Richland beacon. [volume], August 02, 1873, Image 1

About Richland beacon. [volume] (Rayville, La.) 1869-1890

Image provided by: Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, LA

                
RICHLAND BEACON.RICHLAND BECON.
A Real Live Country Pape. Phblal.d every I Ets Of A rtids.
Raturday Morning.
WILEY P. MANTGHAM. I 11.1. l iw. 1 m.I1l m. 1. m y r.
Editor and Proprietor. adone r otuar, $ i 4 i 5 ( t wa 51 oil IN
Terms of subsription: ,ua . , 1 IN ip 5 a
cop r y ........................... I _ . . .. .. . . ... ..
,lne ,py,epixmooths ...................... 2.. "LIBERTA ET NATALE -OLU."
Tenm ropli, to rlulM nr year, eab .... 2. * Adv.rti.n lt. lu.-rt2d t th ra...e of $12. r
ingl'e crpe .......... ........ ......... 1 al' for th ft IIl l ;. ( t for
W A lt n tler ip t i n hl i a nl t ,I . "rOnU Vl.- - 1 ,1r 1 SGT , l ti tl t W
nt. terl upouthe list tthe 1 li the .ubhrrptto.noT J ~lN'-fi ,,,*ar,*n r,
•"*'"'" it.i'' •''"" " "9L V. "O •71 •AV LE •I. "AUD~ six~' S 11nt' I12.: IL a|vlit4"t
THE Pl'ol'E OF SORROW:.
The lrer River teveille. a wild erri.sity of Amer
lean journalim, publinbed, as its alliterative tit.e
proelaims. to one of the remnte minulin l elhurbs
civlization, has a powerful bard called " ingleline,'
from whose latest locally characteritlr epic of no
ciety the fdol,'wing attractive piece of plrtraitut
may be admirintgly arlect d :
Arrma A DIVOnCL
Mrs. Addle was fat--adlpnie,
With a (Tennys'men) tip-tilted ,tre;
And she came into conrt
With a anrt of cavort,
Alld a rountenance as red asa rose.
lIer duck of a bonnet was small.
Tipped forward till ready to fall ;
L.ke the MIther (loose Hmpty,
Of pantomime Dnmpty
Who couldn't stay upon tle wall.
nhe came into court. and sh eat
In a chair. It wa- full (abe was fat)
With a stare at the miners,
And penny-liners,
And lawyers, sad judge, and all that.
She started with the smilingest stare
At the heorllums surrounding her there;
And every one said,
By the toss ,,f her head
She'd discount the sweet Mrs. Fair.
ine miner of old '49
Who panned out the bloom of his mine
In a high-colread mne.
Said: " If sher int a rose,
Just say I aln't much n opine."
The shorll aried "Silence !" The court
Inquired if she'd argue a tort ?
Her couse, said " Yes."
That she wanted redress,
And have it she certainly ort.
The man that had married her coldn't,
Or didnt, or hadu, or wouldn't
4,pport the petitioner,
clthe, feed, nor physician her
d stay with him longer she shouldn't.
-adn't been light In ill-trestin' her,
waibly never had beaten her.
ýr old '49
Is pard' dil opine.
't as easily have esten her.")
A tipts were all read in rotation,
Aarn-per-r-rogation,
Noe reply,
).rre like tarnation.
The btjrt p out as she entered.
As ushl all ees were centered,
Westored to
As ever to wedlele,
tamenter~'d.
NRa word bad the ea _
Nnr how the poor l hIem-peeked beard,
t the te took k led been checkered;
In a bandy divopta N ree
the record.
Ahd ,m i e a --"trying;
May revolve with the mots.
And keep all the furanitre Say.
When bed, theres nothing anta
Thn tome styles of masallne wo,
But snally there
Is reason to swear
That the donms rather worse than the .
coloal OP TU PoLAN S.
[From Appleton'` JournaL]
The colors of the pl·ets present in
teresting subjects for study in three
different departments of wastronmiml
investigation, either observed by the
nakled eye, seen through the telescope,
The mot m familiar aac ible Seld
of research is found in the colors which
the planets exhibit to the naked eye.
Each of the five ible planets has an
individuality as atati as that
which distinguiebes the members of the
same family, and this dia menee depends
lurgel. pealiari of coloring. Ju
pateir, e giamt o the solar family, is
clased a a white star, although to our
rision there is a yellow tinge blended
with the whiteness. Whis.tbiIN in
fuall glory on the dark be oud of
the idnight sky, it is impossible to
mistake him for any other star in the
armament. When he is morning or
evening star, he is sometimes mistaken
far Venas. But aeful atention will
easily deteet the difeeme - for Venus
is the more brliat, while tletrtofd her
light is a much softer and more ereamy
white. Thee is a indescribable love
hs about this planet, which belongs
b on oher in t uhe h ens, ad
wash is l due to the beamis
esor she reflects. Mercury is also a
i p hte m bat aeiodal eakel hbee
wi ic asi be fotr bbe des
Sontaimes callea theprl ," 'isI
iii ev b f , t- iii o
this rasme.
Mars is a red star, ant was enled the
Pimy Or" by tm Oreeks on asecount
h was look aup as the
iai rlanre _ haids i"l
prtionof his deep r .-olor, ad the
o f e tas sle- bhene
ad It -w as
hue, agssb~ fr the unlueky in
aeriud t him by aenstrlgits.
icr the esalis of iheuble
the tshspemsh Ms h, iln
es~~est simlla e
leeemeble im s em. I
3rses, 1
Ad
a
lands and continents. Then we se,
Sovering about the same portion of the
; disk, green or indigo-gray portions,
forming the seas and oceans of the
planeC None of these spots are en
re tirely dark, but either faintly tinted,
almost while, or tinged with purplish
hue.
Jupiter, under a powerful telescope,
develops a marvellous splendor of col
oring. The poles are of a singularly
beautiful color, called by painters ultra
marine-ash; and the spaces between
the dark belts are of a rich, creamy
white. The dark belts display remar
kable gradations of color. Those near
est the poles are slate-colored; farther
on, a tinge of red mingles with the
gray; this is succeeded by a delicate
chocolate; while the belts on either
side of the equatorial bright zone de
velop a arnet blending with the other
hae The great equatorial belt is
nearly white, but has recently presented
unusual variations of color, chang"rn
from greenish yellow to bright oereius
yellow, and still more recently assuming
all the tints of yellow from Roman
o to yellow lake. The belts vary
g yý in number, form, and extent,
while processes of disturbance are con
stantly going on. Immense rifts open
in the vaporous masses, black spots
come into view, and all observation
seems to confirm the theory of the aso
tion of intensae heat around the surface
of the planet.
Saturn presents a view to the teles
copie observer more obharming and im
preseive than that of Jupiter. His ring
system makes him the most interesting
of the planets, while his family of satel- I
lites rass him to the dignity of a sun.
His famil of satellites is as lare as
the sun's aly of planets, and his ring
is now eosidered to be componed of
myriads of minute satellites circling in
intertwining orbits around their mighty
primary. Thecolorsobserved on Saturn
Sa beautiful as those on the nearer
and larger planet, but his greater dis
tance makes them appear faint and
smooth instead of dark and rugged.
Saturn's ring is divided by a distance
of two thoumsad miles, the inner por
tion being wider and brighter. Several
other divisions also occur in the ring
system, one of them dividing the outer
rinj near the middle. But these di
visions are not black, neither is the
great dark division, for when the
shadow of the planet falls across it
there is a marked ontre between the
atese blackness of the shadow and
merel dark color of the division, f
that something besides empty a
Y cmccjies the division between the
S__. Within the inner ring lies the
or ° s. ,pe ring through which the
t bebd t plane can be seen present
l J aneeeofa erape veiling,
but not rdi t view. Thi oprtion
of the sI spposedto con
me i satelites rmore tJ
widely separatod than th ar in the
nbright rings, and it is between them
that we atdhe glimpe of the planet d
At ordinary times the nly colors M
r1eognised on Saur aalre the white of d
the lued-ms sad theyalow of the
belts But on nights of ezeytionally
favorable eamo lam t . pi. hIa
Im into the most hues.
-r. nin, the distinguished op- b
tioisa, has produced ga beatiful re
! a tion of it as he saw it on one of
tre nights which reward the as
troo r for months of patient waiting.
He hr e r ted the color of the
rings byye obre, shaded with the
same d pia; the globe, yellow "
cebre and brown madder, orange, ad
me, ishaded with s pi. The geat it
div a ta h terings s sep, and the
pole and the narrow belts sear it, pale
obalt-bllbas Mr. Br a pietare of
aturn is the most beuti one thatl
ade suateco i eftsasinting
pu h i vn; or r rial colors ar
fuddyandi ~y w compared with
,d work tid the armJamený hw i
are those eameeted with the observa-"
to aof the sFor these
Sn, sad emsoata the ei aste of d
aqueo vapor and d ar
itnese, rset mllu or disl i os
thes of the on t e ek th
, their speetra are t h
sm as the solar spaisum, sad whta
eer dlthene. ore pesvet m d
-fr* em ss the s.ss ,
- . an..~. i mmedaes ai
 s r is e e pissmsg h a1g -
rs pealsar h er
sa-L~d also what sUsoees
S These e eddeeis
etmstsle~s or msmessaents of e
be urnnmmy; f thougthat f be
msar lmul et w th secohnd
ite solar s nibr ad thetinseo
ilme I f __ so sell
oss e emug th e seabt or
I hem eodad by am?
see 6 e ball ta kt uio
s im 1tsm ml s m at assu w
mh as senseeen w a sius ths "'
ii iin me l ]
enetsibth.,o
* n deem.
e, the spectrum entirely disappears. It is
he such a spectrum as would be produced
is, if all the yellow rays were extinguished
be from the light of the sun. Huggins,
n- with a more powerful spectroscope,
d, found six dark bands, and strong proof
ah of the existence of hydrogen.
Neptune gives a spectrum elosely re
a, sembling that of Uranus. cehi found
J- three principal bands, and the red por
ly tion of the spectrum almost entirely
a- wanting. Indications of carbon have
an been detected in this spectrum, and
ay also a coincidence of the dark bands
r- with the bright bands of certain com
r- eta. The outer planets, Neptune and
er Uranus, seem to be in a still more un
ie developed condition than Saturn and
to Jupiter, while none of them are at
er present fitted to be the abode of living
e- organisms. It is much more probable
or that they resemble the san in the chaotic
is condition of their elements, and that
id the give out heat and some light to the
ag little worlds which revolve around them,
sh as they in their turn revolve around the
Ssun.
m Thus, the varying color of the planets
ry makes them familiar as the faces of:
t, well-known friends; the telescope re
1- veals every imaginable tint and grads
n tion of color in bewitching beauty upon I
ts their surfaces; and the spectroscope I
Sanalyse the cbnging hues, and brings
Smesags from the distant orbs, indies
e tive of their nature and constituents. I
The science is only in its infaney. Its
s- faint developments are but the shadow
a. of the great discoveries which keener
g. vision, more powerful telescopes, and I
Smore effective spectroscopes, will make I
- plain in the astronomy of the future.
a A Question for Mr. Darwin.
[Renry Ward Dseecb i the New York Ledg.]
n They who study plants, who search
for botanical specimens, have no special
n need of leisure; but they who would
a study birds must needs be quiet. Much
Ssriving puts an end to observation. In
d ramble one may start new kinds of
birds, may search for their nests, may
learn something; but only they who
lie e among birds getattheirlittle ways,
their characteristi traits, and distin- 1
gaish one kind from another by their t
minute habits. A house well sur- t
r rounded by trees and shrubs, with half- s
Scovered porch, or windows opening into t
e coverts to which birls love to resort,
Sfurnishes an admirable point of study.
The old farm cottage which I smmer t
in has just the right attributes. In t
Shota.,rmapesadelms; on the ides,
magnoTias, birches and da
laced in between, all kinds of shrub
bsry, with now aad then a mulberyVi
tree, a cherry tree, and, at a atone's
east, an orchard of cherries. Once this ii
hill was almost bare of birds; but the v
news has gone forth that here a bounti- o
ful bird table is always spread, fresh a
meat under the mad, infnite insects in 14
the air, dslieiosworms, in great variety, a
pon the tres, besides strawberres,
i- plums, pers, apples, in their t1
seasons, and fterward ra and seeds
of grass, for all inclined to a fiarinaceons at
diet. r
And so it has eme to pas that parents it
have told it to their children, and chil- a
[ ** have told it to their eonddential a
. .m , .. m wealth of le
mirds i well estbl shed nd ps.
We can walk nowhere without saring a
bird on its nest, in an evergreen ordog- t
wood tree, where foolish birds will con- g
tinue to build, though the scythe, the i
cat, and man's foot every year destroy ft
so many hope. 1
Nears front earner of the cottage is
a cherry tree, which is kept partly for
its shade, but largely as a resort for
birds. Sitting at a window, or on the
sang poreh in front, one may spend the as
hour happily in thme bo B
eaatuesoma to rk Bird do
not fy in aad ot of this tree, as in other
trees. They have an instict of pr- di
dene, or a ger of mral sense, whieh
teaches them that their at may be p
deemaed by unfeathered ereatures as v
Birds a ig in a tree when they
halOwe. ot~,L eArAdo5. wn
robians may be making havoc of cherries a'
Lrght over o he, ad yd a will not s
know it.ae telth arecc
amasirg to aone who watehes. A bold ti
onei sed itu ps, m a hear
it patter on the grnd,  th i
meas. After a sheeintoenth a
tree, ad loo out to m he f tie at
is clear. Thea quetly bh descens . -
der thetree, seddevears the fut which
he has beates er r h bes in toa
end arries It ef to his hom
A cabaird Is mere aimble then his
eousin roin, end may bea sebsting
oa a berry, andt quiek as lit, -
Ae int e reept i rs a ba tear i
a , on blrt la . _ aig. bo_ t1
iegtree. Emall birds an net masstsr a ne
s rlpt a .d l wa rg tbirdsd. di
Proba t~rse y o '." rI
arws , .ns ed n= hse omail fl ck dni
the me aeend leae the atmeneolemd i
bere as th stem. When the fr
abendea birds sem selom to qmaud '
wr eah other ead alkn s omet s
togethrs in Mlgg th L al
of -rr~Y~l~ rto
!i brhar1 7- -
drien taoether by - afuh e
-r waeves, e a et e as
bais lower en themh en
That hoebeter
li h s',-.. - s.
m~;e~~ ~ro
s Death from a Balloon.
[oin (M hh. ( ',r. of the New V,Trk World.]
, The great excitement of the fourth of
JTuly in this town was the ascent of Pro
f fessor La Mountain, the famejs aro
nant, in his balloon, or " mammoth air
ship." The people had flocked from all
I the neighborinmg country to see so unn
sual an exhibition, and there were at
y least ten thousand people in and about
e the public square, laughing and talking,
I eating nuts and fruit, and firing off
s their crackers, and enjoying themselves
after the fashion of country people who
I are waiting for an exhibition. The bhal
loon, not one of the ordinary silken sort,
I but of the foolhardy pattern which, or
t iginating with Monglofler. should have
r ceased with him, was a paper globe,
a the leavatory power of which was simp
a ly heated air. Yet the professor with
t his wonted collness, was bustling ab nt
a attending to preparations for the infla
tion, occasionally chatting with one or
two of his acquaintances about the pros
pects of the voyage, of the favorable
termination of which he apparantly had
f not the slightest doubt. He had sailed
- in the air often enough to have no fears
and remembered not the proverb about
a the pitcher which went once too often
to the well. For some time the boister
a ons wind delayed the ascent, but half
an hour before starting the balloon
swelled bigger and bigger, and tugged
a at the ropes which held it to the earth.
r There were eight of these, badly ar
r ranged, and there was no network over
I the canvas bnlge. The professor was
here, there, everywhere, attending to
and guiding all details of the manage
ment, *hile all the people were looking
at him with wonder and admiration.
At half-past three in the afternoon he
stepped into the car, leaning over to
shake hands with some of the people
who were near by. Again he 'examined
all the apparatus within his reach, and
dve minutes later gave the word to let
go the fastenings, and the balloon shot
up bravely. The spectators shouted
and waved handkerchiefs and c pa, and
the professor answered the salute, wa
ving hishat in return. Hardly, however,
had the swelling paper globe ascended
to the distance of a hundred feet from
the position which it first held when the
spectators saw by its action and the agi
tation of the seronant that something
serious was the matter. It did not rise
symmetrically, but bunglingly, and
thee seemed to be some breakage in
the substance of which the bag was
composed. Yet still it rose, and the
people at some distance could see that 1
the professor was greatly agitated, rush- I
ing about in his car, tugging at the I
ropes, which he was eivdently attempt
ing to arrange. The month of the can
vas flapped violently. It was a moment I
of the most intense anxiety, and the I
crowd stood breathless while the bal
loon went higher and higher until it
attained an altitude of at least half a I
mile, when it paused for an instant;
there was a struggle, and the body slip
ped from between the ropes that bound
it to the ear, which instantly began to a
fall, while the balloon, loosened from I
its burden, bounded up higher. The
car upset and the professor fell, at first
head foremost, and then turning with
legs and arms outstreatchled, wheeling
IiCelightning toward the earth. Then
nbtod7 mssumed a position directly
the reverse of its first, he struck the
ground feet first. His struggles in the ,
air as-the ear began to fall, were fear
ful to see. He tried to clamber into v
the basket, and then, seeing that this s
was futile, he tried to nuse the ear as a r
cht turning it upside down. U
She alyleft go, and as has been
said, struck the ground with his feet, 0
and was mashed to a pulp of gory flesh.
Blood spurted from Ins mouth and ears,
and in falling he made a hole in the
earth five or six inches deep. The
dreadful accident put a stop to the eele- a
bration of the day. The corpse was o
placed in the square, where it was
viewed bandb b
Professor IL Mountain, although will tl
known for his balloon aseencions pre- w
vious to this event, first came proms- s
-netly into public notice in a famous
ascent at St. Louis on July 1, 1859, in
company with Professor John Wise and
two others, upon a journey to the town
of Henderson, Jefferson couaty, in this
tate, a distance of 1,150 mlle. The
bjeet of this Irial voyage was to verify
Proesar Wise's theory that an upper~
eastwardly errent of wind existed
wherb a ballooa could be impelled
a losgjourmsey from west to emst. P
trip was made in aineteen horns
and f minutes, or narly mile a
minU U te of September, '
1811, i Matsiad Mr. John . a
H·addock asended from Watertown, a
New York, and in four hours tirsme
mrde a distanee oft 800 miles, chiey w
adtr aitt, ha tinr point I
the "o tedhia o50 .ies In
ofat Ottw Aty, nd a0 st to thel a
due north of Waatertown Ptlmsorne P
Mhuetain rerel
darig the war his afbs asests
-a.mmestaitbe the, te eamie a
V W t ra4 1 8 1o61, he
t-b s Adrbie, aeoed in New- L
was the as at that e Onber
the ssuz. He se de4d from the hi
Unip t th a army, then lying
spa the Pu a yen a arecmnoiter
miter hawing bersa soe tim e a
merered tb. ord, mdso rome to the
hedaig mile m ha The winl wi
a ever the Osafed rate Ca
ehea e l his
I
Railroad Statistics.
The usinesee for the Past Year.
i (Frm P e',r's Manual.]
The total cost of the railroads, the
operations of which are given for the
r- paIt year, as shown by the preceding
11 table, is $,159,423,057, made up of
$. 81,647,844,113, of espital stock, and 81.
tt 511,578,944 of various forms of indebt
it dinesa, chiefly of bonds maturing at
ir distant period. The capital stock
f amounted to 52.15 per cent., and
, the debt to 47.85 per cent. of the
o total cost. The cost of these roads per
1- mile was $55,116. The gross earnings
t, for the year were $473,241,055, of which
r $132,309,270, or 28 per cent., was re
e ceived for the transportation of passeu
gers, and 8340,931,785, or 72 per cent,
o. for the transportation of freight, inclu
b ding under this head the small amount
t received from "misceellaneous sources."
* The receipts per mile were $8,256. The
r ratio of earnings to population was
. $11.76 per head. The operating expen
e sea for the year were $307,486,682, or
i 65 per cent. of the gross receipts, leav
d ing $165,754.373, or 35 per cent. as net
s earnings. The percentage of gross re
t ceipts to the total cost of the roads was
n 15 per cent.; of net earnings 5.2 per
cent. The amount. paid in dividends
f was 64,418,151, or 3.91 per cent. of the
a aggregate capital stock. The balance
d of net earnings, $101,833,222, was equal
to 6.70 per cent. on the aggregate in.
debtedness of the roads. The divi
r dends in New England were 6.64, in
s the middle states 7.090, in the western
D 2.83, in the southern 1.5.
The earnings from the transportation
of freight were nearly three-fourths of
the gross amount. The ratio of freight
e to passenger earnings is constantly in
creasing, a most favorable feature, as it
indicates a very rapil development of
the industries of the country. The to.
I tal number of tons transported the past
ttear will 'prolbly exceed 200,000.000.
Ihe tonage for the New England states
exceeded 16,633,800 tons, or 3660 tuns to
I the mile. The tonage in the middle
states equalled 93,400,000 tons, or
8,041 tons per mile. The tonage for
both groups equalled 110,098,800 tons,
or 6790 to the mile. The immense ton
age for the middle states is due largely
to the anthracite coal trade of Pennsyl
vania. With regard to the future m
crease of receipts, it is probable that
they will double themselves is the next
ten years, that is to saw, in 1881 their
receipts will reach $1,000.000,000. The
total mileage of the railroads in the 1
United States has more than doubled
since 1863. It is fair to presume that
the ratio of increase in receipts hasbeen
one-half greater than in milage. The
earnings therefore for 1863 may be fair- 1
ly estimated at $190,000,000, against
$437,241,055 for 1872, showing an in
crease in ten years of 8$280,000,000, or
828,000,000 annually. Farther com- a
parisons are shown by these tables :
Grups. Mileage. Cost. Per mie.
New England states, 4,574 $23a3,A,790 10,411t
Middle states, I1,17 922,700.774 79,427
w.stern stat., 9,776 1,474.626,252 soas
nuthernm states, 10,9s6 401,913.207 36,573
lalle states, 1.0lS 131,573,900 ps,; 1
oGreast Britain, 1,376 a2, ls,aha1 a 70, e ,2 I
(soups. Earn'gs. Faren'g
New England p
state. s4.51i,83 s$1,134 21.1t 6.26 1.5s
Middle states, 119,2M,7l2 14,55 18.30 6.410 IA.e
West'n states, 199,0S,46 5,736 18 10 4.57 13,76
iaut' states, 47,765,259 4,m0 11.65 4.9 4.31
Pacife states, 3,90727 10,11 10.0 4.00 17.00 t
United States,$73,hSS5 $0.26 1.00 5.s $311.751
oreat Br/tain,244,413,Ss 1o.90 5a.45 4.6 117.o 0
tl
UMIOIOUS. G
-The Idaho Statesman thus andersa
an Oregon minister: "Near the close t
of the dat amp si in Orego,
a short time ao, the local prea
said : I hope all the n cogregation will b
be here by 10 o'clok,for preisely at a
that hour we will peas to the creek, *
where I shall baptize four adults and l
six adultereasses."
-After the examination is over. n
Ealaime freshman- Did I pass my a
ezaminti, professor Professor (with a
d orn-N so, sir! Of dames "
frahie, radient with smiles Plmrofessr
-You misnderstand me; 3 failed i
sir! Inorrigible freshieAh but I
won a bet, you see. Psesortaggers -m U
-The locomotive of a weisr - d
paes train collided with a head-ear, *
and smashed th head-light The ca orn
dtor was equal Ito the cemo. Hei
juet stuck his diaseod breasipla is the w
cow-catcher, and the train moved right h
along. St
-The Missu ai lteial eoarention k
have been opened by elderberry, bt a
w-' wager it was dlsed by jual-.
psi-berry adoldry." a
-A Massachusetts potisltress has j
rege her oae, m a tter of ho nI q
s becse she esanot a-d time to a
reedall the poetal-eards and atead to
her other duties beside.
-On a very pretty girl's sying to
Hunt, I savrys ad, yo see, he
, O no; ya belong to the
Jewish sect you are very falr, I
--A noted Engish deogyma re
eomeade to people to un their dad
Woeld't he do better to ahow them
how to ear their living?
-Raspe, bin told he looe reedy Ic
plied " The hardwrm biness; look at b
my wardyebe" ul
-Man is the only oreoture endowed
with laughter. Is he not also the only fo
one tha deserves to be laughed att?- b
Gren . itl at
-HeMa mal e~ y to begin tbheir b
Sgardening. end me dispesed to be
beesuse the grdeas ae not m
-eoria Frames Train is cene- 1
his Mt a i Linde rvagig fort
-eabl p . thea*er fe -:- r a
C351~ n
Epistolary Courtesies.
The courtesies of letter-writing in the
various countries of Europe differ al.
most as mc-h as their languages. Buf
fun it was who first said that the style
is the man. He might have added that
f the style proclaimed the nation. Per
haps of allthe nations of Europe the
English are the stiffest and most for
mal in their correspondence, more es
pecially with those to whom they are
personally unknown, and who are their
inferiors m rank or social position. If
a gentleman or lady, when absent from
home, has occasion to write a letter of
instrnections to a male or female servant,
the style is studiously dry and laconic
as a telegram ; and contains no word of
compliment or courtesy. When Jones
writer to Brown, whom lie has never
seen, he addresses him as "Sir," and
subscribes himself as, " Your obedient
humble servant ;" though he is neither
obedient nor humble, and would be of
fended if you really considered him to
be so. When Brown writes to Robin
son, with whom he is on more or less
friendly terms, the word " Sir " is too
stiff for intimaey, and he addresses him
as "Dear sir," or "My dear sir," or
"Dear Bobinson ;" or "My gear Bob
inson;" and subscribes himself "Yours
very truly," or " Yours very sincerely,"
or "Yours faithfully," or " Yours very
faithfully." When love-letters are in
question the style warms, and the
"dears" and the "darlings," sad the
"devotedlies," and the "affectionate
lies," come in play. With these I shall
not presume to meddle. They are of
the tender follies of the best period
of human life, and not to be turned
into ridicule either by the hard head or
the hard heart, unless in a law court in
a case of breach of promise. It is with
the ordinary style of address only that
I presume to treat, than which nothing
more formal or unmeaning can well be
imagined. Take, for instance, the title
to esquire, which means a shield-bearer.
There are no shields in our days except
in the theaters, consequently there are
no shield-bearers. The title, even when
it was a reality, and signified a true
thing. meant no more than a neophyte
in the profession of arms, and a servant
of a superior, who was called a chevs
lier, a knight, a rider, or a horseman.
Everybody with a decent coat upon
his back among the Anglo-Saxon, er,
more properly, the Celto-Saxon races
in Great Britan and America considers
himself entitled to be called a shield
bearer, and should the highly respecta
ble John Brown (esquire) be addressed
as Mr. John Brown, he comes to the
conclusion before he opens the peeant
epistle that it was either dispatched
by somebody who meant to insult him,
or by a plaguey attorney dunning him
for a debt.
In this respect the French are more
sensible. They have no esquires at all,
and monsieur is as high a title as they
usually bestow. The eldest son of the
old kings of the Bourbon line was mon
sieur per excellence, the monsieur who
took precedence over all other messieurs
whatsoever. They have, however, a
far greater variety of epistolay phra
seology than the Enlish, and snbacibel
their letters after a fashion which to an
Englishman seems remarkably rounda
bout, eumbrous aod effected. If they
begin with the "Dear sir," they end
with the lumbering phrase," Reeive,
sir, the assurance of the high consider
tion with which I have the honor to be,
tour very obedient, humble servant,"
'The term of human life ought to e
tend to at least a hundred and flfty
years, if people who write many letters
are to such perorations as this,
or others qually wire drawn, which
the French deoliht to employ. Thei
Germas are even mor pun1o and
it qires sudy o their
and long te with the pe e
to be e to decide whether a man is
simply to be ealled sir, or high-born sir,
or high and well-born ir, or nobly-bas
air, or hig, well and noMy-baorn sir,
worst or beet of all, most asrne. A t
as in Elh prntheatrietlyr m- I
Wmatiesl and poetic Yal" " the vroper
pronoun to be em w ddj t
11ra b thepin has been aspe
lam "youe," which mesas
severaml ual so in German the
" tho " and the " yoP" have both been I
nsrsedeand a sngeeram is des- I
S "as in the p e We e
a.. de eAf" "How do they find
-he-ves Instead o "How do you
do?" The courteous Italias designate t
-ry5 e5qs! and palor as "Yoar I
qa,"or ,Your "a aspeak
to evr7 oae as "she "or"her." " I
,II vidsit yoa," is rodered "I will visit <
her," tihe Ssi eprwon dayIt
far the fminin monus, greea c
lemey, whish are always muderstood,
though ast always espreseed.
In business lettea the Italins never d
use the wardsr cur .igmoe, or dear air,
asrE slie do, but address their d
armrI t as " Most eAteemed sir," (
epithes as "-Ha ,crae," "nIltri
se," "Most gentle," "Mest oblMe" I'
If ye addmressed yer tailer or boot-ma
her b~lter, either would be r- P
ps or omded, or srpcious of a
if you wrote on the envelope,
ilustrious air, ad signed your
lf, eoar mot b These a
the asual forms employed by the balk
o the pple, by tradesman, artn,
lerks, mlles, servants ad oters. am
a servant-girl mMwould not think well e
any lover whbo dl no taddress her as "Il
llssmm sig·ner" The f"I- '
dreserd aftera quarrel at a drinking '
boat, by one angry disptant tosmothe
whm lie edallenged to a duel :
Most-estesmedsir: Permitme to ia
ahort time to spol your beauty eiter
y o re or pssol. The eboica shall
ibeleMttoy as both wepon am to
no- quitindiehret. Hoping ean th
ha the pleaskes ofa ebaurdar,
i deasie mPself to be honorable sir,
Slebtr . busines to a ·eoe- p 
m--" t the ng5lish, or tMe "M el
de " ..l a a +etsr Sn
well to amend their style of address,
ae nd revert to the simple phraseology
t employed by the ancient Romans. How
truly courteous was the Roman method.
le f Lucins Verus wished to write to Sei
at pio Africanus, he did not begin My
dear Scipio, and end with Yours very
e truly, but went straight to the point,
and said, Lucius Verinus to Scipio Afri
canus, greeting; after which, without
further palaver, he would proceed to
ir business. Would it not be a saving of
time if we were to imitate this excel
lent old fashion ? And why should not
of Smith minimize trouble by addressing
Brown after the classical method :
t "[Smith to Brown, greeting, send nme
ten tons of your b st coals, lowest
Sprice;" or "Jones to Robinson, greet
ing: Will you dine with me, next
H Thursday, at the Megatherium, at t;
t precisely ?" The one word, "greeting,"
includes all that is necessary in the way
either of friendship or politeness, and
would answer every purpose in the or
dinary intercourse of life. Butitwould
never do for love-letters. These always
di, and always will stand apart as a
literature by themselves, governed by
their own laws, by their own impulses.
r Had a Roman lover simply sent a
" greeting " to his Lesbia or his Aspa
sia, Lesbia or Aspasis, if able to read,
which in all probability she was not,
would have had fair cause to complain
of his coldness. So I except the love
letters.-All the Ycar Round.
S California omads.
f [FPrnm the Man Fransc Ico Buletin.
d The nomads of California are still
d moving on. The ocean heads them off
r on the west; but there is still a vast
a wilderness into which they withdraw,
h and are lost for a time to all the better
t influences of civilization. The cattle
g nomads once ruled the country. They
e were opposed to schools, churches,
e newslpapers, improved highways and
enultivated fields. T had large bands
t of retainers, selected mostly from the
e lower class of the Mexican population,
a who were content to ride a mustang,
a swing a riat and to spend their small
e wages at an oeeasional fandango. It
t was not necessary that the cattle-owner
bave a good title to afoot of land. It
was enough for him that he had po
p session of territory as large as the state
of Rhode Island, and that by sheer
a brute force he could hold possession,
a driving out all who wanted to enclose
- small tracets for farms, and to live in a
more decent and progressive way. For
I years these nomads were the terror of
e the country. Every cattle-owner had a
tsmall army. He might be hospitable
I emugh in his war, but he balanced this
virtue by absorbing everything on the
a vast traets on which his herds roamed.
Now and then we hear a puerile re
that the days are gone when the
gave the stranger a fresh horse for
a weary one, and for that lasy and no
prosperous era when there was nothing
to do eept to strip hides and barter
them for higeolored calieo. These
nomads have had their day, and no sen
sible citizen wants to see that part of
our history treproduced. It was a call
, ing whieh has been supplatced by a
Ssystem of ealtur wi does not
seot at the d es of eivilization.
The "pike" is still a nomad. But
then he has become humanized to some
extent. He still elings to fried bacon
and corn whisky, and does not like to
be taxed for school-houses and churehes,
and has a lingering weakness for white
wawks the stumps of his trees. But
his chdrea are better educated than he
is, sothat the next generation have no
quarrel with civilization There me
still, however, a lare number of thee
nomads carting their traps, wives anad
children from oue obscure nook to an
settles ome i who build reads ad
conertable d , and abstain them
work on Baader. volleys Among
their daims on speculation, and are
ready to sell out an day ad " move
on." The men who doow them drive
The ';ak m a we been thinned
out very m h within telt ten years.
Vethin wr for avzed and if ot
psnalways enateshae than to be
eternalmly wandering kerm mne eaamp to
other. But there ae a large number
Snaromeds who ove at sme timo
minwd who have beomlar iaeigidi e
ra They are nt conent with
aythin s than anso entire slv mine
If theyowned eme they er word
desvop it The fedsq who semps in
his blankets expeats -S da ytohe
eer a m llinare, and to he e to this
estate without muck work, but by a
"power of whisky"t interspemsd with
- lucy . tio.s.*. H. wall
probably be a nomad all his life a srt
of mentmin who has hd a per
psl taite fortune adm got the
Than there is the ~ula brigade o
blanket nomads, holds ea kern
Jreto er,Alled up b dmo e f
wrho rser eas w to w -rre
than two or three menthe continuldy,
and namot lwaiys wet mere emplt
meet in one AIfew of thlwa e
it isa meiospreme Ladifernmsi
what heppas on the morrow.
On the whol , the nomads am thi
ning out, a fact whisk imdicts an e
of greeter prosperity, of perrnme
order and prow ns, God me Ba
their weeksad ll t.,halng a timeto
wander about. A greter deees of
cormort is within the reseh of te
laborer. And many of the railssr
- ulses have bean sacue ad
driving. ase In the slb.
-A quel mixed eatersmt ua
O Mea d -who s