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Dr. A, H. Mitchell Served State Well as Pioneer T tifcKE were many among Mon tana's pioneers who never killed an Indian, who never partici pated in the han gin g of an out law. who never whacked bolls, yet who served the state and its people well and had a large part in the de velopment of the commonwealth from a wilderness into a rich mining, stock growing and agricultural territory. One such was Dr. Armistcad Hughes Mitchell, who, with Dr, Charles F. Mussigbrod, established the state hospital for the insane at Warm prings in 1877. Prior to that time Dr. Mitchell, while engaged in the practice of medicine, took the contract for building the ter ritorial penitentiary at Deer Lodge. It: was erected during the years from 1869 i to 1871. After it was finished he served for several years as physician and sur- j geon for the institution in connection ! with his general practice of medicine at Deer Lodge. Dr. Mitchell was a grad- | uate physician when he first came into ! the west, and during the years that he ! spent in California, and In mining 1 communities as far north as British , Columbia, he never failed to answer a | call for his services. No night dark, no trail too long for him verse in ministering to the sick or the j injured. That was his part in the sub jugation of the wilderness, and he did ; it well. . i During the campaign against the Nez Perce Indians he was surgeon general of the territory and took per sonal charge of the wounded after the battle of the Big Hole. Dr. Mitchell was possessed of an ad venturous spirit. Before his arrival la i Montana in 1865 he had practiced med iHne and engaged in mining in Mexico, in California and in the Fraser river country of Canada. During the more. te s was too : to tra- i if «îf ?i mp s !nra?ed ?n mtalw was at all times engagea m mining development on a large scale, having ---- yiAfi m nrifiT/ fkf A VTO HI IK I Khi K PI l\ l\\ 1 V/lil 1 Lvll I UmikJ „„„ . IlIvTlL' DLD A IPv VY 111 j LR RRi r\iiuJ IT nil Elat - QUARRY STONE, TOE GRAVEL AND Q «mnm BOULDER SHIPMENTS ENDED FOR THIS SEASON iges Also sunt Down; win Workmen to Get at Pipe d Take Them Apart for Be i. rI J1 to Be Beady to Spring. - Vow thoi rail shinmmts to Fort ÏÏÏÏftM mvrf rlachU^ Iwuldere ha^e^b^en *£"*,*" »«-b Z. heen^started * on relocation^* the tracks Mongtto? down the dam We new «jîirnnientinvolves 14 036* lineal ?eet ^d wlUellm or track mueaftma wui cum irto th^level of Svm- hridve The 8 inate the existini its upgrade lead! the old Missouri wood trestle and the steel girders and trasses of the bridge will be taken down. All materials will be salvaged and the Job will provide many men during winter. Ties, switches and rails be used on the new grade while timber from tbe trestle structure will find ready demand at many places about the project. Taking off from a point near the Fort Peck depot behind the laundry, the new grade will pass east of the machine shop and cross the river valley the work for win at a level 29 feet lower than nuage. The track will be laid on a shelf made half way up the gravel toe and will connect with the existing track over the tunnel outlet portals. A stiff climb for toe heavy trains of stone! will be eliminated since the new align ment will be practically on a level. With two dredges shut down for the winter there is a chance for the work men to get at the pipelines and take them apart for repairs. Long stretches of pipe have already been unbolted and rolled to the ground for Inspection. Much of the pipe Is considerably worn and will provide plenty of work for the welding crews this winter. They will have to apply metal "half soles" to toe pipes to make them ready for next year's dredging. Toolhouse No. 5, together with its work barges and floats has been moved from exposed position on the river bank near the old boatyard to the dredge slip west of the depot. There they are spread out at this new loca tion, which is near a paved road and more accessible to all hands employed the dredges and attendant plant. The other two dredges are still work ing They have been hooked up to dis charge at either the upstream or downstream berm. on If it's TEXACO THEN YOU KNOW IT'S A RELIABLE PRODUCT OF HIGH GRADE UNIFORM QUALITY d TEXACO"PETROLEUM PRODUCTS A Pale Oil* Black Oils Red Oils Floor OH* Waxes Asphalts Road Oils Asphalt Cement Pipe Coating Roofing Roofing Paper Roofing Cement Crack-proof Motor Oils Engine Oils Signal Oils Dynamo Oils Machine Oils Cylinder Oils Cylinder Stocks Car Oils Greases Cup Greases Gear Greases Gear Lubricants Axle Grease Wire Rope Lubricants leader IN EVERY FIELD Fire-Chief Gasoline Kerosene Fuel Oils Bunker Oils Diesel Oils Miners' Oils Gas Oils Distillates SrJv^le Oil* INTERNATIONAL REFINING COMPANY SUNBURST, MONTANA Producers of Gasoline from Montana Crude Exclusively THE THAI tMTUT-mCEt II Ml PRINCIPAL CITIES ■OH t Warm Springs in 1877. j_ ; _. j times properties which gave him j exce u en t returns. j I ; I Montana pioneer who established the . . , .. state hospital for the insane at I ■A . rag ip; 1. ». I DR. A. H. MITCHELL Dr Mitchell was bom in Jefferson Qun oct. 27. 1831. His father, j5 aun t on Mitchell, settled in that state in 1802 and became a farmer on a large scale, at various times own ing large plantations in other parts of the south. The elder Mitchell sent his son to the University of Virginia to prepare for a college course, and later he embarked upon a university course there Dnrinff his lunlor vear he ran away from college and enlisted in the United «Stoa umv for service In the Mexican States anny for service m me Mexican ^ m^aS^d to elt diaohajge fmm th«f ïïïïf ritWn a few morihs nH C hfm^ssnf home He then took and had hta «a*"™?«; j e Uer^n JS,"* 1C firfaJlv gradual inaf^m the^ediMl school of the New ,.nl?emitv to l852 York City university to^1852. Dr. Mitchells father was at that tunej operating a sugar plantation on toe Brazos river, near Galveston Tex The f on u a , t , t /^E, t f Q d ^ d J? ta in California, decided to go there to engage in the practice of h^P^otes&lon went by way of Texas to visit with his f a J; her : Leaving V 16 » 6 » W€S , t ' he detoured into Mexico, where lingered for a year, anivtog in San Francisco in the faU of 1853. There he hung out his shingle as a medical practitioner. He did not con fine himself, however, to the practice of his profession. Prom the very first he engaged in mining and took an active part in politics. In 1857 he was I elected a member of the California | state legislature. In addition to his ; mining interests, he also went into I partnership with a man named Jasper Harold in the operation of a large cattle j ranch. They bought stock from the j overland travelers from the east and | from other cattle growing regions of I the state farther south, and sold them, into the retail markets of the mining amps, and to men .ho were starting mailer herds. At the time of the gold stampede to the Fraser river country of British Columbia he disposed of his livestock and mining interests in California, and went north. The outlook there, how ever, was not satisfactory and he re mained only a short time before re turning to California. From there he went on to Aurora. Nev., and opened an office for the practice of his pro fesslon. He also engaged in speculative mining activity with much success. He was one of the original discoverers of a rich mine at Esmeralda, Nev., where he operated until 1863, amassing a con- | siderable fortune. ; Prom there he went Austin, Nev., and irom there to Idaho City, Ida. He foSid nothing that Interested him, however, and went to Oregonand from there into the Kootenai country of British Columbia.. He obtained a mining claim on a creek not far from Galbraith's ferry, some miles north of where Bonners Perry, Ida., is now located. The Placera there were phenomenally rich and Dr. Mitchell's proved to be one of the rich est of them. In three months time he took out $20,000. Fortified with this stake. Dr. Mitchell went to San Fran Net Indebtedness of MontanajFARMERS Counties Has Been More Than in Half Since Depression the depression began. In 1930 county indebtedness exceeded 11 million dollar Many persons believe that while the national debt of the United States has been steadily climbing until it now exceeds 36 billion dollars, state and local governments are piling up pro portional debts. On the contrary, toe net indebtedness of local governments for the country as a whole has actually declined during the five years, 1932-1937, says Dr. B. R. Renne, head of the department of eco nomics and sociology at Montana State college. He points out that not only has the average net indebtedness of all county, city, township and school district gov ernments decreased during the depres slon, but there has been only a small (about 14 percent) Increase in state indebtedness. In other words, he explains, much of the responsibility for furnishing public services has been shifted to the federal government, while county and other local governmental units have paid off a considerable portion of their todebt edness and are to better financial con dition than before the depression. This is particularly true of Montana where county, city and school district gove mments are as a whole to the best financial condition in years. The net indebtedness of Montana counties has been more than cut in half since Montana cities and towns have also lightened the'" debt loads. The net to debtedness of the state's larger cities (those exceeding 2,500 pppulaüon) dropped from more than 15 millioni dollars in 1932 to less than five million in 1936. , ^ j The net bonded indebtedness of Montana school districts has declined from about 13 million dollars in 1922 until today it is about half that amount. School expenditures have de clined from a predepression average of frQm n to 14 mllllon do iiars annually to around nine to 10 millions. Dr. Renne's studies show that these decreases in county, city and school district Indebtedness have not been ac compllshed by Increases in taxes. The total taxes levied for Montana county purposes declined from more than lOi million dollars in 1930 to eight and one hn1f m uu on f n 193g; those for schools. f nea rly 12 millions to nine millions, and th^for cities and towns from four and one-half millions to three and nr , P . h aif millions. Several other factors enter into debt reductlons made by local govern mental units. Among these are more stringent budget regulations and other restr f ct i ons pertaining to local Indebt edness that have been set up by the state legislature; county and other local officials have made an earnest P ff 0 rt to economize in expenditures, ---- '. =■ cisco to spend the winter. In May, 1865, he returned to his claim. While on a prospecting expedition in the mountains he met a Jesuit priest accompanying a party of India n s and was told by the reverend father that there were rich gold placer mines in the Blackfoot country east of the; mountains in Montana. As the party was headed east, he decided to aç company thorn across the range .He ngod JnUcLMnJ, Iter L^e county, « iboo mæ ma not Helena 'where he em^ecUn the "Ciena, wnere ne engagea in me, practice of medicine better He jemataed to Helena tne better Seated 868 he SL^SSgSPtJSSL ÂSîateto a seat n?er Se i the ^trtct compo^d of Deer ^odge Sl-Äü» territorilî leristoe 0 : elected to toe t^^ai iepsiaiure 10 Suèrent times, wrvmg as presiaeni, 01 the council to 1871, 1OT5 and 1877 in t869 he was api»toted by me presiaem cf ^UtotedStates toœnstruct the SJftos mOu and furaon He^ resigned P-JL ♦ w txjst but continued R w TffiiSÄof" during the remainder of his life, In Q r Mitchell and Dr. Mussig brod were awarded the contract for the C are of the insane of the territory, at that time few to number. Seeking a location, they decided that Warm springs was ideally situated for their purpose and they obtained ground there and erected several small build w s . There the Institution, now be longing to the state and considered one Q f toe most modem and up to date In the country, is still located, possessing facilities and equlpr doubt would amaze its could but stroll through it and compare it with the simple plant with which they begun operations. They retained the contract for the j care of the mentally afflicted for many I years until the asylum was taken over î by the state. By that time it had de i veloped into a commodious institution I with every facility available for the i treatment of mental disorders and with a capable staff of specialists to attend ance, and with several hundred pa tients. Dr. Mitchell was one of Montana's three commissioners to the world's Columbian exposition at Chicago to 1893. His interest to In 1885 he was rltorial democratic central committee and at the national convention, to which he was a delegate, he was one of the committee named to notify Grover Cleveland of his nomination as party's candidate for president of „ United States. Needless to say. Dr. Mitchell was exceedingly active to his support of Cleveland, who was elected. In 1892 Dr. Mitchell went over to the People's party and was nominated on toe People's party ticket for state sen ator from Deer Lodge party's county chairman in 1894 and 1896, a delegate to the state con ventions to 1894, 1896 and 1898 and an alternate to the national convention in St. Louis in 1896. _ In toe summer of 1896 Dr. Mitchell suffered an attack of mastoiditis. Al though he sought the services of skilled specialists, they were unable to arrest the progress of the disease and It caused his death at his residence at In October, 1898. He , was buried at Deer Lodge, where his 1 funeral was the largest that had ever i been held in that city to that time. In November, 1871, Dr. Mitchell was married to Miss Mary Ellen Irvine of Kentuckv. The wedding occurred In Deer Lodge and was a notable society event, the festivities accompanying which were participated In by scores of the doctor's friends from an over Mon tana. The Mitchell** had several children. ment which no founders if they politics never waned, chairman of the ter the the county. He was the Warm -*■ > I i i I m I I £ i 1 I I ! I ; :x m I . m ■ 1 I I I anc i savings have been forced through severe tax delinquency. (Delinquent taxes and penalties col lected by Montana counties the three years 1934-1936 Inclusive totaled $5, j 785,000. nearly half of which was col 1 lected in 1936.) | services from local governmental units Further evidence of our shifting of to the federal government may be seen ; from the total expenditures made by the government as direct payments to I the states in recent years, Dr. Renne said. These expenditures include PWA, i FERA and WPA grants, social security payments, grants for highways. United states employment service payments, national guard expenditures, and the other more regular grants made to the states in ordinary years. These grants to all states totaled less : than 135 millio n dollars in 1930, while ; in 1936 they comprised more than two billions or about 16 times as much. Dr. Renne points out that this great the'shift of responsibility to the federal government Is merely one phase of the i whole modem movement from small, local, direct face-to-face primary group relationships which characterized more ; primitive times mechanized society car 1 &ed into the field of public taxation ! The fact that our local governmental ! units are in better financial condition than before the depression will be very comforting to many persons, Dr. Renne g but others will argue that a debt , a ' debt and it matters little which KOverrunen tal agency owes it. The fact rem£dns ^jiis latter group will contend, that our ^tai public indebtedness, due tbe huge annual federal deficits ginf ^ . 1930 ^as increased some 18 to 20 billions and we must all eventually help pay this through taxation. However Dr Renne asks, is it not that citizens of local units in "gg ÄÄSL ÄteSoS - DR B. R. BENNE t}ons have ^ poor in recent years will be in a better position to pay federal t axes (principally on income and consumption) * in the future, than " ^ ^ gh ^terest charges char aSteristic of local Indebtedness and the inflexible property taxes which are the main source of local revenue? At any rate, Dr. Renne continues, let ^ £ spade a spade and recognize that a large part ofour present public deb( . represents merely a shifting ^ bur ^ en to Uncle S am. rather than increase to indebtedness of governmental agencies whether fed era f u state or lo 5S. Such recognition, ** believes, is a beginning step to clear ^ up much of the present confusion which exists on texatlon, government debt, inflation and.related matters, o' SMELTER BLAZE SEEN INCENDIARY EABLY-DAY FIRE IN ANACONDA CUT OFF P RODU CTION IN BUTTE Guards Were Employed to Watch Mine Am There Was Suspicion That the Anaconda Fire Was the Work of a Foreign Copper Syndicate. In 1889 the lower works of the Anaconda company, in Anaconda, was destroyed by fire. It was "lo cated a mile below the city on the north side of Warm Springs creek. About half the plant was de- 1 strayed." The company maintained its own fire department and carried its own fire Insurance. Following is a summary taken from the fUes at the Butte daily press: "The loss of the Anaconda company— by the fire at the lower works—and its probable effect on Butte and the copper syndicate generally, formed the pre vailing topic of conversation in the city today. It is learned from parties who came up from the Smelter city this morning that the belief is firmly fixed that the fire was of Incendiary origin. The fire broke out in the middle of the roof of the smelter ore house. There was no fire there and never had been. Not even a stove was kept there, so a fire by accident was utterly im possible. "The fire started between six and seven o'clock in the morning at the time the men were changing shifts, a time when an incendiary might op erate with the least chances of dis covery. No one to Anaconda regards the fire as an accident. They all feel that it Is the result of a malicious plan. While the officials make no statement It is certain that a vigorous investiga tion will follow. "The loss wlU be much greater than was indicated to yesterday s estimates. The building was 32 by 600 feet. It re quired fore than a year's labor by 200 mechanics to construct it. It contained. 40 mammoth Brueckner furnaces and 32 matting furnaces. Expert examin ation of the ruins this morning brought forth the statement that, allowing 50 percent recovery on the machinery, It will require about three-quarters of a million dollars to repair the damage— with a possibility that the loss may total a million dollars. Loss of pro PREDICT GOOD 1938 YIELDS CROP IN NORTHEASTERN PART OF STATE WILL BE FIRST IN SEVEN TEARS Farmen in That Section Say There Is More Moisture in the Ground This Year Than Has Been Seen In Yean, and Has Seeped Into Earth Five Feet. Members of the Montana rail service commission road recently that farmers a cron for the first in the north predicting in seven yean eastern part of the state and they believed the 1938 crop would re ileve a threatened curtailment of railroad service in that region. Walter J. Nllan, chief clerk and as were time sistant counsel of the Immission, said that farmers to toe northeastern areas said there was more moisture in the ground this year than they had seen in years and that It seeped into the earth to depths of from three to five 1 Th*»v nrprfirfcprf a cron Milan Raid With the cmn would renewed I wiui tne crop wouia come renewea business for the railroad, he explained. The Soo railroad, evidently anticl- i paring improvement, has withdrawn a i petition to toe board to curtail an j substitute a I feet. agency at Comerton and CU ftÄ to substitute custo dian service for an agency at McElroy I and Dooley also was qualified with the j man had plans, it is tlon of a copper refinery. "On Mr. Daly's arrival to Butte he gave orders to close For the present. This out of employment temporarily but it is hoped that it will not be for long. The suspension is necessary because the ore houses of the company are filled to overflowing. The destruction of the plant makes necessary a reduc tion of the quantity of ore hoisted. "Mr. Daly says It wlU be possible to speed up the upper works to a con siderable extent, so much so that the output will not be greatly reduced. The lower concentrator will be partially op crated and the concentrates used at the upper works to crowd the furnaces. As for the plans for rebuilding, Mr. Daly declined to make a statement. The plans await the decision of J. B. Haggln. The fire will not affect the financial standing of the Anaconda, "Guards will be employed to watch the Anaconda mine to protect it from possible damage at the hands of mls créants. (Note—There was a strong suspicion that the Anaconda fire was the work of a foreign copper syndicate 'which sought to reduce production in order to maintain prices,' It was as serted.)—March 15, 1889.'* conffl suggestion that change made 1 on a temporary basis until July 1 with j duction must also be estimated and with the present selling price of copper this win also be a considerable amount. I "The smelter Just destroyed was the ground work of what was to be made : the greatest copper smelter to the ! world. It embodied many new smelting l ideas that have been put Into oper- j atlon by Otto Stahlman (the superin tendent). The plant had been to op eration just long enough to prove that it was a complete success. Mr. Stähl te study e construe gone to Europe believed, for tof syndicate mines throws 600 men ■ >*■ We Like to Get to the BOTTOM OF THINGS S EVENTY YEARS AGO, the founders of what is now the Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, Inc., first exhibited the insatiable curiosity which character izes every Socony-Vacuum lubrication engineer to day. They were not, nor is he, content with super ficial findings. We like to get to the bottom of things. That attitude is reflected in every Gargoyle In dustrial Lubricant. In mining, in railroading, in shipping, in manufacturing ... in every industrial enterprise. Gargoyle Lubricants are earning a Lubri cation Profit for their employers because they are doing a thorough Job. MARKETING POLICY: du» try almost always finds that the controlled nse of high-grade Gargoyle Lubricant* pays for itself many times over and that they actually cost less to use than ordinary lubricants. But for such equipment as does not justify the highest-grade lubricants, Socony-Vacuum en gineers will recommend a lower-priced lubricant con sistent with true In B I Faut] economy. '4*3^ Ijthrvqrti V STATE BALANCE IS $8,714,205.22 STATE TREASURER REPORTS CASH ON HAND NOV. 36, OVER 1936 FIGURE Th* state's totsü in bunln ctose of November amounted to $8,714^65^2, State Treasurer Bay N. Shannon said a few days «"gEu last year. Receipts of the treasurer's office test month totaled $2,846,844.81, while dte hunements came to $2,880,520.15. In November a year ago the receipts were $1,900,095.15 and the disbursement« were $2,»8.520,(r7. <* ONE JOB ELIMINATED The state liquor control board has eUmln ated. at least for the time beta*, the poet ° f ln Sg5£? t L ,t M* A^wIss^Tûnî^or the sald lt u the intention to try to **t a ion* without an assistant thus cutting off an annual expenditure of *4.000 a year. -~ MOTORISTS WARNED Montana motorists have been warned by Lou Bocdecker. supervisor of the state highway wtro1 - 10 beware of loose rock * and £, brla °" highwajrs at this time of the year. The sup er vlmr said that each year at this period mere to the hasard in the mountainous dls trlcta of the state of smaU slldea of rock and Olrt which are dangerous to highway travelera. • ' ."-' J L a £eSS 0n 40 ^ " DO YOU WANT TO BUILD A RIG SKID A DERRICK LAY A PIPELINE BUILD A CAMP ? then call if The GALLOPING SWEDE u *0 £ A 2S U, NO JOB TOO BIG; NONE TOO SMALL We have "cats" and trucks, Urge and small, with which to do any moving Job quickly and econom ically. Call us, night or day. J. HUGO ARONSON Phone Aronson Gamp O Um ont and Cut Bank