Newspaper Page Text
HUNTING AHEAD OF ROOSEVELT IN EAST AFRICA. By Captain Fritz Duqucsne. The experience President Roosevelt has gained hunting game on the North America continent will be of little use to him on his expedition into the wilds of East Africa. Hynt* ing in America is a sport, something to be played at; hunting in Africa is a trade, almost a profession. In America one merely takes a rifle and goes out to shoot. In Africa, to hunt one takes a battery of arms, usually three and sometimes four, high pow der rifles of different caliber, ranging from a six and five-tenths millimeter to a six hundred cordite express. The cartridges for these rifles are charg ed with various bullets, solid nickel, steel, soft nose long, soft nose short and split. Each of these bullets was designed by experts for a special use, and on the way they are used depends the success of one’s shot. Often the use of the unsuitable bullet ends in the iium ts aeam. un small game the light caliber arm, six five-tenths mil limeter, is used, and on large and dangerous game the nine millimeter Mauser and six hundred caliber cor dite express give the best results. The last-named rifle strikes the en ormous blow of eighty-seven hundred pounds, and lias a recoil of close on a hundred weight. That the man whose numing experiences has been confined to bird shooting with shot guns. or small game, with, say, a tliirty-tWo caliber rifle, may under stand the meaning of these figures, let me stale that the ordinary thirty two caliber rifle lias a recoil of perhaps ten to twelve pounds. The double barreled shotgun, which to the ordinary hunter seems to have all the “kicking”, capacity any wea pon needs, has a recoil of from twenty-five to thirty pounds. The six hundred caliber cordite ex press is the most deadly hand arm made. Notwithstanding the terrific force of this six hundred express bullet it must be placed in the correct part of an elephant’s or a rhinocero’s an atomy to bring him down. The hunte must put the shot into the animal’s head or heart, or he must face a charge that will probably end in his destruction. Rifles of various caliber are carried for economy. It is cheaper to use a small six five-tenths millimeter rifle on small game, and a six hundred ex press on big game, than to carry one weapon for allround work whicliwould have to be big enough at least for the largest game. Nothing smaller than a four hundred and fifty express would do for that, and it would be distinctly uneconomical, not to say foolish, to shoot p, small antelope, the size of a goat, with a six hundred •express. It would be like using a pile driver to kill a mosquito. Again, cartridges become very costly by the time they reach the interior of Af rica. A cartridge for a six hundred •express rifle, for instance, costing sixpence—twelve cents— in London, reaches an enormous price by the tine it gets into the hunting grounds of Africa. I have seen them bring five shillings, $1.25 each, ahd very sc arce at that. Nor is this such ^n extravagant price wdien one takes into consideration that every ounce has to be carried by porters who plod for months through swmmps, across riv- rs, over mountains, traversing the parched veld and penetrating the dis mal forest,, often fighting their way foot by foot before they reach their destination. It is easy to see that, weight is an important factor in cartridge economics. Four six five-tenths millimeter cartridges are equal in weight to one six hundred express. That is, it is four deaths against one, for the same weight. Thesee are the things President Roosevelt must learn before he can consider himself up on the ways of safari. If the President hunts like an Amerieander and not like the av erage European that visits the dark continent, he will certainly find dan ger; danger that tries a hunters’ v rv>\ that requires an alert in telligence and quick eye to pass through it and live. Of course I am speaking from the viewpoint of a professional hunter, whose business is to get skins and tusks. Danger is a part of his pro fession, and to play with death his daily occupation. Mr. Roosevelt’s rep utation as a man of prowess andnerve lias preceded him. The natives that . been engaged for his safari by Mr. R. J. Cunningham of Nairobi, East Af rica, are already discussing the “great oilier who is to be their companion and master for the twelve months after next March. Mr. Cunninghame, who is organiz ing the Roosevelt expedition, is one of the most experienced and clever African hunters. He will have com plete charge of everything from the largest to the smallest detail. With him at the head of things the Presi dent can depend on having a success ful hunt. That is, if he is going for .sport and aot merely as a scribe looking for local atmosphere for his book. Many great American hunters have killed all their game in the nar row and dark confines of an ink bot tle. Africa is a menagerie 11,500,00 miles in area, with tihe greatest com bination of lakes, rivers, mountains and veld imaginable, a veritable pa radise for wild animals. Notwith standing the destruction of big game, there are still thousands of herds of everything Africa possesses for the hunter, roaming over the veld only a few days travel afoot from the coast, There are hundreds of rivers that have rarely been visited by the white man. On the banks of these streams hippopotami, rhinoceri, ele phants, leopards, lions, gorillas, and dozens of varieties of antelope, the j names of which have never been heard by the majority of Eurapeans or Americans, gambol and fatten in gluttonous plentitude undisturbed by the crack of the six-hundred caliber express. It is only In reachable districts that the game i3 killed toany great extent. The cost and danger of hunting in most of the country have protected it and will protect it for many years to come. Where game is most abundant the frightful diseases that nature seems to ihave placed as a barrier against the white man’s invasion are also abundant. In Africa’s wild, beautiful, mysterious forests, more to be fear ed than all the lions and rhinos, lurk the germs of the deadly blackwater fever, malaria, science defying sleep ing sickness and the unknown reason for the veld sores that drain one’s life out in a few months. These with the miasmal swamps, the noxious in sects, the slimy, poisonous reptiles, and very often the poisonous spears of the natives, make hunting in Af rica no game for the chicken-hearted. Of course, hunting as a business is one thing and hunting for pleas ure is another. It is possible .to kill African game to a limited extent with out the slightest hardship. One can go on safari accompanied by natives who do all the work, even to carry ing the sportsman in a hammock up to the game, selecting the correct rifle, loading with the proper ammu nition, pointing out the place to shoot at and handing the hunter the weapon. The hunter merely pulls the trigger, after seeing that there are a number of natives hunters in readi ness to protect him should he miss his mark and the game charge. As often as not he misses, a shikaree shoots the game, and his employer gets the credit. It is the dangerous side only of African hunting that has any attractions for the man with any sporting instincts in him, and it is only that side of th ehunt that is of interest to the laity. According to the present intentions, Mr. Cunninghame wrill take the Roose velt party over the route I have cov ered twice, the last time very recent ly. What I have passed through Roosevelt must. face. He will be lucky if he comes out alive. Like most Boers, I have been hunt ing. on and .off, and associating with hunters since I wras ten years old. Danger p,nd hairbredth escapes have happened so frequently to me that most of my hunting experiences ap pear almost too commonplace to re cord. Yet someof them stand out vividly from the rest, especially those of recent occurance. It would be im possible to hunt any length of time in Africa without having some adven tures worth relating; adventures in which a steady eye, nerves of steel, and a brain as quick as lightning are life-saving essentials to a big game hunter. Most game drops at the first shot from the rifle of an experienced hun ter. “The game that makes the story is the game that’s missed,” as the Swahili—East coast natives say, and there is nothing truer than that saying, as far as my experiences'go, for a bad shot nearly ended my trek a little while ago in the Lake coun try. I was treking between Lake Albert Edward N’Yanza and Lake Kivu, the greatest stretch of hunting ground in the world, with a caravan of a hundred men. We had marched steadily through the early part of the day and, now that the merciless white hot sun was directly overhead, I called a halt, Each member of the caravan threw himself down in the shade excepting my shikaree Nick, a “boy” from the other side of the continent, a native of Senegal. He never rested, and as he got a per centage of the ivory we secured, he never lets the soles of his feet grow soft for want of exercise. About an hour passed before Nick came swing ing into camp with his white teeth gleaming like new swords. I knew by his smile that there was some thing afoot. He walked straight to my elephant gun and beckoned me. I knew he had struck a fresh spoor trail. Seizjpg my arms, I signaled my gun bearer and struck out, Nick leading. If there are any elephants about at midday, the hunter is pretty sure to make a good bag, for at that time they rest out of the direct rays < of the sun, dozing the hot hours away, and are easily approached. After half an hour’s walk through grass that was at least twenty feet high, we came across a herd of about twenty elephants, among which there were some fine bull tusks. As I expected, they were all resting out of the sun. They were difficult to get at on account of the thickness of tihe undergrowth. It meant a long pa tient crawl to a good shooting posi tion, for to shoot at anything but close quarters in such country meant that the bullet would be deflected by the bush. I put a solid nickel bail m the right barrel of my six-hundred caliber express for a head shot, and a soft nose split in the left barrel for a body shot, With the shikaree at my side and the gun bearer at my back, we crept silently, inch by inch, foot by foot, through the huge tufts of grass till a good view of the game presented itself. I took off my coat and hat, hung them on a low limb and crawled a fe yards farther on. As I could not get a vital shot at any of the elephants in their lying position,s I gave my sharp whistle. In an instance they were upon their feet thrusting their trunks up in the air to get a scent of their enemies and holding out their enormous ears to cavch the slightest sound At last an old bull worked in to the right position. I aimed at his weakest pont, between the eye and ear, and gave him the solid shot. My aim was bad; a piece of his tusk flew into the air. With a roar he charged down on me like an ava lanche. I leveled ray express for a second shot and the natives stood ready. Down he came, the grass waving be fore him in billows. I waited fifty, forty, thirty, twenty yards, another second’s suspense and—bang! I gave him the soft bullet full in the chest. It failed to stop him. A screeching roar of pain burst from the charging monster and blood gush ed from his trunk. I snatched my Maiper and jumped aside as he pass ed. My hat and coat, which were a few yards behind, attracted his. at tention. With a snort of satisfaction he crushed them down. I gave him all my Mauser shots in the rear. With extraordinary suddenness he turned. He sighted me and charg ed, his tusks level with my body. My magazine was empty. I threw my rifle down and ran, the elephant gaining on me at each step. I saw Nick ahead of me with leveled rifle. To keep running meant that _ I would soon be overtaken. Instinc tively I threw myself on the ground and Nick fired. With a thud th^t made the earth tremble tZie elephant dropped. The huge trunk twisted like a wounded snake for a moment, and then the gigantic body relaxed in death. It all took about two minutes to happen and was pretty close shave, but it was worth the trouble, for the tusks we got were big, weighing close to a hundred pounds. A few months after this occurence, on the same trip, I lost Nick, my Senegal “boy,” under terrible circum stances. This brave man who had hunted everything in Africa from the Cape to Cairo, and from Zanzibar to Banana, boasted many a time that he would never be killed by anything but old age. But he was too sure. Long association with danger made him careless, and this cost him his life. We were treking south toward Lake Tanganyika along a native path run ning parallel wifjh the Rusizi River. It was frightful hot, so hot that the gun barrels burned our hands. The porters staggered under their heavy loads in a long string,mumbling songs each in his native tongue, to keep up "his fagged spirits, and the sun rays danced in misty vibrations from the parched earth. Suddenly the jun gle ceased^ and we broke into the op en veld- Four hundred yards away, coming in the opposite direction, was a herd of at least twenty elephants. They had evidently made a long jour ney and were suffering from the in tense heat. Some of them were occu pied in thrusking their trunks into their mouths and drawing water from their stomachs. With tlhis water they were sprinkling their sunburned backs This is a habit that elephants always practice when they are overheated and cannot find the shade of a friend ly forest. To me the sigfit of the approach ing herd was welcome. I saw ivory which meant thousands of dollars- to us if we could get in a few good shot I ordered my caravan back into the undergrowth, and, bringing up the shikarees, prepared for the slaughter. I loaded my nine millimeter Mauser with solid bullets for long shots. At three hundred yards I opened fire and the leader, a fine hull, dropped in his tracks The crack of my rifle threw the herd into consternation. They were not sure where ilhe noise came from, and they as yet had not caught sight of us. After a little indecision they kept on the old route and march ed toward us. A hundred yards neareT and I gave the nearest, another bull, my second shot. It went wild. He shrieked and threw his trembling —-, head back and forth frantic with pain. I had evidently gave him a bad face wound. I fired again- and must have missed. He saw me, and, trumpeting loudly, charged down on us, followed by the whole herd. I emptied my magazine into them with no effect. Nearer they came, their ivory gleam ing in the sun and the dust curling up in clouds behind them. The ground vibrated like a beaten drum top under their thunderous charge. I saw a tusk-crested wave of mam moths sweeping down to destroy us. It was no time for inaction. The gun bearer handed me the six hundred ex press. At a hundred yards I gave t|ie leader one barrel after the other. He fell, and those behind tumbled over him in a heap. For a moment the mad charge was broken. I thought we were out of danger, but another lea der forged ahead and bore down on us. “!Run!” I shrieked, and every man made for safety, excepting Nick, the coolest in the face of danger and always the last to run. The herd bore down. I threw myself behind a tree, just escaping being crushed to death. A screech rose above the thunder of the hoofs and the next instance I saw Nick hoisted into the air with a blood-stained tusk through his body. The infuriated mass swept past, leaving a red marked trail. I immediately set out on the spoor of the herd in hope of getting the body of the shikaree. Although I search ed until sundown I was unsuccess ful. That night I heard the lions roar- ] ing down toward the river. The next morning, with a few natives, I con tinued the search, in the direction that the lions’ roars came from dur ing the night. We soon sighted a flock of vultures, a sure sign of dead game, and, coming up with them, we found the chewed carcass of an elee pliant and the scattered bones of a human being, among which I found Nick’s hunting knife and belt. The wounded elephant had carried him on its tusk till it fell exhausted through loss of blood, and died. Il was one of the best ivory hauls I ever made at one shooting and. it was the saddest. Nick was the great shi karee. He possessed every attribute of manhood. He died like many a hunter has died. Nick was the twentieth native that l have lost on my various expeditions. It was in due same country that on a previous expedition a rhinoceros in vaded our camp and killed two native porters, wounding three and giving x.2«* a close call. If the Genius of Hell used up all his mental energy making a devil for tne animal kingdom he could not hav created a more uncertain, malicious and ugly brute than the rhinoceros. This animal has buried more hunters than all other big game combined. It seems to be the hired assassin of the jungle. Its success as a homicider is not due to the fact that it seeks its victim, but because its victim falls over it. If the rhino knows that there is an enemy about, it will try to get away without being seen. If, on the other hand, it thinks that by keeping still it will be passed un noticed, it stays as silent and motion less as Gibraltar, its little hog eyes watching the direction of the noise and its nose sniffing the air. Should an enemy show up suddenly in the j.ungl§ the rhino charges like a flash, nose down and horns leveled like swords for the thrust, its huge bulk crushing through the brush like an express train. It is always a fight to the death,for a rhinoceros once in a fight wins or dies, and it mostly wins, if it is not confronted with an express rifle in the hands of a cool,good shot. It was the express in the hands c? a cool shot that saved me in the en counter related here. We had been out nearly a year and were returning to civilization, such as it is on the East African coast, with a good stock of ivory. My part ner, Jappie de Villiers, a well-known Roer hunter, had fever and was ex pected to die at any moment. He bad been car ded three hundred miles from the interior in a hammock. If de Villeris had not been ill I would not be alive today. We were pitching camp at the Ka rega River on one of those inexpli cable barren patches that are scat tered like freckles over the face of the tropical forests. The sun was set ting and the sky blazed like the mouth of a foundry furnace. The smoke of the newly made camp fires rose slowly in the damp air and hung lazily about i*he tree tops; clouds of flies and mosquitoes followed every living thing and the lizards looked inquisitively down from their perch es in the great vines that reached out like the tentacles of a mighty oc topus holding everything in its grasp. The river with its waxey water flow ers and gliding crocodiles was on one side of us, the tropical jungle, mys terious and fascinating in all its viv id and extravagant luxury*was on the other. I hung our rifles on the limbs of the trees which supported my sick comrade’s hammock.The porters were collecting dry wood for the night fires as I watdhed a monster croco dile in the water making a futile ef fort to swollow a friend nearly as big i as itself. A party of natives from ] a neear-by village was skinning a beast we had shot for food. In an other group my “boys" were opening the bundles of camping necessities. A loud grunt, followed by a Somali’s cry, came from the jungle side of the camp, and the next Instance the huge rhinoceros, burst- through the undergrowth. The Somali ran for a tree. He tripped over an ammu nition box, the rhino passed him in Its blind fury and charged down on the clump of porters, scattering them like the chaff before th e wind. One was crushed down.. Another who had stumbled rose to run, the madden ed beast charged and thrust its horn through his back,battered him against a tree, and then hurled him in the air. CLOSE CALL FOR A BRAVE HUN TER. I was reaching for my rifle when the rhino caught sight of me. I was too late. I turned and ran toward the river. A dive would save me. I thought of the crocoidles. I felt tjhe puff of the rhino’s foul breath. My heart sank. I had one chance to jump aside and let the rhino pass. I jumped, and the roaring animal wiped its gore-stained cheek on me as I did. I doubled on my tracks, the demoniac brute frothing in fury after me. As I passed under tjhe ham mock where my companion lay be tween life .and death, there was a vivid flash, a deafening roar filled the world, and I fell. The rhinoceros rolled over, squirting a stream of hot blood on me from a wound in its neck. I looked up, dazed and breathless. I didn t know whether I was dead or alive. I felt foe huge, throbbing carcass beside me. The yellow fever-stained, hollow-eyed face of De Villiers looked over the ham mock and asked, “Are you hurt?” “I think not,” l answered. “What happened?” I got no answer. De Villiers sank back with a groan. I sprang to the side of the hammock. I thought he $was dead. His breast was coveered with blood. I opened his shirt and saw his right collar bone broken and protruding through the flesh. I forced some brandy down his throat and he revived. “What happened?” I again asked. “You had no chance for life, and that was the death of the rhino. I had one chance in a thousand of saving you and killing the rhino. I took it and gave rhino both barrels of the express. Your face is singed a little from the flash. The recoil of the blunderbuss has hurt my should er.” He put his left hand over and felt the shattered collar bone. “I suppose it’s all up with me,” he said. “This, on top of the fever, is too much.” He smiled and fell back unconscious. The natives who had fled returned, and we examined the five, porters who got the rhino’s charge. Two were dead, three badly injured. Through that night I sat beside my unconisious comrade inthe flicker of the camp fires, listening to the dull, monotonous droning of the In sects in the trees, and seeing faces in the embers, one face especially, a kind, thin face crowned with whitee hair weeping as I told her of Jappier, her hunter son’s deaiih. I turned to put some wood on €he fire. Glaring in the grass a few yards away I saw two green, phosphorescent eyes. I seized lny Luger pistol and rose. Like aflash a lion sprang away before I could shoot. A little later the for est burst into thunderous roars. It seemed to be full of lions, which was attracted by the smell of ilhe rhino’s blood. De Villiars did not die. He came through, it all. He now organizes hunting expeditions into East Africa and in all probability he will be one of the Roosevelt party. TREED BY A RHINO BIRTHDAY PARTY. 4 The next we continued our march. We had. not gone far when a native brought in news of a fresh rhino spoor. I at once set out in search of the game. We were not ten min utes on the hunt when I smeelled the peculiar odor of the rhino,which some times is very strong. I was down the wind—that is, the wind was blowing toward me from the rhino—so I was sure of getting a pretty good shot. A few minutes later I saw a long horn, sticking through the grass. It was, motionless. The animal was, wait ing for us to pass. I took a chance aim and fired, hoping to hit a vital spot. My calculation was bad and t|ae rhino scampered off at a gallop. I stood there cursing my luck when a grunt behind me nearly scared me out of my wits. I took no chances, but turned and ran. I bpdn’t gone twenty yards when I bumped on something in the grass and down I went. I grabbed my rifle and made for the nearest tree a few yards away. When I could get my breath I surveyed the scene from my point of vantage. I could see at least teu rhinos* The thing I fell over was i newborn bfcby rhino and it must lave been Its\mother I shot at. It is the hlbit of the pachyder niata of AfrtJi to collect around a female that isf about to give birth to foung. Thiil is to protect the aew-born wealling against the attacks 5f ita enemies/ and that is the sort of christening I } ran Into. I Ira ted to Interrupt the (birthday party, but I couldn't let sdntimeent interfere with business, so I opened fire on the near est rhino. He got it right through the heart and fell. I fired at a sec ond and that also went down. While I was reloading my express the rest took fright and scampered off. There is ra great deal of difference between hunting the rhinoceros and the hippopotamus. The latter is easy to hunt as a back-yard cat. You find its trail on the river bank and then sit down and wait till the animal shows itself. One heavy shot will generally finish it. NARROW ESCAPE FROM CROCO DILES. The summer before last I was hunt ing on the Kagera. We had eaten antelope for some time and the camp was anxious for a change, so I shot a hippo for food. It wras an easy qhing to do. I waited till it showed its head, and, bang. A spirt of blood and it was all over. As the w'Cfer was deep, but not running, I knew that in the morning I ought to find my victim floating. At daybreak I was dawn at the river with a party of natives. As expected, the hippo’s body was floating, but, unlucky for us, on the opposite side c? the river, which was teeming with crocodiles. I tried to persuade some of the na tives to go in with a rope and attach it so that we could draw the hippo over. No amount of persuasion would, induce them to even put their feet in the river. At last, exasperated, I seized the end of the rope and jumped into the river, boots and all, and struck out for the hippo. I had gone about a hundred strokes when a cry from the bank caused me to look around. A cold shiver of horror ran through me, for twenty yards behind, gliding silently toward me through the blue water, I could distinguish the brown form of a crocodile. "Shoot” I cried.“Shoot” as I put every bit of energy into my stroke. The crocodile must have been near m for the bullets that were being fired from the bank commenced to zip, zip, around my head. I was afraid to look back, expecting every moment to be seized and dragged to the bottom. At last I reached the dead hippo and managed to drag myself out of the water up on the slippy carsass. The exertion made my head swim. In a few minutes I was myself again. I apologized in silence to the black gentlemen on the river bank for doubting their courage. I had none left. I took my knife and cut a foot hold on the carcass, and then rocked it so that it would drift to the shore. The natievs told me that a well directed bullet had hit the crocodile in the head. Two months after that I got some dynamite from Nairobi and blasted the crocodile hole Where I had such a close shave. I fished out one hun dred and foryt-seven in a week. The skins of thousands of these crocodiles are shipped from the Lakes Region every year to a German firm that makes a specialty of crocodile skin bags. Crocodiles, with lions and leop ards and a number of other carnivor ous animals, are classed as vermin, so no license is required to shoot them. The cost of hunting big game in Africa is enormous. One must spend a fortune before firing the first shot. The various European colonies “pro tect” their game by charging fifty pounds sterling — $250 a year for a license which allows the hunter to kill two each of tfiie pachydermata and from two to ten of the various species of antelopes. This does not protect the game, but it fills the local treasuries. Added to this is the price for porters, Shikarees, headmen, etc.,who have to accompany the hun ter. The average expedition is made up of from thirty to thirty-five na tives for each white man. The cost of euqipping and maintaining an ex pedition is from four hundred to. six hundred dollars a month for each white hunter, according to the district hunted in. One well-known concern with headquarters at Nairobi, that makes a business of hunting and ex pedition managing, equips and main tains an expedition in the field for six hundred dollars a month, sup plying everything excepting arms and liquor. No doubt you will say, “If it is so costly, why hunt? It must pay or one would not take the risk.” Reckon ing in dollars it does not pay. I have hunted a great deal and turned over a lot of money, but was never much better off at the end of the year. “Why hunt?” you ask. There is one answer, “Once a hunter always a hunter,”