The Semi-weekly leader., March 17, 1906, SECOND PART, Image 6

About The Semi-weekly leader. (Brookhaven, Miss.) 1905-1941

Image provided by: Mississippi Department of Archives and History

                
In the Pacific there are six varieties
of salmon, five of which are foupd along
the American coasts, and the other one
in Japan. All these fish belong to the
genus oncorhynchus, and are quite dis
tinct from the salmo salar which is
found in the Atlantic ocean. The last
named species has habits very similar
to those of the European salmon, but
the Pacific salmon are supposed never
to feed in fresh water; consequently
they are not to be caught in the rivers
with a rod and line, although a number
of them afford sport when trolling in
the tidal waters at the river mouths.
A more remarkable theory, which is uni
versally acknowledged to be a fact, is
that nearly all these countless millions
of fish, which annually ascend the rivers
to spawn, perish miserably after having
spawned, and never live to return to the
sea. If evidence in support of this the
ory is required, a visit in the fall of the
year to the banks of any lake or stream
where the salmon spawn will convince
the unbeliever. The sight of millions of
dead and dying salmon and the awful
smell arising therefrom, leave little to
the imagination of the sectator.
First in importance, as regards its
size, and value in the market, among the
Pacific salmon may be reckoned the king
salmon (Oncorhynchus tchawytcha),
otherwise known as the spring salmon,
the chinook and quinnat. This magnifi
cent fish averages about 22 pounds, al
though numbers of them are caught
reaching a weight of about 80 pounds.
I have even heard it stated that they oc
casionally reach as much as 100 pounds.
common of its local names being the
sockeye. It Is also called In certain dis
tricts the blue back and the red fish.
These salmon always spawn in the shal
low waters of a lake or in the gravel
shallows at the mouths of tributary
streams which flow into a lake; conse
quently they are never found in a river
which does not flow either through a
lake or rise in one. They run in certain
rivers in such vast numbers that during
the main run of the fish, the water pre
sents a spectacle of a moving mass of
fish as they jostle each other in their
mad rush upwards to certain destruc
tion, never resting by day or night until
they have reached their destination.
There are still some rivers in Alaska
■where the red salmon run, and where
little or no netting has yet been done.
The writer paid a visit recently, during
the big run of fish, to a lake at the head
of one of these rivers which flow into
the Behring sea. Here’s the sight of sal
mon was so bewildering that nothing
short of a visit to a similar place can
convey to the reader a fair idea of what
numbers of salmon pass into a lake dur
ing a few weeks of the run. The red sal
mon does not exceed 12 pounds in
weight, and its average may be taken
as being about seven pounds. The
largest fish reach a length of about 38
inches. The Klamath river, in Cali
fornia. 'is the most southern point at
which there is any considerable run ol
these fish. They extend all along the
coast, and far up into the Behring sea,
being most numerous in the neigh bor
1 hood of Bristols bay. Vast numbers are
THE SALMON FLEET AT VANCOUVER.
and many Americans have informed me i
that they have seen these fish exceed ]
90 pounds on the scales. Personally, I
have never seen one of 80 pounds taken
from the nets; and, moreover, the fol
lowing statement was made to me by
Mr. H. M. Wetherbee, the manager of a
large cannery in Cook’s Inlet, Alaska.
He said that, although he was for 13
years in charge of a cannery on the Co
lumbia river, and had been since then 1
some 12 years in Alaska, he had never I
seen a king salmon which exceeded 80 j
pounds when placed on the scales. And ■
this was the more remarkable, since j
throughout the whole of that time there j
was an offer on his part, which still
holds good, to present the sum of $20 to j
any person who could bring one of these |
fish to him which exceeded 80 pounds
in v/eight. The largest specimen of this j
salmon of which I have been able to ob- i
tain authentic information is a stuffed
fish owned by the late Mr. W. Bell Irv- j
ing. I believe this fish was killed in
the Skeena river, British Columbia, and j
taken to England by its late owner, who
supplied me with the following details: j
Lenth of fish, four feet five inches;
girth, two-feet nine inches; weight, 80% j
pounds. It has, however, been so con
fidently stated on'good authority that
this salmon does occasionally reach 100 ,
pounds that we may suppose that such
is the case.
The king salmon runs principally in ;
> the largest rivers, such as the Columbia, j
the Sacramento and the Yukon, and j
elsewhere. It the southern rivers the j
run begins in May, oui runner norm, in
jertain parts of Alaska, not much be- j
fore the early part of June. They j
ascend the Yukon river as far as a point
just below Lake Bennett, which is adis- j
lance of nearly 2,900 miles from the sea. j
I have been unable to discover accurate j
statistics as to the exact dates in each
year when the salmon are first seen at
Caribou Crossing, below Lake Bennett.
The details would be interesting, to show
die time which these fish take in trav- (
arsing this enormous distance of nearly i
1,000 miles. It might be determined j
with some degree of accuracy, since it is
:ertain that the salmon do not enter
the river until it is clear of the ice floes,
which break up at irregular dates in the
spring. Like all the other salmon on
Ihe northwest coasts of America, this
fish begins to-change color shortly after
,t enters fresh water and commences to
ipawn. Its silvery skin soon changes
to a dull color, and the red fish, which |
:s at first the most delicate of all kinds
for eating, becomes in a short time white
and soft, like that of a kelt in European
waters. The range of the king salmon
along the American coasts extends from
the Ventura Hver in California to Nor
ton sound in Alaska, and probably even
lurther r6rlh, but beyond this district
ittle is at present known of the fish or
its habits.
Next in importance, as regards its
lomme-rcial value, comes the red sal- |
oeon (Om.orhyr.chus nerka). the- most
also caught every year at Karluk can
nery, on Kodiak island, and in many
rivers along the Alaska peninsula.
The flesh of this salmon is firm and dark
red in color. It commands a good price
in tins, and is the form most univer
sally seen and used in various parts of
the world.
Although the commencement of the
run of red salmon varies in dates ac
cording to the localities, the main one
may be said to last from the middle of
June until mid-August. The O. nerka,
shortly after entering a fresh water lake
and commencing to spawn, undergo an
extraordinary metamorphosis in color,
and during the transitory stages assume
a number of different hues. The fish
turn from bright silver to a peculiar deep
red, with the exception of the head and
fins, which become a dull -white or lead
en color. In this stage the fish closely
resemble the appearance of certain
kinds of goldfish in a pond. At a later
stage, when scarred and worn, the fish
present a miserable spectacle as they
struggle feebly about in the shallow
waters of the rivers and lakes, there to
fall an easy prey to the bears and
eagles, which collect from miles around
to feed on them ip the fall of the year.
The silver salmon, or coho (Oncorhyn
chus kisutch), is another species which
is used extensively for canning pur
poses, although, owing to the light pink
color of its flesh, it does not command
such a good price on the market as either
the king or the red salmon. Tne coho,
when packed in tins, is generally labeled
and known to the public as "medium
red.” The average weight of this fish
is about eight pounds, although num
bers of them reach a weight of 30
pounds. They are fo " * ag the
coasts of Alaska, Bri lumbia,
Washington and Oregi can be
caught in seines nt ej)t the
year in the south* of their
haunts. This salm st of all
the various species spawns
in the fall of the y not run
as far up the rive ro first
named varieties, a ?n any
where in fresh wa 1. .when
freshly caught in tl Icularly
good eating, and in if many
(amongst whom is is pref
erable to that of tl since
it is not so hard a of the
latter species.
The last two bin*
I
Beautiful Gowns Are on Display
This morning we loitered in the
ihops, gazed with awe—sometimes
.vith smiling contempt—at the “crea
Jons” just put on display for the
much advertised openings.
Such delicate fabrics, such filmy
laces and such quantities used, such
beautiful white evening coats, such
beautiful hats. As we traversed tne
two short blocks where the windows
tempted, we thought here, for woman
kind, anyway, all the vanities of this
earth were spread out.
There were dressmakers and “home
dressmakers” in the admiring crowd,
and it was interesting to listen to the
talk. As we stood with several oth
ers before a really attractive, as well
ts very expensive gown, we over
heard: “Just little dabs of different
kinds of goods put hers^ and there!”
The creator of the creation doubtless
would have very much disliked her
work of art thus summed up; but the
«peaker*felt radiant that “little dabs”
ELABORATE COSTUME OF THE DAT
could be made use of, economy and
ctyle need not be at war.
But to get the foundation on which
to put the “dabs” of trimming involves
nc\ small outlay, for the stuffs offered
this season ^re of exceptional beauty
tnd costliness. Of course they can oe
cppied in much cheaper materials, and
jften acceptably, too; but the gowns
at the opening displays are never on
the inexpensive order. There are nu
merous real lace gowns, gowns with
real lace in great, deep scallops, or
yards and yards of medium-width real
lace. However, there is another fash
ionable trimming that gives as good
an effect. If not better, and costs but
a fraction as much as the lace; it is
a substantial illusion or net, quite ex
tensively used for long draperies on
the new dresses. We noticed one of
palest gray-blue satin, white net hang
ing in pleats from the shoulder to the
hem of the gown. There was a yoke
of pale gray-blue satin decked with
great rose-tipped flowers of velvet
applique; the whole a misty, soft col
oring. lighted by the rose suffusion.
Right here we may say that pink is
appearing as it has not had a chance
before in years, it is in excellent style.
There arc Whole show-windows of pint
gowns and pink hats, ana very Leau
tit'ul ones. Une hat, the very prettiest
of all the brave array, was a small
pointed turban of unobtrusive gilt
grown and gilt lace brim. It was
trimmed with one mammoth shaded
pink rose, from the side of which up
rose a shaded pink plume. The color
ing was perfect, just a hint of rose
pink against the soft folds of gilt.
Gilt and silver are fashionable; not
too much of either, at your peril. Too
much looks tawdry, circusy, and Is
sure to tarnish. The spangled robes
are seen, but are not in best style,
there is too much cheap glitter about
them. One smart imported gown of
dark violet broadcloth had for trim
ming such touches of gold as appeared
in gilt eyelets and gilt prongs to pass
through the eyelets, for the lacings
now so popular; another had each but
ton set in a gold rim, and a mere edge
of gold braid peeping out from the
edges of tucks; while lace boleros had
the pattern picked out In gold thread,
it was hard to tell whether the foun
dation was white or gold.
There was one fetching robe of pink
silk of softest sheen, made princess,
fashion, the draped bodice continuing
by means of artful gores into a wide
spreading skirt. A white lace princess,
which was very graceful, was admira
bly adapted to a slender figure; but the
old-fashioned, absolutely tight-fitting
princess is no more, the draped bedice
has taken the place of glove-like waist.
XU I ClUiU IU fei dj
spoken of the new season as one of
gold and gray, there being so many
gray gowns, so much gold trimming.
Gray street gowns are in much favor,
and come in both rough and smooth
cloths. There is a good serviceable
chevoit, warranted to wear wellj^then
there are delicate grays for afternoon
wear that will have to be as carefully
looked after as though they were
white. A little yellow is liked on the
pale grays, and just a trifle of gilt.
We noticed how the mere touch of
velvet was the proper thing, not heavy
masses. A white lace gown had about
it no color save that the square neck
was outlined below lace frills with
j mirror of velvet of a delicious pink
shade, and there was the same trim
ming above the -frills of the elbow
sleeves. Another white lace gown had
! a similar trimming of gobelin blue,
i and applique flowers of gobelin blue
i and blush-rose. The accompanying il
j lustration, whieh^ippeared originally
in the Dry Goods Economist, is one of
I the season’s best models of elaborate
I dress.
V/JLlC UiaiUUUg piun. uaL »»ao mauv
with a crown of a satiny silk, the wide
brim of the same material lightened by
white illusion, that smoothly covered
the pink, and about the crown, flat on
the brim, was a wreath of moss rose
buds—the fashionable flower of the
past summer over in England. We
prophesy that the theater audiences of
the winter will, almost to a woman.
I wear the fashionable pink hat. It is
[ very attractive now. and in colder
weather will be doubly so; we had a
half mind to say we didn’t care how
1 common it became. ItjJs a l°r 6 time
i since pink has been common, it strikes
one as quite a novelty.
Now That School Days Are Here
Wherewith shall the small boys and ]
girls be clothed? This question is agi- ,
tating mothers the land over; eveiy
day now the lads and lassies appear in
public—have to put their best foot for
ward.
There are ready-made suits for both
that some little home-sewing can make
strong and neat, and these are coming
more and more n o demand. The
home made clothes wear much better,
however, and th? woman at all sk il
ful with the needle prefers to make
frocks and blouses herself.
Let us first consider boy’s clothes,
contrary to the susual custom. It sure
ly is a question for congratulation on
the part of the child himself that the
more manly sailor suit is regaining its
old popularity; whilst knickers and
Russian blouse continue in favor, the
trousers and blouse emerge from the
background. For the little kindergar
ten boy there is a pretty model in
black and white shepherd's plaid, the
insignia on the sleeve forked in scar
let and the necktie of this same gay
hue. If a boy has reached the stage of
graduation from the kindergarten and
is going to a “real school,” he proudly
UUtlo a cuu, mv). j *•**
from the kind father wears. To be sure
the trousers are short, the coat rather
sack-like, but there are real trousers,
a boy’s coat. /
The tie in favor now is the Windsor,
and we recommend a washable one as
by far the best choice for every day;
the silk will do for Sundays. Very good
wash Windsors are to be had at small
price, and there is a variety of colors
to select from. We had called to our
notice lately a neat sailor suit of dark
blue serge with collar and cuffs of dull
blue linen, these detachable, and there
fore practical to trim with white braid.
A boy likes a cap better than any other
headgear, and by all means let him
have a school cap; it is jaunty and it
stands hard usage.
Now as to the girls’ school clothes.
The very little ones should wear one
piece frocks, as simple as possible,
that they may be tubbed often. The
neat little model here shown is made
on a lining which reaches to a little
below the arm-holes. Over this the
yoke is fitted, the collar, a novel shape
with V back and front, is put on as
finishing touch. The frock may be
made of cotton or wool, but either must
be washable. .
Some children wear heavy cottons all
winter, and this is a very sensible.
neat fashion. A pretty wash dress
made of dull blue linen had a gathered
skirt and peasant waist trimmed in
bands of the material embroidered in
black and white dots. A white canvas
dress had for trimming bands of fancy
linen braid, a linen frock in natural
color had guimpe of coarse Hamburg
and a belt of crash covered with the
embroidery. Last summer’s white
dresses, if grown too short, may be
A PRETTY, SIMPLE FROCK,
utilized for aprons. The Mother Hub
bard with straps over the shoulder is
the approved pattern.
Shepherd plaid dresses will be much
worn again this season, and it is no
wonder they continue in popularity;
they look so fresh, keep clean so long.
When one adds color to the black and
white combination, it is made gay
enough to be suitable for childhood.
Gray furs are seldom becoming to
children, white furs universally so.
*This year we have such lovely snowy
furs, both for grown-ups and the
small fry; and by sending occasionally
to the cleaner a white fur after all is
not too bright and good for frequent
use. Of course, we do not mean one
should purchase ermine for the tots;
there are several white furs much
more appropriate and much more inex
pensive. ELLEN OSMONDE.
\ %
i *
The Dual Nature of the
Austria-Hungary Alliance
Franz Joseph’s Difficult Realm—Conditions as They Are To-Day—
Revolution of 1848 and Settlement of 1867.
“Hungary is the oldest constitutional
government on the European conti
nent. In Austria the constitution is
the gift of the emperor. Hungary has
lor centuries been liberal, Austria con
servative. Hungary has led Europe in
social and religious freedom. Austria
Is coiiteervative—reactionary.”
Thus we have a liberal nation in cer
tain subjection to a very conservative
one, the latter endeavoring to impress
upon the former that which spells to
her people retrogression. The Hun
garians assert that whatever of con
stitutional rights Austrians enjoy to
day have come to them through the ef
forts of Hungary, not from within. It
has long been understood that Franz
Joseph’s personal popularity has been
the slender bond holding the two coun
tries; and all Europe trembles now
that the emperor, older and less diplo
matic, is forgetting tact and toleration
In his dealings with the kingdom
whose crown he wears; “the vast ma
jority of the Hungarian people have
joined the independent party. A real
concession must be made by the em
peror, or he will be compelled to gov
ern the kingdom by military force.
The situation speedily wenld result in
armed resistance and then nothing
could avert the cataclysm which Eu
rope has been dreading as the greatest
of calamities during the last 30 years.”
Hungarians and Austrians are an es
sentially different people, with oppos
ing ideals. The Hungarians have a
passionate love for freedom, and when
Austria sent over to their country
German officials to take the place of
the Magyars (Hungarians), a wild pro
test was aroused. The German offi
dealt with formally; and we have the
interesting spectacle of Emperor Jo
seph seeking audience with Francis
Kossuth, son of his great enemy, Louis
Kossuth, the man who suggested he
himself be made king, the man that
died in exile in Italy, refusing the am
nesty offered after the close of the
revolution of 1848. His bop, Francis
is leader of the independent party of
Hungary, and has been named a possi
ble ruler in case of disruption of the
union with Austria. The father, you
remember, when he offered to put on
the crown of St. Stephen, deemed the
Hapsburgs had forfeited all right to
the sacred emblem of kingship. A
king’s responsibilities he was not called
upon to assume, but it is not so far out
of reason to look upon his son as at
least possible president should “Hun
gary for the Hungarians” reach the
extreme of a republic.
To glance briefly at the revolution
in which Louis Kossuth played such a
prominent part, we may call attention
to the fact that in 1848 there was a
demand for constitutional rights
abroad in Europe. The Magyars were
most insistent for the restoration of a
strictly constitutional government.
Franz Joseph tried minor concessions,
but refused the great one. The Hun
garians. led by Louis Kossuth, 'began
an armed revolt, and in battle after
battle were successful against the dis
ciplined Austrian troops. Austria in
voked the aid of Russia, the revolt
was controlled. (This calling in of
Russia, and the execution of 13 Hun
garian nobleman and statesmen who
took part in the revolt, have never
been forgiven by the Hungarians.
ROYAL CASTLE, BUDAPEST.
cials were recalled, but the attempt
Influence the country at large; more
intense patriotism was inspired; Hun
gary urged with unabating zeal its full
rights upon Franz Joseph. The climax
was reached when the demand was
made that the Hungarian soldiers re
ceive commands in their own language
in their own country, and that within
Hungarian boundaries the flags and
emblems of Hungary be used. Austria,
with artful diplomacy, made conces
sion after concession, but on two
points would not yield—the flag and
the language.
It was in 1687 that Hungary, much
harassed and weakened by savage Ot
toman raids, entered into alliance with
Austria. In the course of time it be
came the popular belief the one was a
subject nation, but it is incorrect to
look upon Hungary as a “turbulent
province” of the Austrian empire.
Count Apponyi, in an address delivered
at the arts and science congress held
at St Louis, says: “The truth is the
very opposite of this; the primal fact
is an independent kingdom of Hun
gary, which has allied itself for certain
purposes and under certain conditions
to the equally independent empire of
Austria, by an act of sovereign free
vjpill, without ever having abdicated the
smallest particle of its sovereignty as
an independent nation, though it has
consented to exercise a small part of
its governmental functions through
executive,organs common with Aus
tria.” Hungary has its own parliament
and has no representative in the Aus
trian parliament. Territorially Hun
gary is larger than the Austrian em
pire, mougn ner population is some
what smaller, about 19,000,000, as com
pared with about 26,000,000. The two
usually appear jointly in interna
tional affairs, but Hungary has ever
held herself an Independent nation.
Count Apponyi, chamberlain to the
king, and not classed with the radical
Independents, a year ago bore witness
that “Hungary’s strong insistence cn
her national independence does not,
in the least, imply a will or a wish to
break away from Austria. We mean to
be true to the reigning dynasty—no
nation within its dominion’s absolutely
more reliable in that respect; we mean
loyally to fullfil our compact of mutual
defense with Austria; in a word, what
©ur /orefathers agreed to, as being
obligations fully accepted by Hungary.
All we want is that equal faith should
be kept with us.”
Internal squabbling has marked dis
cussions Of Austrian questions in Hun
gary. For the past eight years there
have been many turbulent scenes in
the legislative body, and ministry after
ministry has been forced to lesign.
The papers chronicle the throwing of
Inkstands, the smashing of chairs by
supposedly dignified members of a sup
posedly dignified assemblage. Trick
and force have both been tried to keep
down discontent and revolt, but the
independents have 'feained in strength
to such an extent they have had to be
October 5 is generally observed by
them as a day of mourning.)
Though the armed resistance was
put down, the Hungarians were not
conquered; were able to prevent the
coronation of Franz Joseph as king of
Hungary, they would not adopt laws
dictated by him. This state of affairs
continued until 1867, when a settle
ment was brought about by the great
Hungarian statesman, Francis Deak.
A summary of this statement Is
given in a very interesting article in
tlie Chicago Record-Herald: “Austria
and Hungary are bound into a dual
monarchy by the famous ausgleich, or
compromise, of 1867. Austria and Hun
gary are granted the right of control
over their respective governmental
functions. It provides for those
branches of administratioh which con
trol affairs common to both countries.
Legislation pertaining to foreign and
military affairs, such as assenting to
treaties, providing conditions of mili
tary service, etc., is reserved to the in
dependent action of both legislatures;
but practically these bodies are ex
pected to agree. There are three com
mon departments of ministry—foreign
affairs, finance and war. The expenses
of these departments are borne jointly
by both countries and both countries
have equal control over them. The
compromise, as a whole, was to be
agreed upon for ten years at a time,
but possibility of change during these
intervals was arranged for. It was
agreed that the monarch was to be
called enmeror of Austria »nrt tino- nt
Hungary, and the monarchy was to be
called the Austro-Hungarian empire."
In the conference alluded to some time
back wherein Francis Kossuth figured
with Franz Joseph, no agreement was
arrived at. Another conference was
called later, and the coalition leaders
journeyed to Vienna. How were they
received? Franz Joseph spoke to the
Hungarians in German, contrary to his
usual courteous custom, and accounted
an intentional grievous insult; he did
not offer to shake hands, another af
front to the Hungarians.
Probably we shall ere long begin to
realize that poor old Franz Joseph is '
really two persons; sometimes the king
of Hungary, again emperor of Austria.
Pulled this way, pulled that, the two
persons in one may shortly come to
grief. Rumor says the recent defiant
attitude shown the Hungarians in con
ference, is but prelude to Franz Joseph
giving up the reins of government;
that he will abdicate and let the young,
er man, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, /
assume the heavy double responsibili’
ties.
KATHERINE POPE.
Summer Tales.
Bacon—Any fishing up in the coun
try where you were this summer?
Egbert—Well, I should say so! Why,
I never saw such big fish in my life!
“No; I guess you didn’t.”—Yonkers
Statesman.
Mb
• .. si*'- *