Montana farmer-stockman. [volume], May 15, 1950, Page 18, Image 18

About Montana farmer-stockman. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1947-1993

Image provided by: Montana Historical Society; Helena, MT

                
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LEWISTOWN
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BILLINGS
S. & S. Ranch Supply, Inc.
HARDIN
Warren & Sons
TOWNSEND
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CONRAD
Conrad Implement Company
DUTTON
T. J. Cheetham & Sons
HAVRE
Farm Equipment Company
SHELBY
K. & T. Implement Company
MALTA
Riverside Equipment Company
POPLAR
Bills Auto & Implement Company
FAIRVIEW
Collins Mercantile Company
GLENDIVE
Milne Implement Company
MILES CITY Miles & Ulmer
Distributor WUNDERWALD & HAAS Implement Co., Great Falls
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Special Rules For
Whitetop Control
By R. L. WARDEN
Extension Weed Control
Specialist
WHITETOP CAN BE controlled
very satisfactorily with 2,4-D if the
rules of the game are followed.
We now have about four or five
years of research experience to show
us what to do to obtain the best pos
sible degree of control. As in the
case of other perennial weeds we
do not expect to get complete con
trol with one treatment since peren
nial weed eradication does not end
with killing the plants. There are
always some seed left in the ground
which can start the infestation all
over again if they are not stopped.
The rules of the game where 2,4-D
is being used to control whitetop are
simple but they are somewhat dif
ferent from those for some other
perennial weeds.
Treat Before Bloom
The first rule is treat whitetop
before it has reached full bloom
stage. After whitetop has reached
full bloom it becomes much more
resistant to 2,4-D and often seed
production is not even stopped.
Rule number two is don't skimp
Coddling Moth Control
rr*
Set Traps Note to Check Infestation
By J. P. CORKINS, Assistant State Entomologist
Distribution—The coddling moth is
found in most home orchards and in
some Montana commercial orchards.
Many Montana commercial orchards
do not have the coddling moth prob
lem, but bait traps should be set out
to determine the existence of cod
Type of injury—The larvae (worms)
of the coddling moth tunnel into the
fruit and are usually found around
the core. This insect is not the only
cause of wormy fruit in Montana,
but it is believed to be the most
dling moths so that a spraying pro
gram may be conducted if necessary.
frequent cause.
Life hislory—The winter is spent
as a pre-pupa in a silken cocoon
under bark, scales and in trash
around the trees. In the spring, these
pre-pup; e change to grayish-brown
adult moths which are three-eighths
to five-eighths of one inch long. The
adult moths usually appear in late
May or early June, laying eggs on the
foliage and fruit.
The eggs hatch into larvae (small
worms) in 7 to 14 days and soon en
ter the apple. Usually by mid-July
the larvae (worms) have finished
feeding inside Df the apple and drop
on the ground or crawl under bark
scales. Some of the larvae form a
pre-pupa and are ready to hibernate
for the rest of the season.
Others of the larvae form true
pupae which develop into second-,
brood moths. The second brood adult
moths then lay eggs which hatch
into second-brood larvae. These sec
ond-brood larvae are the cause of
late summer damage and can usually
be prevented by control of the first
brood.
Timing —First brood: The date of
appearance of adult moths in the
spring varies greatly from year to
year. In one Montana area the first
moths were found on May 29, 1949,
and June 14, 1948. This clearly indi
cates the absolute necessity of deter
on rates of 2,4-D. Research results
have generally shown that rates of
2 to 4 pounds of 2,4-D as an ester
will give the best results. For a
3.34 isopropyl ester the two pound
rate would require about 5 pints or
2% quarts per acre. The four-pound
rate would require about 10 pints
per acre.
The rates which give the best kill
as you know are too high for selec
tive spraying in cereal crop. How
ever, they can be used in conjunc- *
tion with an established perennial
grass such as crested wheat or
smooth brome with a good chance
of increasing kill. Lighter rates will
kill young plants in cereal crops but
root kills will not be large.
Fall Treatment Feasible
In addition it is feasible to treat
whitetop in the fall if new growth
is showing, since certain results
indicate that better control may be
obtained by fall treatments.
Whitetop is one of the earliest of
the perennial noxious weeds to
bloom and in some parts of the es
tate may be almost to the bloom .
stage by May 15, so for best results
get the 2,4-D on early.
If you do not know whitetop and
think that you have some, take a
plant to your county agent or send
it to R. L. Warden at Montana State
college for identification.
mining the time of moth flights to
insure effective application of spray.
Bait traps constructed from a one
pound coffée can are ideal for this
high in the apple tree and arranged
purpose. These traps should be hung
on a pulley and rope so that they can
be lowered to the ground for inspec
tion and refilling. The coffee cans
should be filled one-half to three
quarters full of a mixture of one part
of molasses to eight parts of water,
plus a small amount of yeast. This
mixture should be replaced when the
molasses becomes sour or at about
one-week intervals.
The traps should be placed in the
orchard in about the middle of May,
and if possible, placed in trees known
to have been wormy. Three to five
traps are sufficient in most commer
cial orchards and one trap is ade
quate in small home orchards. These
traps should be inspected at least
every three days, and the date of
the first occurrence of coddling moths
should be noted. Many other insects
will probably be found in the trap,
consequently it is important to be
certain of the identity of the cod
dling moth.
Time of Spraying
The first spray should be applied
14 days after the first coddling moths
are found in the trap. Seven days
after the first spray is applied, the
apples should be examined for worm
entry. If excessive worm entry is
found, the first spray was not ef
fective, and a second spray should
be applied immediately.
Second brood—These traps should
again be examined beginning about
August first in the same manner as
with the first brood. The eye
spotted bud moth may be present at
this time and care should be taken
not to mistake this insect for the cod
dling moth. If coddling moths are
found, spray should be immediately
applied (see third spray mixture).