Great Falls tribune. [volume], May 01, 1886, Image 1

About Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890

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Add.,,o all io=InGcAtion L o th K VOL. 1. GREAT -3 L LS, MONTANA TERRITORY, SATURDAY, MAY 1t I886. NO. 51
A.C. LORING, PARIS GIBSON, II. O. CHOWEN,
President. Vice-President. Sec. and Treas
CATARACT MILL COMPANY,
GREAT FALLS, MONT.
AVING assumed constrol of the CATARACT FLOURING
1MILL at Great Falls, we propose making such im
provements as may be found necessary in order to
keep up the excellence of the flour of our manufac
ture. We will also erect the present season a commo
dious warehonse for the storage of grain, so that we
shall be able to conveniently handle all the grain rais
ed in Northern Montana. Cataract Mill ComDany.
OUR BRANDS:
~-
DIA MOND
STRAIGHT, GOLD DUST, SILVER LEAF.
TO WHEAT GROWERS:
We will PAY you the highest market price
in CASH for all the wheat you will deliver to us.
We mean business.
Cataract Mill Company.
Protect Your Property Against Fiire!
BY PURCHASING
-Hafwar Ha-Gr-aafe Fire
The best Hand-Grenade Fire Extinguisher ever produced. Reliable, sim
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will not deteriorate with age. EXTINGUISHES FIRES INSTANTLY
Easily broken, can be used by any one. The liquid contained in it is abso
lutely harmless to the flesh and fabric. Everything it touches becomes fire
proof, for whatever it falls upon will not burn. We do not claim to extin
tinguish conflagration, or usurp the place occupied by the Fire Departineit.
but we emphatically hold that no incipient fire can live where the HAY
WARD HiAND-GRENADES are used as directed, and thus cnl.. g:.~~i
or disastrous fires are prevented. BE CAUTIOUS AND DO NOT thi:
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full particulars and one of new pamphlets containing proofs of the w.vrl:,r
ful efficieney of our Grenades in extinguishing actual fires.-No Private
Residence, Hotel, Public Building or Manufactory should be without their
protection. Address,
Geo. D. Budington, Territory Ag't.,
CRIE.AT F.ALLS, MONT.
ECLIPSE
Livery, Feed and Sale Stales,
Great Falls,iMontana
Hamilton & Eaton, - Proprietor
Corral and Best of Accommodations for Feed
Animals.
Broken and Unbroken Horses For Sale.
NEW STORE!
Dunlap & Arthur,
--DEALERS IN
G;roceries, Provisiouns HardL ware,
Steel Nails, Etc.
A Share of Your Patronage Solicited.
Great Falls, - - - Montana
PIONEER HOTEL
Gi-reat T"'allE, Mont
Best Table and Most IComfortable Rooms: of any Hotel
in Great Falls.
cb.arges Eeason~.abJle
Walker & Carter, - - • ProDs
L~~~ .,- . ... . . ..,. . .. ..
Dexter's Ferry
Across the Missouri River above Sun river
IS NOW RUNNING.
W. O. DEXTER, Prop.
A Talk About Toad-stools.
(Written for the TEIBUN-.)
"There's a thingthat grows by the faintiagflower,
And springs in the shade of the lady's bower;
The lily shrinks; and the rose turns pale
When they feel its breath in the summer gale,
And the tulip curls its leaves in pride,
And the blue-eyed violet turns aside.
But the lily may flaunt, and the tulip stare,
For what does the honest toad-stool care!"
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.
Almost everyone knows what are
mushrooms, and our intention now is
to have a little talk about them and
other fungal growths. It is ordinari
ly supposed that every fungus except
the common mushroom is poisonous;
such however, is far from being the
case, although, some kinds are so ex
ceedingly poisonous that people un
acquainted with the mushroom tribe
in general, had better leave them all
alone. While some kinds- have a
poisonous effect, others are merely in
toxicating; but there are fungi (and a
large class they are) that kill by nei
ther poison, intoxication nor stupor,
of which we shall make mention, later
on.
Insignificant as the fungi may, and
do appear to the ordinary observer,
they perform, nevertheless, a vast and
important work in the economy of
nature. They, like every other class
in the natural kingdom, are divided
into groups, the various species of
each group bearing such closely re
lated characteristics as to prove them
to be relative, while their differences
are so distinct as to prove them to be
distinct kinds. The common mush
room and the commoner toadstool, bo
long to one group, the Agarics.
Comparatively few care to study
the works of Nature. Still, some find
time profitably spent and derive great
pleasure from the study of birds, in
sects and flowers; but how often will
you come across a person who can
find anything interesting in a toad
stool. Few there are who ever have
a thought for such lowly vegetation,
and should they chance to see a toad
stool anywhere, they give it a kick,
breaking the tender plant into many
fragments; at the same time mutter
ing something about, "those confound
ed toad-stools. I don't see what they
were made for. What good are they
anyhow?" Having thus relieved their
minds, they dismiss the subject.
The structure of the fungi is
luarvrlo,us: their growth interesting,
:;!;l t,. vast vari.:t cf t.:,rm and color,
wh:" h they clxibit, is attractive to I
hit ea:er '"o. V?.t ,when we come to
ih mni:rsc,;,c Oc::,..la;:,:,n of these
curious plants, we are more than ever
surprised, and cannot refrain from
exclaiming : How wonderful and
beautiful is the structure of a fungus!
Late in autumn, when the flowers
are gone and a few withered leaves,
rattle among the naked twigs of the
trees, many .of these plants are in
their prime; and, so again in early
spring, when t'he tender buds begin
to unfold, and springtime flowers be
gin to bloom, the fungi flaunt their
many hues above the still brown
herbage. Is there an emblem of de
cay? The fungus is it. When all
else is dead, it arises, spectre-like
from that very decay. Where ani
mal or vegetable life is passing away,
it luxuriates; and often times it at
tacks the weak and sickly, hastening
their death.
It is said there are upwards of a
thousands known species of toad
stools. But that group, large as it is,
covers only a small proportion of the
fungus world. As before mentioned,
there are many poisonous fungi. Some
produce violent abdomenal spasms,
the very severity of which is sufficient
to cause the death of the victim; some
cause a swelling of the body and
limbs, chemically changing and des
troying the blood, and others again,
taken into the stomach, grow there,
causing the death of the sufferer in
that way. Man is not the only one
liable to the attack of these insiduous
plants; for, birds, animals, reptiles,
fishes, insects and plants are all sub
ject to fungal growths.
Not only are living objects some
times forced to yield subsistance, but
dead or decaying matter; each in its
turn yields a rich feast to the fungus.
The writer has good cause to re
member the effect of the common
mushroom. When at school he and
and another little boy collected a lot
of mushrooms and ate them raw just
before going to bed. After they had
been in bed an hour or two, the mush
rooms began to work. The .boys'had
violent stomach ache and naucea,
without being able to vomit. Then
these sweet cherubs became frighten
ed. They repeated their prayers,
said all the texts they knew, and with
considerable effort, they weakly sang
all the hymns and pieces of hymns
they could think of. Then they lay
awake, talking at intervals, all the
while being firmly convinced that
death was approaching. They were
afraid to call any of the masters; for
at that school there was a strict rule
against taking anything into the bed
rooms at nigh. to eat. Sometime
during the middle of the night they
fell asleep, and awoke next morning
feeling perfectly well. They felt
rather frightened or awed for several
days, but that feeling finally wore off
and they forgot the occurance, except
for the fact that it taught them never
to eat raw mushrooms again.
In the early part of this article it
was remarked that fungi performed
an important part in the economy. of
nature; as, in fact, do all other things
pertaining to this world of ours. But,
some will say, we can see use and
beauty in the herbs and flowers and
trees. The herbs many of them are
good for medicine, the flowers delight
our senses by their sweet scent and
harmonious colors;tho trees add pic
turesqueness, beauty and freshness to
the landscape, affording us cool and
shady retreats from the hot glare of
the summer sun; but of what use can
a toaastool be? Its uses are various.
Each fungus group has its distinctive
habits; some kinds grow on the pra
irie, some in the woods on old logs
trees, and dead leaves; so we find them
also growing and flourishing at the ex
pense of organic structure. The fun
gi attack weak and sickly plants, and
for the matter of that, healthy ones
too; slowly but surely sapping their
very life. The plant dies, and in some
cases its parasite dies and decays with
it; but that very decay is not lost, for
other kinds of fungi grow, as if by
magic, from the disintegrating mass
Some fungi love dead trees and dead
leaves in shady, damp situations.
Most people have seen a white film or
fiber just beneath the bark, or else
prevading every portion of old dead
and decayed timber. Such substances
are the spawn or mycelium, from
whence arises, under favorable circum
stances, the fructifying portions of
the fungus. This spawn may, how
ever, exist for years without maturing
if the conditions of life are insuitable.
What is known as "dry rot" (Merulius
lacrymans) in timber, is caused by a
minute fungus, which eats away, as it
were, the fibres of the wood, causing
it to crumble away. Even the com
mon house fly is infested with a fun
gus (Empusina.) The mycelium is
developed within the fly and kills it,
after which the hymenium or fruit
bearing part arises from the dead
body. Caterpillers are subject to fun
gus growths. Prof. J. C. Arthur has
discovered recently a new species of
larval fungus (Entomophthora Phy
tonomi) growing in the clover-leaf
weevil (Phytonomus punctatns, Fabr.)
The larvae of this insect feed at night,
remaining in concealment in the day
time but when attacked by this fungus
they crawl as high as possible on some
stem or stalk. before daylight, and coil
themselves around it staying there
till they die. Prof. Arthur says in
his interesting article upon the sub
ject, in the Botanical Gazette for Jan
uary of this year, that the larve are
able to crawl about at 10 o'clock in
the morning, when disturbed, but by
noon they die and the rizoids fasten
them to the support. Some hours af
terwards the normal color (yellowish
or pea-green) is changed to dull grey
by the advent of the hymemium. The
spores (fruit) are produced late in the
afternoon. During the night they are
discharged and by morning only a
small. shrivelled, blackened mass is
left to tell the tale. Thus, our read
ers will see how quickly a fungus can
kill. Fishes often fall victim to fun
gi. Only the other day the writer
picked up along the river, three spe
cies of fish that had been killed by
these plants. In two of the specimens,
one a silverside, the other a "bull
pout" the hymenium (fruit-bearing
portion) covered the whole body like
a thick brush of dull grey hair, each
fibre being terminated by a little knob
containing the spores. The interior
of these fishes was one mass of white
ish fibres, or what may be called the
roots of the fungus.
Our commonest cereals are not ex
empt. Every one knows what is er
got in grain. It is a fungus known as
Cordiceps purpurea. It attacks rye
most frequetly. Flour made of er
gotted grain is injurious, and if taken
in quantity causes gangrene. One
year the greatest proportion of the rye
grown along the coast of Normandy,
in France, was ergotted. The poor
being mostly dependea.t upon this for
subsistence, were : iged to eat it.
Terrible diseases enued, the sufferers
died in the agonytf 4ture, the limbs
of many droppe4 o0borm very decay
before death camits their relief. For
some time the abourge was attributed
to supernatural- cases; but at latt
suspicion fell uponthateA* Ita ef
fects weretriedu and the
result pointed to evil lay;
Terrible as this ergot is, in the hands
of science a very valuable medicine is
produced from it.
The gypsies use a mysterious pois
on which they confess is procured
from a fungus which many suppose
may be related to the ergot. Among
the many jealously guarded secrets of
the gypsy race is the art of preparing
the "drei" or "dri," a most deadly de
structive agent, for which medical sci
ence knows no antidote. Analysis de
tects no noxious propertietand the
most careful microscopic examination
shows it to consist of an apparently
harmless vegetable substance. The
drei is, then, as will appear from
what follows, merely a brown powder,
collected from a species of fungus,
forming the nearest connecting link
between the animal and vegetabi king
doms. The powder consists of minute
sporules. These fungoid sporiiles
possesses the peculiar property of
being further developed, only by act
ual contact with living animal matter,
(as when swallowed.) they then throw
out innumerable greenish yellow fibr
es, twelve or eighteen inches long.
When the drei is administered, usual
ly in a warm drink, they attach them
selves to the mucous membrane, ger
minate, throw out millions of fibres,
which grow with awful rapidity, first
producing hectic fever, then cough,
at last accompanied by incessant spit
ting of blood, till death inevitably su
pervenes, usually in about a fortnight
or three weeks' time. In Italy there
was a case of this kind in 1860. The
patient was attended by physicians
accustomed to deal with cases of slow
poisoning. No suspicion of foul play
was entertained until the day after
the decease, when, an autopsy being
held, revealed the cause of death
The fibres, the growth of which had
ceased with the cessation of the ani
mal life and heat that had supported
them, were already partially decom
posed; had another day or two elaps
ed no trace of the foul deed would
have been left,. We could quote many
other instances of the destructiveness
of fungi; we could enumerate many
more curious and interesting things
concerning them, but space does not
permit. The mould that gets into our
bread, cheese, ink, vinegar, and a host
of other things all belong to the fungi
race. The fungi help to absorb de
caying substances, and aid nature in
converting dead matter into rcih ma
terial from which new and more high
ly organized structures may arise.
They aid in the formanition of the
rich loam, found in the woods, in
which gardeners love so well to plant
their favorite flowers. Many of the
fungi are excellent as food; but the
writer agrees with Horace who says
"The meadow mushrums are in kind the best;
it is ill trusting any of the rest."
to which we would add,-unless you
understand them. "Mushrums,"
saith Pliny, "grow in showers of raine;
they come from the slime of trees."
According to Dioscorides: "Poison
ous mushrums grow where old rusty
iron lieth, or cotton clouts, or near to
serpents dens, or rootes of trees that
bring foorthe deadly fruit;" but
science reigns today, and it has taught
us many things that these older au
thors did not know In conclusion, in
the words of Charles Mackay:-
"Love Nature, and her smallest atoms
Shall whisper to thy mind."
FRED ANDERSON.
Canadian Indians.
If the stories about the Indians of
the Northwest being armed by Feni
ans or by Socialists get any attention
in Canada it is due to misgivings
about Indian disaffection. Before the
settlement of that region the Indians
were rich, having by means of the
buffalo food and clothing in plenty,
and limitless and beautiful country.
Now, not having-learned to work, they
barely live on the grudging dole of
politically appointed agents. Educa
tion to industrial persuits, which is
the only deliverance from serious dan
ger, will, we fear, be slow under poli
tically appointed farm instructors.
The evil of our Indian and half-breed
problem lies in our wretched system
of government patronage.-Montreal
Witness.
Aluminum is to be the metal of the
future, and in a few years it will dis
place iron and steel and revolotionize
the industrial arts. Such is the
prophecy of a prominent machinist
and engineer, who also asserts that
the world contains ten times as much
alummnum as iron; that it is three
times stronger than Bessemer steel,
will not corrode, is very docile, is a
third lighter than cast-iron, and the
raw materials for making it are not
worth $20 a ton.
The Washington correspondent of
the Louisville Courier-Journal fears
thatliquor andlaborare going AiEerr
the orthodox prtaie .a 4goo& f
troeilt in the seart u re
I GEN. SHERMAN.
Wzitten for the TRIBUNE.
The limited space permitted in the
columns of the TRIBUNE, a faint out
line only, can be sketched of the life
and services of the greatest sold
ier of modern times. Preceding the
late war, Gen. Sherman was president
of the Military college at Baton
Rouge, in the state of Lousiana.
The attitude of the Southern
leaders in the states of Louisiana and
Mississippi towards the government,
caused Gen. Sherman to resign his
position, proceed to Washington with
the view of placing his services at the
disposal of the government. It has
been long since conceded that the
grim, determined leader is very posit
ive in his opinions. When the call
was made for 75,000 volunteers from
the several states to suppress the re
b:-lion,-Gce Sherman onsi-dered500,
000 a more approximate number, but
Sherman was considered to be off.
Events followed thick and fast, and
congress and the country, the press
and the army, came to the conclusion
that Sherman was about right. He
had recently come from the South,
knew the pieparations going on in
that section, and the temper of the
people. He was besides, a graduate
of West Point, and while yet a very
young man had served with distinc
tion 12 years in the army. In the
second year of the war the opportu
nity Sherman sought fell to him, and
he lost no time in showing those great.
qualities which subsequently distin
guished him on so many hard fought
battle fields.
At Shiloh, he bare the terrible on
slaught with tenacity, skill and the
most undaunted courage and firmness.
Gen. Grant in his report of the fight
ing on the 6th says: "A casualty to
Sherman that would have taken him
from the field that day, would have
been a sad one for the troops engag
ed at Shiloh. And how near we came
to this!" On the 6th Sherman was
shot twice, once in the hand, once in
shoulder, the ba'l cutting his coat and
making a slight wound, and a third
ball passed through his hat. The
blunt of the battle fill on McClellan
and Sherman the first day; the timely
arrival of Gen. Buell changed the tide
of battle on the second day and result
ed in the defeat of the Confederates.
History is too often perverted. The
contradictions in reports of comman
ders fully attest this. Gen. Buell is
everywhere recognized as a most able
and well trained soldier, and most
certainly deserved better treatment
than he received at the hands of our
government. In all the battles of the
Southwest, Sherman participated, and
by the sheer force of genius and great
abilities fought his way up to the
greatest and most important com
mands. His great march from Vicks
burg to Chattanooga, thence to Atlan
ta, to Savannah and northward to the
Potomac, is one of the largest and
most successful ever made by an army.
From Atlanta to the sea is the great
est military movement ever complet
ed, and surprised at the time the
world in its grand conception, execu
tion and completion.
"Cutting loose from his base of sup
plies and sustaining his army in the
country through which he passed
fighting his way, and driving before
him the ablest General of the Con
federacy, is, in-itself, a feat without
parallel in the annals of war. Sher
man's Banners have become subject
for song and story. The system of
foraging adopted in Sherman's line of
march has no precedent. So exten
sive in its operations, and is prefect
in every detail."
Sherman was especially open and
outspoken in giving his views, wheth
er asked for or not, but having once
freed his mind, verbally or by letter,
as in the case of the Vicksburg cam
paign in opposition to the turning
movement as it was finally made, he
dropped his contention there, and
loyally, and cheerfully without grum
bling or criticism, set vigorously about
performing the duty assigned to him.
It is but fair to add that Sherman al
ways had decided views. He was
then as now, a man of great abilities
and great attainments, not only in the
art of war, but in nearly everything
else; inshort, to use his own words,
he was "a great deal smarter man
than Grant," could see things quicker
and more clearly. Knew more of war
history, law and new it, and perhaps
Grant knew it also, and yet there was
never any rivalry or jealousy between
them. On the contrary a feeling of
friendship and confidence existed:
When after the capture of Forts Hen
ry and Donelson, Grant found him-=
self superceded by Halleck, and there
by placed in a subordianate' position
he talked of resigningl is command
in the army. No, noi sai iSherman
have-itdiepce, and events will brizag
matteres und all right,. and q they
did. In ike manner when Shermaa
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made his incomparable march to the'
sea, it was designed to place him. on
the level of rank with Grant. Sher;
man soon as he heard of it, promptly
wrote to John Sherman to' stop it, at,
the same time intimnated to Gen. Grant
his having done so, adding that he
would have no rivalry or competition
come between them. Grant in reply
said if such a thing happend he would.
cheerfully give him Sherman the same
cheerful, willing support he had al-
ways received from him. There is no,
phase in Sherman's career shines out
so brightly as this feeling of unswerv-
ing loyalty to his chief.
Some of the war correspondents
continue to spit a little venon at Gen.
Sherman because he found it a neces
sity not to impart information which
possibly might reach the enemy. HIe
rather told them on more than one oc
casion he would prefer seeing them in_
uniform, musket in hand, doing the;
duty of true and loyal citizens. From
this the reader will perceive one of
the characteristics of Gen. Sherman.
Therelstill lives a sorehead or two.
who thinks Gen. Sherman is respon
sible for the burning of Columbia, S:C.
They might as well, and with equal
veracity, charge Gen.Butler with burn
ing the wharf and ships, cotton and'
coal at New Orleans, which was blaz
ing before Gen. Butler arrived in the.
city. The fair and manly way Sher-
man received the surrender of his able
antagonist, Gen. Joseph E. Johnstone
is sufficient to show a generous, and
noble spirit, a great mind, and a fine
disposition. He stood firmly with.
Gen. Grant in resisting secretary
Stanton, who aimed at arresting Gen
erals Lee and Johnstone, and putting.
them on trial for treason, and in. so
doing, give vent to the feeling of the
Union army. Sherman's greatness.
during the rebellion, his matchless.
abilities on momentous occasions, ner
vously active, quick, comprehensive,..
wary, and ever vigilant, displaying a
skill in combining his forces, and
moving to be in time, brimful of ex
pedients, fertile in resources, inform
ed in the minutest details, has
given him fame and a reputation
that remains unchallenged. "War
is cruelty," he said. "It means.
destruction. On the heads of those.
who so unnecessarily plunged the
country into the vortex of rebellion.
rests the guilt, blame and consequenc-.
es." Of the private soldier, he said:
"You cannot exppect all the virtues
for $13 a month." It is estimated
that the number of men called under
arms by President Lincoln from the
inception to the close of the great con
flict amounted to'2,759,049, of whom
2,656,053 were actually embodied in
the Union armies. And on the Con
federate side 1,100,000 during the
same period, giving a total of 4,000,
000 from a population of 32,000,000, a
thing unexampled in the history of
the world. In case of a foreign war
with our present population and no
lInger any Federal or Confedlerate,
but all under one banner, there is
ample security for the government
and laws under which we live.
This .firm feeling of security, is:
best exemplified, when we look back,
to the end of the late war and see a
quarter of a million of veteran sol-"
diers pass in review before the great
leader, whose name stands at the
head of this article, and at once
quietly and peacefully return to their
homes, to pursue life in the quiet
paths of honest industry.
General Sherman is now on the re
tired list, but his great popularity has '
not diminished. There have been:
two Generals in our army, whose
names are often confounded, viz:
Gen. W. T Sherman and Gen. T. W.
Sherman. I am not aware of any re-,
lationship existing, except what is
conferred by same name.
In the great northwest, the late:
General of the army, has a ooetd of
friends, and a warm place in the hearts
of a great many. On every occasin
he has a kind word and helping hand f M
for Montana. Well and truly haa
Major Maginnis, our late delegate to
Congress, styled him the magnifiwal,
Sherman. J.
Gov. Foraker of Ohino lately sen'.a
message to the legislature calling..t-'
tention to the manner in which the
rich citizens avoided taxation. T-~
wiyes of these people lo' 'boayt
Mrrs. Forker by refusing to it
her reeoptions.
An father ;pqt fille with igo
coin that thehpier of a local rite
values at$1,-00 wads trn ruie# w
theaplugh afew dayaýgo 4 qA
mer at work in i4 al
S C. The colit i° id I 'quai
azadbears. evei ee -of .
from diterent ioitieq. C'
fouidits wy ito :te