VIOLEI GREIAT FALLS TRIBUN E,.
VOL. 2. GREAT FALLS, MONTANA TERRITORY, SATURDAY, JANUARY 15, I887, NO 35
LEWIS AND CLARKE.
With no apology for begining abruptly
with the great explorers at the headwaters
of the Missouri, we read that the South
East fork they called Gallatin's river in
honor of the secretary of the treasury. In
honor of- President Jefferson the south
west branch was named, while the middle
one was christened Madison. "These two
as well as the Gallatin, run with great ve
locity and throw out large bodies of water.
Gallatin river is however, the most rapid
of the three, and though not quite as deep,
is yet navigable for s considerable dis
tance. The beds of all of them are form
ed of smooth pebble and gravel, and the
waters are perfectly transparent. Correct
ly deciding that the Jefferson branch to
the southwest would bring them nearest to
the head of the Columbia river they took
their weary way up that winding, swift
and broken stream, and after many adven
tures arrived at its source. The river grad
ually became smaller until it so diminish
ed in width that one of the men in a fit of
enthusiasm, with one foot on each side of
the river, thanked God that he had lived
to bestride the Missouri. As they proceed
ed their hopes of soon seeing the head
waters of the Columbia, arose almost to
painful anxiety, when after four miles
from the last abrupt turn of the river, they
reached a small gap formed by the high
mountains which recede on each side,
leaving room for the Indian road which
they followed. From the foot of one of
the lowest of these mountains, issues the
remotest waters of the Missonri. "They
had now reached the hidden sources of
that river, which had never yet been seen
by civilized man; and as they quenched
their thirst at the chaste and icy fountain
-as they sat down by the brink of that
little rivulet, which yielded its distant and
modest tribute to the parent ocean, they
felt themselves rewarded for all their la
bors and all their difficulties." They left
with reluctance, this interesting spot, and
pursuing the Indian road between the inter
val of the hills, arrived at the top of a ridge,
from which they saw high mountains, par
tially covered with snow, still to the west
of them. The ridge upon which they stood
formed the dividing line between the wa
ters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
There is semething inspiring in the'
thought of this little band of hardy ex
plorers, standing upon the dividing line of
the old and new empires in the heart of a I
trackless wilderness. This was the first
union of the east and west, the bonds be
tween which have been closer cemented
during each succeeding decade.
* * * * *
The reason for pulling off their moc
casins when the Indians met in amicable
council are not manifest. It was done to
indicate the sacred sincerity of their pro
fessions when they smoke with a stranger
and imprecated on themselves the misery t
of going barefoot forever if they were
faithless to their words, a penalty by no 1
means light to those who rove over the
thorny plains of their country, "It is not
unworthy to remark the analogy which t
some of the customs ofthose wild children
of the wilderness bear to those recorded `
in holy writ. Moses is admonished to pull 1
off his shoes, for the place on which he
stood was holy ground. Why this was en
joined as an act oi reverence; whether it
was from the circumstance that in the
arid region, in which the patriarch then
resided, it was deemed a test of the sin
cerity of devotion to walk upon the burn
ing sands barefooted, in -some measure an
alogous to the pains inflicted by the prick
ly pear, does not .appear."
The report states that among the Sho
shonees, who had no fire-arms, the chief
game was the antelope, "which when purl
sued, retreats to the open plains where the
horses have full room for the chase. But
such is its extraordinary fleetness and wind
that a single horse has no chance of out
running it, or tiring it down; and the hun- I
ters are therefore obliged to resort to strat- t
egem. About twenty Indians, mounted on t
line horses, and armed with bows and ar- <
rows, left the camp; and in a short time
they descried a herd of antelopes. They t
immediately separated into little squads of c
two or three, and formed a scattered circle t
round the herd of five or six miles, so as c
not to alarm them till they were perfectly a
eaelosed, and usually selected some com- a
manding eminence as a stand. Having b
gained their positions, a small party rode Ii
towards the herd, and with wonderful dex- *
ferity the huntsman preserved his seat, v
and the horse his footing, as he ran at full p
speed over the hills, and down the steep o
wrvines, and along the borders of the pred-c
ipices. They were soon outstripped by
the antelopes, which, on gaining the other
extremity of the circle, were driven back
and pursued by the fresh hunters. They
turned and flew in another direction, but
there too, they found new enemies. In
this way they were alternately pursued
backwards and forwards, till at length sev
eral fell a prey a prey to the skill of the
wild hunters. This scene, which lasted
for two hours, was indeed picturesque but
was exceedingly laborious to the hunters.
This chase is often so unproductive, even
when they are able to worry the animals
down, and shoot them, that forty or fifty
Indians will sometimes be engaged for
half a day, without obtaining more than
two or three antelopes."
Lost.
Lost a new meerschaum pipe and case.
Finder will please leave it at this office
and receive reward.
? ?.
What is the matter that the Missouri
river is omitted from the appropriations
in the river and harbor bill? Of course it
is all rigot that Glendive should be con
nected with the navigable waters of the
country, but the upper Missouri ought to
be considered of equal impertance. Glen
dive has a railroad, but Benton and other
river towns and posts have none.--Herald.
Alleged Fun.
About half a dozen of "the boys" took
in the town Monday night and woe unto
everyone who hppened to fall in with
them. They rolled their victims in the
snow, washed their faces, stood them on
their heads and kept on having fun with
them until bought off by a treat. But
they, too, came to grief. Another skirm
ishing party of sharp shooters were lying
in ambush and opened on the gang adead
ly charge of superannuated eggs, all of
which took effect where they would do
the most good.
Look Out For Him.
Regina (N. W. T.) Leader: It would be
well if our Montana exchangas would en
lighten the business community over there
regarding the character of the gentleman
who has just gone over there. Mr. Bixby,
who left here with two police deserters, is
a very smooth talker, and is very slick al
together. He opened a restaurant at Mac
leod, got credit with everyone, paid no.one,
and is supposed to have skipped beyond
the reach of his creditors with something
like $1,000 in his pocket. We should not
be surprised to hear from him in a similar
connection in Montana.
The Old Fool.
Washington Special: Commissioner
Sparks of the general land office, has issu
ed a new order to registers, in which he
directs them to not receive entries under
the homestead, pre-emption or timber cul
ure acts from any person not personally
known to him and fully identified by some
responsible party. The effect of this order
will be to entirely close the public lands
to entry by emigrants who have no friends
within the land district in which they de
sire to locate. When Secretary Lamar re
turns he will have an opportunity to over
rule Sparks.
Expensive Luxury.
Chickens in this country come high but
some people in this country must have
them just the same. Last Monday
night Mr. Wetzels chicken roost was raid
ed and two of the fowls surreptitiously
removed. The fowl burglar was tracked
in the snow and finally captured, but not
in time to save the chickens. He and in
vited guests had made a sumptuous repast
at Mr. Wetzels expense. Two men were
arrested and brought before Judge Huy;
one said he had been invited to dine at a
certain place, in fact, had been asked to
stay as long as he wanted to. As he was
assured that his host's table would be la
den with all the delicacies of the season
he accepted. He didn't see why the "en
tertainee" should be held responsible for
the crimes of his entertainer. He was ac
cordingly allowed to "go and sin no more."
The genial host however, fared less for
tunately. Judge Huy thought atthis season
of the year chickens for a banquet like
that ought to be worth about an X a piece,
or twenty dollars a pair. This fine, the
man paid with the remark that his peculi
ar ways "when he was full" always cost
him considerable, He thought that this
little eccentricity of 'his was more expen
sive than a champagne "blow out." This
will probably put a quietus. on this enter
prising method of procuring the delicacies
of the season. They aren way above the
reach of ordinary capitalists.
TOO HIARD A GAME.
The year was exactly one week old, Il
With fifty-one more to come,
Remembering his oath in which he told, f,
"I'11 drink no more whisky, By Gum!"
A friend did ask hi u, "What 'll you take?"
He quietly said, "a cigar,"
And though at dice he lost every shake,
Not a drink would he take at the bar.
le shunned the red stuff, and danger saw
Lurk in the barkeep's eye,
But when he got broke in a game of draw, F
Said, "Gimme a little old ry:'." te
MONTANA.
The past year has, in some respects been pi
i severe one upon our Montana friends.- A a
Fearful drouth turned thousands of acres
,hat are generally rich in pasture, into al
nost a desert, and the fall in copper caus
,d a temporary halt in an enterprise which
gives more men employmentthan any oth
ar in the territory. These adversities bore B
heavily upon the farmers and stock men, R
ind some laborers, but in other respects o1
:here was tremendous progress. The pop- T
elation has so greatly increased, that now a]
he territory, with treasures of gold and g
treasures of silver, and countless herds as
an offering, stands knocking at the front
door of the nation, demanding admittance
into the family of states. The request t
should not be refused for a tingle day. 1
The population, the wealth, d the re
sources of the territory are most ample to
justify the demand. The people are not
only worthy to receive the boon, but from
the very nature of things; from their po
sition, their occupation, the climate they
live in and the altitude of their territory,
they will always be worthy. Now and
forever, to live they will have to work; v
under the cold of their winters they will
necessarily have to be thoughtful and care
ful of all living things that depend upon
them; the long evenings will draw close
the family circle, and make reading, and
music, and the exalting of things of life
necessities; they will always be a rich
people, and that will, while making them
self-reliant, at the same time give them a
deep interest in desiring that property
shall be protected, and that no misfortunes
shall come; and with the intense love of
home which such causes produce, the peo
ple, as a whole, can always be counted
upon as a bulwork of strength to the Na
tion. While extending the New Year's
welcome to our northern neighbors, we
add the hope that before the present year
shall have unwound its cycles, the further
pleasure will be permitted us of congratu
lating them upon the admission into the
union of their great territ(ry.-Salt Lake
Tribune.
A Fnrinrn Trio.
Rev. Joel Vigus and wife started for Ft.
ienton last Wednesday morning with one t
orse and a heavy buggy. Considering ad
te condition of the roads it is almost cer- ed
sin that they could not have reached any le
topping place that night. Had the weath- the
r been cold considerable anxiety would
gave been felt for their safety. As it was
owever, camping in]the snow with no wit
oof over one, but the starry firmament, is Wa
ot a very pleasant recreation. tan
Religious Notes. ena
Rev. J. K. Largent announces that he san
7ill preach at the school house next Sab- 186
ath morning at 11 o'clock. Rev. John cos
teid will occupy the pulpit in the even- fro
g. 187
Sunday school as ususal Sunday p. m.
t is a matter of congratulation that par- of
nts take so much interest in having their owl
hildren attend this service. There are gat
ow about fifty members of the Sunday con
chool. she
in J
First National Bank. 186
At a meeting of the stockholders of the int4
'fist National bank held last Tuesday Dei
ie following directors were elected for
ie ensuing year: C. A. Broadwater, John pin
epley, Paris Gibson, Robert Vaughn, L. Bei
. Phelps, A. E. Dickerman and H. O. Thi
howen. Fri
The bank is in a very prosperous condi- Sp
on and filling the wants of business men the
Sthis community very acceptably. The wif
iterior of the building is being repainted the
ad otherwise improved." Obi
Condition of Slock. ere
Horace Countryman came down from ton
tillwater last night. He says the result
f the storm will be extensive mortality on
ie ranges. The thawof the past few days
as packed the snow, and the frost harden- 1
1 it, so that cattle woiild have trouble get- noc
eg through it to the short grass. Sup- is
osing the fall of snow this winter to equal stal
Lat of 1881, the result will be infinitely and
more disastrous. In 1881 there was plenty
of grass but few cattle. Now there is very
little grass, and the ranges are crowded.
We must hope for the best, but'the outlook
for cattle is not bright by any means.
Billings Gazette.
Born.
To Mr. and Mrs. T. R. Mayo, on January
14, a daughter. All are doing well. All
such accessions to the population of Great
Falls are welcomed and the TRtIUNE ex
tends congratulations to the happy parents.
Printing Material for Sale.
One good 7.column Washington hand
press, one eight-medium Paragon jobber,
a quantity of body type, etc.
TRIBUNE COMPANY,
tf Great Falls,
Held Up.
A Chinaman was held up and robbed in
Benton last Tuesday. Zack Larsen and
Rube Houser were arrested on the strength 4
of damaging circumstantial evidence.
They were examined before Judge Crane
and bound over to await the action of t e
grand jury in the sum of $500 each.
Advertised Letters.
List of letters remaining unclaimed in
the postoffice at Great Falls January 15,
1886.
Bell R Boe Johnson
Golden A D Dinnison Mike
Hillebrand Tidel Grey Andrew John
McLean George Hyde Frank
Standley J V Phillips R J
Williams D W Maloney T
Worflit Ira A
Persons calling for any of these letters
will please say "advertised" as they are
kept separate from other letters.
Legislat iNotes.
R. O. Hickman of Madison was elected
president of the council. The other offi
cers of the council were elected as follows:
Chief clerk-R. L. Davis, Deer Lodge.
Enrolling and engrossing clerk-H. D.
Arkwright, Glendive.
Sergeant-at-arms--Matt Maguire, Boze
man.
Page-G. W. Faust, Helena.
Chaplain-R. E. Smith, Helena.
The house elected the following officers:
Speaker-4- irl~hg, Gallatin.
Chief'clerk-David Marks, Helena.
Enrolling clerk-Harry Rodgers, Mis
soula.
Sergeant-at-arms - Samuel Alexander,
Helena.
In brief sketches of the members of the on
present legislature the Herald has the fol- lal
lowing concerning our representatives:
J. F. Taylor hails from Choteau and is sq
accredited by the democrats of that coun- se
ty. He was born in Kentucky in 1828 W
and came to Montana in 1864, and engag- en
ed in stock raising. He was in the 14th w
legislature. He is a married man and
the father of three boys. cii
T. E. Collins--Choteau. Born in coun
ty Cork, Ireland, 1844. Came'to Indiana so
with his father's family 1850. Lived at or
Wabash till 1864; came that year to Mon- so
tana; livedt Alder gulch ('64) and Hel- ed
na ('65,) engaged in placer mining. In su
same business at Confederate gulch from or
1869 to 1872. Member of house twice and s
3ouncil once from Meagher county. se
from 1872 to 1880. Admitted to the bar ul
1873 and practiced for a number of years. of
Went to Benton 1880 and organized Bank sh
of Northern Montana. Now one of the lei
-wners and managers of that bank. Dele- Y
gate from Choteau county to constitutional
-onvention 1884. Engaged in cattle and
sheep business. Was first school teacher
in Montana and taught in this valley in
1864. Always been cnnnected with school ed
interests. Married, has four children. di
Democrat.
Mr. Otto Oberling of Neihart, is stop- ce
ping at the Park; having arrived from bC
Benton Friday. The coach was from M
Thursday morning until breakfast time M
Friday in getting to Twenty-Eight Mile an
Springs from Benton. Mr. O. says that P`
they saw nothing of Rev. Joel Vigus and Bi
wife, on the road. It is to be hoped that 00
they are in some place of safety. Mr. th
)berling is interested in the enterprise of 1,1
erecting at the Neihart camp, a complete th
concentrator capable of treating at least fifty of
tons of ore a day. Mr. Oberling is a prac- fu
uical, energetic man and is meeting with
excellent success in his undertaking. in
Thos. A. Carter started out Friday after
uoon to hunt for Mr. and Mrs Vigus. It hi
is :feared that they may be lost having th
started from here Wednesday morning ri
nd 'not't heardof at 28 Mile Springs. re
DESERTION FROM THE ARMY.
For the Tribhne:
That the enlistment of a man te serve
for five years in the Army of the United
States is a contract, and that his desertion
is simply a breach of said contract, is a
fallacy that the people should disabuse
their minds of at once. A contract is the
agreement of two or more persons, upon a
sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or
to abstain from doing, some particular
thing. No such an agreement is made be
tween the United State and a recruit.
The recruit voluntarily presents himself
at a recruiting ofnce, and, after passing
the necessary examination, solemnly
swears to "serve the United States faith
fully for the period of five years, unless
sooner discharged, for such pay and al
lowances as may be granted by congress."
The considerations of a contract are neith
er progressive nor regressive. If a recruit
enlists, under a contract, to render faith
ful service for five years at the pay and
allowances existing at the time of his en
listment, he would not be permitted to re
ceive any benefit from any increase of pay
and allowances, nor could he be compell
ed to suffer any loss for any descrease of
pay and allowances. Appropriations for
the support of the army are made annual
ly, and should congress fail to make any
provision at all, this fact would not enti
tle any soldier to his discharge, as he has
sworn to serve "for such pay and allowan
ces as shall be granted bycongress." His
contract, therefore, isilike that of every ju
ror, of every witness, of everyperson
binding himself by an oath to perform a
certain act.
What can the Government do with the
soldier to prevent desertion?
Sections; 1996 and 1998 Title XXV
Citizenship, of the revised statutes of the
U. S., read as follows:
Sec. 1996. All persons who desert the
military or naval service of the United
States * * * are deemed to have volunta
rily relinquished and forfeited their rights
of. citizenship, as well as their right to be
come citizens.
As such characters as desert do not care
whether they are disfranchised or not, and
as their two years sentence addb. to the
time served honorably, rarely makes them
serve their full five years, they should be
sentenced to a punishment commensurate
with a crime so grave as to cause one to
lose his birth-right. As an honorable man
would rather lose his life than be disfran
chised, let the penalty for desertion be
equal to that for felony, and sentence the
offender to at least twenty years at hard
labor.
If the question of desertion is look@ed
squarely in the face, it will readil be
seen that there is no room for philaniro
py, but that the most rigid means must be
employed to correct abuses, and then deal.
with the offender as before stated.
What can the Government do with the
citizen to prevent desertion?
Sec. 5455, revised statutes. Every per
son who entices or procures, or attempts
or endeavors to entice or procure, any
soldier in the military service of the Unit
ed States, or who has been recruited for
such service, to desert from such service,
or who harbors, conceals, protects or~as
sists any such soldier who may have" de
serted therefrom, or who refuses to give
up and deliver such soldier on the demand
of any officer authorized to receive him,
shall be punished by imprisonment not
less than six months nor more than two
years, and by a' fine not exceeding five
hundred dollars.
B.
The Sioux Treaty.
The Indian Commissioners have effect
ed an agreement with the Sioux I
dians at .Fort Peck agency; in which the
Indians concede all title to their land ex
cept that retained for a reservation, the
boundary line of which will follow the
Missouri river from the mouth of the Big
Muddy over to the mouth of Milk river
and Porcupine creek, thence east to a
point forty miles above the mouth of the
Big Muddy, for a stipulation of $1,560,
000, in annual payments of $165,000 for
the year. The reserve will contain about
1,500,000 acres. The Indians will be given
the right to use the wood on the south side
of the Missouri, opposite said reserve for
fuel and building purposes.
See the First National bank's statement
in another column.
Charlie Fox, the stage driver who froze
his hands so badly, has nearly recovered
the auseof them. He was fortunate in ar'
riving at 28 Mile Springs in ilmetoobtain
relief. -