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" ...r , ,,_ r._~ '''' . ,t:- '; .Y~!« ' ýf1,k': 1 · ,'r 1 i.;kl ;Y".ýfi ''"ý'T ;f' 41 . MornlngStarandCatholioEeasager, Blh.Nv Ordeo O.tcdS FwPieutxIi UWOOWa jr.. 104 Cworsddd etrelt. b.Ieows.~ a#emuedTAom ThoDlro t.Of thoOlmaf or ot· ·odrly Moot Rev. Archbiahop N.J. PamowN. Vey Rev. f. RAnhONP *hS ViRm Prmldoat. inj Rev. T. KOmaun. 4.120mm Bev. T. J. SYmr r3.P' o ~n aht 3r. JoEN T. Guamoxs. - Mr. JoHl MOCCAYIRY. 31r. Jomar HEmausow. , ý f M ir All emmaloetloar to b0Oddrswd to the of O-w.looooo. - - A arlaM-f-. Pablios~m ous*-3r . o r~ o tew. "HO BEAUTIFUL ARE THE FEET OF THEM THAT BRING GLAD TI HUGS OF GO~D THINIGSZ" VOLUME IV, NEW ORLEANS. SUiNDAY MORNING, J AR 14, 1871.' / UNB .M. U I - ~IT--fl WAUIIfl,,fl , UW .W w w~ I .n~~r .-S~l..- ...1*- - -~1~·;0~ Wxnlng Star and Catholic Messenger, SEW ORIT.A3s. SUNDAI. JASUARY 14. 515. RoME, Dec. 7.-ThePiedm ment ia trying for the moment, a policy of what it would wish to have honored with the name of moderation. It has great dread of the Pope being absolutely obliged to abandon Rome or of his delivering one of his oatspoken denouncements, which make known to the world the futility of its schemes to bring about reconciliation or resignation. With this view, it seems now probable that the Bishopate ly appointed will be allowed, without further Interfer ence about the "exequatur," to take pos session of their residences, and to enjoy, for the present, the miserable remnants of income which the State has not yet absorb ed. For the same reason, the bill for the final suppression of religious houses ia like ly to be deferred, and even certain portions of houses already seized upon have been restored to the use of their former occu pants. On the other hand, it seems impos sible to save the Jensuit noviciate on the Qurinal from desecration, and notice has been given of the intended occupation of it .by the Piedmontese next Sunday. A part of it is .to be turned into stables for Victor Emmanuel. The notice baraot in eluded the adjoining South Amerliean Col lege. As the uprooting of Catholic education is a chief object with the Government, every opportunity is taken of inventing an excuse for, suppressing a school, to substitute in its place an establishment for the perver sign of the population. A school of the Brothers of Christian Doctrine has just been ordered to be closed at Civita Vec chia, on the ground that immoralities had taken place among the religious, and that a brother had been obliged to be expelled. The brother in question had been removed in the usual course by his sauperior and employed elsewhere, but no irregulari iea had taken place, no fault had beenjound there had been no expulsion. In co tion with this affair a little incid occur red affecting diplomatic - ions. A French bship, L'Orino -Civita Vecchia, to be at d sal in case of possi ble emergenci . It so happened that the children '-the crew of thii vessel were am pg e number of those who attended t school. The summary way in which / they were deprived of tihe means of Catho lic edeucation gave rise to an applicatftto their consul on the part of the French commander,and he insisted that the schools should be open at least for the children of the crew. Complaints were made to the French Government of what was consider ed unwarrantable interference by their agent in Italianm affairs. The French Gov ernment at first denounced the acts of their consul, but, on further explanation being rrceived, the matter has been reopened, and is at present the subject of correspon dence between the two Governments. A similar case of the summary closing of a school of the Brothers of Christian Doc trine has recently occurred at Tivoli. Not long ago, a parody on the Litiny of the Blessed Virgin was song, or rather yelled, nnder the very windows of the Palace of the Cardinal-Vicar. Ionstead of the usunal petitions were substituted the names of various ecalesiastical dignitaries, and the place of the Ora pro nobis was sup plied by a series of insulting epithets, and a variety of imprecations which were in voked upon the personages previously named. Although suach a scene was a most painful annoyance and shock to the sur rounding neighborhood, it was allowed to be carried on for along time, and to a very late hour of the night. A lithograph cari cature portrait of the Holy Father is just now to be seen, framed and exposed in the mop of one of-our princigal tobaooonists. Respect forbide me to describe it. For some time past an oil-painting has been exhibited in the Corso, representing the Pope, ja his cassock and stole, walking fhmiliarly with Victor Emmanuel. As evidencing the refined tastes of Vic tor Emmannel, it is stated, on good au thority, that he has had the library re moved from the Quirinal, whieh is now his residence. One of the pioture galleries he has had turned into a shooting gallery, and the delightful small court-yard, with its gushing fountain, he has surrounded with small kennelis for the use of the numerous hantini dogs of his Majesty. California bricks must be rather soft, for we are told that a couple of convicts made their way with a spoon through the ten-inch wall of San Francisco jail last week. --isumAWZOVi 11IB5 NEWS. REPRESENTATIOI or OGLWAY. The landlords of Galway have deter mined to support Capt. ''rench for Parlia ment, in opposition to Capt. Nolan, who is orted by the clergy and the people. The Dublin :sMon, of the 6tlh unit., says: " The toscin has sounded in the West; the landlords have declared for war; and the army of coercion, with its-camp followers of bailiffs and drivers in all their despic able array, has taken the field against the electors of Galway. The "gentry" bsve planted their declaration; and, crowbar in hand, they stand before the people leagued in an alliance of terrorism, and a sa owed by the flag of class ascendency and territo rial despotism. The hope that the land lords of Galway, impressed by the unani mous front presented by priests and people on behalf of the National candidate, would have shrunk from a conflict with forces so united and so powerful is dissipated. The expectation harbored by many that the Galway squirearchy would prudently ab stain from a confliet in which they could only succeed through means associated with the blackest deeds of landlord tyr rany is finally displaced. The 'gentry' will 'have a contest in Galway, and they shall have one which will be remembered in abame and bumitl 3 tselves and thir coagene ss W seam the ranks of the opposing WSeI the first glance at their proportions is conclusive. On the one hand, rallying to the watch word of extermination, we have 'the gentry' and the toadies, landlordism and its tiil; on the other, -we have bishops, priests and people, united heart and hand in a just and a-glorious cause. Team a Clonfert, Galway and Kilmsodu d shoulder to shoulder, ra n to the same noble impul, ed with the same patriotic spi he struggle can have but one g. Te principlea of Restoratio be upheld in tinumph by the el of Galway, and the schemes of ' gentry' will wither into dust, blasted y the unqualling glance of the people." SIR RICHARD WALLACE AND THE HERTFORD ESTATES. Sir -Richard Wallace has issued an ad dress to the tenantry on the Hertford es tates in the counties of Antrim and Down, in which he states AtAt, .. t.. ....sl. e advice of connsel, he has commenced and will prosecute an appeal to the Court of Exchequer Chamber against tihe judgment of the Court of Common Pleas in Dublin on tihe 4th inst. Sir Richard states that be hopes to obtain a decision reversing that Judgment, and he warns the tenantry that should they pay rent to the defendant, Sir George Hamilton Seymour, in the mean time, and before the final. termination of the litigation, they will run the risk of having to pay such rent over again in the event of an ultimate decision in his (Sir Richard Wallace's) favor. DEATH OF A VETERAN PARISH PRIEST. The Freeman records the death, at the patriarchal age of eighty-one, of the Rev. Michael Lennon, P.P., of Tulak. Trained for the holy ministry in our great national college of Maynootlh,. he was ordained is the Pentecost of 1818. He thus spent up wards of half a centory laboring unceasing ly in the vineyard of his Master. Father Lennon was for years C.C. of Athlone, eight years P.P. of Oran, and forty-one years P.P. of Tulak, where his ashes now repose, and where his memory shall be held in benediction from generation to generation. EVICTIONS. During the month of December no less than nibeteen notices of ejectment have been served in the townlande of Leightown and BSanrlockstown. One of the parties served is a Mrs. Nicoll, a widow, and sis ter-in-law to the Rev. John Nicoll, P.P., of Kells, and Roman Catholic Archdeacon of Heath. This, I understand, and another aetion will be defended. LORD WATERFORbD'S ESTATES. The Marquis of Waterford's Londonder ry estates were sold by action under a de cree of the Landed Estates court, before the Hon. Judge Lynch. The sale took place in the Nist Prius Court, which was densely crowded. The property was di vided in 121 lots, and realized £234,262. Three seats at the National Board of Education which recently became vacant by the deaths of Lord Dunraven and Sir Maziere Brady and by the resignation of the Resident Commissioner, the Right Hon. Alexander McDonnell, have just been filled up. The three new Commissioners are the Protestant Primate (Dr. Beresford), Lord Monck. and Mr. P. J. Keenan, Chief of In spection. The last named gentleman is appointedResident Commissioner, and is the first Catholic who has held that oeffice. IIOM RULE ASSOCIATION. It was, perhaps, fortunate that the meet ing of the. Home Goverament Assoelation, which was fixed for Tuesday, gave that body an opportunity of giving expression in a marked manner to that which we know to be the national feeling with reference to the illness of the Prince of Wales. Imme diately on the chair being taken, Mr. Butt proposed the adjournment of the meeting as a mark of respectful sympathy with the grief of the Royal household. -The motion waa seconded by Mr. Smyth, M. P.; for Westmeathri-ad-wascarried unanimously amid the warmest expressions of approval from all present. Although, in consequence of the expectation that such an adjourn ment would take place, the meeting waa not so crowded as usual, the attendance was quite large enough to make this reso lution a fair expression of popular opinion. Mr. Butt spoke truly when he raid that suanch a mark of respect and sympathy for the sorrow and anxiety of the -Royal mourners would command the approval of the whole Irish nation.-Freeman, Dec. 16. The great meeting which was to have been heid in Dublin on the 12th ult., for the purpose of expressing the popular will on the subject of education, was postponed by Cardinal Collen on account of the seri oua illness of the Prince of Wales. AxoTUrn Foasuw ][insei x ENg LAND.-A very large con gaon assem bled at St. Ann's C , Spitalfields, on the evening of 28th of November, to witness the emn ceremonifes which took place s occasion of the departure of t v. Fathers Leforestier, McGuinnesa, nd McCaughley, as well as several Bro -there of the Congregatin of Mary and Avre Nuns, to the distant Missions of Oceanica. Very Rev. Father Chaurain deseribed how the earliest Missionaries, the Apostles, went fortlh in obedience to the instractions of their Divine Master to teach all nations. Every age and every country had its own Missionaries. St. Patrick preached in Ire land, St. Augustine in England, St. Boni face in Germany, St. Francis Xavier in In dia and Japan. The three fathers, four brothers and five sisters, who were now going forth to carry the word of God to distant nations, were connected with differ ent countries. The greater part were Irish but some were French, some English, and one Scotch. The- preacher related many interesting facts connected with sla own experience in the Missions of Oceanicas. In 1845 he and several other Missionaries, with their Bishop Mgr. Epalle, landed on one of the isles. While they were dis coursing with the natives, a cry suddenly arose from the multitude, and the venera ble prelate immediately fell a martyr. The lifeless body of the Bishop was res cued from the natives and conveyed to the ship which lay at anchor near, for the na tives had fled in terror on hearing the re port of a gun Bfired by one of the sailors. The preacher gave an account of the mar tyrdom of the Rev. Father Charmel. The sufferings and glorious martyrdom of ser eral lay-brothers were also described. Some of the Missionaries hlad to live jest like the natives, and when the Bishop of the South Sea Islands was met by those who were sent with the Bull of his ap pointment to the spiscopate, heo was found covered by a common blanket. Those who were now gonlog forth were not destined for such sufferings as those who had first landed on the islands. But in addition to a long and dangeraous yage they would have moch to endure for the enemy of God and of man wonuld do everything in his power to impede and prevent their sueoo cess. " THE NUN or KENrARE."-Miss Mary Cusack, whose contributions to Irish literature have exerted such a great ind eoce, is a convert to the Catholic Church. She was born in Dublin in 1832, and was a member of a Protestant " Sisterhood" five years. She joined the Poor Clares fifteen years ago, shortly after her conversion and gave her large fortune to education and charity. She has written thirty works, among them benlog an illustrated History of Ireland, Life of St. Patrick, History of Kerry. She is now writing alife of O'Cou neU and also an illustrated history of Cork. She is known in religion as Sister Mary Francis Clare, and pursues her labors at the Convent of Kenmare, in the county Kerry, which was founded in 1861, by its present Abbess, Miss Mary O'Hagao, Sister of Lord O'Hagan, the first Catholico who has held the ofoe of Irish Lord-Chancellor for over two hundred years, and who has been erected Peer of Great Britain during Mr. Gladstone's administration. A Western paper thinks that women wqald ot make good statesmen. "The question of the sge!-alwsys troubles them. lad 3reugha>mf Ma 0ateaspsrsry tatasmes. TI,. last voleum8dtae late Lord Broug ham's autobiography contpis some very interesting pertatlt remiliecusnc of the leading stat n q te o e x-LnodChancel lor's era. VJeiappeod his sketches of Lords Grey and 'Palpnerton: - Lord GTregGrey retained his faculties entire, and iter got mellowed .y ago. I had knovwn litn O'p6ttl io intiaely for twenty-yyas We.ea sA Ce or twice nearly split on, a.cep t, of fia Wh ig-Uke adherence to that .vil Whig pruneple, " The party everythilg, the ceont little or notlhing,unleasseen tsrough part"eyes." Then came 1827, the junction pith Can ning, which I advocated and helped to form, and whichr jnetaM6on broke u tbbdold Tory party, and ma l'a rent an It that en abled as to .sry Catholio Emancipat and Reform, _ p-talents as a tsr were of a very hi but not of highest order. Bisrepla. Octo 881, on the Reform Bill ws wo rfl, considering his age--0S-and having, after elting five nights I to, spoken at 6 in the mornin is *aane was excellent, 1both in u and but 1ue wantea acl Inmen with personal do he could not . ;fborswa a vers lucidM and , and sas. times powe ppea s to the feblings powerful, beause evidently sincere. Can ning's appeals were all from the month, never from the heart. His reply was generally less able. In Cabinet, Grey was the best of all col leagnee-modest, unsparing of hlmself, firm when pet up to it, perfectly free from all vanity, full of resources-next to Pal merston the fulleet perhaps-and perfectly fair and above-board. But his weakness for his family was grievous and produced i the not unfounded charge of nepotism. He once even sounded me on making his nephew, Sir George Grey, Solicitor-Gener al, knowing that. he scarcely ever had held I a brief, and that few in or out of the pro- a fession knew he belonged to it. Of course I would not hear of it seriously. He com-. plained most of the attacks of the Times on this score of nepotism. But his great I vice as a Minister and party chief was the a low fit he was periodically seized with; I once a month hlie was for resigning, and in- I sisting on the Government being broken I up. Lanedowne, Dover, and I frequently . kept him in by main foree. This love of i resigning was always during the first half a of the Session. Towards the end lie was willing to stay Ino, because then he had the I long vacation before him. Lord Palmerstorn.-Lord Palmerston was a man of great ability, and one of those who, having all their lives been in ofise, was invaluable in such a Governmentas ours, which chiefly failed in men accustom ed to busTuesse. Palmerston had been a member of almost all Ministries since 1804, 1 and his talents for office were of the highest order. He became from mere ncid.lest a Reformer and a Whig, having j..*iwd Can ning, and continued with Huskison, when the Duke got rid of the Canning remains. I never knew a man whom it was more agreeable to act with; for lie was firm, and even bold; quite steady to his friends; in different to abuse; full of resource; using his pen better and more (quickly than al most anybody; and not punctilious or vale, or standipg trpon trifles and personalities. He is by far the most important acessieeon the Whigs ever made from-the Tory ranks. I highly approve his foreign meddling; but I speak of his general talents. Yet Mel bourne was as near as possilble losing him in 1835, and only on the usual Whig I principle, because he was the object of abuse, and especially of newspaper attack. I have no doubt thas Holland joined is this mistaken view of the "Interests of oar party." Melbourne confessed to me while at was going~oz that he had great dIfacult ies; and the answers Palmersten made to them I eould plainl] perceive were given to Melbourne throgh his sister now mar ried to Palmerston, and who ought his battle ably and stoutly with her brother. The want of sunch able men of business was i a grievous evil to the Whige. They had no habits of businese, as Ministers of the first class. Their immediate subordinates were as useless as such men could well be. Then the permanent ones-under-secretaries and 4 clerks-who really knew their trade, were 4 all extremely hostile; -and on any vacancy in the latter occurring by death or super annuation, a retired host of adversaries was ready out of which must be taken those to fill up the blank when a pension could be saved. To such a Government a man like Palmerston was invaluable. He gave unisersal satisfaction to all of as except Durham, who wanted to turn him out, in order to get his place. With foreign Mn iasters and with his oletal under-secretarles I have always beard be was unpopular. But as hisl temper was excellent, I think this must have been aoIdental. Andeat usgtad. Towards the clse of She dbhth ceontury the house of Abbat was founded on the banks of the Tigris, the metropolis of the ahoomnedan faith. Bagdad arose io the midst of a scene filled 7ith the fame, of edwclties. Not far of was Baby still faintly traced out on Its ate plain, the stbnue pictures of N ob, and the palaces of [4o cia * olo still were the lofty towers of Meyd he falea cities, It is said, were ed to complete the grandear oft cred capital the Baracena preyed the last labors o the Assyri ans, the wealth of the Moslem world the conquered Christians were em ployed in providing a proper be-. for the-viceregent of heaven. Mahomme writers labor with vain epithets to point the splendor of Bagdasd' whe,-uder the vigorous -raule of Harod-*al-Sacbid, and hisvtIter, Jadfler it saddenly outstrpped An prosperity ano holiness all earth ries. It bras the central shridoe of th 'oslem faith. The commander of the faIthful ruled oevernits people. The power ofaraui wa felt distaffl pd,ý i the Indw; pet~PJ:T ebairUafEgypt and led imaces sears of BSgad d; the Christian Are worshiper, the Brahmin and the Jew Ailled its prosperous streets. 'It is not probable, therefore, that the Arab ac counts are greatly exaggerated. Bagdad possessed a powerful oitadel, a circle of lofty walls, a royal palace on the Tigris, where endless halls were adorned with all the graces of Saracenlo architecture, and mosques of unrivalled sptendor. It was the most populous city of an age when Rome was a half-deserted ruin, when Lou-n don and Paris were barbarous towas, and Charlemagne was vainly striving to make his capital, in the wilderness of Flanders, acentre o western progress. The humane ppirit of early Mahommedanism had filled Bagdad with hospitals, dispensaries, and edifices of public charity. The private bousrs of its wealthy merchants were I adorned with marble and gold. The grace ful court was filled with fountains, rich hangings of silk, and velvet covered the lofty walls. Divans of satin and tables of t costly workmaubshl the riohtst fruits and I flowers, and the ricacst wines and viands, set off those costly Janquets at which the degenerate deacendants of Mahlommed dc lighted to viofato every principle of their austere law. But still more regparkable was the intellecteal position of the eastern capital. The renown of Babylon or Nineveh had been altogether material; the children of thedesertsurrounded themselves with all the refitementeof literatureand the arts. The wealthy Arabs were educaeted in poetry, music and languages; comsnoa schools were provided, at which the humb lest citizens might learn to read ando wrlse with accuracy the favorite precepts of the Koran. Colleges, taught by professors 'of eminent attainments, drew in throngs of students. Libraries, enriched by the spoils of Greek and Roman thoeght, teeminog with countless volumes, awoke a booadless ardor for letters. TheArab annals abound with notices of famous scholars, renowned in every ison where the Arabic was spoken; of poets, historians and men of science, who had charmed the advancing intellect of the hobildren of Arabian sands. The caliphs of Bagdad were as eager to dis cover a lost manuscript or to enlarge their well-stored libraries as Cosmo or Loreaso; the Patriarechs and Boecacolos of the Mo homedan capital were rewarded with use ful bounty, and were the friends of princes and emia. Bagdad became the centre of a vigorous mental progress whose impulse was at length felt In all the barbarous capitals of Christendom. Tea-.grqwing is now carried on in various parts of the South with considerable soc cess. A gentleman In Wilmington, North Carollnhas successful ly replants and cured tea, which he elaims eannos be ex celled in Savor by the imported article. lie obtained the plants from the Agricultural Bureau of the Patent-Oice, previous to the war, and TIeir number has inereased every year, the latter plants being fuolly I equal in every respect to those first grown. 4 Succesrial experiments have also recently been made in South Carolina, Tennessee and California; and the climate of several other sections of the United States is well adapted to this plant. California, especial ly, seems to possess peculiar advantages in i bthis respect, and tea-ealture has already 4 commenced among- the Chinese who have I settled there, and with the most encourag ing results. Yailamens Uatask A young lady out Weat 5t 1mhe-4ateoher dad s out in explanation of that v -usbeesf erfrmanoe that her ad bad btesem oat the a of matdebk aso see la nes is l -blood iad man- ainor aci am log of ef-- meotheresi.w4 beauue r are more ratiosnl trotu ltiaflb. an action; nof Is it at all aro 4 * 141", invarllerruril t V of readiggliU saifi sO -r this dngseops 'and In ammcabl. mect *"I. be so dlrefa4 and bloodye aad yet theis-l no doubt that the moral natate: f 1he young is in theusasdeof eases dIstets. and rendered Iancuably. morbid by pet nicious "readin. Boy. becoms.e enmred of a life of e leas adventurwsby-folloi the bandits ando outlews of cheap ue v through the thrilingm scenes of ttbeiJa at careers, and long to Imitate the ist an heroes wiiu. ij fan.s acquainLted. Hundreds olbeys rub away ritgo to sea because their "mimadi are derangen" on the subject-of-the cllitr and gry of life on the ocean wp ve Guilless maidens become affbcted sand maundering doll-blbi s i atbnt a praopidshi ade ae beaopia bes tLie a c aitufi d ighly esiorleeeg..' edstS*ii a bcwZ . e the ~oughs and st wield give graes tlad attraetlvenress to life which they are deatied to pursue. They fall to see the attractions that er. round their pathway because their eyes are axed dreamt!, on others, gaudy and 'neap but fascinating to their morbidvi on, which have no real existence. Their views of life are unhealthy, and they have no power of jdging sensibly of their aetes? duties and responslbilities. How rmuch of the experience that results in separationas. divorces, suicides, and all manner of wretchedness, has its origin in this dieesee state of mind no man can calculate. Hos many of the frivolitis, follies and ahberdi ties of society are due to the same ease is a problem dlmecls to solve; and how mall a proportion of the reading race are to a perfectly a0ond state of intellect and mor als we dare not estimate. Of course a highly edifying seamo. might be given on this subject, but we sos- - tent ourseulves with observing hat tb great want of men and women wbo are given to much reading is common sene-. They read themselves out of the woald In, which they onught to live, move, sad !lare their being, into another io wbhich there Is no exercise of that valuable facnlty. No matter how omnivorous areader uaj be, there is always enough wholesoe aliment to satisfy his craving; bat in too - many cases while a child he is permitted to acquire a morbid appetite for perueeious trash. Parents that would be orses' stricken if their-children fed, dayby day, on nauseous garbage or slow pisoner to the utter destruction of their pysical digos and the derangement of their l*,dilyalne tions, allow them to devoar omsances and stories that are no more healthtful to the mind than such repulsive diet would be to the body, and that, too, when it is part of their religion that the mindis a-immestal - part, on whose trainiong here the happiness or misery of a long hereafter depend.e EB all means encourage a hearty appetite f6r mental food; but let it he wholesome and nourishing, and not merely stimunlating or poisonous, and we shall have less dcrime and miser and greater security for motherse in-law.-Ž'. Y. World. A case recorded among the archives of the Bnkaloconrts Illustratessadmirably ss . " glorious uncertainty of so lawP." - a - earching for stolen goods, a trunk beloeg" lag to the plaintiff was fIbreed open without a search warrant and a piece of a 8sanael shirt out off. Actual damage @3 50. An setion for damages was commenced, and. the jury found for the plantitf, damages $50; costs, $8 05. The defendant appeal ed and In 1867 the opinioo of the esurt was: "No cause of action." Plalatlf thea appealed, was granted a new trial, and o.- - tamed a verdict of 435 and costs, which - latter iteaby this time amounted to 30 5 08. Defendant appealed again; the ceeta were again taxed, and behold they had ino creased to $242 05. Now this wa-not sat ilsfactory. Technical errors were discover- - ed and a new trial granted. Mark the wis- dom of the Jury. A verdict was givren for the plaintiff; damages $100, costa $3Gb At this point the "shirt tail" having reach ed a value of $460 the defendants thought it about time to stop,and so the case ended. But just think what the value of that piece of flannel might have been if litigatios had, been continued. There are 80,000 disrent shades in ribbons.-