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VERMONT WATCHMAN & STATE JOURNAL,, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1884. 2 ricnlittrnh T. II. JIOHKINS, Newport, Vt., Edltor. Moro Light ou Forllllzors. Thoso o our readers who woro pushlng us, a fow months ago, to write up tho fer tillzor business, cannot complain of us now, and wo do not grudgo our work, for indoed thore is nothing like " keeping it beforo tho poople." By our doing so, many aro led to study and oDquire, and to get clearer ideas of tho composition, power and use, not only of artlfioial fer tilizers, but of homo-mado manures. Our old friond and correspondent, Z. E. Jameson of Irasburgh, Vermont, writes : " I think you havo done somo ezcellent work in tho colnmna of The Watcuman in putting your own viows, and those of A. II. Ward, in so many waya before the farmore. It is this ropetition of tho torma 'Ammonia or Nitrogen,' 'Phos phorio Aold or Phosphate of Lime,' Al kall or Potash' the three elementa of plant food hidden, the Drst in chemicals that look like salt, or in cotton-seed ; the second in bonea or phosphate rock ; tho third in ashea or German potash salta that fbces it in the mind, for it ia difficult for farmora to become perfectly familiar with them." Mr. Jameson adds : " It is much easier to buy a barrel of mixed-up stufE called ' superphosphato,' than it is to follow the doctrines of Mr. Ward and yourself and buy nitrogenous, phosphatio and potassio materials called by other natnes, and rnix them ourselvea. If fer tilization is founded upon nitrogen, phos phorio acid and potash let the repetition and instruction continue nntil every f armer will easily in common conversation apeak untrippingly of theso elements, as thoy aro in combination in all manures." The diffioulty of which Mr. Jameson speaks has been constantly before us in writing npon theie subjoota. It istrne, nnfortunately, that our common achools do not teach even the aimple elementa of chemistry, and that thongh wo are all the time uaing chemical substancea, they are not used understandingly. The women do not understand tho chemistry of cook ing or washing, of dyeing, of house cleaning, warming and ventilation, of diet, or of health, bnt have to get along as woll as they can without the light of scientific discovory by which the best, easiest and cheapest ways of doing com mon things is made known. And it is juat so with men on the farm. The chemistry of manure and of plant-feeding (as well as of cattlefeeding), is a sealed book to them, and although it ia really a very aimple and easy thing to learn, yet the " hard worda " (hard only because un familiar) look discouraging. And yet every woman who makea bread, washes olothes, makea soap, or cleans house, is doing ohemical work which they could do better, cheaper and more easily if they understood the science of it ; and every man who handles manure, or nses mized f eed for his stock, or growa crops, ia doing the same thing, with the aame costly unfamiliarity with the reason of it, which is all there is to science for " science " is only another word for "knowledge." It is a f act that on worn-out or partially worn-out aoila something is gone that was once there, and which made the cropa grow and yield well. What these things are (for there are more than one), has been found out by the study and oxperi ments of agricultural chemists. This knowledge is in the hands of the fertilizer makers, but not yet to any great extent in the hands of the farmera. We have set ourself the task (or rather it has been aet for us) to bring this knowledge to our readers. To those who ln aohool got a little insight into chemistry it is very easy to understand all the facts in the case. The chemista have found out and proved that in all ordinary soils the only kinds of plant-food likely to be used up by over-cropping can easily be replaced, and the land be made as productive as before. The farmers long ago learned that this could be done by applying the dung of animals, decayed vegetable and auimal matter, ashes, soap-suds, muck, and various other things, to the soil. Later it was found out that vast piles of blrd dung, called " guano " (which is tho Spanish for " dung "), was a very strong manure. Still later it was found that bonea, when fiuely ground, were also pow' erful aa a fertilizer. Later still, roch were found which are in composition the same aa bonea (except the animal matter), and these, when ground, have proved good for plant-food. And still later, potash has been found in Germany in inexbausti ble quantities, bnried in the earth. Two kinda of ealtpeter (potash saltpeter and aoda saltpeter) have been found to exist in abundance in the soil of somo conntries. When the chemista began to study this subject of plant-food that is, of the things found to be useful in promotlng the growth of vegetation they went to work and took all these substances apart (that is, they analyzed them), to find what they' were made of, for they were all compounda. They found that animal dung, whiob is a complete restorative of worn soils, containa chiefly three things, called rnosruonus, potassiom and ni TitoouN. The first we have all become familiar with, because it is used to top matchea. When pure, it ia a white, waxy looking substance, which is so inilammablo that it has to be kept under water. When phosphorus burna, there arises from it a thick, white amoke. Thiasmoko ia really a fine, white powder, and is called rnos rnoitio acid. Phosphorlo acid, if it is plaoed in contaot with lime, will unito with the lime, and form a compound called phosphate of lime. In fact, it will form tbroe difforent compounda with lime, and the more lime there is in the coin pound, tho slower it will dlssolye in water. Theso aro tho throo kinds about whloh so muoh io said in connection with forlll izers " aold " phosphate, contalning but little llmo, "revortod" phoaphato, con taining more lime, and "bono" phoa phato, containing still more lime, and oalled bono phoaphato because bonea aro mostly mado ot it. Nono of theso is really insolu blo in tho soil, but only moro or lesa aoluble. Now for tho tecond fortiltzing matorlal found in the complete fertilizer, dnng. This ia roTASsiUM. It ia a metal looking likeailvor, but aoft as wax, and nearly as inflammable as, phosphorus. It will burn when it ia thrown upon wator. Though a metal, it is light onough to float, and n ploco of it thrown into a dish of water will swim around on the top of it, flaming brilllantly until it is all burnt up. Where did it go to ? Taste of tho water it was burnt on, and you will find it has a queer taste. Boil the water down until it is all ovaporatod, and when you " augar it off " you will find that you havo got juat ex aotly what you get when you boil down lye made from wood-ashes roTAsn. The third fertillzlng olement in dung was found to be nitkookn. Pure nitro gen ia a gas, and in this pure form it con stitutes about four-fif ths of the air wo broathe. In this pure form it offecta but one of our senses. Wo can feel tho wind, but cannot see, taste or smell it, unlesa it is taintod with aomothing else. But when nitrogen becomos combined with other substances it becomes pungent enough, and noticeable by all our senses. When nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas unite, they form a gas which is called ammonia (sometimes called hartahorn). This is alwaya found when dung " heats," and is one of the commonest smells of a dung heap. When nitrogen combines with oxygen gas in dne proportion, they form together a white liquid that looka as in nocent as water, bnt is really one of the strongeat and most corrosive of acids, called nitric acid, or " aqua-fortis." Oar readers will havo noticed that when wri ting of fertilizsrs weoften apeak of " com bined nitrogen." By this convenient ex pression we cover all thoso combinations of nitrogen found in dung or other fer- tilizera, including' ammonia and ita aalts, and nitrio acid and ita salts. " What are salts ?" the enqulrer will ask. You see that Mr. Jameson speaks of " chemicals that look liko Balt." Our common salt uaed on food ia a " salt," but there are lota of other "aalts." Some are very familiar, like " Epsom salts," which is sulphate of magnesia. The nitrogen aalts are quito numerous, and among those used in fertilizers are the salts of ammo nia, and the aalts of nitrio acid. Of the first, the sulphate of ammonia ia most commonly used, and looka almost exaotly like common salt. The two common nitrio acid salta are the twb saltpeters, " nitrate of potash " (common aaltpeter) and "nitrate of soda," or "aoda aalt peter." The latter, being cheaper, is the one most commonly used in fertilizers. But besides the nitrogen " salts," com bined nitrogen ia found in other forms equally useful for plant food. Flesh and blood are both rich in these " nitrogen ous " substances, and so are fiah, cotton seed, etc. There is also from three to four per cent of combined nitrogen in raw bone. It is this fact which makea ground raw bone worth more as a fertilizer than the South Carolina rock. There ia aa much phosphoric acid in the South Caro lina rock as in bono, but not a mite of nitrogen. So by mixing ground bone and ashes together you have a " complete fer tilizer," that ia, a fertilizer like dung, good for all crops. But if you use the South Carolina rock to f urnish phosphoric acid, you must get your combined nitro gen and your potash from other things if you want a complete fertilizer, and you will take your choice from among them all according to their cheapness. For potash you may use either ashes or Ger man potash salta. For nitrogen you can take your plck among sulphate of ammo nia, nitrate of soda, dried blood, dried iish, cotton-seed moal, etc. Now it seema to us that in this article we have made this matter of making ar- tificial dung (for that is what it amounts to) " as plain as plain can be." But we know how difficult it is to learn new things, and retain thom in mind. So we aay to those who wish to understand the subjoct woll, out out this article and study it, and if you find anything in it that is blind, or needs more explanation, write to ub your questions, aud we will apare no pains to make all plain. Sabin's and Cutting's Keports on Commorclal Ferlllizors. Secrotary Cutting has published, with remarks, Chomist Sabin's report of analy- sea made of the fertilizers sold in this state. It appeared on the last page of tho issue of Tiik Watchman of April 10. Professor Sabin analyzed only a part of the aamples, being prevented from flnishing his task by sickness in his family and inoreasod work. IIo estimates the nitrogen by a method which does not give the nitrogen present as nltrates, al though this must be unfair to those makers who use nitrate of soda as the source, in full or in part, of the nitrogen in tholr fertilizero. Professor Sabin says this ia " tho common method." It cor tainly ia not the method of the Connecti cut Experiment Station, which in ita re port for 1883 gives in separate columns "Nitrogen of Nitratea," Nitrogen of Am. monia Salts," and "Nitrogen of Organlo Mattera ;" and thla is the way it should be doae. In the Qulnnipiao Fertilizer Com pany's Fish and Potash (Crossed Fishes brand) a considerable portion (1.38 per ceut) oxista as nitratea, and the same is true of tho Mapoa Complete Manure for light or sandy soil, and several other f er tilizers ou the list. But If Professor Sabin is unfair to the makora ln this respeot, Seoretary Cutting a good deal more than makos it up to them in his standard of "comparative valuos," and in taking for comparison tho lowest flguros in tho manufacturor's state ment of composition instead of the aver ago, or tho selllng prlce. Tho Connecti cut Station has in its last report reducod ita "trade valuo" standard of aoluble phoaphorlo aold from twelvo and one-half cents a pound to ten cents, while It shows that even on tho small aoalo of pri vato oxporimont tho farmer can prepare aoluble phosphorlo acid for loss than eight oento a pound. But Dr. Cutting rnain taina twelve and one-half cents as his "standard." Tho Connecticut Station estimates " reverted " phosphorlo acid in superphosphates at eight cents a pound. Dr. Cutting says : " Some figure soluble phosphorlo aold at twelve and one-half cents and reverted at eight cents, but as I beliove that tho reverted is as valuable as the soluble, I see no reason to reduce tho price of it." That, certainly, is one way to look at it ; but we think the farmer who buys fertilizsrs will bo apt to aay : " If soluble phosphoric acid is worth no more than reverted, and if the reverted in superphosphates is valued at eight cents a pound, then tho soluble ought to be cal culated at the aame price. By these two ways of reckoning tak ing the lowest figures of tho guarantoo, instead of tho selllng price for compari son, and calculatiug both soluble and re verted phosphorio acid at the very high est rate ever taken fot soluble aloue, Sec retary Cutting is able to make a far bet ter showing for the fertilizer makera than ia made anywhero else, and ought to be proportionally entitled to their gratitude. We fear it will look a little inconsistent to those who have heard Dr. Cutting's locturea on fertilizers (in which he has undertaken to ahow them that a fertilizer as good as Bradley's XL can be made for about $15 a ton by the farmer, on a small scale), to be now ahown by Dr. Cutting's own figures that the Bradley fertilizer is actnally worth 811.87 per ton I As for ourself, we are satisfied that the first estimate was too low, and that a ton made by Dr. Cutting's formula is not nearly so good as a ton of Bradley's XL. We are equally satisfied that his present eslimate of the Bradley is far too high. It is too high, not alone in the eatimate of phosphoric acid, but in the estimate of nitrogen. Dr. Cutting estimatea all the nitrogen (as well aa phosphorio acid) at a very high rate, twenty-four cents be ing allowed for all the nitrogen in the fertilizers reported on : Tho Connecticut Station now allows twenty-two cents for nitrogen in ammonia salts, only twenty cents for nitrogen in nitrates, seven- teen cents for nitrogen in fine ground bone, and eighteen cents for nitrogen and fine dry and fine ground blood, meat and fish. The queerest thiug of all in this connection is that Dr. Cut ting estimates "ammonia" at twenty- six cents, although nitrogen is the val uable eloment of ammonia, and seven teen parts of ammonia contain but four- teen parta of nitrogen, so that the value of ammonia is really but fourteen-seven- teenths of the value of nitrogen. To make this matter clearer we will give our estimation of the value of tho Brad ley XL fertilizer as analyzed by Professor Sabin and calculated upon Dr. Cutting's " values," and then, taking the same an alysis, give the Connecticut " values." It should bo remembered that the latter "values " aro still too high, and they are specially stated to be adopted not as true values, but as " a standard of comparison." The following is Professor Sabin's an alysis in percentages, with Dr. Cutting's valuation : Nitrogen 2,7 boluble nhoauhorlG acid 7.0 ueveneii puospnonc acui 2.33 inxoLuoie pnoHpnonaacia z.s l'otash '2.1 Estlinated value (per ton) 41.87 The following is our calculation, reduc ing tho percentages to pouuds and using the Connecticut valuation. According to the Connecticut analysis all but a small portion of the nitrogen of Bradley's phos phate (one-third of one per cent) is from organic matter, probably dried blood None is from ammonia salts. M Ib3 nltrogon from dry organlo unttcr.at 18c. $9.73 140 tbs soluble phoepuorlo acid. at lOo 14.00 itH ns reverted phoaphorle add , at 8c 3.80 5ft It lnsoluble phonphorlc acid, at 4c 2.24 ti Ibi potaah, at 4o 1.79 Total. 191.56 Thus it is seen that by Dr. Cutting's method of figuring Bradley's XL super phosphate is mado to appear worth $10.31 per ton more than when calculated by the Connecticut standard, which is itself at least twenty per cent too high, taking the pricea at which tho same materials can be bought in other forms. Dr. Cutting gives in a second column, not the Belling price of the fertilizers ex amined, but what be figures them to be worth, taking their compo8ition at the lowest figures on their Iables. Thus on Bradley's XL label tho figures are Nitrogen 2 to SU per cent Boluble phosphorlo add 7 to8 per cent Iteverted puofpborlo acid i to I per oent Intoluble phosphorlo acid. 2 to3 per cent 1'oUub 1 to 3 per cent There is far too much variatlon here, muoh more thau there usually is, indeod, in Bradley's fertilizers, but tho figures are no doubt so made to cover any accldental and unintended variatiou that might occur in single paokages. Professor Sabin's analysis ahowa that this fortillzer averages conBiderably better than the lowest figures given above, yet Dr. Out ting usea them, becauso " guarantees mean only the least '' a statemont ref uted by his ohemist's figures, all through. In the above remarks we have choson to take Bradley's XL aa a toxt, beoause it is the favorite fertilizer in this state, and in our opinion the most uniformly made of any that has beeu sold here through a long seriea of years. With Dr. Cutting'a high valuca ho makea a good showing for Crooker'a Buffalo Phosphato and Potato Phosphate, and shows that the latter is really a epoclal fertilizer, havlng for potatoos a larger oxcoss of potaBh. The " Original Coo'a " phosphate, made by Bradley, the " Solublo Paclfio Guano," tho Detroit " Sugar Phosphate," and tho Dolo "Common Sense" fortlllzora aro ehown (by Dr. Cutting'a "values") to analyzo from 88 to $10 more than their lowest guarantoo, but as the selllng pricea aro not given we aro lef t in tho dark as to how tho analysos comparowith them. For tho first time we noto a Vermont mado fertilizer, tho product of the " Slack Fertilizer Company " of Springfield, Vt. Two brands are roported " Slack'o Bono Phosphate" and "Slack'a Dissolved Bone." The lowest guarantoo of tho first is set down at $25.50 and the 7alue (at Dr. Cuttiug'a rates) at $58.02 ; of the aecond tho lowest guarantee ia $33 30, and the value, at the same rates, $51.00 ; but, as with all tho rest, the selllng pricea are not given. We should like to know more of this artiole. Tho Bowker fertilizers stand generally low in this report. At Dr. Cntting's val ues, "IIlll and Drlll" is set as worth $3814; "Bowker'a Phosphate," $33.40, and"Bowker'a Dissolved Bone," $34.02. Bowker's specials are not reported upon. Taking this report altogether, it seems to us far from satisfactory, and a long step backward (where perhaps a short one would have been wise) from Seoretary Cutting's former position on the fertilizer quention. Itailrond Injustlce. The Vermont railroads receive their vast charterod privileges from the people of Vermont, the great majority of whom earn their living by tilling the soil and are poor men. Compared with the mer- cantile class in the state the farmers are an overwhelming majority. Yet as the buyers and sellera handle produce and merchandise in larger quantities than farmers, the railroads are able, without tecnmcai lniastice, to aiscnminato lm- mensely in f avor of merohants and against farmers. Nobody would complain at any thing that could be considered a fair aud reasonable difference between what is called car-load rates of freight, and the rates for amaller quantities. But look at this, brother farmers. We have been interesting ourself to help our readers buy their fertilizers at rates that will enable them to make a fair profit on the use of them. We have induced several dealers to give tolerably reasonable rates for fer tilizer materials, though atrongly opposed in doing so by fertilizer manufacturers, wbo to a great extent are able to control these goods. And now, when we can get these materials at lower rates, we are met by the railroads on this "car-load "pretext with a discrimination almost prohibitory, A car-load of fertilizers (twenty-five thou- sand pounds) is bronght from Boston to northern Vermont for $12.50, or at the rato of $3.40 per ton ; but for a lesa quan tity from six to eleven dollars per ton is charged to the buyer. J.ne lormer price is charged even when as much as eight tons is shipped afonce, and the latter by the barrel or bag. The only possible excuse that the corporations can nrge for this treatment of the farmers of the state is that it must be a good rule, for it works both ways. If one of us wants to send a barrel of apples, or a barrel of potatoes, or a bag of beans to a friend " down-country," we are charged from $1.25 to $2.20 freight. If we want to send a calf twenty-five miles in a freight car, we are charged twice as much as a man pays to travel the same distance in a parlor car. These are prac tical experieuces of our own, and we have no doubt that almost every reader can duplicate them. Corporations have no bodies to be harmed and no souls to suffer, yet they are sensitivo to public opinion when it rises in its strength and makes itself heard and obeyed in legislative bodies. Generally, legislatures are " managed " by the railroad " strikera " who are hired for the purpose, but a legislature fresh from an aronsed people is a different thing. They are finding it out in Now York just now, and next fall they ought to find it out in Vermont. Bowker's Fertlllors. We are in receipt of a letter from the president of the Bowker Fertilizer Com pany, in which he states that tho Hill and Drill fertilizer is sent of the same quality into both Connecticut and Vermont. This rofers to a supposition of ours, in tended by us as explanatory of the differ ence between the analyses of these goods by the Connecticut Experiment Station and by Professor Sabin of Burlington. Mr. Bowker does not impugn either analy sis, but believes the difference shown to have been due to somo accldental varia tion in a single package. Ho tells us that he direoted the firm in Connecticut, from whom the samples analyzed by the Con necticut Station wore obtained, to send a samplo to Professor Goessman, the Massa chusetta inspector of fertilizers, and he forwards to us the professor's autograph report, as follows : " Statemont of analysis of sample of fortillzer receiyed on 0 Maroh, 1881, of Coburn & Galo of Hartford, Connecticut : MoUture at 100"C 17.10 per cent Total or punaphorlo acid 12.58 per cent Holuble phoKpborlo acid 0.76 per ceut llevertea pboiphorlo acid 1.11 per cent I nnoluble phosphoric acid 5.49 per cent Nitrogen (ontaulc) 2.25 per oent Nitrogen (nltratei) 37 per oent rotaaalumoilde 1.27 per cent (Slgned) C. A. Goessman. Andovor, Massachusetts." Thia analyals agrees olosely with Pro fessor Sabin's, and so far confirms the statement that tbe goods sold in both statea are of identical composition. Mr. Bowker assuroa us that " aa we have but one quality it should bo so." Wo do not think, under the clrcnmstances, that our readers Bhould form any unfavorablo con oluslons in regard to the Bowker fertil izer in consequenco of this divorgenco of tho Connecticut and Vermont analyses alone. X Horllculturnl Socloty. Ono of our postal card corrospondents (and if you have no timo to writo more, your postals are always welcome), says, speaklng of tho proposal for a State Ilor tlcultural Socloty : " I hope wo ehall havo ono, for thousands of dollars are paid out in Vermont for worthleva or unsuitablo trocs and planta which might bo savod if one-tenth tho money were spent in con- tributlng to a Bociety that would keep us postod." Thia ia very true. Michigan as a fruit-growing state is an example of what a horticultural socloty can do for the peo ple. Its orchardlsts, who formerly planted liit or miss in the solection of fruit, and filled up their ground with unprofitable varioties, now have the collected oxperi- enoo from all parts of tho state as to what is best. The tren peddlars take vast sums of money out of Vermont that the farmers can ill spare, for worthless stock. In the vlllage of Barton Landlng, a few yeara ago, one peddlar took $0Q0 for apple treea of Borta that were practioally worthless Revive Regulate Restore TCvcrybody l;nnwswliat"tliat tlrcil fcollnfr" Is. It allllcts tho Iiumaii family when tho wcatlicr grows warmer ln tho snrlng and carly summer, Just as Naturo, refrcshcd from hcr long wlnter's rcst, ls prcparlng to dlsplay hcr self ln new bcauty and jmwcr.' Tho contrast between tho clianglng season, and tho condi tlon ol the body at this time, makes ono fccl even moro tlred, dcspondent, aud mlserablc. Tho rcfrcshlng, tonlng, and luvlgoratlng ln flucnccs which the system cravcs, will bo found ln Ilood's Sarsaparllla, tnu rellablo Sprlng medlcluo and blood purlfler. Strehgthen "I rcgard Ilood's Sarsaparllla as tho most rellablo and best Sprlng medlclno. I had trlcd many otliers without good rcsults, until I gavo Ilood's Sarsaparllla a fair trlal, when I was convlnccd It was superlor to all othcrs. Every Sprlng I tako threo bottles of Hood's Sarsa parllla, and know nothing of that terrlble languor so prcvalcnt at that season of tho year." Mrs. J. )I. Cauteh, No. 10 Madlson Strcct, Boston, Mass. "Hood's Sarsaparllla tonesup my system, purlfles my blood, and seems to make mo over." W. J. llLAHt, Cornlng, N. Y. Purify the Blood " I havo used Ilood's Sarsaparllla for somo time, and havo dcrlvcd bcncflt thcrcfrnm. It gives mo an appetlto, and strcugthcns tho wholo system. I can chcerfully rccomniend 't to all who necd a bulldlHg up and strcngth enlng medlclne." Josiah W. Cook, I'rcsl dcut Mutual Firo Ins. Co., Cambridge, Ma.ss. "I havo mado lt a rule fnr yeara tousoa a Sprlng medlclno to cleanso my blood and tono up my system. Last Sprlng Hood's Sar saparllla gavo mo agood appetlto, and sccmed to bulld mo ovor.' ' E. M. Hale, Ltma, Ohlo. Hood's Sarsaparilla Sold by all drugglsts. $1; six for $3. Mado Sold by all drugglsts. $1; six for ?5. Mado only by C. I. HOOD & CO., Lowell, Mass. only by a 1. 1IOOD & CO., Lowell, Mass.,, 100 Doses One Dollar. 100 Doses Ono Dollar. PARSONS" And will complctly chango the blood ln tho ontlro system ln three months. Any pcrson xo will tako 1 1111 each nlght from 1 to 13 wocka, may be rcntorcd to aoanrl health, lf guch a thlngr bo posalblo. For Fcinalo Complnlnts theso rills havo no eqaal. l'hysicians ngo them for tho curo of T.IVKK and KIDNKV diseaseg. Sold everywhere, or sent by mnll for SSc. ln dtamps. Circulars free. I. S. JOHNSON & CO., Hoston, Jlajj. DPHTHERA JOHNSON'S ANODYNE LINIMENT CUItr.S lnnuema, niecdlnit at the I.nnss. Iloarse- ness, Ilackuii; Coueh, Whooplnit Couun, unromc iiiarnicca. jiysenier, i noiera .norous, Kiuney irouuics,ana Discases of tho Splne. Sold everywhere. Circulars free. I S. JOHNSON & CO., Uoston, Mass. It is awell-knnwn fact that most of tho norse and Cattle l'owder sold In this coun try Is vtorthlcss; that Sherldan's Condltlon Towdcrls absolutely pure and very valuable. Nnthlnf nn Kartll will niilko hena lnvliko Sliorlil:in'H(!nnilUlon low- ilnr. Doe. otio tensnoonful to each rtlntof food. Itnill alto posltlvclv jirevent nnd cure I IIoRCholera,tc. Soldeverywhere,orentbymallforUe.la Uj fg if pril CDA (tamrs. Furnlshed lnlarRe cans.prieetl.DO; byinall.f 1JO. j n OHUI.C.r(A, Circulars free. I. 8. JOHNSON & CO., Uostou, llajs. SOI.T BY O. UI.AKEI.ET. BIONTl'EI.IKn. VT. Wm forKhS wm CONSUMPTION hasbocn cur ed timos without numbor by tho timo ly uso of Downs' Elixir. lt will curo Croup, BronchUia, Asthma, Tleu rlsy, Whoopln y-Co ugh , Lung Fevcr, anil all dlsoases of tho TJiroat, Chcst and JAings, whon other rcmodlos fall, F" 'r " IIEltBT, JOnilOOU t LCED, rrap'e, Satlltstcs, vt. Serurlty 3 tn UllUM'Hloail. iti:hi:st neiiil-aiintiul ind intlu ut jiiur lioiiii n.liliiii ftinr littii of biiHlneMiL r.o ln und ltultl nt i uur liome. viui year nl rlnsurn, walt for InU'nvt, or ltl K'l'.if W.l',.ri.,i.-1. all vestor oor liad to imy taica.oocte of for Wrltu lf you liu.o lnoni'V to loaii. AiliUTM arotuid you. iniiii iiiiiti. D. S. B, JOHNSTON &, SOU, SALEM LEAD COMPANY, PURE WHITE LEAD! LEAD PIVE and SIIEET LEAD. All voodi xarranteJ toUtqual lolht Utt in the marktt Vbamk A, Uiowh, Treaa. HAXEM, MASS. for that sectlon ; yet near by thoro were nurserles whero they could havo got tho best sorts for one quarter tho money. Such instances aro common, all ovor the state. Tiik protootionlst cannot succeod in maintainlng high duties without plenty of votos. But the votos of all tho manu facturers and all their help aro but a drop in the blg buckot full of popular ballota. The farmers, tralned by Horace Greeley, have heretoforo been the bulwark of the proteetlonlst voto, and have been poorly paid by a fow low duties on agricultural products. Tho last congrosa threw the wool-growers overboard, and tbe present congress refuses to throw them a ropo, showing that tho politicians, whether call ing themselves protectionists or revenue tariff men, have agreed that " raw mate rials " (that is, agricultural products) are to have no more protection. But taking off the tariff on raw products will in a very little time lose the manufacturers the agricultural vote, for if the "poor farmer " can livo without protection the argnment in favor of the "poor manu facturer" and the " poor oporativo " will lose all its weight. If American labor is to be " protected " everywhere else but on the farm, where most of it is to be found, then " twenty million working men will know the reason why." Tho clilldrcn nccd tho ald of a rcllable Sprlng medlclno as much as adults. Tho warm wcather has upon them an equally dcprcsslng effect, which sllght vexatlons and hard study at school aggravatc, making them nervous, cross, and fretful. IMmples or scrof ulous humors are apt to manlfest themselves, addlng dlscomfort to dcprcssion. Ilood's Sar saparllla has In thousands of cases proved a boon and blcsslng to suflcrlnR hlldren, cx pclllng all traco of scrofula from tho blood, tonlng up tho body, and glvlng to the dlges- I tlvo organs hcaltby and regular actlon. the System " Last Sprlng my two chlldren were vaccl nated. Soon aftcr, they broke all out with run nlng sorcs, so drcadful I tliought I should lose them. Somo ono spoko to mo about Hood's Sarsaparllla as a purlfler of tho blood. I bought a bottlo and gavo lt to tho chlldren. Soon as they began to tako lt, thoy began to get better, tlll It curcd them completely j and they havo rcmalncd so ever slnce." Mbs. C. L. THostrsoN, West Warren, Mass. Mr. J. N. Ketchum, of Barre, Vt., says that his boy had several very ugly scrofulous soros on his lcg. Hood's Sarsaparllla cured hlm. i "Hood's Sarsaparllla dld mo a great deal ot good. I had no partlcular dlscasc, but was tlred out from overwork, and Ittoncdmoup." Mits. G. E. Simmons, Cohocs, K. Y. "About a year ago I commenced taking Ilood's Sarsaparllla. I was all run down, had no appetlto ; my food would not dlgcst, and I was troubled with nervous debillty. On taking Ilood's Sarsaparllla I commenced to fccl tho cffects of lt at once. Havo now takon four bottles and can say I feel liko a new man." J.II. McCall, Rochester, N. Y. PURGATIVE PILLS N 51 7 r o Ji O-J sJ g Croap, Antlmm, Iironchltls, Neural Rln, IthciimutUm. JOIINSON'S ANO DVNE I.l.NlilKNT iforlnttrnaland Extrrnal Use) will Instantnneously rellcvo these tcrrlblo dlscascs, and will posltlvcly curo nine cases out of tcn. lnl'ormatlon that will save many lives sent freo by mall. Don't dclay a moment. I'rcventlon ls better than cure. MAKE HENS LAY J. 11. I10SAK1), OF.OROK B. CLIFrOBD, QEOltOK A. BATCIIELDEK. Tho Dakota Investmeiu Co., Grand Forks, Dakota. ( (LaTtLT DoaiaD & CurroRD.) Money loaned on First Mortpage wcurlty npon lmproved licil lllvtT Valley Farms, at 8 Per Cent Net We have made over one thonund loans, araregattng JI.VJ.1XX), upon Dakota fanns wttbont tbe loea of a alnsla dollar to the Invetor aloneyplaced and lntereat and princlpal collected and tranfrnllted free of enarp. For referencee and full partlculara addreu the Ikot3 Inveatn.ent Uomimny, Grand Forks, Dnkota, BOSARD & CLIFFORD, Attomoys nt I.aw. Careful attention given to all Iegal matten wlthln ths Terrlrory of Dakota. Jt-U Sherburne & Dodge, Central Vermont Bicycle miil Tricycle Aucncy! Those wlshlng to pnrchase Ulcyclea or Tricycle the cornlng season will flnd lt to tholr advantage to call on or addreni the above parues. Agcnta for The rope Slanufacturlng Company, Ovenuan Whoel Company, Stoddard, Loverlng .t Co. A few aeoond-hand machlne may be h&d early ln the teaoon. Address with atamp SUEUUUKXE A DOUGK, 41-S6 ltarre, Veruiont.