Newspaper Page Text
jfHB BURLINGTON FREE PRESS AND TIMES s THURSDAY, JULY 27, 1911. 8 Tho Weekly FREF. PRESS and any per copy, oO cents for six months, $1.0) per year, pest ago paldi Advertlsemcntn nnd subscriptions re ceived nt tho office, 159 College street. Full advertising rates sent on applica tion. Account.-) cannot h opened for subscrip tion!!. Subscribe will pleoao remit with order. Names .are not entered mull pay mor.t Is received, mid All papers tire stop ped nt tho end of the tlmo paid for. Remittance nt the risk of tho subscriber unlet made by registered letter, or by check or postal order payable to tho pub lishers. The date when the subscription expires In on the address .label of each paper, the ohango of which to a suhsoquont date becomes n receipt for remittance. No other receipt In sei't unless requested. The receipt of the paper is u sufficient receipt for the first subscWpllon. When n change i'f address Is desired, both '.lie old nnd now nddrcsref. should bo given. Terms "51.00 n Venr. In Adtnnce. DAILY by ninll ES-t.fin n jfiir In ndrmice. II A TIC IX CANADA. DAILY IM.00 ti jenr In nilvnnec. M'lIKKLT $2.00 n yenr In nilvnnec. niCK IMIHSS ASSOCIATION, I'tibllshers, Burlington, Yt. PURLINGTON, THURSDAY, JULY 27. WANTED. When you want unythlnp, advertise In tho new spcclnl column of this pnper. Somo bargains nro ufturil there this week which It will pay you to read about. Seo pago two. Thin paper has more than 2.",000 rcad'irs every week and one cent a word will reach them nil. The stock market never turned o hnlr after the passage of the reci procity measure. According to tho New York World Senator Dllllnghnm ana Senator Till man wero paired on tho vote on reci procity. Vermont's attractions wero never :o much In the public eye as at present. Let us keep them there, nnd hold the spotlight steady. Reciprocity In operation will mean everything for Lake Champlnln as part of the International waterway between New York nnd Montreal. Now that our democratic friends helped President Tnft with his Cana dian pact, will they duinnntl "reci procity" on his part in connection with the tariff bills? We shall probably soon know what effect reciprocity will have upon both tho United States and Canada. When that times comes prophecy will give place to prediction. iinciriiocrrv and hay. The hay crop In most parts of Ver mont will be light, the renernl sltun tlcn liolng probably nbout like that In Pennington county, stated by tho Hnn aer ns follows: "Tho harvest of tho hay crop In this Bfction has proceeded far enough to thow that tho crop will be about two thirds of an avc.rago crop rad not much moro than half tho burnDer crop of inst year. Tho r;u,l!ty, however, I - generally good nnd the h:vj has not 1 cen hurt by rain durlntr the harvest Prlco will undoubtedly bo high nnd much bny will havo to be brought In to sup ply tho demand In this section." In view of tho certainty hat prices rf hay will be unurually his'-" no little Interest in attached to th fact that enormous quantities; of hay nre cominji rcross tho Canadian border In splt of the fact that every ton thereof pny a customs duty of no least than $4. In other words this duty doo not proto-. th market of tho farmer in thla coun try, whenever n M-arcIty of huy makes it profitable to chip that product acrs'j tho boundary to our markets. ntnsinn.vr tafts victory. Tho Kureess of President Tnft'n treaty v.'Ith Canada providing for closer trade rolatlonn with tho Do.vlnlon, must be regarded ns- a perron.il triumph for tho President aa wuD as a ill'tlnct politi cal success. We believe it means In- croapod trado nnd prosperity for thin country nnd thnt It will B renc'hoii tho policies for which Tllaino end Mi McKlnley (stood. If anybody Is inclined to blamo Prr. Ident Tnft for Inaugurating this policy nt this time, they should go back in imagination to tho period immediately following tho congressional elections In Novembr. 1010. It will bo iccallcd that much of tho West wns In an up roar ngnlnot President Tnft bocnuso tho Inilrr bill pased by a republican Connrcfa was not forced lower by him, niiii not a fow republicans Joined In tho chorus of disapproval, particularly 'he ropiitdlcun InsurgontH of tho West who.o States hnvo since been most vlg. oroes In their denunciation or reciproc ity Prosldont Tnft was Justified logically nnd politically in adopting coino meaa uro to ntom tho tide of dlsproval which had ret In against tho liepubllcan pnrty. When ho set out in thla dl loction It wns generally admitted that tho republicans did not Iiuvo tho (light est chnnco of olectlni; thPlr cnndld-Uo for tho presidency In 1012, and It must bo acknowledged that tho principal ohaniro wliicn lias occurred in tho sit- tuition lias resulted from the popular conviction thnt President Tnft had da- .eloped a policy of lil-i own -vvliloli npponlMl In the great mnss of Ameil cnni without reference to pnrty ulTIMa tloim. Tho New York Times iu speaking if tho stop tniion by President Tnft In thin connection sayn; "As high politics thla wns masterly. An ntatosmnnshlp It Is unexampled In our history, and 1b compnrnblo to tho work of I'col In England, with thla Important difference, that Peel sacri ficed hlmcolf for his country and Mr. Tnft bids fnlr to win Treat rownrd for his Kreat service, ' Ills addresses In various parts of tho Union during tho last four months would make a considerable volume of thomsolvos, with the leant posslbl3 modicum of repetition. He hud mastered his case as ho would hnvo mnstorod a enso In law, nnd It Is ono of tho most noto worthy facts In thla stirring chapter of our political history that tho Presi dent, In his onornetlc and urgent np poal to tho nation, treated tho matter with tho Impartiality, serenity, and candor of n Judge on tho bench, Tliore Is nothing like It In tho literatura of our politics. The result Is n vindica tion of tho Inheront (rood senso of tho people as woll as of tho high standard of public duty of the President, The President hns literally tried his enso bofore the people, nnd, by the force of the conviction he has Implnnted In the public mind, he hns won. As we have said, there Is triumph for him and Immense advantage for the nation," Ono thing Is certain, our democratic friends can not claim any advantage over l'nsldniit Taft regarding reci procity In the next campaign. CIVIL WAR 50 YEARS AGO. lion North mill South Were I'rcpitrlnR for the (irenl ('undid. (From Harper's Weekly.) The month of June, 1SC1, was one at ceaseless energy for those In authority In both North and South. Although neither section of the country really understood the size of the huge tnsk that had been undertaken, both had settled down, with the first Hush of anger departed, grimly but determinedly, to prepare for war. The military powers had not yet been developed. I.endi rs hnd not been found. There was not a man In the regualr army who had ever eommnnded a thousand men In the field, while many of the offi cers had resigned to cast In their lot with tile receding States. In tho navy there was not a single oillcer who had ever bad under him a larger squadron than one of three of four vessels. The highest rank In the service at this time was that of commodore. The highest holding nc tunl command w.v- captain; but many of these officers were hidebound by tradi tion nnd superannuated In years. lly the middle of June, North nnd South had turned to in earnest. Tho country at large had resolved Itself In to two great drill camps. Hut, Jut as !n April and May, the political element was to the fore. There was little real discipline and little knowledge. Every thing had to be learned In thu great school of experience. The greatest war enllcgo of the world wn about to open its doors. Men were merely matriculat ing for the four-years' course that was to turn them out ns citizens again, but marked forever n.s soldiers. Over the fair face of the South were to be sentter ed hundreds of the battlefields. Yet there was no prophet who dared fore cast the future or, perhaps, saw It. Europe was waiting nnd watching rnxlously. Kngland realized by this tlmo how deeply she was concerned. King Cotton was paramount. There were two pirtlis at .sword's points in tho North, the "peace nt any price party," and tho "hot heads," who, although unorganized, kept continually urging the government to act, not recognizing Its unprepared i.css. Hero follows a summary of th'5 principal events, both naval and mlli- I tur", letwcn June 1 and July It,, fever- Im: dns th u ushered In the first big brittle, Hull Run, which took place o,i July 21: June 1, If The Ilrltlsh government prohibited the United States and con federate nrmcd vessels from bringing any prizes to Htltleh port". June 3. General Reaurcgard took com mand f the confederate forces at Man (iKui Junction. Surprise of confederate troops Phlllpp'., Vn., by United Stutes fortM uii'Jer Colonels Dumont, Kolly und lander. Colonel Kellr was sovercly wounded June C. -Thirty-five Virginia cavalr" were captured at Alexandra. They to'jk the oatli of nllegtanee md were jeoa.ed. Juno 12, Governor Jackson of Missouri issued u proclamation calling M.Oi.O Stat mllltU In service, to protect tho "lives, llbcity and property of tho cltlssr.s of the State." June 11. Hnrper's Perry was cvacuatd by the confederate forces, who destro;cd nil destructible property. June 111. A skirmish occurred at Sen eca Mills, Md. A confederate, captain i nd two men wero killed by Major Kvwott' command. June IS. Klght hundred Union homo g".;irds, under Captain Cook, wero sur prised at Camp 'Cede, Mo., by confeder ates from Warsaw. Twenty-flvo wero killed, W wounded, S) prisoners: 45 of tho enemy wero k'.lled or wounded. June IU Cornelius Vnnderbllt offered nil the steamships of tho Atlantic and Pacific company for tho service .of the government. I June 21. Confederate batteries nt Ma nilas Point, Vu.,sbelcvl by United States '.teamers Pawnee and Freeborn. ICn gagement of United States steamer Mont lcello with confederates at Carter's ('reek, Va. Secession of Tennessee pro claimed by Governor Harris. Vote, 101,. !'13 for, to 17,'ilS ngalnst. Juno to. The Virginia voto wns an nounced to bo IIS.SSI for, und 32,131 I'g.ilust feeesslim. Juno 27. Ungngements occurred be I ween the gunboat Freeborn and confed irate batteries at Mathlas Point. Cap Icln Ward nf the Freeborn was killed. June 2i Skirmish at Shorter' 11111, Vn. Union loss, one killed and one wounded; confederate loss, two killed. June !!. Tho steamer St. Nicholas and three brigs wero captured by tecesslon li'tH, on tho Chesapeake. July 2. Tho confederates wero driven from Martlnsburg, Va , by Alicrcromblo's bilgtide, Guieral Patterson's division. The Union loss was three killed nnd 10 wounded; tho confederate losn, .10 killed and wounded, 20 prisoners. July Tho Arkansas military board called out lo.lii men to repel Invasion. July 1. United States Congress met in special "esslon. A skirmish occurred at iinrcer'n I'eiry between the Now York uih regiment and the confederates. Tho f"rnl loss war. two killed nnd three "'Mln(,clJ'. i J lv' 4.7.-T ie United Stntw steamer ;j0nlli r'nrllnu c-utturr-l or flrntrovnl II i ssels off 'InlvoMon. Julv f. Rattle at Carthage, Mo, The I nlon forces, nnd' r I'oolnel Blgcl, nur.i- be red J.rno, the e nf( It-rate J,oo. Tho I nlon loss was 13 killed and 31 wounded, tho confederate loss, 230 killed and wounded. Successful rotrent of BlgoU July a Tho western military depart ment was constituted, lncludlnK Illinois and the States nnd territories wost of tho Mississippi to tho Ilocky mountains, with Now Mexico, Mujor-aetieral Fremont commanding. In ix skirmish of 45 men of tho 8d Ohio regiment, ut Middle Fork Bridge, 12 miles oast or Buckhannon, Vo., ono man wua killed and three were wounded. July "."Infernal" machines were de tected floating In tho Potomac. Skirmish occured nt Gre.at Falls, Vn., Major Gerhurdt's Eth Oerman battalion lost two men. Several confederates were killed. July 8. Ohio and the 7th and Oth In diana regiments, with Colonel Harnett's 1st Ohio battery, defeated tho rebels with a loss of 20 killed and 40 wounded. The Union loss was two killed, nix v. ounded. July 10. A loan bill was passed by the House of Representatives, authorizing the secretary of the treasury to borrow J2.7I, OCO.OOO, redeemnblt In "0 years. Another bill, for the supply of (500,000,000 and 500,091 volunteers to supress the. rebsl Hon, passed tho Senate. July 11. The confederates, under Col onel Pegrani, were defeated at tho battlo of lllch Mountain, Vn., with a loss of CO hilled, ICO wounded, and 150 prisoners. Tho federals captured 200 tents, CO wag ons, six cannon, and other stores, Tho Union loss wnt, 11 killed nnd 3d wounded. July 12. A light occurred ut Harbours vllle, Vn, Six conipnnki! of Colonel Woodruff's 2d Kentucky regiment nt- tacked and defeated COO confederates. I win; ivuiiiuuiwiiu unu iu or i cunieder ntcs wt-re killed. Six hundred rohclH un- ('or Colonel Pcgrnm surrendered to Gen eral McClellan at Beverly, Va. July 13. A battle tool; place at Car rlck's Ford, Va., resulting In tho death of General Oarnutt, the confederate com mander. The confederates were defeated end routed, with a lovs of lou killed and vounded, and S'O prisoners. Tho federal los wns 13 killed and 40 wounded. July 15. A .skirmish occurred at Hunker Hill, Va. The confederate cavalry wpro routed by the lire of n Rhode Island bat tery. The confederates were pursued by the Id United States cavalry. July 10. A federal army under General McDowell started In the direction of Manassas. On this date a bill authoriz ing the president to call out militia to suppress the rebellion passed the House of Representatives, tncether with the bill to acctpt the services of 600,000 vol unteers. MUSKMBLONS. UnNlly Gron mid Profitable Sonic I'iiImIm to lllisere. Muskmeti n- aie a crop most eally grown nnd 'inlte profitable and satisfac tory when certain methods are carofully followed, writes Henry M. Hownrd, fnr the State board of agriculture. Good standard varieties nre Emerald Gem, Knrly Hn"konnek nnd Montreal Nut meg. The soli for niPlons should be a snndy loam. Tho hills should be four by six feet apart, with several seeds In the hill, planted ns soon n possible after May 10. A crop may bit sei tired If plant ed as late ns June 15, The hills are pre pared by digging In a largo forkful of manure nnd a large handful of fertiliz er The plants will be up In a week to 10 days, and will need pioteetlon from the black flea beetle, striped beetle nud cutworm. Re even more careful to watch for these pests on melons than on squashes, as melons nre mors tender nnd more easily destroy, d. The cultivation of the crop consists of one hand hoeing as soon ns. the plants nre up, then horse cultivation until tho lnes begin to cover the ground, and fi ll illy another careful hand hoeing. After the vinos nearly cover the ground, tin y should not be diMurii'Ml by cultivation, but large weeds nun lie pulled bv hand The melon vine does not do well If mov ed after once spread for a crop. If It does well, the crop should begin to co-m off by the middle of August md con tinue for two weeks Melons should be picked eveiy day, and when maturing er; fp--t twice a day, taking only those which aie ripe. Pnck the melons in boes or baskets, making two or three grades, and work up a trade on what you hav.r Good melons will bring from SI r,0 to IJM a htiK of IS by 21 inches. , j-ood crop will five or mere f;.-.v-c!-iis melons- from each hill. '.Sum" niel ,ns mature ve-y quickly. The Hmcrnld Gem Is one of these, and It seldom falls to mature Its crop before th time rf the Align-1 blight This variety haa timer torn trou bled much with hllsht, an I has always been satisfactory in quality e.nd n good moiiev.nnker when grown undr glass or In the open. To grow melnin under glass on raided bencses, t-ct the plnut.s one In a place, a fost apart, on the bs el: side of the t.cnu'i. Remove all the soil from the front part of the beneli. Train the vines to ,i .' Ingle stem, nnd allow only three melons to sot on a vine, f'upport these three with netting of muup kind, cloth or wire, nnd you will probably get tho most per fect fr'ilt you cer saw or lasted. A crop nf melons may be started In a bed, nnd when the vines begin to cover tho Kinund tne sashes r.le removed and the vines allowed their own way. This crop Is usually prolific, and will average moro thnn five melons to tho hill. Another way of handling the crop Is to start tho plants' In n hotbed or green house and transplant to pots, setting tho plants !n the field ,-fte- tho 'st of June. Ily this method wo have no trouble with bugs or hoetl"?, and very inch better results In Wo way of vleld. ThH sys tem Is adapted to market g"rdeus, n the land can bo used fnr an early crop of spring radish or lettuce, and then bo available for the melons. As the melons nro ne.ii In: mnturlty nut of doors. It will be found profitable to set them up on shingles, glass or berry basket to protect them from wlre-wnrmi nnd from spotting. The richer nnd damper the soil, the more danger thero Is of loss from spotting. PICKI-Un WATFItMF.I.ON RINDS. Peel off the outer green rind nnd nil tho pinkish pulp of the melon rinds, leaving Just the greenish white part. Cut In pieces nliout two Inches long nnd lay in a weak brine, allowing u cup nf salt to each gallon nf water. Soak for twelve hours, remove, rinse and weigh For every pound of the fruit allow a pound of sugar nnd vinegar to cover. Stick a clove In each piece nf rind, and to roven poun-ls fruit odd nn ounce stick cinnamon nnd u half ounce cnssln buds. Put vinegar and sugar In a kettle and when It lolls ndd the rinds and cook until clear and tender. When all nro dono turn Into n stone crock end cover with the nplced vinegar. STIl.I, GOING. "They say ho wasted his fortune on n rborus girl." "Oh, It wasn't wasted. She hasn't kept s:i" "f H out or circulation, -c.nicugu j Kccord-IIerahl. ANV TIM h.mi. I "Well, wo enn get married now nt nnv I time, Pnpn nv be ha i got enough Mp.ro each to rive tp u nb wedding" "Yes, ho won It from inn ut poker last night, and iiov I b'lvrn'l eiioio li fer our llnu ton Post wedding trip," WORLD'S IGE CREAM GITY Now York now Consumes 810,000 Gallono Summer Food Daily. Weekly Connnmpt Ion would nnlltl Sky crnper Brother Knickerbocker Ocl n Iloomcninu Hronomr 000, OOO 1'lenaurc Seeker. New York has now achieved the proud, although probably dyspeptic, distinction . of consuming moro Ico cream than any city in tho world. No less than 310.0W gal lons of this summer delicacy are being consumed dally hero. Just what the Week ly consumption of more than two mil lion gallons amounts to Is shown by tho fact that If all of It were plied up In Mndlson Square It would be sufficient to nialto a huge cone with a base fifty feot across tapering to a point more than three hundred feet In tho air, or nearly half as high as tho Metropolitan Tower. This hugo mass, If It could bo kept from melting, would be sufficient to reduce tho temperature of Madison Square and the neighborhood to near tho freezing point. It would necessitate the starting of all -.,.ti.,o in .t nrftee.i iMitldlnirK cUj,s aml resldonts. To transport this huge muss of cream from tho factories tJ the dumping ground In Madison Square would require over COO two-team wagons every dny for a week, or 4,420 wagons, each one having a capacity of D0O gallons. This proceslon of ico cream wagons would be very much linger than Hit' co ronation parade. If ono day's output wns placed In one-gnllon tins nnd laid along the gruund like n plpo lino, it would Do 7Si, miles In length. Altogether Father Knickerbocker's Ice cream nppetlte is truly glpnntlc. After nearly half a year of hard work tho skin of Caliph, the biggest hippo potamus of which there Is any record has been placed on exhibition In the Ameri can Museum of Natural History. Caliph who until the time of his death nmiiHed thousands of children In Central Park weighed a small matter of 10,000 pounds and his mouth when opened to Its widest men sure four feet nine Inches from Jaw to Jaw. His htdo when first removed w-jlghed 1200 pounds and months were spent In tho dellente task of scraping It clown to the lnrt degree of thinness com patible with length, at the end of which operation the weight wns reduced to C3 pounds. It takes something more than a taxidermist to mount a skin of this sort. The s-erlces of a sculptor was required, for the skin is not stuffed but placed over u clay model which hns been prepared to tit It exactly. The task of making tlieso models so that the skin will lit every wrinkle nnd fold In proper place Is an ixtreiivly difficult one. Thousands of measurements must be made to assist the man who must bo both sculptor and naturalist. Tho mounting of old Caliph's hide Is said to be the biggest feat ever accomplished In its Held. A plan for keeping cool which hns at least the attraction of novelty has Just been rocelved hero by Police Commission er Waldo In a letter from An altruist In Liverpool, and although Commissioner has been soibusi' that he has not had time ns yet to rest'it; he has pased it along for what It may be worth. According to thu Inventor of this scheme, all that Is ne-ccssnry for a cool night's rest, para doxical es it may sound. Is. to cover one's relf sufficiently. It is the method of cover ing, however, which counts. For a slnglo boil tho tit st requisite Is a stick or heavy cord sufficient In length to reach from the head to the foot of tho bed. This Is put In position over the center of the bed .il.out eighteen Inches above its sur fuoi From this nre suspended newsp npi i m vn or pasted together falling over the edges of the bed to the floor, forming n son of tent-like structure. It Is of cour.-e open at each end and should ex tend to within abort eighteen Inches of the head. Over tho newspapers Is next spread a. blanket or sheet nnd the cooling plant Is ready. Its ln enter claims that any on rUcj lug ur,ler thW cover will bo Icept cool by the continuous breezs moving from end to end caused by the dlffercnco in temperature Inside and outside. On tho face of It the plan seems n little fanci ful. Hut then thero ar plenty of people who do not know that water can bo cooled In a dry cllmite by putting In pcToun Jar and placing It In the sun. Evaporation dee's the res,t. When it comes to attempting economies of every nnd any kind, Father Knicker bocker Is second to none. Unfortunately many that second finely In theory fall to work out In practice, to thu delight of ids critics. Just now they ate chuckling over attempted economies In the disposal of waste paper. A four months supply, Amounting to about six tons, of neatly compressed and baled paper war. auction ed off the other day for $M. This auction ing off of the wnsto paper Is sn'.d to bo part of the policy of economy but Juit In what manner It Is difficult to discover. In the first place lho patent reversible paper press which does the compressing coat nnd It takes nbout six men to run if. To advertise the rales and hire nn auctioneer further swells the expense. In fact those who have figured It out s:ay that it mey lake twenty years to pay for the paper pnm alone out of tho pro ceeds of the salo of the paper which It enmpro'-scs so neatly. An a fair-sighted TIkmv's no ronsoii why you' h'liouliln't lip pnrtii'iiliir nbout tlioni, too. You Hyp- in thoin .'ilioiit n third of your time. W 1 1 ii t 's more important, you sleep in theiu, nnd tho more eoml'orlnltlo they arc, the lietter you sleep. Slip into a s,'"l. woll-flt-tin niiiht shirt or pair of Pa jamas the sort you buy here, you're on the way to dream land. Ponso quality works iiiprhtH, as well n.s da v. 's 'Burlington and Winooski About Pajam as and Night- skirts i 1 1 . economy thl) will break nil local records provided tho press lasts tho nercssary number of yonrn. During this broiling weather tho Sunday crowds at Coney Itlnnd nRgrognto 600,000 persons or enough to populato ono of tho largest cltlcfl to the Union. Tho pnst- orricn authorities reported that on onu Sunday ovor 800,000 picture nostnls wero mullod from tho Island, a fact Indicating that tho jroater part of tho crowd camo from places other thon tho metropolis. It la estimated thnt tho number of visit ors exceeded tho attendance at the Colum bian exposition nt Chicago on Chicago Ray In ISM whon visitors from all over tho world ciowdcd Into the exposition grounds. Kvery amusement resort nnd every fakir at tho Island is overwhelmed with patronage and even tho frnnkfrutcr men whoso business has not been up to tho mark this year ran out of supplies In tho evening. A cnnvais of the brewer ies that furnish Conay Island's supply showed that an average of one barrel of beer a mlnuto wan being consumed Yet thero was practically no disorder In the great crowd. The pollen found It ne cessary to gather In only twelve persons on Intoxication charges. PACTS ABOUT GULP STREAM Which ,1k Snltl to lie Going l! the Mlftl.ilppl River. (From the New Orleans Picayune.) Pome scientific Interest has been aroused In the fact as unnounced upon the basis of thermometrlc tc.ts that tho hot water of the Gulf stream is flowing up the channel of the Mississippi river, nnd that while temperatures of SS de giees wero found outside In the sea, In s!do the Passes the water was aa warm nn 84 degrees, nnd even in front of the city an average of SI was observed. Tho theory of the existence nnd opera tion of tho Gulf stream Is that It has its beginning In the Hlght of Denln, a great bny on the west coast of equatorial Africa, where there Is a mighty eddy caused by the blowing of tho winds from the south and west against tho coast, The current being started moves to the eastward around the northeast coast of South America and through the Cnrlb bean sea and the Yucatan pass Into the Gulf of Mexico, where after circling around from southwestward to north eastward nnd southeast it flows out through the Florida pass Into the Allan tic ocoan. Of course not all of the tre mendous current that flows out of the Gulf of Guinea under the equator enters our Mexican sea, for a great part Is di verted northward among the passes be tween the Islands of the West Indian iirehlpelaso, but wo get enough of it to mnko Its temperature and current im portnnt Items to the navigators In our scus. It Is strange that the warm waters of the stream should be able to force their way up the Mississippi r'ver against Its current, which often has a four to five mile velocity, but tho river Is low Just now and doubtless makes little resistance to the warm water, which, being lighter, floats above tho colder water of the river. Whether a new state of things ha.i been discovered In these relations of tho river water to that of the sea, or a common place nnd ordinary occurrence has not been previously noticed, cannot be stated here, but It Is claimed by geologists that In s, time far back In the paEt the Gulf ttream flowed up the Mississippi river, forcing Its ws.ter far into thu Arctic sea, nnd so warming up Alaska and Siberia that the ancient mastodons or hairy ele phantB could subsist there, and that vegetation suited for their sustenance flourished there until by some change in the climatic cycle that region was locked In Ice nnd the dend elephants found there In Nature's cold storage had been preserved through unspeakable ages. There Is a theory among the cllmatolo glsts that changes of climate occur peri odically or In successions of ages, but tl at however long the period they recur In routine and orderly succession. There are no valid grounds for any theory that the Gulf stream is starting r.gnln on Its way northward through the Mississippi alley because great altera tions in the respective levels of land and rea would be required, nevertheless spec ulation nn the mechanism and operation of the moving forces of the system of our world is not without Interest. For instance, our changes of reason r.re due to thu Inclination or obliquity of the nxls of our earth to the axis of the sun, or more properly to the plane of the run's equator If the earth's equator ni:d the sun's equator were In the same 1 luce, and their axis of revolution were j arallel, the s'Jn would shine on our globe equally from pole to pole. Half , . , . ,e fully Illuminated nnd shadow every -4 hours, the earth would be tho other half In and day and night would be of the same duration everywhere as at the equator There would be no time when the nortl ti.d of the earth would bo tunica away from the sun for six months while tho south end was enjoying light and warmth nnd no alternation of these .situations, so that In a word we would havp day and night, but no summer and winter. The nonrons are caused by the fuct tl nt the f.xls of revolution of our globe, Instead of being parallel to that of tho sun, Is Inclined to or from It at an angle of 23 1-2 degrees. The result Is that for rlx months the north end of the earth Is turned to the sun and is Illuminated by It. nnd foi the next six mouths the north end Is turned away from it nnd Is left largely In the cold and darkness. Hut suppoo the axis of our earth by somo mysterious force wa.s turned nt right angles to the sun's nxls. Then the poles would be relatively where the equator Is. and tho equator whero the I "Ics nro. Then the polar regions would become tropical and the tropics be burled In snow and Ice. Tho Hindoo cosmogony tells of such a time at tho beginning of the Kali Yurn, or age f heat. Such changes of relntlvo position might take place slowly without any violent de itructlve effects upon tho population of cur planet, but any suddon change would rroduco violent convulsion in both land ar.d sea. These speculations havo given material for much theorizing by n"trou cmera who havo sought to prop up their conclusions with mountnln.s of figures. With the hope that all such changes will bo gradual and attended by no vio lent telluric disturbances, tho Picayune can welcome them for the benefit of fu ture generations. TIII5 FLIGHT OF SI-.I3US. (From tho Scientific American.) It is popularly believed that winged seeds from trees travel to great distance-) on tho wind, but the investigations of a Uritlsh scientist who lins spent much time nt Singapore, Indicate thnt winged seeds have a far narrower range of flight than have "powder" seeds nnd plumed socds. The greatest distance traveled by the winged roeds of a forest tree observed by this authority was KM ynrds. Under the most favornblo cireum Htnnrop, ho calculates, It would take this plant Just 100 years to spread 800 yards and 1,500,000 years to spread from the Malay Peninsula to thn Philippines If n land connection oxlsted It wouldn't pay a merchant to adver tise goods unless It would pay the ad roador to buy them. EARLY VERMONT TAVERNS Interesting Statement hr United Hint en Mnmhnl II race W. Ilnlley of Tili City Address. (From tho Rutland Nows.) Hy courtesy of tho News I herewith present the valedictory adress of Miss Ruth Chalmers, prepared for and deliv ered at tho recent high school gradua tion exorcises, the subject being "Soru Famous Taverns of Vermont." This ad dress Is of conslderablo historical im portance, demonstrating that tho facts therein contained must havo been tho re sult of a careful Investigation of the sub ject. Miss Chalmers prsents a most pleas Ing nnd accurate view of the principal tavemB In the first quarter of cen tury of Vermont history. Taverns In the early dnys were far moro numerous than hotels nt the present time, the occasion for tills wns thnt transportation In those dnys was entirely by foot und team nnd by river craft, tho bulk of mnrketlng be ing done In tho winter tlmo wi'.h pung sleighs going out of Vermont to Portland, lloston nnd New York and oth.r nearby centers of large population. Farmers nnd merchants took load.', of Vermont pioduce to these mnrkett, ex changing them for such thing" ns could not be prodlircd nt home. These taverns were not confined to villages but were loented nt convenient places along high ways. It was not unusual for from to iV) teams to put up at a single tavern over night, the custom being to cariv along the grain for hors.es nnd food for the driver so that tho exper.so of a trip to market could be reduced to Its low est teims. We of tills day can have small con ception of how the bus!ne---c of travel nnd transportation was cnrrled on in the early days, except as we draw from his tory and Imagination. The address of Miss Chalmers is well worth rending from an historical stand point, and It is equally well worth preser ving. It Is certainly well worth Incorpor ating Into our Vermont text books, r Into our rending books fnr supplemen tary rending. It Is due Miss Chalmers and Mr. Jones whose address on "Vermont as a Winter Resort" was presented In last Saturday's News to say thev are In no way responsible for the publication of their addresses, it is done wholly at the solicitation of tho undersigned. HORACI-: W. RATLKY, Rutland. Vt.. July n, 1011. The address follows: SO.M'F. FAMOUS TWURNS OF VER MONT. "In the days when thero were no rail, toads and all traveling was by rtage coich or on horseback there were nil' merous taverns along the highways. These were the centers nf !lfe of country and village -alike. Townspeople ns well ns guests nsscmbled in the bar room to rtls uss questions of Interest and problems of the day, both local nnd natlnnil while In the parlor assembled social ga therings of nil kinds. In those days the proprietor was a true liot and usually one of the most Influential men of the community. "Vermont had. of course. Its taverns, many of which have become famous from the part they played In the early history of our State. "The Catamount tnvern In Pennington is perhaps the best known. It was built in 17CS or 0 by Ciptaln Stephen Fay. n prominent citizen and loyal patriot. It was an Ideal tavern i long low building with unpnlnted timber which early be came so weather stained that It seemed a century old set fnr back from the street nnd shaded bv flowering locusts Its sign was a stuffed catamount, mount ed on a tall pole, with teeth grinning nncrlly toward New York. Fr-tn that sign came the name, though th" house wns first known as the Green Mountain tnvern and It was commonly referred to ns 'Landlord Fnv's." "When this tnvern was In lt prime Vermont's struggle for Independence be gan. New York under whose Jurisdiction the State hail come hid regrinted tho land wh'eh New Hampshire had already allotted to settlers. The Catamount soon became the center of the movements against New Yuri: and seme j-eirs Inter In the tte-olutlonnry war, nsalnst tho commort mv. It wo- the meet Ins plice of the committer of snfetv n band nf the Green Mountain boys chisen to net for the people In managing affairs of war. It was the home of Ethan Allen himself for rever-it years. "The old council room of the tnvern hns many a tlm seen the makings of his tory. It Is nere th-it those who disputed the Vermonters claims to the grants were tried by the c-orimltttc. Lime tlm th(, sm!H,nl x,nv York(,rs t)o fummons , tnat coun(. fn tried by the corimtttee. Little wonder dreaded for some wero driven from the State and others wero given the application of the Reech Sen! a vigorous flogging. From this room Ethan Allen sent his orders for muster ing the Green Mountain boys for the capture of Tkonderoga; in it General Stark and General Warner planned the attack on Pimm's entrenchments, which resulted in Vermont's most celebrated victory, the Rattle of Pennington, the tuin of fortune of the English nnd the forerunner of the eapturo of Iturgoyna at Saratoga. "Captain Fay died in 17S1. Then tho Catamount became n private residence, occupied In turn by two of his sons, a grandson nnd n great-grandson. It was burned In H71 and the spot Is now mark ed by a bronze tablet bearing the figure of n catamount. "On Depot street In Windsor there stands n shabby old structure, apparent ly worthy of nn special nttontlon. but on the north end of the building, near the street a tablet with this Inscription: 'In this building wns held July 2-S 1777 the cnnetitlcn which ndopted the constitu tion of ttie free nnd Independent Stnto of Vermont, the first In America to prohibit human slavery.' This Is tho old Constitution House, once n tnvern next In fame to the Catamount. It was a large house for the times. On the first floor, opening from tho main entrance, were two rooms, a bar room and n sitting room both popular places for tho discussion of affairs of State. Prob. ablv It was In the room above tho sitting room, the .south clumber. Hint Vermont wns declared forever free. There is some discrepancy In tradltlna regard ing the room In which the committee for drawing up the constitution assembled but It wa. most likely the south cham ber for there wero goid reasons for trans acting business In a less public place than the main hall spies were watching every movement nnd Uurgovne was nl rendy coming down from Canada with an nrmy. In the same room the first session of the legislature was held in March 1778, The legislature continued to meet In Windsor for six years and at every session tho tavern presented a scene of busy life. "The Constitution House served as n tavern until 1S.W, then competition be came too great and It wns ured for vari ous purposes. After some years It was moved a few rods cast toward the sta tion to mnko room for a modern busi ness block, nnd the oil was torn down, Now tho historic old building seems to bo having a struggle to look even ro spectnble. "At the present tlmo the leading hotel in Windsor is tho Windsor House fine specimen of colonial nrthltccturo, with heavy Doric pillars extending full two slorlcs. Hero It was that LuVayett spent a night when he made his final tour of the United States. Vermont was tho last State visited by tho hero and she made extensive preparations for his coming. At the Pavilion In Montpnller ho was entertained ns magnificently n-i possible. This old tnvern Is no longer stnndlng hut another of tho same namo takes Its place. A tablet erected by the Daughters of the Revolution tolls that 'Marquis do DaFnyetto passed the nig! of June 2ith, 1S24 in tho old Pavilion which stood here. "Pennington boasts of two hlstorlo tav erns 1 elides the Catamount, one of them Wnllmnwe Inn, tho oldest In tho Stnte, nnd the other Harmon Inn where Gen eral Stark took breakfast on his march to North Bennington. "In Fast Potiltney there Is a quaint old tavern of n most hospitable appenran'-e, U.aglc tnvern. a famous rallying plnco in the revolution. Hvcn yet, nfter r many years, It takes a few guests for whom provision cannot 1e f-ind el e where. It wns there that Colonel vYll llam Watson delivered the famous t'iast The enemies of our country, may the have cobweb breeches, a porcupine s.v' die, n hnrd trotting horso, nnd nn cterni' Journey.' Ml hough tho day of the tavern tin passed Vermont hns still continued f have Its famous liosteliles For tn t forty years Downer's In We I'bc f'r hns been lenownetl In this tmrt ef State, nt least, for Its hospltil tv M r Jolly parties hnvo stopped to t an ike the landlord' cheer nnd to e lm're '1? sign a stuffed panther shot In tli. t clnlty To-day the Womb I o k Ii.n it Woodstock nnd the Fqulnox .. tin ',e -ter aie popular summer re-,rt- p ronlzed frequently bv motor r- r if these modern hotels oee-ip; i f r .1 f re part In the life of tlu S'i'e th n dl the taverns of the p;sh'. n'b iry" GREEN MOUNTAIN CIRCUIT. A'om'IiimI Ions for first i:ent lit Hut hind, Sept. 1-S. The following nominition- to early clo"hu.- eenls in the Uteen Mi.n'itn circuit hnie been made, tlu f'-it r, e-i being held In Rutland, Sp, niier 4, u, C, 7 nnd v FRSF.-FOR-.' I.L J!.'" Jennie W , "jai-i ni AlritnW, I.. J. Tartu, Montn V P. Q. Grace G.. 2.- -" i -4 s in. i,y .- i ,nx Me dium, J. O. Hi iv. ifo-ton, M.f- Alleen Wilson, : blk m by Ar- rowwood, Driving elu stables. Provi dence, It. I. Sara Ann P .fch, 2.CC Mk m by Joo Patchcn, J. W l'oakl'. p.. in, M-is.s. Aa Wilkes - 7 1-2. Wi!l:c' J. W. ' -kl The Pluiiiiner. ! fc. 'l j. n r. M . 1 V mont, , t r ler . Jn f.rt.i, Salem, G. V. Whitney, 1 ui Ruth D.. 2,i lt Wilkes, Wood li.; .glen. -'t N. Y. Major Mallow, I:nr,. b. ': . by Pox Hl der. W. 11. Mullow, Washington C. II., Ohio. Fred D., 2.04 1-4, ro. g. by I)' Douglass, Kdw. Lyons, So. Hadley. M - Gott Hit, 2.CO 3-4, g. g. by S im Twister, Forest Park farm. Rrandon. Vt Raybefta J., 2:lCa;, ro. g.. by R.iybet ta, Forest I ark farm. Brand -n, Vt. Greatest lAne, 2.08 1-4, b. m. by Great Heart, O. 'V. Welch, No. Adams, Miss. 2.14 PACH, SM. Stella V., blk. m. by Alliello, R. G, Crosby, Dorchester, Mass. Charlie King. blk. g. by May King, R G. Crosby, Dorchester, Mass. Cousin Ruth. ch. m. by Country Cous in, Dr. S. P. Phelps, Norwooo, N. Y Urnest, br. r. by Hesperus S. ; J W Coakley, lloston, Mnss. Orchid, b. m. by Steve Whipple, O R. Russell, Lake George. N Y Ella Willis, ro. m. by Strongwood, P. C. Lasbury, Uroadbrook, C .nn Louis Mac, b. in. by McEl Roberts John W. Stevenson, Fulton. N Y Direct Adair, ch. h. by Direct Hal, 3 G. Camp. Oneontn. N. V 1 eaut Mi Klimey. h. m. bv Wal'ire M-- , Kinney: Lottie P.. blk. m. by Prig' t Heart, Woody Hill Stock farm, Salem N. Y. King Derby, b. h. by The Corker, Yl U. V, hltehead. Selkirk, N. Y. Rouses Point Hoy, b. g., by JudsS Swing, J. i: Troville, Rouses Point Y. 1. O. P.. b. h., by Island Wilkes. New poit Stock fnrm. Newport. Vt Josle S., b. ill. I'- Jubilee, P E. She don, Malonc. N, Y. Vnn Ilrown, ch. g. by Van Done. Dry ing club stables, Proldcnee, It I S.S0 TROT. Walter S., br. h. by i.n..,rtt "s.lk, Pr S. P. Phelps, Norwood. V Uelle R. Wilkes, blk. ni ! Sea Lion D. II. Itowe, Little Fall- N ? Rlrai.o, b. h. by Ulngin Kir Hi drick, b. g.. by Keeler; lrinee Uee by Prince Lavalunl; Fhnronnetu ' y. by Pnronet, Woody Hill Stock farm, Sa lem. N. Y. Jonah Mrn, oh. g. by Constarern. T. A. Thrall, Hartford. Conn The Montana, b. g. by Prodigal, Rog er Rourlie, Greenfield, M.is Slster-ln-hiw, blk. m. by He r-.t Law, Ftancls K. Prescott, Roekvi'le Conn. The Princess, b. in. bv uno n ie Fir est Park farm. Brandon. Vt Handspring Joe, b. g.. by H.indsprim. Forest i' ill, farm, Pr-'tidon. Vt Africander, b. h. by Moko, J W C il ley, Heston. . ass. Qupcnsoourt, g. m. b Diniou't, J N Aylward. Syracuse, N. Y Hiizelwood. ch. 111. h Aillewiod G. It. Ru.-sel, Lake G or . . N Y I.ethgo. I . n by Wllask G R Rus sell, Lnxn George. N. Y. John O.. br. g. by Pinccn, G R R is. sell, 1 ake George. N. Y Kastos, b. h., by Kremlin O W We'ch, No .' dams. Mass Kitty Autograph, b. m, by Autogn,h, John H. Slriv, Albany, N Y Larable Gyp, b. g. h l.nri Me t o Great, Driving club snides. Prouder , R. I. Tllli: FOR HIM TO I.HVVU. A Philadelphia clergyman who is soire thing of a wag tolls thl-- stoi i m a brother minister, with whom he re 'fitly attended n convention In W aider .ton "The conductor on a stteet enr on which wo were riding oiu dn. he said, "was ni st cpparently of Eng'lsh birth Wo had hardly seated ouise es when 1 was attracted by his pronunciation, " 'Ilnltch Htieet,' he called s nr'l after we were seated. " 'III,' was the next call Then followed 'J' and MC At this juncture my com psnliui got up. " Tin going to get off heie' ho said. '1 can't stay to heni tho next." "-Philadelphia Times. Robert 11. F. Uranchnud of Rutland, a leaman on tho U. S. S. Georgia, rocently received n bronze medal from the ns slstnnt secretnry of the mvy for his nmrksmnii'hip. The mednl hns three barj ittnchod. one bearing tho year 1911, nn other the rank f sharp-hooter and tin third that of expert rlflrmnn, tho h'ghes' honor a rifleman enr ob'a'r. To watch tho wnnt nds Is to "know vJ- in real ostnte.