The leader. [volume], December 14, 1898, Image 4

About The leader. [volume] (Brookhaven, Miss.) 1895-1905

Image provided by: Mississippi Department of Archives and History

                
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1 II K Leader.
W«dn**day Evening. Dec. 14. '98. !
THIS MAY MEAN YOU.
Persons who receive this week s
p Leader who lire not regular subscrib
ers, will understand that it is sent as a
sample copy, and that we would like
for them to take the paper regulatly.
One dollar paid by new subscribers
during December will get the paper
until Jan. 1st. 1900. Send us your name
and fl.00.
HARD TIMES.
“There he many that say. Who will
show us any good?" (Psalms 4:6.)
In olden times there were many who ,
could see no good in obeying God, or
in other words, they could see no good .
in doing good. Human nature is over
the same. Since the day when Cain,
with one fell hlow, brought his brother
to the ground, there has been no
human scheme that would improve
human nature. The only way that
this human nature can he improved is
for it to l>e brought into harmony with
God and his laws, and then our eyes
are opened and we can see good in
everything around us. God says,“Thou
shalt not kill." Bring men into har
mony with this one precept, and the
cry of murder will he no longer heard
in our land. Had the young man Rut
land been in harmony with this pre
cept. he would not have tilled himself
with blind tiger whisky and sent a
hull tearing through the brain of Mr.
Ell/.eyfc sou. who was the pride of his
father and mother. And yet there are
many that say. “Who will show us any
good?"
"l tiou snalt not stoat, IS anouier
holy precept of God. Bring every
human being into harmony with tliis
precept and there is not a dishonest
man or woman on the face of theenrth.
This would bo quite an improvement
on the present situation. We see
costly jail houses and prisons erected
all over our country: we see great iron
safes in every business house, and
presuppose thieves and murderers.
Bring the people of this country into I
harmony with the precepts of God and
you may pull down every jail house in
the land, oast every iron safe into the
street, and tear every lock from your
doors. This would indeed he a great
saving. Still there are many that say.
“Who will show us any good?”
It would be of little consequence
then as to which political party we be
long, or who is president under this
blessed state of affairs. All troubles
would be settled (including the school
troubles at Bogue Chittoi. and every
one would greet his neighbor with a
smile and a cordial shake of the .hand.
Iu proportion as an individual grows
out of harmony with God, in the same
proportion does he grow morally worse
and everything becomes wrong end
foremost with him, and the times get
mighty hard: but the man with an
unswerving faith in God, bows to the
situation and says it could he worse,
like the pious old woman who, it mat
tered not what happened, was always
accustomed to say, "It could be worse.”
One day, when this good old woman
was passing through what seemed to be
a great trial of affliction, her spiritual
advisor called to see her and endeavor
ed to pour in the oil and the wine.
Listening attentatively at what the
preacher had to say, she remarked,
“It could be worse.” “Madam,” said
the divine in a rather serious tone, "if
the devil had you on his back going to
torment with you, I believe you would
say, ‘it could be worse.’ ” “Well, yes,”
said the good old woman, "it would lie
much easier on me for the devil to
carry me than for me to carry him."
“Well,” says one, "do you think any
good will come by these hard times we
are having?” Our reply is, yes These
times are putting men on their metal.
Everyman’s loyalty and fidelity to God
and the laws of Ins country are being
put to a strong test, and blessed is he
who comes forth without the smell of
fire upon his garments. S.
Representative White, the colored
member of Congress from North Caro
lina, severely arraigns the leaders of
the recent Carolina mobs, and says the
race issue has about reached the point
where the negro must face either -ex
termination or emigration. In this
view he expresses regret that the pres
ident's message did not deal with the
race question.
Sergeant Major Boh Banks, Jr., of
the first regiment has been appointed ■
second lieutenant company C third
regiment.
It is the primary duty
S of every woman to wear
in her face the lilies
and roses of health. It
is one of woman’s nat
ural missions to please,
and one of the first at
tributes of a pleasing
woman is a complexion
that shows the bloom
of health.
No matter how beau
tiful a woman may be
at the outset, if she
suffers from weakness
and disease of that
delicate and important
^-organism that is the
threshold of human
life, she will soon show
traces of suffering in
and homely. She will lose her animation
of manner, the sparkle will fade from her
eyes arid the roses from her cheeks, her
form will lose its roundness and her step its
sprigbUiness. Dr. Pierce's Favorite Pre
scription imparts strength, health, vigor
and virility to the feminine organism. It
allays inflammation, heals ulceration and
tones the nerves. It makes weak women
strong in a womanly way and able to bear
the burdens of maternity. It banishes the
suffering of the period of gestation, and
makes baby’s advent easy and almost pain
tass. It restores the lost complexion and
Imparts strength, vitality and health to
the entire system.
_" I am very thankful for what Dr. Pierce’s
Favorite Prescription has doue for me,” writes
Mrs. Etta E. Smith, of Crenola. Elk Co.. Kans
“ About a month before I was confined I had
such pains that I could stand up only a little
while at a time. I could not rest at night or at
any other time. I could scarcely eat anything
I began taking Dr. Pierce s Favorite Prescrip,
tton and after the second dose 1 felt better.
jFrotn then until I was confined I carried all the
water that was used up a long hill and worked
Mb the garden every day, besides my other work
mad did not feel al all bad. When the baby was
ibara I had a very easy time. The women said I
had an easier time than any one they ever saw
Car tba ant tune. The baby is very healthy. I ,
feat af 'Wbca she was five days old After two •
jdsysl^ began my own work and felt stout sad
' Par • free, paper-covered copy of Doctor
.Fissee's Common Sense Medical Adviser i
mad ti one-cent stamps, to cover mailing
only. Cloth-bound Jt stamps. Address j
Or. ft. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y A medical
library u) one louOpage volume.
-v i,: mm
THE NOEL AMENDMENT FOR AN
ELECTIVE JUDICIARY.
Tue adoption of the levee amend
ment to the constitution by the people
of the State at the recent t'ongression 1
a! election, is the second change the j
people have made in the new organic
law that was adopted by the people in
convention assembled and put into ef
fect Nov. 1, 1890.
The first amendment to the new con- J
stitutiou. submitted by the legislature
of 1894, was adopted by the people at
the State election on Tuesday after j
first Monday in November, 1895. This j
was an amendment striking out sec
tion 106 of the constitution, which '
reads as follows:
"The legislature shall provide for
the enumeration of the whole number
of inhabitants, and the (piulitied elect
j ors of the State, once in every ten
years, and the first enumeration shall
lie made during the two months be
ginning on the first Monday of June.
11895, and the legislature shall provide
for the same by law."
The idea ot the trainers ©line consu-1
tution, as indicated in debate, was to
have the Mississippi census, ns above
outlined, taken midway between the
Federal census, which is taken every
ten years. Beginning in 1895. would
have given the State the benefit of a
i census every five years, the Federal
! census being due in 1900, and thus the
reports would have run along.
In the legislature of 1804 the argu
ment was made that it would he a cost
ly luxury to have the State pay for a
census every ten years, and the resolu
tion submitting the striking out of sec
tion 105 of the constitution was adopt
ed by both houses on three several suc
cessive days, and the legislature failing
to provide an appropriation for the
taking of the State census in 1895,
none, of course, could he taken. The
people ratified the proposed amend
ment of the legislature of 1894 at the
(Hills In November, 1895. and the legis
lature of lSSKS, a-s provided by the con
stitution in such cases, expunged sec
tion 105 from the constitution.
Next year the people of the State
will he called on to vote on the Noel
amendment for an elective judiciary.
That amendment, as heretofore stated,
is so crude as to border on monstrosity.
As first pointed out in the Picayune,
and afterwards confirmed by the
oldest lawyers of the State, some of
whom favor an elective judiciary, the
Noel resolutions contain four or live
separate changes, all jumbled together,
incapable of division, when the consti
tution itself clearly says that when
more than one amendment is proposed
each proposed amendment must he
separate, so the voter may vote for one
and against another. The Noel resolu
tion, which was adopted by both
branches of the legislature on three
several days, itself refers to the matter
ill it. as amendments and the plural is
manifestly correct, for it not only
changes the term of the supreme
judges from nine to eight years, hut it
provides for their election, and they
are now appointive. It also provides
for the election of judges of the circuit
courts and chancellors, and fixes the
mode and manner of the nomination
land election of supreme and circuit
judges and chancellors.
But the grotesque feature of this
j fearfully and wonderfully constructed
resolution is that it provides that all
judges shall ho nominated by districts,
but that they shall be elected by the
State at large. There are supreme
court districts the northern, the
southern and the middle district.
They cut the State in three pieces, run
ning east and west. Supreme judges
sit ns the court ot lust resort upon the
lives, liberty and property of the peo
ple. If the people vote for the Noel
amendment to the constitution, two
thirds of tiio people will he robbed of
their right to say who shall he two of
the supreme judges of the State. In
other words, each district nominates a
judge and says to the people of the
other two-thirds of the State, compos
ing the other two districts : "You had
no voice in the nomination of this man.
but you voted for an elective judiciary:
you voted to change the constitution,
and now you have changed it, and we
have nominated this man, and you
must swallow him."
There are ten circuit judges. The
people in nine of the districts of the
State, if tliis amendment is adopted,
will have to vote for nine men for
judge, in whose nominations they have
been denied a voice or vote by the con
stitution, which they themselves voted
to change, and thus robbed themselves
of the l ight to say, primarily, who
should wear the judicial ermine.
Some of these men may be drunkards
men who could not be elected, per
haps, at the polls in their own districts,
notwithstanding they may have
schemed a nomination in their dis
trict primary by tricks or trades, or in
a convention where log-rolling won
the day, but the Noel amendment to
the constitution fixes it so that such
men can he elected by the State at
large.
There arc seven chancery court dis
tricts. By the provisions of the
Noel amendment six of t hese chancel
lors would have to be elected by peo
ple in other districts than their own
people who perhaps had never seen
them and did not know anything about
their fitness, integrity, sobriety or
general fitness for the office of chan
cellor.
i be people may want an elective ju
diciary. God knows some of them
have cause to want one. But the peo
ple are not apt to put themselves in a
• listitutioua! st raight jacket, and gag
themselves into igiiominiously inviting
f» change that will deny them a right
lo speak primarily as to who shall
wear the ermine and sit upon their
lives, liberty and property. .Jaclsan \
'i'orresjiondcncc iV. <) Picayune.
Praise for Cols. Bryan and Mont
gomery.
Il'ioin 'Tin 1st in the Camp," by Chaplain .1. M. I
Phillips in the Seminary Magazine.]
Among the most faithful officers of
the 7th Army Corps with whom I came !
in intimate contact were my own com
mander, Col. W. A. Montgomery, of the !
Second Mississippi, and Col. William
Jennings Bryan, of the Third Nebras
ka. These men not only assisted me
in securing the attendance of their men,
but were always ready to perform any
servico I required. They often led in
public prayer and sometimes in exhor
tation. Col. Bryan was even more elo
quent in preaching the gospel than j
when discussing national issues in the !
campaign of 1696. These officers pro
hibited the disreputable army canteen !
from baing introduced into their regi
ments. They were faithful in looking
after their sick in the hospitals.
When so many officers were recreant
to their duties to God, it is a pleasure
to bear estimony to the Christian loy
alty of these two efficient commanders.
One dollar in cash paid in December
gets The Leadeb one year.
MESSAGE TOI
LAWMAKERS
_
President M’Kinley Addresses
Congress on War and
Other Problems.
FOR MONETARY REFORMS
Increase of the Standing Army to
100,000 Men and the Temporary
Continuance of Military Rule In
Stw Possessions Favored.
Washington, Dec. S.—On the convening
Of congress today. President McKinley
transmitted his annual messige, which
follows:
To the Senate and House of Representa
tives! •
Notwithstanding the added burdens
rendered necessary by the war onr people
rejoice in a very satisfactory and steadily
increasing degree of prosperity evidenced
by the greatest volume of business ever
recorded. Manufacture has been pro- j
duetive, rgiicultural pursuits have j
yielded abundant returns, labor in the
fields of industry is better rewarded, rev
enue legislation passed by the present
congress has increased the treasury's re
ceipts to the amount expected by its au- j
thors, the finances of the government
have been successfully administered and
Its credit advanced to the first rank, while
Its currency has been maintained at the
world's highest standard.
Military service under a common flag
for a righteous cause has strengthened
the national spirit and served to cement
more closely than ever the fraternal bonds
between every section of the country. A
review of the relations of the l'i ited
States to other powers, always appropri
ate, is this year of primary importance in
view of the momentous issues which have
arisen, demanding ii) one instance the ul
timate determination by arms and involv
ing farrenching consequences which will
require the earnest attention of the con
gress.
First Steps In the War,
In my Inst annual message very run
consideration was given to the question
of the duty of the government of tha
United States towards Spain and the Cu
ban insurrection ns being by far the most i
important problem with which we were j
then called upon to deal. The considera
tions then advanced and thu exposition of
the views therein expressed disclosed iny
sense of the extreme gravity of the situa- j
tion.
Setting aside as logically unfounded or |
practically advisable, the recognition of
the independence of Cuba, neutral inter
vention to and the war by imposing a ra
tionnl compromise between the contest
ants, intervention in favor of one or the
other party, and forcible annexation of
the island, I concluded it was honestly
due to our friendly relations with Spain
that she should be given a reasonable |
chance to realize her expectations of re- j
form to which she had become irrevoca- i
bly committed.
The ensuing month brought little sign
of real progress toward the pacification
of Cuba. No tangible relief was alforded
the vast numbers of unhappy reconcen
trados despite the reiterated professions
made in tlint regard and the amount ap
propriated by Spain to that end. Ify the
end of December the mortality among
them had frightfully increased. Conserv
ative estimates from Spanish sources
placed the deaths among these distressed
people at over 40 per cent from the time
Ceneral Weyler’s decree of reconcentra
tion was enforced.
The war continued on the old footing
without comprehensive plan, developing
only the same spasmodic encounters, bar
ren of strategic result, that had marked
the course of the earlier ten years’ rebel !
lion, ns well as the present insurrection
from its start. N'o alternative save phys-J
leal exhaustion of either combatant and i
therewithal the practical ruin of the j
island lay in sight, but how far distant no
one could venture to conjecture.
mowing 1 p of the Blaine.
At this juncture, on Feb. 15, last, oc- j
curred the destruction of tlie battleship
Maine, while rightfully lying in the har
bor of Havana on a mission of interna
tional courtesy and good will—a catastro
phe the suspicious nature and horror of
which stirred the nation’s heart pro
foundly. It is a striking e\idence of the
poise nnd sturdy good sense distinguish
ing our national character that this shock
ing blow, failing upon our generous peo
ple already deeply touched by preceding !
events in Cuba, did not move them to an !
instant, desperate resolve to tolerate no
| longer the existence of a condition of dan- j
ger and disorder at our doors that made
possible such a deed by whomsoever
wrought. Vet by instinct of justice pa
tience prevailed and the nation anxiously
awaited the result of the searching inves
tigation at once set on foot. The finding
of the naval hoard of inquiry established
that the origin of the explosion was ex
ternal by a submarine mine, and only [
halted through lack of positive testimony
to fix the responsibility of its authorship, j
All these things carried conviction to
j the most thoughtful, even before the
j finding of the naval court, that a crisis in
! our relations with Spain and toward
Cuba was at hand. So strong was this
belief that it needed hut a brief executive
J suggestion to the congress to receive im- j
[ mediate answer to the duty of making is>- |
J stant provision for the possible and per [
haps speedily probable emergency of war, |
and the remarkable, almost unique, i
spectacle was presented of a unanimous
vote of both houses on March 9 appropri
ating £'.0,990,1)09 "for the national defense
nnd for each and every purpose connected
j therewith, to be expended at the discre
| tion of the president.”
Still animated by the hope of a peaceful
solution and obeying the dictates of duty,
no effort was spared to tiring a speedy
j ending of the Cuban struggle.
Grieved nnd disappointed at the barren !
outcome of my sincere endeavors to reach
a practicable solution, I felt it my duty to
j remit the whole question to congress. |
j The congress was asked to authorize and
empower the president to take measures
to secure a full and final termination of
hostilities between Spain and the people
of Cuba.
After nine days of earnest deliberation, '
during whioh the almost unanimous sen
timent of your body was developed on
every point save as to the expediency of
coupling the proposed action with a for
mal recognition of the republic of Oulia
the true and lawful government of that !
island—a proposition which tailed of adop
tion—the congress, on April 19, by a vote
of 42 to 35 in the senate and 311 to 0 in the
house of representatives, passed the mem
orable joint resolution declaring the peo
ple of Cuba free and independent, de
manding that Spain at once relinquish
authority over the island ami empowering
the president to use the entire land and
sea forces of the l aited States to that
end.
This resolution was approved by the ; .
executive on the next day, April 20. A '
copy was at once communicated to the 1
Spanish minister at this capital, who
forthwith announced that hiscontinuance
in Washington had thereby become im- i
possible, asd asked for bis passports, j i
which were given him. Simultaneously i
with its communication to the Spanish i
minister, Geueral Woodford, the Arneri- I i
can minister at Madrid, was telegraphed
confirmation of the text of the joint reso
lution and directed to communicate it to
the government of Spaiu with the formal 1
demand that it at once relinquish its au- l
thority and government in the island of <
Cuba and withdraw its forces therefrom. 1
Rupture of Rebel lout.
That demand, although, as above ,
shown, officially mad* known to the Spaa- ,
lah envoy here. w«- not delivered at Mad
rid. After the instruction* reached Gen
eral Woodford on the m irntng of April
81, hut before he could present It, the
Spaniel) minister of state umilled him that
upon the president's approval of the joint
resolution, the Madrid government re
garding the act as "equivalent to an evi
dent declaration of war," had ordered its
minister in Washington to withdraw,
thereby breaking off diplomatic relation*
between the two conn trie*. General Wood
ford thereupon dem mded hi* passports
»nd quitted Madrid the same day.
Spain having thus denied the demand
of the I'nited Stnt«* and initiated that
complete form of rupture of relation*
which atteudsn state of war, the execn
tlve power* authorized by the resolution
were at once use 1 by me to meet the en
larged contingency of actual war between
sovereign states. By my message of April
2o the congress was informed of the situa
tion and I recommended formal declara
tion of the existence of a state of war be
tween the l uited States aqd Spain. The
congress accordingly voted on the same
day the act approved April 25, 1898, do
j daring the existence of such war from
and including April 21 and re-enacted the
provision of the resolution of April 20 di
recting the president to use all the armed
forces of the nation to carry that act intq
effect.
It is not within the province of this mes
sage to narrate the history of the extraor
dinary war that followed the Spanish
declaration of April 21. hut a brief recital
of its more salient features is apropos.
The first encounter of tho war in point of
date took placo April 27, when a detach
ment of the blockading squadron made a
reconnoisance in force at Matanzas,
shelled the harbor forts and demolished
several new works in construction.
The next engagement was destined to
mark a memorable epoch in maritime
warfare. The Pacific fleet uuder Commo
dore George Dewey bad lain for some
weeks at Kong-Kong. I'pon the colonial
proclamation of neutrality being issued
and the customary 24 hours notice being
given, it repaired to Mirs bay near Hong
Kong whence it proceeded to the Philip
pine islands under telegraphic orders to
capture or destroy the formidable -Spanish
fleet then assembled at Manila. At day
break on the niorning of May 1 the Amer
ican force entered Manila bay and after a
few hours engagement effected the total
destruction of the Spanish fleet, consist
ing of ten warships and a transport, lie
sides capturing tlie naval station and forts
at Cavite, thus annihilating the Spanish
j naval power in the Pacific ocean and com
pletely controlling the hay of Manila witlj
the ability to take the city at will.
Following the comprehensive scheme of
j general attack powerful forces were as
J aetnbled at various points on oiir coast to
[ invade Cuba and Porto Rico. Meanwhile
j naval demonstrations were adopted at
| several exposed points.
Young Hobson’s Iirave Deed.
The neftt acts of the war thrilled not
only the hearts of our countrymen, but
! the world by its heroism. On the night of
j June 3 Lieutenant Hobson, aided by
seven devoted volunteers, blocked tho nar
row outlet at Santiago harbor, by sinking
the collier Merrimac in the channel nude!
a fierce fire from the shore batteries, e*
■■ caping with their lives as by a miracle,
! but falling into the hands of the Span
| iards. They were subsequently exchanged.
On June 22, the advance of the invading
army under Major General Shatter landed
at Daiquiri, about 15 miles east of Santi
ago. < >11 July 1 a severe battle took place,
our forces gaining the outworks at Sant!
ago. On the second Kl Oaney and San
: Juan were taken after a desperate charge
! and the investment of the city completed.
On the day following the brilliant
achievement of our land force, July 3, oc
curred tlie decisive battle of the war. The
Spanish fleet, attempting to leave the
harbor, was met by the American squad
ron under command of Commodore Samp
son. In less than three hours all the
Spanish ships were destroyed, the two
torpedo boats being sunk and the Maria
Teresa, Almirante Oquendo, Viscaya and
Cristobal Colon driven ashore. The Span
| ish admiral and over 1,300 men were taken
prisoners, while the enemy’s loss of life
was deplorably large, some 600 perishing.
On our side but one man was killed and
j one seriously wounded.
With the catastrophe of Santiago
Spain’s power on the ocean virtually
ceased. The capitulation of Santiago
: followed.
The occupation of Porto Rico became
tlie next stragetic necessity. General
; Milea bad previously been assigned to or
j ganize au expedition for that purpose. On
i July 27 he entered Ponce, one of the most
important ports in the island, for which
he thereafter directed operations for the
capture of the island. The campaign was
prosecuted with great vigor and by Aug.
12 much of the island was in our posses
sion and the acquisition of the remainder
was only a matter of a short time.
.segoiiai ions r or I'eaee.
The annihilation of Admiral Cervera's
fleet, followed by the capit ulation of San
tiago, having brought to the Spanish gov
ernment a realizing sense of the hopeless
ness of continuing a struggle now becom
ing wholly unequal, it made overtures of
peace through the French ambassador,
On Aug. 12, M. Cambon, as the plenipo
tentiary of Spain and the secretary of
state as the plenipotentiary of the United
States, signed a peace protocol and I ap
pointed William K. Day, lately secretary
of state, Cushman K. Davis, William P.
Frye and George 11 ray, senators of the
United States, and Whitelaw Keid to be
the peace commissioners on the part of
the United States. Proceeding in due
time to Paris, they there met on Oct. X
five commissioners similarly appointed on
the part of Spain. The negotiations have
made hopeful progress so that I trust
soon to lie able to lay a definite treaty of
peace before the senate with a view of the
steps leading to its signature.
I do not discuss at this time the govern
ment or tlie future of the new possessions
which will come to us as the result of the
war with Spain. Such discussion will be
appropriate after the treaty of peace shall
be ratilied. In the meantime, aud until
the congress has legislated otherwise, it
will be my duty to continue the military
governments which have existed since our
occupation and give to the people security
in life and property and encouragement
under a just and bcneficient rule.
As scon ns we are in possession of Cuba
and have pacified the island it will be
necessary to give aid and decision to its
people to form a government of them
selves. It should be undertaken at the
earliest moment consistent with safety
aud assured success. It is important that
our relations with these people shall be of
the most friendly character and our com- ;
mercial relations close and reciprocal. It
should be our duty to assist in every
proper way to build up the waste places
of the island, encourage the industry of
the people aud assist them to form a gov
ernment which shall be free and inde
pendent, thus realizing the best aspira- ;
tions of the Cuban people. Spanish rule :
must be replaced by a just, lienevoleut '
and humane government, created by the
people of Cuba, capable of performing all |
international obligations, aud which shall
encourage thrift, industry and prosperity i
and promote peace and good will among ]
all of the inhabitants, wliutever may have 1
been tlieir relations in the past. Neither i
reveug • nor passion should have a place !
in the new government. Until there is
complete tranquility ia the island and a
stable government inaugurated military1
occupation will be continued.
With the exception of the rupture with
Spaiil the intercourse of the United States
with the gr.-at family of nations has been
marked with cordiality and the close of
the event finds most of the issues thut
necessarily arise in the complex relations
of sovereign states adjusted ot presenting
no serious obstacle to a just aud honor
able solution by amicable agreement.
The Lultimer Tragedy.
Ou Sept. 10, 1*67, a conflict took place at j
Lattimer, Pa., between a body of striking !
miners and the slier Iff of Luzerne county
and his deputies, in which 23 miners were
killed aud 44 w ounded, of which ten ot 1
the killed and 13 of the wounded were 1
Austrian aud Hungarian subjects. This '
deplorable event naturally aroused the
solicitude of the Austro-Hungarian gov- |
eminent, which on the presumption that
the killing and wounding involved the un
justifiable misuse of authority, claimed
reparation for the sufferers. Apart from
the searching investigation and peremp
tory action of the authorities of Pennsyl
vania the federal executive took appro
priate steps to learn the merits of the
case la order to lie in a position to meet
the urgent complaint of a friendly power.
The sheriff and his deputies, having been
indicted for murder, were tried and ac
quitted after protracted proceedings and
the hearing of hundreds of witnesses on
the ground that the killing was in the
line of their official duty to uphold law
and preserve public order in the state. A
representative of the department of jus
tice attended the trial and reported its
course fully. With all the facts in its po
session. this government expects to reach
a harmonious understanding on the sub
ject with that of Austro-Hungary, not
withstanding the renewed claim of the
latter after learning the result of the
trial, for indemnity for its Injured sub
jects.
Nicaragua Canal Project.
The Nicnraugna canal commlssslon, un
der the chairmanship of Hear Admiral
John G. Walker, appointed July *4, 1897,
under the authority of a provislou in the
sundry civil net of June 4 of that year,
has nearly completed its labors, and the
results of its exhaustive inquiry into the
proper route, the feasibility and the cost
of construction of an interoceanic caual
by a Nicaraguan route will lie laid liefore
you.
As the scope of recent inquiry embraced
the whole subject with the aim of making
plans and surveys for a canal by the most
convenient route, it necessarily included a
review of the results of previous surveys
and plans and in particular those adopted
by the Maritime Canal company under its
existing concessions from Nicaragua and
Costa Kico, so that to this extent those
graqts necessarily held un essential part
iu the deliberations and conclusions of thf
canal commission as they have held and
must needs hold in the discussion of the
matter liefore congress. Under these cir
cumstances and in view of overtures made
to the governments of Nicaragua and
Costa Kiea by other parties for a new ca
nal concession predicated on the assumed
approaching lapse of the contracts of the
Maritime Canal company with those
states I have not hesitated to express my
conviction that considerations of expedi
ency and international policy as between
the several governments Interested in the
construction and control of an Inter
oceanic canal by this route require the
roaintaiuance of the status quo until the
canal commission shall have reported anq
the United Htates congress shall have had
an opportunity to pass finally upon the
whole matter, without prejudice by red
son of any change In the existing cofldl
tions.
All these circumstances suggest the ur
gency of somo definite action by the con
gress at this session if its labors of the
past are to lie utilized and the linking of
the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by a prac
tical waterway is to be realized. That the
construction of such a maritime highway
is now more than ever indispensable to
that intimate and ready intercommunica
tion between our eastern and western sea
boards demanded by the annexation of
the Hawaiian Islands and the prospective
expansion of our influence and commerce
In the Pacific and that our national policy
now more imperatively thifn ever calls for
Its control by this government, nre propo
sitions which I doubt not the congress
will duly appreciate and wisely act upon.
The Partition of China.
The United States has not been an In
different spectator of the extraordinary
events transpiring in tho Chinese empire,
whereby portions of its maritime pro
vinces are passing under the control of
various European powers, but the pros
pect that the vast commerce which the
energy of our citizens and the necessity of
our staple production for Chinese Uses
has built up in those regions may not be
prejudiced through any exclusive treat
ment by the new occupants has obviated
the need of our country becoming an actor
in the scene.
Our position among nations having a
large Pacific coast, and a constantly ex
panding direct trade with the farther
Orient, gives us the equitable claim to
consideration and friendly treatment In
this regard and it will be my aim to sub
serve our large interests in that quarter
by all means appropriate to the constant
policy of our government. The territories
of Iviao Chow, of Wei-Hai-Wei and of Port
Arthur and Talienwan, leased to Ger
many, Great Britain anil Russia respect
ively for terms of years, will, it is an
nounced, tie open to international com
merce during such alien occupation, and
if no discriminating treatment of Ameri
can citizens and their trade be found to
exist or be hereafter developed, the desire
of this government would appear to be
realized. Meanwhile there may be just
ground for disquietude in view of the un
rest and revival of the old sentiment of
opposition and prejudice to alien people
which pervades certain of the Chinese
provinces. As iu the case of the uttacks
upon our citizens in Szocffuan and at
Kulien iu 1895, the United States minister
has been Instructed to secure the fullest
measure of protection, both local and im
perial, for any menaced American inter
ests and to demand, in case of lawless in
jury to person or property, instant repara
tion appropriate to the case. Warships
have been stationed at Tien-Tsin for more
ready observation of tlie disorders which
have invaded the Chinese capital, so as to
be in a position to act should need arise,
while a guard of mariurs has been sent to
Peking to afford the minister the same
measure of authoritative protection as the
representatives of other nations have been
constrained to employ.
The French Exposition.
Tliero is now every prospect that the
participation of the United States in the
universal exposition to be held in Paris in
1900 will be on a scale commensurate with
the advanced position held by our pro
ducts and industries in the world’s chief
markets. The preliminary report of Moses
P. Handy, who, under the act approved
July 19, 1897. was appointed special com
missioner with a view to securing all at
tainable information necessary to a full
and complete understanding by cougress
iu regard to the participation of this gov
ernment in the Paris exposition, was laid
before yon by my message of Dec. 0, 1897,
and showed the large opportunities to
make known our national progress in
manufactures, as well as the urgent need
of immediate and adequate provision to
enable due advantage thereof to be taken.
Mr. Handy's death soon afterward ren
dered it necessary for another to take up
and complete th» unfinished work, and on
Jail. 11 last Mr. Thomas W. Cridler, third
assistant secretary of state, was desig
nated to fulfill that task. Hy a provision
iu the sundry civil appropriation act of
July 1, 1998 a sum not to exceed $650,000
was allotted for the organization of a com
mission to care for the proper preparation
and installation of American exhibits and
for the display of suitable exhibits by the
several executive departments, particu
larly by the department of agriculture,
the llsh commission and the Smithsonian
institution, in representation of the gov
ernment of the United States. Pursu
ant to that euaetment, I appointed Mr.
Ferdinand W. Pec'* of Chicago commis
sioner general, with nn assistant commis
sioner general and secretary. Mr. Peck
at once proceeded to Paris, where his suc
cess in enlarging the scope and variety of
the United States exhibit has been mosi
gratifying. Notwithstanding the com
paratively limited area of the exposition
site—less than one half that of the World’s
Fair at Chicago—the space assigned to the
United States has been increased from
the absolute allotmcut of 157,403 square
feet reported by Mr. Handy to some 202,
000 square feet, with corresponding aug
mentation o* the lleld for a truly charac
teristic representation of the various im
portant brai ches of our country’s devel
opment. Mr. Peck's report will be laid
before you. In my judgment Us recom
mendations wiM call for your early con- \
sideratlon, especially as regards an in
crease of the appropriation to at least
$1,000,000 In all, so that not only may ths
assigned space be fully taken up by ths ,
best possible exhibits in every class, bat j
the preparation and Installment be on M
perfect a scale as to rank among the first
in that unparalleled competition of artis
tic and Inventive production and thus
counterbalance the disadvantages with
which we start as compared with other
countries whose appropriations are on a
more generous scale and whoae prepara
tions are in a state of much greater for
wartloem than oar own.
Annexation of Hawaii.
Pending consideration by the senate of
the treaty signed Jnne 1#, 1887, by the
plenipotentiaries of the United States aod
of the republic of Hawaii, providing tot
the annexation of the islands, a Joint reso
lution to accomplish the same purpose by
accepting the offered cession and looftpo
ratiug the ceded territory Into the t nlon
was adopted hy the congress and approved
July 7, 1898. I thereupon dlretted the
Ugited States steamer Philadelphia tfl
convey Rear Admiral Miller to Honolulu
and entrusted to his hands this important
legislative act to be delivered to the presi
dent of the republic of Hawaii, with whom
the admiral and the United States minis
ter were authorized to make appropriate
arrangements for transferring the islands
to the United States This was simply
but Impressively accomplished on Au<
13 by the delivery of a certified copy of
the resolution to President Dole, who
thereupon yielded up to the representa
tives of the government of the United
Stales the sovereignty and the pUl bile
property of the Itawaiian Islands.
Pursuant o tbs terms oi me joint reso
lution and in exercise of the authority
thereby conferred upon me. I directed
that the civil, judicial and military pow
ers theretofore exercised by the officers of
the government of the republic of Hawaii
should conti ue to l>c exercised by those
officers until congress shall provide a gov
ernment for the Incorporated territory,
subject to my power to remove such offi
cers and to fill vacancies. The president,
officers and troops of the republic there
upon took the oath of allegiance to the
United States, thus providing for the un
interrupted continuancei of all the admin
istrative and municipal functions of the
annexed territory until congress shall
otherwise enact.
Following the further provision of the
joint resolution I appointed the Hods.
Shelby M. Cullom of Illinois, John T.
Morgan of Alabama, Robert R. Hitt of
Illinois. Sanford B Dole of Hawaii and
Walter F. Frear of Hawaii as commission
ers to confer and recommend to congress
such legislation concerning the Hawaiian
Islands as they should deem necessary ot
proper,
The commissioners having fulfilled His
mission confided to them th(Hr work will
be laid liefore you at an early day. It is
believed that their recommendations will
have the earnest consideration due to the
magnitude of the responsibility resting
upon you to give such shape to the rela
tionship of those midpacific lands to out
home Union as will benefit both in the
highest degree, realizing the aspirations
Of the community that ha* cast Its lot
with us and elected to share our political
heritage while at the same time justify
ing the foresight of those who for three
quarter* of a century have looked to th#
assimilation of Hawaii as a natural and
Inevitable consummation In harmony
with our needs and in fulfillment of our
cherished traditions.
Under the provisions of the joint resolu
tions the existing customs relations of
the Hawaiian Islands with the United
States and wjth other countries remain
unchanged until legislation shall other
wise provide. The consuls of Hawaii,
here and in foreign countries, continue to
fulfill their commercial agencies, while
the United States consulate at Honolulu
is maintained for all proper services per
taining to trade and revenue. It would
be desirable that all foreign consuls lnthe
Hawaiian Islands should receive new ex
equators from this government.
Czar’s Disarmament Plan.
The proposal of the Russian czar for a
general reduction of the vast military es
tablishments that weigh so heavily upon
many peoples in time of peace was re
cently communicated to this government
with an earnest Invitation to be repre
sented In the conference which It is con
templated to assemble with a view to dis
cussing the means of accomplishing so de
sirable a result. His majesty was at once
informed of the cordial sympathy of this
government with the principle involved in
his exalted proposal and of the readiness
of the United States to take part in the
conference.
The active military force of the United
States as measured by our population,
territorial area and taxable wealth, is and
under any conceivable prospective condi
tions must continue to be in time of peace
so conspicuously less than that of the
armed powers to whom the czar’s appeal
is especially addressed that the question
can have for us no practical importance
save as marking an auspicious step to
ward the lietterment of the condition of
the modern peoples and the cultivation of
peace and good will among them, but in
this view it behooves us ns a nation to
lend countenance and aid to the benefi
cent project.
The Currency Question.
The secretary of the treasury reports
that the receipts of the government from
all sources during the fiscal yeur ended
June 30, 1S98, including $84,751,223 re
ceived from sale of Pacific railroads,
amounted to $4057121,335 and its expendi
tures lo $443,368 582. There was collected
from customs $140,575,062 and from in
ternal revenue $170,900,641. Our dutiable
imports amounted to $324,733,479, a de
crease of $58,156,690 over the preceding
year, and importations free of duty
amounted to $291,414,175, a decrease from
the preceding year of $90,524,068.
Internal revenue receipts exceeded those
of the preceding year by $24,212,068.
The total tax collected on distilled
spirits was $92,546,999, on manufactured
tobacco $36 230,522 anil on fermented
liquors $39,515,421. We exported mer
chandise during the year amounting to
$1,231,482,330, an increase of $180,488,774
from the preceding year.
It is estimated upon the basis of present
revenue laws that the receipts from the
government for the year ending June 30,
1891), will he $577,874,6o7 and its expendi
tures $680,874,647, resulting in a deficiency
of $112,000 001. On Dec. 1, 1898, there was
held in the treasury gold coin amounting
to $138,441,547. gold bullion amounting to
$180,592,545, stiver bullion amounting to
$93,359,250 anil other forms of money
amounting to $461,963,981.
On the same date the amount of money
of all kinds in circulation or not included
in treasury lioldiugs was $1,866,879,509, an
increase for the year of $185.794;96a. Esti
mating our population at 75,194,000 at the
time mentioned the per capita circulation
was $25.09.
On the same date there was in the treas
ury gold bullion amounting to $138 502 -
545. ’ ’
The provisions made for strengthening
the resources of the treasury in connec
tion with the war has given increased
confidence in the purpose and the power
of the government to maintain the present
standard both established more firmly
than ever the national credit at home and
abroad. A marked evidence of this is
found in the inflow of gold to the treas
ury. Its net gold holdings on Nov 1
1898, were $239,885,160 as compared with
$153,573,147 on Nov. 1, 1897, and on in
crease of net cash of $2)7,756,160 Nov 1
1897, to $300,238,275 Nov. 1, 1898. The pres!
ent ratio of net treasury gold outstanding
government liabilities including United
States notes, treasury notes of 1896, silver
certificates, standard sliver dollars and
fractional silver coin Nov. 4, 1898, was
25.35 per cent as compared with 16.96 per
cent Nov. 1, 1897.
ttedi-mptlon of Notes.
I renew so much of my recommendation
of December, 1897, as follows.
"That when any of the United States
notes are presented for redemption in gold
and are redeemed in gold such notes shall
he kept and set apart and only paid out in
exchange for gold. This Is an obvious
duty. It the holder of the United States
nots prefers the gold and gets It from the
government, he should not receive back
from the government a United State# note
without paying gold In exchange for It
The reason for this is mads all ths more
apparent when the government Issues an
Interest bearing 8ebt to provide gold foi
the redemption of Totted Beats* notes—<
noninterest bearing debt. Purely It sbonlf
not pay them ont again ezoept op de
mnnd and for gold. If they are pnt I* an]
other way they may return again, ta bi
followed by another bond laaue to red sen
tbem-another Interest bearing debt tore
deem n noninterest bearing debt.”
This recommendation wai made la tlu
belief that each provisions of law would
Insure a greater degree the safety of th<
present standard and better protect oui
Currency from the dangers to whleh it ii
subjected from a disturbance In the gen
eral business condition* of the country.
In my judgment the present condition
of the treaenry amply juetlOes the Imme
diate enactment of the legislation recom
mended one year ago, undar which a por
tion of tlw gold holdings should be placed
in a trust fund, from which greenbaeki
Should be redeemed upon presentation,
but when once redeemed should not there
after be paid out except for gold.
It is not to be Inferred that other leg la
1 a tion relating to our currency is not re
quired; on the contrary, there Is nn ob
vious demand for it.
The Importance of adequate provision
which will insure to our future a money
standard, related as our money standard
now is to that of our commercial rivals, |g
generally recognized. The compantoh
proposition that our domestic paper cur
rency shall be kept safe and yet be so re
lated to the needs of our induatrles and
Internal commerce as to be adequate and
responsive to such needs Is a proposition
scarcely less important. The subject, in
all its parts, is commended to the wise
consideration of the congreas.
For a Big Standing Army.
Under the act of congress approved
April 28, 1898 authorizing the president,
in his discretion, "upon a declaration oJ
war by congress, or a declaration by con
gress that war exists," directed tne in
crease of the regular army to the maxi
mum of 62,090, authorized in said act.
There are now in the regular army 57,
808 officers and men. In said act it wai
provided "that at the end of any war in
which the United States may become in
volved the army shall be reduced to a
peace basis by the transfer of the same
arm of the service or absorption by pro
motion or honorable discharge under snob
regulations ns the secretary of war may
establish of supernumerary commissioned
officers and the honorable discharge or the
transfer of supernumerary enlisted men,
and nothing contained in this act shall be
construed as authoring the permanent in
crease of the commissioned or enlisted
force of the regular army beyond that
now provided by the law in foroe prior to
the passage of this act, except as to the
increase of 25 majors provided for in sec
tion 1 hereof."
The importance of legislation for the
permanent Increase of the army is there
fore manifest and the recommendation of
the secretary of war for that purpose ha|
my unqualified approval. There can be
no question that at this time and probably
for some time In the future 100,000 men
will be none too many to meet the neoeesi
ties of the situation. At all events,
whether that number shall be required
permanently or not, the power should be
given to the president to enlist that foroe
if in bis discretion it should be necessary,
and the further discretion should be given
him to recruit for the army within the
above limit from the inhabitants of the
islands with the government of which we
are charged.
It is my purpose to muster out the en
tire volunteer army as soon as the con
gress shall provide for the increase of the
regular establishment. This will be only
an act of justice nnd will be much appre
ciated by the brave men who left their
homes and employment to help the conn
try in its emergency.
Washington’s Centennial.
In the year 1900 will occur the centen
nial anniversary of the founding of the
city of Washington for the permanent
capital of the government of the United
States by authority of an act of oongresS
approved July 16, 1790. In May 1800 the
archives and general offices of the fed
eral government was removed to this
place. On X'ov. 17, 1800, the national con
gress met here for the first time and ai
sumed exclusive control of the federal dis
trict and city. This interesting event as
sumes all the more significance when we
recall the circumstances attending the
choosing of the site, the naming of the
capital in honor of the father of his coun
try and the interest taken by him iq the
adoption of plans for its future develop
ment on a magnificent scale.
A movement lately inaugurated by the
citizens to have the anniversary cele
brated with f tting ceremonies including
perhaps the establishment of a handsome
permanent memorial to mark so historical
an occasion and to give it more than local
recognition has met with general favor on
the part of the public. 1 recommend to
the congress the granting of an appropria
tion for this purpose and the appointment
of a committee from Its respecelre bodlea.
It might also be advisable to authorial
the president to sppoint a committee from
the country at large, which, acting with
the congressional and District of Colum
bia committees, can complete the plans for
an appropriate national celebration.
Pension Statistics.
There were on-the pension rolls on June
30, 1898, 993,714 names, an increase of
nearly 18,000 over the number of the rolls
for the same day of the preceding year.
The amount appropriated by the act of
Dec. 33, 1896, for the payment of pensions
for the fiscal year 1898 was *140,000,000.
By the act of March 31, 1898, $8,070,872.46
was appropriated to cover deficiencies In
•army pensions and repayments in the
sum of $12,030.35, making a total of $148,
082,893.79 available for the payment of
pensions during the fiscal year 1898. The
amount disbursed from that sum was
$144,651,879.80, leaving a balance of $3,431,
012.99 unexpended on June 30, 1893, which
was covered into the treasury.
There were 389 men added to the rolls
during the year by special acta at the sec
ond session of the Fifty-fifth congress,
making a total of 6,486 pensioners by con
gressional enactments since 1861.
Supreme Courtroom.
I deem it my duty to call to the atten
tion of congress the condition of the pres
ent building occupied by the department
of justice. A proper regard for the safety,
comfort and convenience of the officers
and employes would justify the expendi
ture of a liberal sum of money in the
erection of a new building.
The Twelfth Census.
I earnestly urge upon congress the im
portance of early legielation providing for
the taking of the twelfth census. This Is
necessary in view of the large amount of
work which must be performed In the
preparations of schedules preparatory to
the enumeration of the population.
Admiral und Vice Admiral.
I Join with the secretary of the navy In
recommending that the grades of admiral
and vice admiral be temporarily revived,
to !>e filled by officers who have apeclallr
distinguished themselves in the war with
Spain.
Allen Contract Law.
The alien contract law is shown by ex
perience to need tome amendment; a
measure providing better protection for
seamen is proposed: the rightful applica
tion of the 8-liour law for the benefit of
labor and of the principle of arbitration
are suggested for consideration and I com
mend these subjects to the careful atten
tion of the congress.
The several departmental reports will
be laid before you. They give in groat
detail the conduct of the affairs of the
government during the year past and dia
cu»a many questions upon which the con
gress may be called upon to act.
(Signed.) William Mi Kixlbt.
Executive Mansion, Dec. #, 1898.
^_
Stolen.
From Hartman's back lot in Brook haven, one
DEEP NIKKEI. MAKE
* hothead. Any Informaltou
rewarded. ° “"aST* wlu Ubr"**
A. J. STAMPS.
December 5, ism. Hartman. MU».
• ..In c'ouagm leading *Jitori., 7
I I’rank Bnrkltt, the leadin’ n00*'
list of Mississippi, ggy,,. pl>pQ.
“The truth is il>A
ulist had tired of being tra2 Pop
election by Butler to th! r Vfr»
cans and the other folio,??0**
Democrats, and had iLoi.IStb*
best them by voting for tffiLi0
the reformers of this country‘T
get together and orgauLhoald
thoroughly than ever More®,0*
such rules and regulations^?"
render it impossible for amK. 1,1
lender. >« eim,» tlm %i““b0, “»
organization, or to barter it. .th®
ciples for personal promotion"'
“hor our part, we would be *i a
to see a general reorganizatinT4,
the reform forces, onsnS bft»
the same platform as was 7 8 y
AtOmalin, with »,e i.S,
referendum added, and, ,1m!"
sarv, under a new name.” M
An exchange asks: “Whati.,
dollar anyhow?” The qnestiw J
an easy one to answer, a dollar.
what some men promise to pay foj
their county paper. It j8 Pi?r
thing a newspaper man enjoysnZ
in anticipation than in reality n
is the price of a day’s work for Wm
men and a single night’s drunk £
others. It is what the wife 0!
qneiitly needs, but seldom Z
It is the power that makes or un
makes men. It is the harden
hmg to get and the easi
thing to get rid of, known £
mankind. It is a blessing in 1
small measure and a curse in
many instances. It is mighty and
scarce No man ever had more
than h* T nUted and "° mai> ever
will. A dollar is a snare and a
delusion, and every one of us are
chasing the delusion.
The case of State Revenue Agent
Wirt Adams vs. the County Treas
urers and Ex-County Treasurers of
the State, which was to have been
tried during the present session of
the circuit courlat Canton, has been
dismissed by consent of counsel on
both sides. The attorneys for the
revenue agent and also the counsel
for treasurers were both ready for
the trial, but owing to the extreme
length of the docket it was found
impossible to reach the case before
adjornmerit. It is now thought
that the case will be called at the
session of Judge Powell’s court
which meets in Jackson in January.
—Clarion-Ledger.
Answering a Mississippi inquiry
about rations for dairy cows,
Hoard's Dairyman suggests feeding
four parts brail, four parts of corn
meal, two parts of cottou seed
meal, by weight, six to ten pounds
per day, all well mixed together
and incorporated with equal
amount of cotton seed bulls. In
addition the cow should have all the
roughness in the way ofbay that she
will eat up clean. We suggest
that our patrons give the above ra
tion a trial.
The Dixie Press says that “Mis
sissippi has a health record that
should command the special atten
tion of home-seekers. The follow
ing figures are from the census of
1890: Annual death rate for each
thousand of population, average
for United States, 15.09; Missouri,
10.87; Indiana, 15.77; Kansas, 15.22;
Illinois, 14.00; Colorado, 13.10; Mis
sissippi, 12.89.”
Remember the old saying, “If
you don’t see what you want, ask
for it,” nnddon’t foget that the most
effective wayto ask for it is through
the medium of a good home news
paper.
Four States now enjoy lull woman
suffrage—Colorado, Wyoming, Ida
ho and South Dakota. The last
named State fell into line in the
November elction.
XjricklyN I
(bitters] I
m for KIDNEY DISEASE. 8T0M-■ gj
AOH TROUBLE, INDICES H
TION LIVER DI80RDER ORM «
CONSTIPATE M |
^For Sale by C. E. CRAFTO*- K
Next Year’s I
Campaign I
plou special candidate* and , p H
any one who coutomplute* s * fll
jier. TIIK LKAliKli "Hers for cA'tl «
A Real Bargain in Second ■
Hand Printing MateriaM
The liody ty|>e Is Brevier andJ
er, the same as used Intiu
LKA1>KK. The tyi*e will
or with a complete outfit f0
umn |>a|>er. except press. *
means I uslness Is Invited to 9H
thb uSAOt*pfl
Itrookhave*' * H|
Hr. W B ROHMER, ■
(Utc or Bay St. !-•»»»*-* WB
Office end RooldencOI vT ®
OVKlt (.BABY'S UKSTAlIU ^■gl
v bnookhavcn, ^B
Female Diseases and 0,d_H|
Chronic Diseases a >pf^BB
And treated by latest apprised
Corres|>ondeuee answered, and I**1 flp
hI anywhere on line of railroad "
Petition for P*rdon' J>et*jB|
To Ills Kxeellenev «ioV A -> 'lllj"irUl' JH
Miss.: , . tt* ys'Hi,
Having plead guilty of t |rri# ‘^Hp
ber term of the Lincoln '"j1".5 ,|,li
and a tin.'of *5t«.uu imi-o^;' ;«*»
uever Intended any VlotaOon
crime, same was eommttted '1'"^, ►.'*J^B
ranee of the law. I J*[rdoii of «*li
clemency In a full and ‘^'^irrfni^^t Jg
December 7, IfW.