mies they would be considered by the
r allied governments. Neither of these
statements promised overtures in'the
I near- future.
- One suggestion as to the Allies
I attitude toward peace is that the
statement comes Just at the time
I when the remarks of the -German
> chancelor and the British prime min
ister are In the public mind. The
r statement, it is pointed out, may.give
German officials food for thought as
I to the loss of German trade, even
I should. German arms continue for the
t time' being their far-flung successes,
Whenever peace rumors have flQab
r ed over Europe-and many. have
r seemed to come from Germany-the
t Allies have made it plain that they
were not ready to talk peace. This
I reticence on the part of the allied
t governments was taken to mean that
[ they intended to press the war to a
- successful conclusion, and that they
I felt nothing could be gained by lend
L ing an ear to peace proposals: while
- German -armies- in -all directions were
far .outside German frontiers. The
suggestion to-day seems to look tc
the time when Germany will be-light
L
Ing on her own territory,, or at least
within, striking distance of German
soil.
Talk of Indemnity has always beer
-coupled with the. Idea that it would
be needed for the rehabilitation of
Belgium, and more recently of Bel
.gium and Serbia. But an h.emty~t
,is difficult to collect. Japana, though
.she had driven the Russian armies at
will, :finally withdrew the demand
for payment in gold.
The Allies, however, once the ques
.tion of peace brought up -the subject
of. indemnity, would 1be in a better
position to enforce their' ddmaids. If
Sthe war came down to a formal siege
in all theatres, the British navy could
hold the German merchant fleet in
definitely .in' pawn. The indemnity
might be asked In the way of re.
demption for the merchant fleet.
A Woman's Question.
Do you know you have asked for he
costliest thing
Ever made by the hand above.
A woman's heart and a woman's life
And a woman's wonderful love?
Do you know you have asked for the
priceless thing . .
As a child might ask for a toy?
Demanding what others have died to
win,
With' a reckless dash of a boy.
You have written my lesson of duty
out,
Manlike, you have questioned me.
Now stand at the bar of my woman's
soul.
Until I question thee.
You require your mutton shall al
ways -be hot,
Your socks and your shirts shall
be whole,
I require your .heart to be true as
God's stars
And pure as Heave'n above (your
soul).
You reqiuire a cook for your mutton
and beef,
I require far better things
A seamstress you're wanting for
stockings and shirts
I look for a MAN and a .king.
A king for a beautiful realm called
home,.
A. man that the maker, God,
Shall look upon as he did the first
And say IT is good.
I am fair and young, but the rose
will fade
From my soft young cheeks one
day;
Will you love me then 'mid the fall
ing leaves
As you did 'mid the month of
May?.
Is your heart an ocean so strong and
deep
I may launch my all on its tide?
A loving woman finds Heaven or Hell
On the day she is made a bride.
I require all things that are grand
and true
All things that a man should be
If you give this all I would stake my
life
To be all that you demand of me.
If you can not do this, a laundress
and cook
You can hire with little pay,
But a Woman's heart and a Woman's
life
Are not to be WON that way.
-E. B. B.
Serbs Take Many Prisoners.
It Is reported Frislay that forty
prisoners taken in Serbia have been
landed at Marseilles, en route to a
concentration camp.
This is a poor time for the pur
chase of a map of Europe. It's all
liable to be something else.
This is the time ofthe year when
spring gardens begin to flourish-in
your dreams.
job you bet your life I'll wear
gloves."
That ended the first finger print
conviction in the united States.
Crispi went away for thriee years and
he is out now and I believe leading
an honest life. He comes to see, me
occasionally and none more firmly be
lieves in the Infallibility of the finger
REPLY WILL NOT 110
ANTICIPATED ANSWER OF AUS
TRIA UNSATISFACTORY
BREAK-IS VERY NEAR
SumInaries of Note Reich Washing
ton From Foreign Capitals--Haps.
burg Empire Wants to Exchangs
Opinions But Diplomatic Relations
May be Severed. Soon.
The New York "Times prints the
following dispatch from its Washing
ton correspondent:
Austria's reply to Seeretary Lan
sing's note 'on the Aicona is re
garded, on the basis of the unoffi
cial reports received from London
and Am m as ;whojly unsat
isfactory, unacceptable' and disap
pointing to the United States. Dip-.
lomatic relations between the two
countries. maysafely be~ described
as standing:at..the brearing point
iPresident Wilson and Secrtary
Lansing are reserving comment unt1l
they have the official translation and,
text at hand, bttitis sfated authori
tatively that the United States will
enter into no exchangeof .opinions as
the Vianna foreigm oflce is repe
sented as suggesting,. and absolutely
will decline to discuss'the facts of
~the torpedding and !dhlfng of the
Ancona !by -an Austriin submarine
with loss 'of American'lives.
. Persistence by Austria-Hungary in
the course she apparently has deter
mined to pursue, may result in the
severanceof diplomatic relations be
tween the 'United Stats - and the
Vienna government.. This step would
not be. taken by the United Stts,
however, it was authorltatively stat
ed, without one ,iore.communication
being dispatched to Austria-Hungary.
The United States is described so
being prepared to insist that Austri
Hungary promptly comply with- the
demands for disavow'al, punishment
of the submarine commander, and
reparation by payment 'of Indemnity
for' the Ameiicans 'killed: or injured,
making it clear that failure wI
mean immediate breaking off of re
lations.
. *A 5econd note, it is said, renewed7
with the original demands and witli'
out dealing in' a decision or ex
changes of views, would be of evegg
more insistent nature as to.the expec
tations of coxapliance without furth-er
delay.
The state department had received.
no official information from its own'
sources .that American Armbassadqr
Penfield, at Vienna, had been handed
the reply.' From Baron Elich Zwied-'
inek, charge of the Austria-Hungary
embassy, however, came the informa
tion that the reply had been deliver
ed.
Baron Zwiedinek received a wire
less message from his government,
calling his attention to the reply and
gfving him, It was -believed, certain
instructions as4o what course to pur
sue. The charge called upon Secre
tary Lansing twice Thursday; once
during-the forenoon and-once ,in the.
afternoon, following the -receipt of
the wireless. dispatch. On both occa
sions he dlsbussed the situation in
formally and received additional light.
on the views .which this government
holds.
The state -department receivedi a,
dispatch described as being informa
tive from Ambassador Penfield,
which. described the v1ewpoint of the
Austro-Hungaian govertiment andl
told ofi. the, feeling of .Vienna offi
cials in regard to the American note
The dispatch, It was authoritatively
explained, contained n~o mention of a
-reply having been handed 4o the am -
bassador. - --
The report of the ambassador was
said: to be different .in several re-.
spects from the press reports con
cerning the views of the Austro-Hun
garian government. Details in this,
connection, however, were unaval
able, the report being of a confideir
tial nature.
Officials seemed to be of the opin
ion that 'Mr. Penfield probably had
gained the infarmation'heonveyed
dui-ing conference with2,Baron yon
Burian, .minister,. of foreign affaim,.
similar to those held by Secretary
Lansing and Baron .Zwld~k
O'fficials werehinabl&e- u er
stand -why the reply If dlerdto
Ambas'ador Penifield- Tudsayf alr'f
dicated In press .dlspatches, had..aotV
reached tl~e state.department.- Forty
eight hours usuallj is the maimum.
time required for an official dispatch
to reach the United States fiom
Vienna.' It. was recogniied.ethat the
reply had to be .translated and-.then
put Into cipher before being dispatch
ed, but even with that delay the offi
cials believed the note 'should haves
arrived. .. -'
ACCEPTSEXPANATIO1
Austrian Charge Says Letter. Was
'Directed by Dr. Dumba.
-The state 'departmc .t probably will
accept the explanation made by -
Baron Erich Zwiedinek, charge of the
Austro-Hungarian embassy at Wash
ington. regarding a' 'letter he wrote
to the Austro-Hungarian, consul gen- '
eral in New. York suggesting that
neutral passp'orts be brought to as
sist reservists in this country to reach
Austria-Hungary.
The letter was written while Dr.
Const'antin Dumba, the recalled am
bassador, was- in charge of the em
bassy. Baron Zwiedinek called upon
Secretary Lansing' the daj after It
was published and explained that he ,
was acting under Dr. .Dumba's In
structions.~Secretary Lansing did not.
indicate what his view 'would be; but
it is learned that there Is no dispo
sition at the department to question
the charge's statement.
Acceptance of Baron Zwiedinek's
explanation will clear up one of the
incidents out of which grew the sit
uation aggravating relations between
the United States and Austria-Hun
gary.
CRUJSIED SEED AND INTERIS
Department Makes Report up to
December 1 on Friday.
Cotton seed crushed from the 1915
crop to December 1 amounted to 1,
981,140 tons against 2,473,931 tons.
December 1 last year, the census
bureau announced Friday.
Linters obtained to December 1
amounted to 381,927 bales against
341,142 bales last year to December
1.
Seed crushed and linters obtained
by states follow:
Seed. Linters.
Alabama .. .. ...154,760 30,6.17
Arkansas .. .. ...110,067 20,080.
Florida. .. .. .. ..13,0 07 1,834
Georgia .... .....361,000 71,979
Louisiana. .. .. ..70,0 93 14,130
Mississippi .. .. ..178,770 35,512
Missouri. .. .. .. ..9,429 2,0 02
North Carolina. . ..118,695 19,876
Oklahoma .. .. ...81,179 15,214
South Carolina.. ..160,179 26,749
Tennessee .... ...90,858 19,213
Texas .... .....612,191 119,524
All Other States .. 2T,002 4,497
Italy Lands Troops.
Thirty thousand Italian troops are
reported to be the numb3r of soldiers
landed by Italy at Avlona tb help the
Al1iec.