THE HISTOR
CAL SOCIETY.
Adjourned Annual Meeting Held
at Montpelior Friday Af.
tornoon and Evening.
DEWEY FUND INVESTED
Will lie Kept until 11 fx l.nrge llnnugli
H I'nj- for ii Mntuc nf Admiral
I)fi'' Address hy .luiljr
Stafford of Wnshliiir
lii.'i, 1). f.
Montpeller, Nov. 10. The adjourned
tinnual meeting of the Vermont Histor
ical society was held at Us looms In
tho Slato Uoii6e this I'f ternoon at two
6'clock. President Henedlct wn In tho
chair and tho following members were
present George G. Heuedlct, George
Jlavenport, Frank L. Greene, M. F. Al
ien, George Rlanrhard, W, A. Shnw, C.
S. Forbes, T. S. Puck, F. 10. Smith, fl.
XV. "U'lritf, Dr. H. I). Tlotton. W. V.
ptlcknny, Joseph A. Dolioor. Kdwnrd I).
Field, I.A Fayette Wilbur, Prof. George
). Perkins, F-dwnrd II. Dcavltt, J. L.
Pouthwlck, Mason S Stone, w. N. I
Therluult, W. W. Jlusband.
The ofTlcrrs elected for the ensuing
year are: President, George G. Bene
dict, Burlington; vice-presidents. Wil
liam W. Stlckney, Ludlow, Fred A.
llowlaud, Montpeller, 11. Charles Roice.
Bt. Albans, recording secretary, Joseph
A. DeUoer, Montpeller; corresponding;
secretaries, Theodore S. Peck,, HurllnK
ton, Charles K. Follies, St. Albans;
treasurer, Henry F. Flold, Kutland; li
brarian, Kdwnrd M. Uoddnrd, .Mont
peller. CUHATOUS.
Hira Bralnord, Addison county; Samuel
23. Hall, Hennlngton county; the Jtcv.
Jlenry Fairbanks', Caledonia county; tlie
kv. John K. Goodrich, Chittenden county;
Forter H. Dale, Ksfe:; .eimty: Walter H.
t'rockett, IYanklln cjunty; Nelson Wilbur
risk, Grand Isle county; Carroll S. Page,
J-unolllo county; Dr. Geori?o Davenport,
grange county; F. W. Baldwin. Origins
Jounty, P. It. Leavenworth. Kutland
ounty; Hiram ';lrlnton, Washington
ounty; Bert Dm cry Morrlani, Wlndhim
)ounty, and Gilbert A. Davis, Windsor
lounty: Frederick n. Fleetwood, secretary
)f State; Horace F. Onhatu, auditor of
lecounts and George W. Wing, Ktatr
tbrarian, ex-o!Ticlo.
STANDING COMMITTIOF.S.
On l'brary, Joseph A. DeHorr. K. M.
Goddnrd, John K. Goodrich; on printing,
.Theodore S. Peck, Fred A. I lowland.
Walter H. Crockett; on finance, Henry F.
Field, Joseph A. DeBoer, Fred A. Ilow
Vind. DEATH OF MDMBF.BS.
The report of board of managers, pre
rented by Uncording Secietary DeUner, 1
showed that the society has lost by deoili
since tho last report, tho following mem
bers; Henry Ballard of Burl!i;tnn, dis
tinguished member of tho Chittenden
county bar; Charles M. Bliss of Benmng-I
tnn, identified with the nrlgin nf the Ben
K'ngton battlo monument; Wilder I,. Bur
nap of Burl ngton, lnv;yer, scholar and
gentleman, Charles Dewey of Montpeller,
financier; Major Dwlght II. Keltnn, V. S.
, A , of Montixllcr, soldier and loynl cltlzm
of the State; Dr. William N. Piatt of i
j fihoroham, trustee of State ns-ylum, and
I Arthur Hopes of Montpeller, learned wri
ter and ed'tor. Bilef liioraplncal
sketches of lhce men were read and will
I be published with tho proceedings of the
society.
Tho managers reported that the interest
j In tho objects of the society erntlnues .o
s Increase nnd they urged the members o
us" their Influence toward tho securement
lof up-to-dato local histories, In towns
Tvhere they do not already exist, In order
that a true record of events and mm may
tot be lost through neglect.
DELAY IN DHWRY MONUMKNT.
A matter of particular interest to Ver
pionters was brought to the attention of
the Bociety In this report.
rho charter of
the society was amended in YM by the
general Assembly so ns to einble It to ac
cept property loaned or committed to It
Heart Palpitation?
Yon probably have no organic heart trouble,
it is just indigestion.
Indigestion is cured by
H. C. TABLETS
Do jou have the ' blues " often?
H. C. TABLETS
Are yen troubled with constipation?
Keguiite your liver with
H. C. TABLETS
Hive you tick headache? I'slns In your
back?
H. C. TABLETS
JMPIf you are not feelirg veil, writo us
Ei Ing your sympioms, ami our physician will
presenbe for you tree ot charge.
CUmax Medicated l'owder best for
cores and inflammation.
YOUR
FAMILY
HISTORY
SHOULD
BE PRINTED
MAKE A SPECIALTY OF OKNB
OLOOICAu WORK.
TREE PRESS ASSOCIATION,
UUKUNUTON, VT.
I 8TANDARD REMEDY CO.. I
215 Market St., Lynn, Mast. J
THE
on trust or condition. Under this grant of
power a deed of trust from tho Dewey
tnoiinmcnt oommlttro won undertaken by
the iillleers. 't'lils eommlttoo wn.i organ
ized In 1SD3 with tho object of securing imd
presenting to Hit) HUUo nf Vermont a
monument to commemorate Admiral Dew
ey's victory tit Manila. The deed of trusT
given covers the amount of money collect
pd by the committee, U.5'.'1,1K, said nrnounl
nemg deemed insunicltnt for tho purpo-o ;
originally contemplated, The deed pro-j
vldes that the Roclrty shall retain this;
fund and Invest It In such securities as tho
law allows ermont ravines, banks in Ih.Iituu. ,i.ini. i. i.,nin t.v wMin m,.., i. ........,.i..
. .
vest III, until such time n.s such fund with
It.i nccrotlons and any nddltlons thereto,
may, In tho Judgment of the board of
mniiiKers of the society, be HUfllclent to.
creu u statue of George Dewey, the adml-
rnl nf tho navy, In the portico of the Stnto
enpltol nt Montpeller, tir If that bo not
possible or ndvlable, at such place In
Montpeller as said committee may deter
mine. This fund was lecelved and de
posited In the Montpeller Savings Untile &
Trust company May 12, lPM.
The soclily voted to accept the trust
nnd nulluirlze,! the treasurer to Invest
the fund In acrnrilnnce with the terms
of the trust deed.
ni:ponT of unnAitiAN,
The librarian, T:. M. Goddnrd, reported
numerous effective changes In tho pub
lic presentation of the society's collec
tions and iiitnln culled attention to the
luck of proper room ami absence of
prion r workh'ir fnellltles for tho soci
ety. The fact that the State of Ver
mont holds nn lire ocablo reverslonurv
Interest )i nil lis properly should io
siilllelent reison for a more decided
support and provision for Itn wcll-bc-Itijt:
nnd extension by the State.
He reported tin; number of bound vol-
nines ind pi'niphlols added to the li
brary durlnr tho year as .'112. The so
ck ty Iins also recelvmt u large number
of the current periodical publications
of Severn) historical socle'les nnd In-
.tltutlons both by way of cxcl.ru.ge nnd;Tll.lt , what pnvo hm on '
um gifts. 'J hi! cxclmngu list Is rapidly
growing.
HISTOItlfAl. Al!TU'I,i:S AND ItKUCS.
(I) .Mode' of a steim engine built
by Capt. Samuel Morey of Fnirlee. Tills
lis a model of the engine built by C.ipt.
Morey for which he wna grunted a pa
tent March 'J.l. IT'.'Ti. This model was
pte.'cuteii to the society by Mrs. Ame
lia S. Kibbey of Falrlee.
(" Two iiwoi'dj and six military and
society biideu and about 25 commis
sions and diplomas of the lato General
Morritt Burlier. Presented by Mr3.
Delllnh W. Burlier.
3 Two uword"". epaulettes nnd sash
of Col. Oscar S. Tuttle. flth regiment,
Vt. Vol. Inf. Presented by Mrs. Kllen
.M. Tuttle.
(4) Wooden enc containing a gavel
nnd block nnd other ai tides mado from
ninterliil secured from various histori
cal places. Preunte,! by the Bunker
Hill lllstorlc.il society.
(5) Case containing a collection of
nn'r (lowers made hy Mrs. John Ford
of Itnndolpli, In lSV.-T. and presented
bv her daughters.
The "Max Severance Collection of
Philippine Curios," which was present
ed to the society In 1S04, has been put
In plnce during tho past year. This
collection, consisting of 50 nrtlc.Ies,
was made by Max Klvln Severance of
Montpeller, while attached to the com
mand of General Stunner ns Associated
Press c orrespondent, during the Moro
uprising in Zainboonga in September,
1P02.
Tho librarian recommends tho cat
aloguing of books, maps, medals, man
uscripts, etc., belonging to the socloty
at tho expenuo of the State, the work
to be done under tho direction of the
State librarian.
The treasurer, Henry Field of nut
land, reported balance on hand October
HJ, 1!I05, $4.15.24. Receipts during tho
year, f211.5D. Disbursements, 5142.25,
leaving a balance on hand of $504.55.
NKW MK.M riHRS ADMITTED.
The follow. ng members were admitted:
A. O. Osgood, Itaiidolph; G. O. Stratton,
W. O. Andrus, ly. Han Crosis, W. T.
l)owv. .1. H. Rst-e, Montpeller; M. ,1.
llapgood. rein; Geoigo M. Ilogan, C. D.
Wiitson, St. Albans, F. M. Crosby. Hast
ings, Minn.; II. K. Iari:i. Chelsea; W.
M. Hatch. Strafford; Dr. II. D. Holton,
Ilrattleboro; C. W. Howard, Shotcham;
C. S. Ix.id, U'lnooski; '.. M. Mansur, New
iv.rt; Mary H. Pease, Harriot Town, Ilur
llngton; V. Ii. Hlchiuds, Fair Haven, C.
M. Thompson, Cambridge, Mass.; A. K.
Watson, llartfotd: the Hev. Dr. ,1, Kd
ward Wright, MnntpeUcr; C. II. Hradloy,
Hostiti; Dr. J. IS. IiTalnen.1, Urooklln.;,
Mass.; Mary 1.. Tracy, Johnson.
It. If. I'teblo of Shoreham withdrew
fi.,,. r,o.nli-wh I m nn.l l.lo i-rl i-n t Inn .Vf.j
IY,.s!(lr.nt nenedict, who has
served 111 that capacity for ten years asked
that some one be elected this jear In lit J
place, but ho was unanimously re-elected
for Lrnthcr year.
Til 13 ANNIVKHSARY KXHRCISKS.
The anniversary exercises were held I
this evening In Representatives' hall.
The judges of the supreme cnurt occu
pied seats near tho speaker's desk and
1 tlie members of Marquis de Lafayette
(Chapter, Daughters of tho American
I Revolution, attended In a body. The
Hon (J, o. Hene.lict of Ilurllngton,
president of the society, presided,
Prayer wns offered by the Rev. I)r, J.
Edward Wright.
PRKS. HENKHICT'S REMARKS.
In n brief npenlnu- address President
Henedlct said the society In celebrat
ing to-day Its Cth annual meeting
with the largest membership In Its hls
tr.rv could see the mnrks of Its Influ
ence In the memorials and monuments
that havo been erected In the Stnto
slii'c tno Inst meeting. Thla socloty
whh one of seven history societies In
the country t: at wns Invited to attend
the celebration of tlie I'OOth anniver
sary nf tho birthday of Henjamln
Fiunklln at Philadelphia last April.
Mr. Henedlct gave some Interesting
features of that celebration which ho
attended ns a representative ot the
Vermont Historical society,
Ho then introduced Judgo Wendell
P, Stafford of Wnshlngton, T). C, to
speak on Thnddmis Stovens. Judgo
Staffotd was very cordially received
He said in part:
JUDGE STAFFORD'S ADDRESS.
Tho subject wns '"I'lindde'i" yieyens Hir
leodor of the House of Representative!,
ami Father or tlio Const lutein. Aid m
menta." The address dealt briefly with
Htcvenu' early II To In this State, referring
to his birth In Danville, his boyhood In
Penchnm, his education nt tho academy
there, his term or two at the university
In Hurllngton and his graduation from
Dartmouth, It noticed tho streng-th of his
mother's character, to whoso unquestion
ing sacrifice Stevons owed his chance In
llfn. It sketched rapidly his early days
at tlio bir in Fannsylvarvia where he went
to teach school and study law, speaking
of the generosity nnd zeal with which
ho defended the fugitive slave cases com
mon at that time In that vicinity. It
made clear his grcatnoss aa a lawyer, cit
ing tho admission of Jeremiah Dlack, a
rival both In luw and politics, who de
clared nt Stevens's death that he did not
leave his equal at the American bar. It
dwelt emphatically upon Stevens's ro-
BUTILINGTON FREE
mnrknblo n-hiovement In tho Legislature
oj i-ennsyivnnin, wnon no saved tho free
ScllOn! 1.1W 111 nn. AKflemll1f whir-!, fi.ljl
school l.xw In no Assembly whim had
been Instructed hy n great majority of
Its constituents to repeal It. Stevens on
tered Congress for tho first time In 1S19,
and In 1810 made his first set speech In
t'hat body In opposition to the fugitive
slave law, but ho was sonio years ahead of
Ills lime. When he returned In nintrn4
for his grent service the Civil War w.i
Just coming on nnd Stevens wns nenrly 70
years of it go. lie was broken In health
hut determined to have n part In the Cerent
........ in- ,, mi. iiiiik, n'iiii.,.UM .....w ..., woilull.mv..-. low.-,.
this point on the address dealt with fltov- by remains of village sites, onmp grounds
nV work nn leader of tho House nf Rep-1 nnd thousand of objects fnsh.Mrfct from
tesentatlves diirl.? the war and the peri- j t hell, copper, bono, earthenware and most
oil of reconstruction. lpeclnl cmplimls of all, of stone. Thoso were found burlod
was laid on tho foresight he cNhlbltod In. Hi tho earth, were In common uso when
dealing with the profound questions tho first Kuropcans wandered hither. VII-
Krow'm out of the war anil tho road-
Justment of the relations between the,
federal Bovcrnmtnt and the ex-confederate
States, A glimpse was nlro given of
H'e great commoner as he stood nt the
hnr of tho Sennto In bohnlf of tho Itoui-e
of Iteprefentallves to Impeach Andrew
Jnrksnn of high crimes nnd misdemeanors.
Tho closing paragraphs of tho nildres
were as follows:
It Is a fnlo and shallow slew tint
looks upon this man merely as a fierce
nnd bitter partisan, or as a. l:een, deter -
mined lawyer, or even ns n sound, fnr
PO"fng statesman, lie was something
more than thoj'e: he was a witness to the
truth. He was caught up bv a breath of
fl"i! i-rent spirit which is forever mov
ing over the face of the human dee),
lifting now ere nnd now another to be
a leader nnd a guiding star to the ':nig
gl'ng nnd shipwrecked inee. Ho felt him
self upborne on the wings of eternal truth.
Tho words ho sivike were not his own,
but the words of Justice that enn-ot fall.
Heavii. nnd earth might pass away but
Us word? wotilu not pass away. Apo'tlo
or martyr was never moro persuaded nt
the necessity or t'ie awtity of his wit-
nn.c MMi.il le. uhl ..lnil n..l Vile 1,,..
at llairlsburg "the appearance of a de
scended god." That Is what forced Sen
ator Dawes to say of him. "there were
mnmeiits when he did not look llkn any
other man I ever saw mil scarcely like
a man at all." God gavn him to see
with unobstructed vision the absolute
equality In which all men stand beforo
their Maker and In which they shall nno
day stand beforo 'he law. For thit Ideal
he battled. And when bo was near his
end ho pledged his friends to bury him,
not with tho prosperous and powerful,
not In any burial place which would ex
clude the race for which he labored, hut
In n. ceitaln small and objure graveyard
where tho dead of every class and color
wore received. Ills very rrave stands an
a wltnos-s to tho principles he fought for!
In his life,
To that humble, far-off resting place
our thoughts go out from theso surround
ings with peculiar tenderness and pride.
We think of his boyhood of poverty nnd
promise, of genius and deformity. We
think of the mother whose unquestioning
rarriflce made nil hi' triumphs jiosslblo,
vo s?e mm rar rrom home struggling forpif.,i for nny long 1,1110, ven much of Its
a foothold among strangers, forging his. area was crossed and iicrnted by trails
way over overy opposition to the first heading from friendly villare 'o other3 of
place at the bar. We seo him defending I nkq mind or, and perhaps more often, the
the forlorn and helplesa fugitive In the ' paths were tho thoroughfares of war par
court of Justice, freely devoting to tho tics seeking plundor nnd blood,
rtefenso of liberty the learning nnd skill, As It was los laborious to travel in ca
and eloquence which all the money of j m (,s than on foot, tho longer Journeys
oppression could not buy; and when the 'were always nnde, f far as possible, bv
law claims its victim we seo him paying lakes and streams. Theie can be no doubt
I", , ",.,
" f'7 ,lm "'"''' "P alone against,
an unjust movement of the people and
by the single might of moral oarntne-s
defeating It nnd putting It to shame. Wn
i.t i.uum ... .1
sta e constitution that presumes to draw,
n linn l-etwon the sons of men according
to the color of their skin. Wo see hlmlyerso. When the AlgonUin-. of the. north j
at last in Congress, confronting the fiery
and despotic South with a spirit as I11
tenso and uncompromising an Its own.
Wo see hlin leturnlng to those halls
nrnln after years of silence, the Infirmity
of age upon his body, but the file nf an
exalto.1 purpose In his oul, determined to
die In hnrne-s now that the battle Is
really on. We think of the marvelous
marvelousMf
foresight that took In every
.-i.-iii-.-iii 0
ih r,M, 0.1 i.j 1. ........ ....
,..u..,..i. ,,,, u -,,i..-.i i!.,n. iitM ,
lenow statesmen understood Its terms.
We hear him day by day and month af
ter montli expounding his principles, pre
paring tho way for the measures that ho
know must come, waiting with patience
till the country was ready to adopt hl.i
view, and then when the hour struck
pouring tho hot lava of freedom Into tho
mold of unassailable nnd enduring law.
We think nf his wit, his eloquence, his
learning, his logic, his skill, tho courage
that never wavered, the resources that
iver failed all dedicated to a lofty and
unselfish plan the Irnn will that noth
ing could bend or shatter, nnd under
neath tho stem, forbidding countenance
the heart ns tender as a child's! Thon,
Indeed, wo are eager to stretch out our
hands and claim him.
Sleep sweetly In your unfrequented
grave, among the poorest of God's crea
turos! If no sculptor has given your rug
ged flguro to tho eyes of men If no poet
lias sung your praises If the dark
I Imbruted multitudes for whom vou
1 strove novor heard of their bonefnetor
I you would fit caro for that. Your work
I still stands In the very frnmowork nf
froo government where you Imbedded it;
your spirit "till lives In millions who ac
cept without a question tho principles
you vindicated against the greatest ndd..
And here among tno hills whero you were
born, whero In your youth you girded
up your loins and went forth to battle,
men still love liberty nnd hate oppression
still cherish the grand Ideal of absolute
justice and equal rights for all that made
Plenty of Burlington Readers
Have This Experience.
You tax the kidneys over
work them
They can't keep up the con
tinual strain.
The back gives out it aches
and pains; '
Urinary troubles set in.
Don't wait longer lake
Doan's Kidney Pills.
Burlington people toll you
how they act.
I'. J. Crowley, clerk at Howe & Hrown's
market and living at 36 Front St., Hur
llngton, Vt., says: "My back wns lame
and noro and I often had sharp pains
when lifting: or straining, Whon I took
cold or over exerted myself In nny way
the trouble was sure to bo more ag
gravating, I used different remedies but
none of them helped mo as Doan's Kid
ney Pills, which I procured at the Park
Drug Storo. Two boxes of this medicine
cured me of a severe attack, stopping
tho pains and making my bnck feel lat
her tuid stronger."
For sale by nil dealers. Pi Ire W cents
Foster-Mllburn Co., IlulTiilo, New York,
nolo agents for tlio United States.
Remember tho name Doatu-nnd take
no other.
mi eras it
PRESS : THURSDAY,
your life heroic, You were worthy of Ver-
mom, una Vermotit Is proud of her son
Tho lnnt nnnntm - it...i
ino mat speaker was Prof. Oeoruo
H. I'orklns of HurUngtoii, who road a
most interesting paper on "Prehistoric
Vermont and r.ellcs nnd Hvldntico of
Karly Occupation ijy indlnn Tribes,"
nn abstract of which follows:
rilOF. PBIUCINH'.S PAPHR ON PRE
HISTORIC V1JRMONT.
That the area now covered by tho Stalo
of Vermont wns more or less fully occu
pied by Indian tribeo long before It win
I.'iko sites mo fow and It seems probablu
that for mniiy years previous to tho com
log of liuropo.aiis tho pormanont villages
were row and small,
Tho savago nllles who Journeyed with
Chumphiln when ho nndn that well-known
first visit to tho lake which boars his
name, explains this. They told him, that
beoauso of long cont'nued feuds between
themselves, Algonklns nnd tlio Iroquois,
who lived on tho west sldo of tho lake,
j tho region nlxmt It was not Inhabitable,
, Thla docs account, however, for tho ap-
parnntly similar nbsonro nf villages from
the eastern part of Vermo'it. Still thoie
mny havo a similar cmlltlim of thing
In tho Connecticut river valley. At any
rale, whatever wan the raue, the fact
remains that few evidences of long con
tinued settlement hno been found any
wliero In the State.
Camping groiiijs, some of which were
undoubtedly occupied season after sea
ron and for months at a time, aro moro
numerous.
The early Inhabitants of Vermont seem
to have frequently moved out In the early
summer from tho denro forests whore for
Wter shelter they went for the winter,
as we are told by old v.rltTs, and, lo
cating at some potid or lake whole tner-j
was good fishing nnd fertile soil, thoy
pitched their tents there for tho summer.
Heru they made rude rlearli i-rs. and, using
very primitive agricultural methods-,
planted com, squashes, melons, tobacco
and perhaps somo other crop, ntil wait
ed for tho growth and ripening of their
harvest. The squaws did the farm work
anil the men hunted, fished, fought or
lounged about tho camp. In the fall,
packing their dried meat or tlsh and the.
fruits of their tlllago Into portable bun
dles, they broke camp and nmved Into the
primeval forest to sprud the winter ;n
Idleness and with as much comfort as oos
slblo. All the early writers ngiee that they
were surprisingly Improvident and while.
(during the tlrst part of the winter they
gorged themselves from their supplies,
they well nigh starved, nftrn, at least,
during the lattor part of the season. H
wns probably during this tin'e that a part
of tho laboriously fashioned ono Imple
ments nril ornaments whirl: we now and
then find buried In the euith weie made.
Although not more than a rrv small
part of what Is now Vermont w is occu-
lnillliyr,M imcuuimi)
route was that which led tluough I.k ,
Champlaln. Most of these- lines of travel ,
hA from the villages ..r camps about the
st. Lawrence and thee !r. New York on 1
tno west or pouuicrn --v w r.ngian.i. Jience,nan. ot thcm aro wcll nlfrh perf00t n rr.g.
the main object ot the wandering ti lbei , ularlty of fnrm and pIe(rancP of nnkhi
was to get from notth to south or the re- v- mdf.rn pointer cnul.l rv, f,n, .he
set rortn nn a ram upon uio iroquois me of j,,, handiwork than is seen in the host was rooesiaiy for the excavation of a
went through tho St. Lawrence west as of theSP -stato y((.,pstone objects. Hut shallow depression in a large boulder or
far as what they called tho Itlver of the .ho ;vbovo comnif ntl.i'.ion of tho work of's'mlar piece of stone which was other
Iroqools and paddling their canoes up this the aborlsjir.al attl.st ni.'d not bo limited ! wle in Its original condition.
Into Lake Cl.aniplaln they proce.xled as' to articles mado of soft stone, for some, The nestle, hnweve- nlwavs shows
e ... ...... .1.,... I..r.,l..l
i.u S..111U i .... j too-,! .... 11
iir.i miircneo 11110 me Aiuroatiat-K nirra...
toward the villages west of the lake
Gr 1
tu.y had other matters In view they .
na.KllCU SOUIU -ll.UUIl iru; lait.; I.U til'.'.
.... ..... .. '
renc ln.i inn inouill 01 1110 inoosKl. I P
they turned eastward and followed the
windings of that stream ns far as they
could and if they wUlicd to go farther,
thoy made a not long carry over to the
white river and down this Into the Con
necticut and on to tho Sound if they
chose.
Another not uncommon routo appears
to have been by tlie lake as far as Otter
creek and then up to Its headwaters
and thence by carry to the Black river
nnd thence to the Connecticut.
Moie easterly courses wer" finm tlie
St. Lawrence via the St. Francis into
Momphrcmagng and through, that lake to,
tho Clyde or Hart on rivers and so on by;
carries and stteams to tho Connecticut or
beyond. Other shorter routes were num-
orous.
As would be expected, by far tlie larger
number of the specimens that die ;n our .
collections were found along the river val
leys or In tho vicinity nf lakes. In number
and quality Hies., sneclmens sunirlse one
not familiar with Vermont relics. No other
Now Enplni.l State hns given to tlio col-
lector such variety of form and character,
such elegance of finish as may be found
In any large collection of Indlnn relics j
round in Vermont. Most of the objects
weie with little doubt made and used by
tho Iroquois mil Algonkiiih, but there are
somo which appear to have been obtain
ed either by ttade with other distant
tribes or to havo boon tnken In war.
Archaenloglcally I think that Vermont,
tho Champlaln valley, at any rate, is mora
closely allied with New Yorit nnd the went
than with the rest of New England.
1 do not intend when speak.ng of tho
elegance ot our nrchaeloglcal specimens
to Intimate that all are of this sort. Quite
the contrary is true. Hy tar tho larger
part of our specimens ate rude, some of
them very rude, but those that nro made
with most caro and of nncst matorlnl
equal the best found anywhere In the
country.
I have mentioned evidence of some sort
of trade with other and distant tribes.
This is found In objects mado from mate
rials not oceurlng near Vermont. Ploces
of whlto coral inure or less woiked havo
lieen found near Hurllngton. Native cop
per Is not found anywheio this side of
Lake Superior, but chisels, koukch, awls,
bends, etc., of copper are found li sev
eral parts ot the State. So too, occasional
ly, a spear point or a knlfo hns been
found quite-unlike most of those so com-1 "est manner or rudely flaked with no
monly discovered heto, hut not only nnn-I'lBn of rubbing to nn even surface,
ly formed, but made from tho brightly Many ot these celu were undoubtedly!
colored stones of the Oliir valley. Cop-(used ns chisels and therefore held In the1
per objects ate nowhoro common, but hand, but many wero attached In one
wc have a dozen or two of knives, spear! way or another to a wooden handlo and
heads, bars, chisels, etc., nna a larger; h"s they became axes, One of the old 1
numbor ot beads. For many years no ob-1
Jects of bono wero found, but we havo
now a very respectable collection of
awls, pottery stamps and other objects
made from bone. Most of these havo
been found by one of my collectors, Mr,
Qlftln, iinr Mallet's bay, at an old camp
ing ground which he dlscovorod there,
Tho leg bones of deer appear to have fur
nished material for most of these, though
the tines of the horns wero ulso mucn
used.
Mnny pages might easily bo written up
on the pottery of our former Inhabitants,
but only brief mention of the many varie
ties of pattern found on the hundreds ot
fruffments which huvo been picked up
NOVEMBER 15, m.
can bo made hero. No painted pottery or
ornamented with raised figures, or made
In th'! forms of animals such an has so
often bciri found In tho West, ever occurs
bore. Our wnio la always decorated by
lndonted or stnmped Hgurcs or lines In
moro or loss geometrical pattorns. Thus
wo find lints, circles, dots, triangles,
crescents., e'e, arranged In ondleusly
varying doslum. Without Illustrations It
Is Impossible to glvo any adequato concep
tion of the variety and character of this
ancient attempt at artlstlo work. Our
Jars aro of all sizes, from little ones that
would hold less than a pint, to thoso that
hold 12 to 15 quarts.
Our earthenwnro Is nearly always in
pieces, ciily three entire specimens found
In Vermont being known, but many of
tho frngments are so largo that the form
and ornamentation can bo easily under-1
stood. Moreover, many times several bltn j
aro found that may bo put together, nnd I
thus a largo part of tho original Jar be1
restored. Tho form In this roglon was
alwnys globular, at least tho lower part Is,
the upper mny bo square or oven penta
gonal and those that aro more elaborate
ly shaped nro ulways moro carefully or
namented than others. The pnsto from
which thero Jam wore mado was al
ways tho same or nearly so. It consisted
of finer or ennrser bits of quartz, feld-1
spar, mica nnd sometimes other matori
,.l ll ... ... . ..
.... iHPviiniffi- umiuneu oy pounuing
up pieces of granite or some similar
Mono nnd mixing this with moro or
lest clay. Of courso tho fine or coarse
character of the Jar dciendi upon that of
the paste. Finally, tho wholo was coated,
outsldo and Inside, with lino clay, which
makes a smooth surface. After tho J.ir
was formed from a mass of this mixture
It must havo boon nllowed to dry partially
and then upon tho s-oft mirface tho pattern
wns Impressed. Then the dish was burn
ed. In some of tho jars there Is little dec
oration except around tho always thick
rim. In others
tho figures may cover
nearly tho entire surface and somo are so generally used or for so great a va
deeorated ln.srt. tho rim. Tho rim lUself r'ety of purposes ns was the celt. It wns
may be dnnte'.lated, scalloped or othi-of ovory size from theso only three or
wmj women '.mo ornamental shape. Kv-
cry now and then some now find of pot
lery rrngments discloses new designs. I
am s.ure that no one can examine a col
lection of Vermont pottery of the olden
time without realizing tho skill and real
nrtlstlc feeling nf tho rankers, and also
the endlessly varied derlgns wrought
upon tho surfaces of the Jus. Not oniy
rlobular Jars were fashioned by the pot
tors, who were usually squiiWF, If not al
ways, but pipes of earthenware arc not.
very t:i..-ommon. Theso are usually of Their use Is quite uncertain. Some of
the finest material nnd often nro exceed-'th larger gouges are ns carofully
Incly -well made. When such vases and! wrought ns the most perfect ornamfntnl
Jars a thoo tho Indians made could be so
easily fashioned from the clav paste, It
would s-eem a waste of labor to work
stone Into dirhes, nnd yet we do find a
few of this hardr material. Theso are
nf quite different shape from the deep
Jars of oarthenwate, being more like th1
modern wooden chopping diches, shallow
and thick. All are me.de from soapstone.
As ha? already been suggested, most of
tho implements and also weapons and or-
naments were fashl(rd from some otldcred.
the harder sorts of stone. Flint, quart- As the celt on the one hand paries into
zlte, whlto and crystalline quartz and oven 1 gouge, so on the other It developed Into
ugaio nnu jasper were usea moro man any
otiicr rocks tor tho smaller objects, wluia these grooved axes, often of large size,
granite, greenstone, trap or other hnrdjae far more common than In Vermont,
fine grained stonewaie were used for the Apparently our forerunners here did not
axes, celts and other largo objects. make or use many of them. The grooved
Softer materials were nlo occasionally Uxe Is evidently merely a celt mado short
! taken, usually when tho object to be made
was uesignru more ior ornament man use.
Slate. taIcoe rock, soapitono nnd the
,IUo weri, iU1 more or lcES ,r, us0. mo of
tno ppeiii amu,Pt!I( K0UBP3 ,, rVf.n whati
appoar to h;lve been usM a, knIv, wfJ1.0
mado from thfS(, oftpr materU1Si n.nrt
rollBh nms3 ny Illoro perfect specimens
. . . ...
01 tlie very llnest examples of their work!
Mrn ninde of the hardest material thev
could llnd. It Is difficult to estimate the
amount .of t into and careful, patient labor
Wl.cll mnrl l,'.,rt 1...... .r. ...... f...!,.
'"'" e.v.. ... ..-.!
Mri,,ni. .,f tT,
my a gouge t.'pe or amulet
! wnich hn. boon thrown up by the plow
or the ermont former. Wo can only
marvel at the un'lrlng "kill and artistic
sense which we lind exhibited.
Perhaps nn other clo-ss of objects show
this as do tho pipes. While we cannot
by any m;i;i bring forward such an ar-
elaborately carved and superbly
finished pipes ns has been taken from th
moul ds nf the Ohio valley, we are riovor-
thelesi able to nhow 110 mean nssortme.it
jot exceedingly well formed and finished
speclmnn of this class. Statlte, slate,
gjpsum. these nnd similar soft rocln
ivre chosen when a pipe was to be mado I
and most generally the work was well I
done. Tho form was sometimes that fa-
miliar to us, but more frequently ,'t wns
ouito dllferent. Some of tliem woul 1
scarcely bo recognized even by our mon I
persistent smokers Resides nlatform hell
ahaid tnironat shan nn,i nthsr sim.--.
forms, we llnd certain long, straight tube. ,
snmo nf ...Lint, 0-.. 10 'ir. i.,h., '
long, which wo should scarcely recognize
as pipes at all did not some of the Call -
fornlu tribes to this day use similar tubes
as pipes. The small size of most of tho
pipes M-nid quite tUsirust n modern dv-
too of tho weed. It must, howver, bo re
membered that nmong the American In
dians, throughout tho continent, tmoklr?
was very largely a ceremony, not a pas
time. A s'ngle whiff, or at most a few,
and the plpo wns passed on. Smoking for
the mere enjoyment of It wns not by any,
means unknown, but It was not the rule, j
apparently. Far more often smoking wu3 ;
a religious and solomn ceremony. A sort ,
of burnt offering to tho spirits above. Tho
tubular plpet Just nutitloned nro notice
ably exceptional In size and may havo
been used differently from the much moro'
uumeious small pipes. '
Nowhero common, but always attract
ing nttentlon when found tvro what for1
want nf a better name are called orna
mental stones. Even the object for
which theso wrro designed Is conjectural.
It Is supposed that some of them at least
wero Intended to bo worn as ornamonts,
others wero very likely amulets or 1
chnrms, tnedlolno, as an Indian would I
cull them. They nro generally of hand
some material, regular form and ground
to smooth or even polished surfaces, I
Tho common stone chUel of celt Is
lounn everywhere, and made of a great
variety of materials and finished In the 1
writers tells us that a common mothod
of fastening the handlo to the axu was
as follows; After the stone had been
laboriously worked down to the desired
farm and this might have been the work
of months or even years, tho owner took
It to tho forest where he selected a suit
ably sized and shaped branch growing
on some tree. This he trimmed some
what, hut did not otherwise Injure, ex
copt that he mado a cleft In the branch
at some distance from tho tree to which
It was growing. Into this cleft the stone
axe was fastened and left for months
until tlio wood had grown about It nnd
firmly fastened It. Tho branch was then
cut from tho tree nnd worked into a.
To Be Frank
maBaBBafaaiiBBi
you have really never
eaten a true soda cracker
until you have eaten
Uneeda
Biscuit
The only soda cracker
which is all good and
always good, protected
from strange hands by a
dust tight, moisture $2$
proof package.
NATIONAL BISCUIT COMPANY
handle. The owner's mark sot upon tht
itono effectually secured It atralnst re-
tno va' Probablv few lmnlemnt wr
four Inches long to large and heavy I
,.:,t., " . ui uiwa in oMigin ,
and sometimes heavy. Some were Erround,
to an edgo at each end and a few were
celt at one end and gouge af the other,
CKMige, are almost wholly New England
Implements, being found only very i
dom outildo of our territory. And in i
Now
Lngbind, they nro far more varied
and more carefully made In Vermont
thin elsewhere. The name well Indicates
the c-eneral form of these Imploments
rtone and these often do not show the
least sign of having been used. Many
are ruder nnd n" harder stone and these
were without doubt usd as ordinary
tools, but what can wo say of thoso ele
rant highly polished specimens which
have been now and then tho fortunnt'
nnrl of ffimo collectors. They do not specimens, while less common than form
reem likely objects for ceremonial use n.iihn., n,,. nr ..1 ,
and yet It Is difficult to think of any
other service which they could have ren
ine grooved axe. in the west and South
, and wide nnd bearing about It; uppct
1 pari a snaunw groove ny whlcn "t could
be more readily attached to a handle.
Some of these are tlnv, but most are
large and heavv.
T,,0 mortar am, nrtrlrs of .
' -entlal Importance'
in all Indian tribes
were not absent from the nnrlent Ver
mont household The mortars were gen
having been ,)Ut Into their making than
erally rude, little more labor, usuillv
..
more careful work. This was hammered
Into a more or less rvllndrle.nl form nnil
' omotlmpi its surface was nnllsbed. More
I rarely the upper end wns rudelv c.irv.1
,,. l.ot nn,n p,.nnml.tn-.rtA
...o. - "' '"'
' 1 "-id of a bird or other anlmnl. Snm of
our finest pestles are over two feet lone.
It may be that these lone pertles were .
1 rather eluhs. The longest that I hnvi
seen Is 2? Inches. If we may cred t some 1
I of the older writers the sqnws were
j shrewd enough to aid thr'ns'-lves when!
poumling corn or whnteyer th'v w she.J
to break up by placing the mortar tin-
dcr the elastic branch of some convenient
tree and fastening the upper erd of the
pestle to this by a strip of buckskin se-
cure Its help in lifting the implement
as they pounded.
Occasionally n finked or chipped celt or,
axe has been found, but nearly all of the
classes of objects thus far considered.!
though very probably at first rough.M out I
by flaking or chipping, were finished by
grinding or rubbing on a stone
witn
snn.l. This proces3 was necessarily
tediously slow If tho stone from which
the Implement was to lie made wns very
hard as it usually was. Not only months
r,r oven yeirs wern occun'ed. at intervals
' undoubtedly. In the making of the best
1 l" nr na! or amulets, but wo are told
'''v the old writers that somo of tho more
e'nborate objects were passed on from
j '
90 YEARS iN
-O!
shows that E. K. Smith, Geo. "W. Smith and Smith & Son have
kept pace with tho demand for substantial, wholesome, al
ways ready food.
The use of these crackers by countless thousands for al
most a century marks them as staple a product of Now Eng
gland as maple sugar or dairy butter.
Have You E ver Tried Them ?
It Is Not The
Thorough, practical training can bo received only througi,
experienced, skilful teachers not by correspondence and
textbook testers. ("Worth knoAving.)
one maker to his ron and were onP
brought to tholr final perfection nftn
several generations had expended rru '
labor upon them. Of course whon p
have littlo to occupy their, ne.'her t r
nor labor count for much.
There nrr other tnpf. ....... i
polished objects which appear in r c
iections, but they must bo left - f
further comment. Many t'mes , ,r
abundant than tho ground pollshe'
Jp(ls aro lho that ,v(ro sh h
,,. or nakInp Kxc for fl fftw
Hnicu.i i.- i.. ... .v.- . .
larrow nolnts nn,i mo.i f .v, i,., ,.,
arrow points, and most of the kr ve
were made In this way. Soma of to
many fnims of quartz wore used In
manufacture of these objects and sot
of them ere beautifully colored and wo'
derfully well made. The Vermont pn'n's
while of very many sorts of quortz an
by far mast commonly mode of a gray
.sh or bluish quartzlto wh oh oeeui
many localities in tho State. Th s s '
most common material and tho tr
angular outline W the most frequc"t
Theso of courso were without haft r
barbs, but hafte.l and sharply Mrbe
of them will not suffer by compansoi
with similar specimens from any part o'
the countery or'indced, the w .rld.
Still these delicately pointed and sjni
metrically shaped point ere ihe excep
1 tlon, for the most part our Ver:
points, spear nnd arrow, are K-S3 fine''
formed and regular than those from tv
region of the mounds. A"e have s
specimens as fine as tho finest, ut t f
ere less numeri.ua nn.l o-ir vm
j composed of specimen-, of good w
1 manship, but yet Inferior o thoo f
West.
Not onlv were the smaller points made
by flaking flinty stone, but spear hea"
a foot long have been found and st
larger oval nr nvate objects w ch ar
supposed to have been used ns spades o
hoes. Othr chipped Implements ari
drills, long narrow pointed, scrapers
with blunt round edges, kniy. s ' 1
shapes and sixes, and var.ous nre l,
articles, the use of whl'h
problematical.
At the close of Prof. Terk ns s
Frank I', i.reene of St A I 'na
a resolution that was unnnim
.,inni.j thonuin- l.mt nnririns r
for publication In the r. -or 1
procce. lings 01 toe
proceedings
.I.
stlckney of Ludlow of'ere 1 a s t 1'
, resolution on Judge Stafford's d
tyhich was also unnnimoush filiate
f. p. Jones of Newton, Mis wni
elected to membership on reomn' li
tlon of Fred A. llowland
.
Snroro nmi lllniv, but you cant
K
permanent relief from catarrh.
thl' so.Ti'es ndVea" ,
lnftninr.d surface, removes all ser .f il-
oils taints, and cures catarrh.
Sick headacho
Is cured by Hood's
, Pills, 25c.
REFLECTIONS OF A' BACHELOR.
A girl likes to bo In love so she can sn
she Isn't.
Somo boys are so naturally siund th.
have plain sense even after n . c.
education.
When a man has lived long enough n 1
fiat ho kind of looks forward to purgatr.
tho way a schoolboy does to vacat'or.
A girl who Is too dellcato to sweep a hnl
rug can dance seventeen miles at a biu
and then want to walk home with one (
her partners.-Now lork Press.
--- - "
-THE
Book
MAKINGS
r7 & c