The weekly Republican., May 18, 1911, Image 2

About The weekly Republican. (Plymouth, Ind.) 1911-1922

Image provided by: Indiana State Library

                
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Cow Pees and Soy Deans for Forage
for Grain and for Soil Improvement
Br PROF. A.T. WINOCKO
Soil and Crop Department Purdue Experiment Station
PURDUE. UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
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A Fine .Field xf Soy Bea
Eyery farmer who feeds live stock
should become acquainted with ! the
py tean and cow pea, as often one or
the other might be used to good ad
vantage.' Both are leguminous plants
rich In protein and make excellent
crops for supplementing carbonaceous
feeding stuffs, such as corn. Being
annual plants of rapid growth, they fit
easily into a variety of rotations anJ
may often be used as emergency crops
where few other things would fit it.
Both crops are excellent soil im
provers, as they gather large quanti
ties of nitrogen from the air and have
an especially beneficial effect upon
the physical, condition of heavy soils,
making them loose and mellow. As
ren manuring crops for improving
run down soils, they are unexcelled,
elnce they will add large quantities of
nitrogen and several tons of organic
matter, to the soil, besides Improving
Jts physical condition and making oth
er plant food more available to suc
ceeding crops. Both, and especially
the cow pea, may be used to good ad
vantage to take the place of clover in
the rotation when the latter fails. The
cow pea will make excellent hay to
take the place of clover, while. If hay
is not needed, the soy bean may be
used as a grain crop.
As cover crops, both may be used
to good advantage. When sown after
wheat or oats harvrst, with fair mois
ture conditions, tfcey will yield from
ten to fifteen tons of green matter per
acre, containing from fifteen to twenty
An
Escelle
By PROF. P. H. CRANE
Dairy Department Purdue Experiment Station
PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
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Flerenci
Tüe Ayrshire cow, Florence Mel
rote. No. 18975, the property of Pur
due Experiment station, has just com
pleted an authentic yearly record that
reflects credit upon the breed as well
as the cow.
"Her record, is not only sufficient to
place her; in the Advanced Registry,
but is sufficient to bring her up to
near the front rank of tested Ayr
sbires. Her yearly test began March 51.
1910, ' and was completed March 30,
1911, during which time she produced
12369.4 pounds of milk and 483.18
pound of butter fat, her average test
for- the year being 3906 per cent.
Florence Melrose shows wonderful
capacity, which is provided by a long,
frep body and extremely wide spring
of rib. She shows a wide-awake dis
position as indicated by a bright eye
and stylish carriage. Her chest is deep
with a broad floor assuring a strong
constitution. Her back is strong and
straight and rump leveLwith a smooth
UÜ setting. She carries a large, well
baped udder with teats of convenient
flze and evenly placed.' The milk
Tcins are fairly large and tortuous, ex
tending well . forward to large milk
Florence Melrose was fed largely
pcn fll2o hay, clover hay,
nt on the Purdue Farm.
dollars' worth of nitrogen, which may
be turned under in fall or spring for
the succeeding crop-
Oti fertile soils, the cow pea, sown
In May, will easily produce from two
to three tons of excellent hay per
acre, having a feeding value fully one-
half greater than clover hay. Under
similar conditions, the soy bean will
readily yield 20 bushels of grain per
acre, containing about thirty per cent,
of digestible protein, which is excel
lent for mixing with corn to Improve
the quality of the ration, especially for
hog feeding.
As a general rule, the best time to
sow cow peas and soy beans is alter
corn planting is finished and the soil
has become thoroughly warm. They
should be sown In drills and cultivated
like corn until the soy bean blooms
and the cow pea begins to vine. The
rows should be 32 Inches apart for the
soy bean and 24 inches apart for the
cow pea, and both seeded at the rate
of 25 to 30 pounds of seed per acre.
Seeding may be done with a wheat
drill set at two bushels per acre on
the wheat scale, with the holes not
needed stopped up. Thick seeding is
'detrimental to seed production. For
hay production, on mellow soil free of
weeds, the cow pea may be sown
broadcast at the rate of a bushel to a
bushel and a half per acre to secure
the best results."
The cow pea is usually best for hay,
while for grain the soy bean will
usually be most profitable.
nt Ayrshire Record
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Mrlreso.
blue grass pasture, ground corn,
ground oats, bran and oil meal.
She is an economical producer and
a good breeder, being due tol freshen
again this month.
Husk and Cob Meal for Horst.
Corn-and-cob meal seem to be a
very good feed for horses, as the pres
ence of the cob makes the feed a trifle
more bulky, yet I fear that the addi
tion cf the husks would make the feed
too bulky for horses at hard work. It
does . seem, however, that crushed
snapped com would make an efficient
and economical feed for wintering
horses doing little work The saving
of the labor of husking and shelling Is
a factor worthy of consideration when
help Is scarce. :
Duckt Destroy Grasshoppert.
Isaac W. Coombs 'of West Bath, Me.,
who was greatly bothered by grass
hoppers last year, turned 75 ducks
loote on his farm and they cleaned up
the hoppers completely.
Trees for Umbrella Handlet.
Nearly five hundred acres of ground
near Paris are devoted to' raising
young trees of peculiar shapes for um
brella handlet. r
SPRAYING THE
FARM ORCHARD
By PROF.M. W. RICHARDS
Horticultural Department Purdue
Experiment Station
Purdue Unhenily Agricultural Extension
In the past the farm orchard has
been an important feature in the com
mercial apple output of the state. To
day the majority of the apples .sold
on the market are produced in large
commercial orchards. The reason for
this change can be attributed to the
increase of insect and fungous pests
and to the neglect of the farmer in
caring for his orchard. The produc
tion of fruit fit for either market or
home use from this time on, will de
pend largely on intelligent spraying.
The Outfit.
No thorough Job. of spraying can be
done without a satisfactory outfit. A
good outfit for the average home or
chard should consist of a barrel
pump, 25 or 30 feet of food hose, and
eight to ten-foot extension rod and a
1
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F"ig. 1 Home Spraying Outfit. Pump
Is Mounted In th Barrel and Is Haul
ed About on the Stone Boat. Note
the Long Lead of Hose and Extension
Rod. Nozzle of the Large Circular
Type Producing Spray of Large Vol
ume and Misty Character.
nozzle. The pump and the nozzle are
the vital parts of the outfit. A pump,
to be satisfactory, should be capable
of developing at least 85 pounds'
pressure; it should possess a good
agitator and a large air chamber; the
valves should be easily accessible and
should be protected by a strainer. A
pump which answers these require
ments will be a good one, regardless
of who manufactures it. The main
points to be considered In the nozzle
are that, it should be light end com
pact; It should produce a mist rather
than a sprinkle; and it should not
drip. With such an outfit mounted
on a sled or stone boat (Fig. 1), th
average farm orchard can be well
taken care of.
Spray Solutions.
The materials which are applied to
the trees vary with the pest to be con
trolled. Scale is controlled by Spray
ing when the trees are dormant. The
time for this Is now past. In the sum
mer, pests which Infest the fruit and
attack the foliage are the ones to be
contended with. Such pests fall un
der two classes chewing insects and
fungus diseases. These enemies may
be overcome at the same time by the
use of a combined insecticide and
fungicide. The materials most used
at present are "dilute lime-sulphur or
Boardeaux mixture for the fungous
troubles and arsenate of lead for the
chewing insects.
Lime-sulphur can either be made
at home or purchased as a commer
cial mixture. For small orchards of
100 trees or less, it is advisable to
use the commercial solution as It Is
more convenient than the home-made
mixture and almost as cheap. Ar
senate of lead is usually bought al
ready prepared. It comes In the form
Fig. 2 Proper Time for Flnt Spray
ing. Applet Should Be' Sprayed Jutt
After Leaf Buds Open at a Preventive
Against Scabby Fruit, t
t- ' ' " :. ' ' '
of a heavy paste (or sometimes as a
powder) and is uted at the rate of
two pounds of arsenate to every 50
gallons of spray material. The llme
tulphur is diluted at the rate of 1 H
gallons of commercial mixture to 50
gallons of water. - The arsenate is In
soluble and must be thoroughly work
ed up in a small amount of water Jo
the consistency of cream before It
Is added to the lime-sulphur or Bor
CaHH aft'
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deaux. This combination of lime-sulphur
and arsenate of lead will con
trol the majority of the fungous dis
eases and all of the chewing insects
which infest the fruit and leaves dur
ing the summer season.
Time of Application.
In order to insure a crop of perfect
fruit, the spraying operations should
be started early so that the poison
will be on the trees before the pests
arrive. The first spray should be ap
plied just after the leaves come out
but before the blossoms open (Fig. 2).
This is -the most Important spraying
for the apple scab and should be care
fully done. The second application Is
made just after the petals fall (Fig. 3)
while the calyx lobes are still wide
open so that the calyx tube may be
filled full of the poison. This is
where the mjrjqrity of the apple
worms enter the fruit and great care
should be exercised to fill each blos
som with spray material. The third
application is made two or three
weeks after the second with the same
materials and the fourth about the
last week of June. This spraying may
be omitted on the early apples as It
Is applied for the second brood of the
codling moth. If these four applica
tions of the llme-sulphur-arsenate of
lead mixture are thoroughly applied
at the proper times, the farm or
chards of today will produce better
fruit than ever before.
Cost of Spraying.
A good, reliable spray outfit suit
able for the home orchard can be pur
chased for from $15.00 to $25.00. It
has been demonstrated that the cost
of material, time and interest of
money Invented in outfit does not
come to more than 25c per tree for
s
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Fig. 3 Apple Cluster Showing Ap
ples at Correct Stage for Second or
Apple Worm. Spraying. Young Fruit
Standing Up With Calyx Lobes Wide
Open Ready to Receive Maximgm
Dose of Poison.
the season's spraying. As a result of
this investment of 25c, the amount
of marketable fruit is increased from
83 to 95 per cent. When the general
farmer care? for his orchard as he
cares for his other crops, he almost
invariably finds that the orchard is
not only the most profitable acre on
the farm, but that winter finds his
cellar full of fruit, as it used to be
before the advent cf the codling moth
and the apple scab.
Cherry Types.
Cherries are divided into two dis
tinct types, Loth as to tree and as to
fruit. We may safely treat them as
the sweets and th? sours. The tree
cf the sweets is habituated to a com
pact, erect growth, somewhat subject
to disease and early mortality. The
tree of the sours is low headed and
spreading. Certain varieties of this
sort are good bearers and stay in
business from twenty to thirty years.
Sweets are much sought after , by
birds,, as well s.s by people, with a re
sult that much of the fruit has been
claimed by bills presented, collecting
promptly in spite of protest. Sweets
are not generally cultivated in large
blocks in.the Mississippi valley. They
are confined to door yards and by
places about the home, while the sours
are raised to some extent commercial
ly in New Jersey, New York, Pennsyl
vania, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Kan
sas and Nebraska.
Sweet Corn for Home Use. .
I have been planting sweet corn for
several years with a one-horse corn
planter, dropping one grain every 12
Inches asunder in the row rnd the
rows three feet apart. I think I can
raise better and larger corn than by
planting three or four grains by hand
at a single place in rows the same
distance apart, says a writer In an
exchange. As soon as the land is
ready I use a weeder upon it just as
I do on potatoes. This is much better
than a cultivator at first, as.it keeps
the ground finer and holds moisture
better and does not disturb the roots
is much as the cultivator does. For.
i first planting I use some very early'
kind and then follow this with sever
al plantings of. late varieties about
two weeks apart. In this way I suc
ceed in having sweet corn late in the
eason and ' also have abundance for
canning and drying for the home ta
ble. Early Pigs Best.
I like to have my sows farrow In
March and April. If the weather is
good, the pigs can be turned Into the'
pasture during the day when they are
two weeVs old, says a writer In an ex
change. Two or three ears of corn:
dally and plenty "of skimmilk will
make the sows give a good flow of
milk, and the pigs will grow rapidly.
Place some early corn and skimmilk
where the pigs can get It through a
creep, and by the time they are four
weeks old they will eat and drink
Arkansas Dlack Walnuts.
Arkansas' black walnuts and red
oak acorns . will '.be used to replant
the burned forest are of the Pacific
QOrthwait .
ak Pra-' Stare
Farm Weeds and Other Pests
By G. M.
PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION DEPT.
'w&wsysi wmmv&smi msxsmgfsissm
The Weed Problem Solved A Clean
dustry and Co-operation Will Keep
One
The farmer has always had crop
reducing pests of one kind or another
to contend with on the farm, but he
has never had a better opportunity
tban he has now of equipping himself
to successfully contend with and con
trol the wee, insect and fungus ene
mies that work against his success
and prosperity. Wnen one thinks ot
high-priced land. low average yields
of crops, and of the various disad
vantages connected with disposing of
farm products, it Is easy to see that it
never was more necessary than it is
now, to. get the upper hand of these
pests, subdue them, eradicate them if
possible, or if permanent eradication
Is Impossible, then thoroughly con
trol them so as to reduce their rav
ages to a minimum. A fundamental
business principle is to prevent waste,
stop leakages and to beware of misap
propriation and embezzlement ot re
sources. Farm peris occaj.icn Ecr'o.:s
leakage, waste and shrinkage in cut
put Among the very worst of farm pests
are weeds. . It is said that not one
farmer in 50 can give the commonly
accepted name, to say nothing of the
habits, of 20 of our common weeds.
Whether this be so or not, weeds are
increasing at an alarming rate in this
state. Indiana farmers are losing
hundreds of thousands of dollars every
year because of failure to give due at-
Pork JMe in Calle feedi
By PROF. D. O.
Animal Husbandry Department
PURDUE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
Hogs Following Steers in Purdue Experimental Feed Lots.
A great deal of pork Is annually
produced In the cattle-feeding lots of
the state of Indiana., Many cattle
feeders look largely to the pork made
by the hogs following their cattle for
the profit on the cattle-feeding busi
ness. Believing that the .cattle feeders of
the state would like some definite in
formation as to how muoh the hogs
following the' steers Increase the
profit per steer, the an!mal husbandry
department of Purdue university ex
periment station has made a close
study of this phase of the cattle feed
ing bisslness In connection with the
extensive studies of comparisons of
rations for fattening steers which
they: have made during the past six
years."-' - -: : " ' '
The table given below, taken from
the results obtained In the Purdue
steer fef ding experiments of the win
ter 190S-1910,, shows , that the steers
were Jivlded Into 6even lots, each lot
being fed ä' different ration. The ten
steers lri ;each of the lots 1, 2 and 3
were ' followed 'by five hogs, and were
fed no corn ' or other grain in ' addi
tion to that which passed through the
steers. The ten steers In each of the
next three lots were followed by ten
hogs, and the 15 steers in lot seven
were followed by 12 hogs. The hogs
in each 6f the' last four lots were fed
in addition to the corn passed through
the Fleer,' 2,665 "pounds5 of shelled
corüj the' value of which was deducted
from the amount of money received
for the pork produced in each of these
lots.
The profit made per steer without the
pork, with the pork, and the difference
In profit which should be accredited to
the pork, are shown In the last three
columns of the table, respectively.
FEISZ
Field Intelligence, Watchfulness, In
Fields as Free of Weeds as This
Is.
tention to the weed problem as it con
fronts, us today. There are at least
six Indictments against weeds , charg
ing them with being robbers in a very
distinct and definite sense. All these
have been proven true:
1. They rob crops of plant food.
2. They rob crops of moisture.
3. They choke out desired crops.
4. They make every farm operation
more expensive.
5. Farm machinery wears out quick
er on a weedy farm.
6. A weedy carelessly looked after
property is unsightly and repulsive.
7. Weds reduce crop yields as much
as GO or 60 per cent, in many cases.
It has been demonstrated time and
again that much of the loss occasioned
by weeds is avoidable. Irregular, 111
tiired. spasmodic attacks on weeds
will not control them, but vigilance
combined with a determination to
keep them in subjection, and the per
sistent application of methods based
on a knowledge of the habits of the
weeds themselves, will control them.
The necessary information concerning
weeds when they flower, when they
seed, to what extent they seed, how
they propagate, how they spread, their
duration, their comparative noxious
ness is within the every one's reach.
Watch these columns for suggestions
on the control of weeds and other
farm pests.
THOMPSON
Purdue Experiment Station
The results indicate something oT
the value of hogs in the cattie-fceding
lots, and something of the great
waste of feed there would be were
no hogs put to follow the steers.
Tabic Showing the Increase in Profit
cn Steers Due to Fork Made
by Hogs in the Feed Lets
Profit Per Steer.
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No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
No. 6.
No. 7.
.10
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5
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5
10
10
10
12
113.02
10.12
14.64
18.09
12.62
10.49
21,81
$22.89
17.44
21.69
31.15
30.17
I 9.S7
7.32
7.05
13.06
9.13
10.87
8.3S
Hogs were especially high priced
In 1909-1910. This pork, however, was
made in lots that were not paved.
Feeding Pigs.
Care should be taken not to over
feed little pigs. ' Weeks; before wean
ing they will have begua to nibble at
things. A little shelled corn on a
clean floor is relished by them. Ey
the time they are three weeks old the
little fellows should receive as much
milk as they care 'for. To this -shorts
may be added. 'After weaning they
may receive a very definite ration.
Indian Agricultural Colleges.
British India now has two agricul
tural colleges and the government will
establish several more to prepare the
natives for scientific work along that
line.." " "i
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Saftyrdlay.
Lois
Free
BUSINESS CARDS
J. A. WOLTER
Money iolo.m on Farms a rpecialty-
Plymouth, Indiana
ö. F. HITCHCOCK,
DENTIST
Ali ttT cl Dental work enefc aa Crowuiir
Briuge -ori. Piatet and x'dlrRs et any k!ntf,
Omre over J'r-hl' Co. Vruet & ?t vir.. Co B'lt
N. B. ASPINALL
Physiciun and Surgeon
SOS N. Michigan Street.
PLYMOUTH, - - INDIANA
Surgeon to tie Pennsylvania, Vaadalia
and Lake Shore Railroad.
Phone 408
A. C. Richard
Coal and Wood
Office corner Plumb and Harrison Streets-
PI mouth, Indiana.
Dr FM. .Bi-äeitt tR. C.iW. ErRKrrr
DENTISTS
Offee hours S:S0 a. m. to
'2 a. 1 p. r.i. to 5 p m.
Rooms in Burkett Building
PLYMOUTH -INDIANA.
Glasses
They are Eye-Heip3 if Itight; Eye
HurterB and Headache-
Makers, if Wrong.
We Fit 'em Right.
DR. El . R . WOOD
Resident Eyeslcht Socclallst.
Oflice over Overmyer & Aderfiou't"l?hoe tic it
Plymouth. Indiana. Pnmie
Eyes Examined Free
aim iiccuüllicS
Prevented.
I
Glasses ßtte'. at moderate rrice .Vatis-faction
euaraiteei.
DR. J. BURKE & CO., Oploinctrisfs
2:10 South Miohisan Street. Sourh lieu!. In1iaua
Estatli.-iieJ 1000.
No agents or solicitors employed,
TheKanarr liome
A First-Class Phcc to Board
BOARD BY TEE DAY, m C2JEAL
A Specialty of Serving Dinners
Both Week Days and Sundays
Home Cocking and Korae Service
MRS. OLIVE KÄJNARR
41) W. Jefferson st.. Old Vandali-a house
, PHONE 1714
HOURS
1 to 5:30 P.M.
7 to 8:30 P.M.
TELEPHONS
OfTo 402
Residence fiO
DR. H. P. PRESTON
PHYSICIAN am) mm
Special Attent onj fftv to Diseases of
tbe Eye, Ear, Not el Ml Ihroat, Glasses
fitted.
OFFICE: OVER BALL &CO.
PLYMOUTH
Permanent StLdio of Music
PIANO. Pipe Or?a.
Voice and Harmony.
The Very Best Results
Assured.
JAMES H. BISHOP
Studio 109 N. Michigan St.
Above Overmyer fit. Anderson's
Shoe Store.
: : ' If you want your
SPRING SUIT
. early J would advise
:, you to come how and
. .. make your selection..
This insures prompt
delivery. Prices from
, J20.00on up.. ..
BERGMAN, the Tailor.
'ORIA
Eye
CAST
For Infants and Children.
fa Kind Ycii Wm Always
r t t
n
Fred Werozleir,
Proprietor.
7
Bears the
binatiTe or fs?.