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4 •-^^1 •M is I# FABB AND GABDEN. MATTERS OP INTEREST., .TO AGRICULTURISTS. ..Vome (Tp-to-Date Hints Abont Caltlva Hon of tha Soil and Yields Thereof— Horticulture, litlcmlture end Florlcul- Experiments with Wheat. The average of several years' results from seeding at different dates shows that the grain which was sown on or before the ninth of September gave a considerably larger yield of both straw and grain than that which was sown after that (late. The very best yields were obtained from the wheat which was sown in the last week of August. An experiment with different prep arations of winter wheat land has been conducted in duplicate in each of four years. The average results in bushelB of grain per acre of the eight tests are as follows: Twenty tons of farm-yard manure per acre on bare summer fallow, 40.9 crop of peas plowed under, 36.1 bare summer fal low, 83.8 crop of buckwheat plowed under, 29.6. These results show that peas give much better results than buckwheat when used as a green ma nure on land to be used for winter wheat. In an experiment conducted during the past year in growing wheat on grass sod and on clover sod it was found that the former gave 28.2 per cent less in yield of grain per acre than the latter. Ten plots were used for the experiment. The crop of both grass and clover was removed from the land in 1899, after which the land was plowed and the wheat was sown dur ing the first week of September. The experiment will likely be repeated for several years. In each of six years an experiment has been conducted in duplicate by soiling winter wheat broadcast and with a drill The results from sowing the same quantities of seed by the two methods are very similar, the yields per acre being practically equal. It should be understood that the land was in a good state of cultivation when ,the seeding took place, in every case. ik In order to find out the influence of cutting wheat at different stages of maturity upon the quality of the grain for seed purposes, samples were taken from the crop cut at different dates, and these samples were carefully sown upon separate plots. In the average results of these tests made with two varieties in each of five years, it was found that the heaviest weight of grain per measured bushel, and the largest yield of grain and straw per acre, were produced from seed taken from the crop which had been allowed to become very ripe before it was cut. Ji' fo* Horticultural Observation*. We notice in a contemporary a rec ipe for sulphuring apples, by which method they can be kept without can ning. In brief,-the plan is to put the pared and quartered apples in a bar rel in which is to be burned a cupful of sulphur. Until lurther advised our readers should beware of the process. Sulphured fruit is under the ban of medical authorities and is considered bad food. Canning and drying give healthful food products and these proc esses should not be abandoned for one that gives questionable results. s- Now is the time to be preparing for the early radishes and lettuce. To have them early increases their value to the eater. By growing them in a hot bed they can be placed on the table from four to six weeks earlier than if grown in the open ground. Make the bed on the south side of a building, where it will receive all of the sunlight possible, and where it will get little wind. The manure bed may be made in a pit or on a level and covered with a few inches of good loam. The glass should of course slope toward the south to catch the sun and turn the rain. The radisnes can be sown in drills or broadcast, but must be thinned to give room for de velopment Good radishes must be grown rapidly to be tender. W.v* v- At the Ontario experiment station tests with wheat have been a promi nent part of the work. Some of the re sults are reported on as follows: KSi'S' Grape growers have generally paid little or no attention to the question of cross-fertilization of grapes, believ ing most grapes co be sufficiently self fertile to give, a good yield of fruit If other conditions were right. Of late some of our stations have taken up the question and have found that the varieties differ greatly in this regard, some being self-sterile, others only partly self-fertile. The self-sterile va rieties cannot be improved by planting them together, but may be benefited by planting them near the self-fertil izers. However, little definite informa tion exists on this point, and it is evident that a great deal of experi mental work must yet be done to give UB light on the subject Very marked results have already been secured, in dicating that a variety which is more or less Incapable of fertilizing Itself generally falls in the fertilizing of other self-sterile varieties, while on th6 other hand the self-fertile varie ties have usually been successful in fertilizing the self-sterlle sorts upon which they have been tried. Further -investigation is necessary to determine whether any grape may be more suc cessful in fertilizing some varieties than others. Sheep Item** Fergus county, Colorado, has been wrested from the cattlemen by the ehoep raisers and the former have been compelled .to close-herd their stock. Fergus county is credited with more sheep than any other county in the state, 650,000 to 700,000 being consid ered a conservative estimate of their numbers. George Taylor says: "I have found that a little grain of any kind, say a ball bushel for twenty-five or thirty iheep, once a day during the winter. Is a great help towards making both flesh and fleece and good strong lambs In the spring. Feeding ewes wheat should be avoided after lambing or the' lamb* will scour. I have found the feeding of oats highly satisfactory at any time. I do not think anjr domestic animal will respond so Uttle extra feed readlljr to a and care as ihaep." "The Navajo Indians of Arizona are a material factor in the wool market The tribe is wealthy through its flocks. The tribesmen ,are believed to own lit tle short of 1,000,000 head, the care of the flocks and the weaving of wool being almost the sole occupation of the 22,000 Indians. Singular to relate, only a small part of the Navajo wool crop is worked up at home into the wonderful blankets that have made the tribal name famous. Only the coarser and cheaper blankets are now made of the native wool.—Ainslee's. A sheep raiser says: "As soon as the lambs are weaned and the ewes are dried the old ewes should be culled out and sent to the shambles as soon as they are ready. When one has his flock well established and he can afford to cull severely, he ought to do so. In such instances there is no gain in keep ing grade sheep beyond the age of five years for breeding uses. Beyond that age they are not so well fitted to nour ish their young, nor do they fatten as well when they are being prepared for market." American Boraes to Germany* Germany is one of the countries in which American horses have obtained a footing, and the effect upon horse growing there is described in the Ham burger Nachrichton as follows: Importations from America have caused the horse raisers of Holsteln to suffer much of late. A stock com pany has just been formed in Berlin for the express purpose of Importing horses from the United States. The Americans have succeeded in breeding a horse which compares favorably in every way with the Holstein animal, especially in those points so highly prized in a work horse—namely, broad hips and large build generally. The best markets for Holstein horses have always been the provinces of Saxony, Thurlngia and Brunswick. The de mand is created by the large sugar factories. This market has been de creasing of late, owing to American horses being purchased in Berlin. A few days ago this Berlin company shipped a drove of eighty through Hamburg en route for Milan, Italy, where they are to be used on the tram ways. Almost every week a long freight train filled with American horses leaves the Berliner bahnhof for various parts of Germany. In spite of expensive freight and a tariff of $7 per head, the Americans have built up a respectable competition in the Ger man market. Reports from American consuls, both in Germany and elsewhere in Europe, indicate that the conditions described in the foregoing extract are becoming the prevailing ones in many other for eign markets, as well as those of Ger many. At tile Tennessee Dairy Hcliool. Geo. W. Markham, writing to the Farmers' Review from the Tennessee Agricultural college, says: "The short course began January 3, 1H01. There were about thirty-three students at the opening, and some have come since. Much prominence is given to dairying, although all the subjects taken up seem to be very carefully considered. The dairy building is a very fine one and supplied with a large variety of milk testers, cream separators, cheese making outfits, together with ail the other necessary machinery and fixtures required. All the students working in this building are uniformed in white duck suits and they present a neat and businesslike appearance. We are di vided into squads and on different days have instruction in running the boiler and engine, milk testing, churning, and the manipulation of the several types of separators. Besides this, there is work in pasteurizing milk and prepar ing it for the city trade and in the making of cheese. For myself, I have been on Churning, butter making, milk testing, boiler and engine, etc., and 1 have found out that one practice period on churning extending from one to six o'clock has taught me more than 1 ever imagined there was to know about this subject. All the students are delighted with this work and every one is sur prised at the vast amount of informa tion required to run a dairy properly." Weeds In the Garden. Weeds injure growing crops by ap propriating the available plant food, by removing water from the soil, and, in the case of small vegetables, by excluding light While a soil may be very fertile, there seldom is present enough plant food, in the form neces sary for the use of plants, to support a crop of weeds and a crop of vegeta bles at the same time. But weeds usually do the greatest injury by re moving from about the roots of the crop the water needed by it. Not only do weeds require water for their in crease in size, but water is continually evaporating from the surface of their leaves. While they may shade the surface of the soil so as to check evap oration there, the evaporation from their leaves is much more rapid than It would be from the surface of the unshaded soil, if it were properly cul tivated. Thus, the destruction of the weeds by cultivation not only curtails the loss of plant food and of water, but the process produces all the desirable conditions of the soil mentioned above. American Poland-China Record Com pany Sleeting. The twenty-fourth annual meeting of this company will be held in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 1901. The business to be reported will show a great increase over the past tew years. This denotes a great ly increased Interest in the business and should draw out a large meeting of the members of the company. This is always one of the most interesting swine gatherings of the country. The forenoon .will- be devoted to transact ing the regular record business, and the afternoon and evening to the read ing of several papers and discussion thereon. Among those who vlll read papers will be J. J. Furlong, Austin, Minn. G. C. Kenyon, Mt. Carroll, 111. Carlos Fawcett, Sprlngdale, la. C. F. Hood, Battle Creek, la., and H. H. Fay, Coggon, la. For program of other particulars, address W. M. Mc Fadden, Sec'y, West Liberty, la. With over 76,000,000 of population in this country California today stands Isolated, with only 1,600,000 of popula tion, but produclnc in many lines suf ficient for lM,0t0,0M of eoHuttit Corn Stalk Disease. Out In Nebraska they "have Just dis covered?' that corn stalk disease is due to the eating of cOrn smut by cattle going in stalk fields. This is an old story and- a fictitious one as regards smut, which has been fed to cattle ex perimentally In large quantities with out doing them any harm. In fact cat tle have, when so fed, shown a liking for smut and seemed to do well on it with very few exceptions which were npt shown to be due to the smut The writers we have in mind who have been claiming that corn smut was the cause of the disease, make anew plea, however, for they say that smut is "ergotism" of the corn plant, and that the disease therefore is ergotism. This is erroneous in every particular. Corn smut is not ergot, and cattle affected with corn stalk c)isease do not show the symptoms of ergotism. It is true that cattle so affected stagger and show symptoms of toxic poisoning, but they do not have the lesions of acute ergot ism and do not live long enough to de velop the lesions shown by cattle poi soned by ergot, in the latter disease there is gangrene of the tissues and separation of the ligaments, especially above the ankle joints, so that there may be a ring of flesh sloughed off at the place mentioned and exposing the bone. We do not see this in corn stalk disease. In this disease we see cattle become stupid, staggering, feverish, lacking appetite, having diarrhoea or constipation and passing blood in the passages and often blood-colored urine. It is evident that there are two forms of corn stalk disease, one of which is impaction of the stomach, attended with cerebral symptoms as a conse quence of the irritation of the stom ach the other, a toxic poisoning of the blood by some poison of the food, either a fungus one, such as was dis covered and described by Billings of Nebraska, and Burrill of Illinois, or some poison such as might be found when food is undergoing decay or fer mentation. It has been shown in In dia that there exists a condition of the stalks of corn where the joints contain saltpeter in such large quantities that poisoning may ensue from the con sumption of stalks so impregnated, and this condtion of corn stalks might well exist here also, lor It is said to follow the premature drying up of corn around wet places, where cut worms or other insects have killed the plant, or where it has died out as a result of the presence of alkalies in the soil. It would be well to examine some ol the stalks from the iields where the disease has prevailed and see if there be not something of the same sort wrong with the stalks. Certain it is that where com is cut and shocked in proper season there is no trouble fron feeding the fodder to cattle.'We do no hear of the disease where cattle art yarded for a part of each day and fed other foods besides corn stalks with an adequate supply of water and salt Un der these conditions cattle do not suf fer from impaction and at the same time rarely take that form of the dis ease which is characterized by toxic poisoning, hence the way to prevent the cattle from disease in fall and early winter is to manage them prop erly by allowing them to go but a few hours in the stalk fields daily and at the same time providing them with an abundance of water, salt and good food other than fodder and corn. While we do not believe that corn stalk disease is due to corn smut nor to er got, we are not to be understood as ad vocating the feeding of cattle upon smutty corn if it can be avoided, but we do believe that the disease will dis appear where cattle are managed as we have suggested, and without regard to the presence or absence of corn smut from the stalk fields. It will be better still when the wasteful plan of pas turing corn iields instead of cutting them for fodder is done away with throughout the country. The Progress in Fonltry-Keeplnc. Half a century ago poultry-keeping was simply a fashionable amusement and pastime, says American Stockman. The beginning may be said to bq about 1847 to 1850, at the time of the intro duction of the Shanghais. Those who have some knowledge of the history of the past have a fair idea of what poultry has accomplished. The casual observer of years ago saw only enough of it to disgust him with the whole business. Men who were engaged In it saw enough money in it, and as many as had judgment enough to curtail ex penses and reduce stock at the right time came out with a little money and more or less experience, the latter worth perhaps as much in the long run as the money. A great many so-called fanciers, however, went into the busi ness merely for the sake of the specu lation and excitement it afforded, and went out of it without knowing or car ing anything about the ultimate results of the poultry interest at large. Fan ciers of this type (and it is possible that there are a few of them in the business yet) were interested only in the proceeds, with no thought of what poultry breeding has done for the im provement of the general stock of the country, and the increase of the prod ucts of the poultry-yards o^ the na tion. There have always been some fanciers who were true fanciers—not speculators—who worked for nobler ends than merely to make money. The money end, of course, was not lost sight of, but it was not the governing pur pose. The Senate committee on agricul ture has reported favorably on the bill prohibiting the coloring of oleomar garine. The minority on the commit tee has reported a substitute bill, as was done in the House, but it is prob able that it will meet with the same fate as did that substitute. The live stock vraisers committee appeared be fore the Senate committee on agricul ture and did all in their power to prevent favorable action and they were backed up by a committee from the cotton raisers of the South, who were interested because of the amount of cottonseed oil used in the making of oleomargarine. The report of the ma jority says that the bill is desired by the farmers of tho country and that its passage will not interfere to any considerable extent with the interests of the stock raisers and cotton grow ers. A serious malady resembling typhoid Is said to be raging among live stock in the Province of Quebec. Large num bers of both bones and cattle have 'f l'ALMAttJviS SEKMON. MARKS OF THE LORD CHRIST. JESUS On Christina Hcrol»n:—The Great Re ward That Come* to the Faithful So iSer or the Heroes and Mar tyrs of Everyday Life. (Copyright, 1901, by Louis Klopsch.) Washington, Feb. 24.—In this dis course Dr. Talmage praises Christian leroism and tells of great rewards. The text is Galatians vl., 17, "I bear in my liody the marks of the Lord Jesus." We hear much about crowns,thrones, victories, but I now tell the more quiet story of scars, honorable and dishonor able. There are in all parts of the world people bearing dishonorable scars. They went Into the battle of sin and were worsted and to their dy ing day they will have a salification of body or mind or soul. It cannot be hidden. There are tens of thousands of men and women now consecrated to God and living holy lives who were once corrupt but they have been re generated, and they are no more what they once were than rubescence is ema ciation, than balm is vitrol, than noon day is midnight But in their de pleted physical health or mental twist or style of temptation they are ever and anon reminded of the obnoxious past. They have a memory that is de plorable. In some twinge of pain or some tendency to surrender to the wrong which they must perpetually re sist they have an unwholesome remin iscence. They carry scars, deep scars, ignoble scars. But Paul in my text shows us a scar ification which is a badge of honorabl? and self-sacrificing service. He had in his weak eyes the result of too much ,woe' study and in his body, bent and worn the signature of scourglngs and ship wrecks and maltreatment by mobs. In my text lie shows those scars as he de clares, "I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus." Notice that it is not wounds, but scars, and a scar is a heal ed wound. Before the scar is well de fined upon the flesh the inflammation must have departed and right circula tion must have been restored and new tissue must have been formed. It is a permanent indentation of the flesh—a cicatrix. Paul did well to show those scars. They were positive and indispu table proof that with all his body,mind and soul hybelleved what he said. 1 hey were his diploma, showing that he had graduated from the school of hardship for Christ. They were cre dentials proving his right to lead in th? world's evangelization. Not Ashame:! of Scura. Men-are not ashamed of scars got lu battle for their country. No American is embarrassed when you ask him, "Where did you get that gash across your forehead?" and he can answer, "That was from a saber cut at San Juan." When you ask some German, "Where did you lose your right arm?" he is not ashamed to say, "I lost it at Sedan." When you ask an Italian, "Where did you lose your eye?" lie is not annoyed when he can answer, "i suffered that in the last battle under our glorious General Garibaldi." But I remind you of the fact that there are scars not got in war which are just as Ulustrious.' We had in this country years ago an eminent advocate who was called into the presidential cabi net at attorney general. In mid-life he was in a Philadelphia courtroom en gaged in an important trial. The at torney on the opposite side of the case got irritated and angry and in a most brutal manner, referred to the distin guished attorney's disfigured face, a face more deeply scarred than any face I ever saw. The legal hero of whom I am speaking in his closing argument said: "Gentlemen of the jury, when I was a little child I was playing with my sister in the nursery, and her clothes caught fire, and I ran to her to put out the fire. I succeeded, but I myself took fire, and before it was ex tinguished my face was awfully burn ed and as black as the heart of the scoundrelly counsel who on the other side of the case has referred to my misfortune." The eminent attorney of whom I speak carried all his life the honorable scar of his sister's rescue. Rearing: a Family. But why do we go so far for illustra tion, when I could take right out of the memories of some whom I addi-ess in stances just as appropriate? To rear aright for God and heaven a large fam ily of children in that country home was a mighty undertaking. Far away from the village doctor,the garret must contain the herbs for the cure of all kinds of disorders. Through all infan tile complaints the children of that family went. They missed nothing in the way of childish disorders. Busy all day was the mother in every form .of housework and twenty times a night called up by the children all down at the same time with the same conta gion. Her hair is white a long whili before it is time for snow. Her shoul ders are bent long before the appropri ate time for stooping. Spectacles are adjusted, some for close by and same for far off, years before you would have supposed her eyes would need re enforcement. Here and there is a short grave in her pathway, this headstone bearing the name of this child and an other headstone bearing the name of another child. Hardly one bereavement lifts its shadow than another bereave ment drops One. After thirty years of wifehood and motherhood the paths turns toward the setting sun. She cannot walk so far as she used to. Colds caught hang on longer than for merly. Some of the children are in the heavenly world, for which they were well prepared through maternal fidelity, and others are out in this world doing honor to a Christian an cestry. Martvrs All Aronnd Us. People think they must look for mar tyrs on battlefields or go through a his tory to find burnings at the stake and tortures on racks when there are mar tyrs all about us. At this time in this capital city theTe are scores of men wearing themselves out, in the public service. In ten years they will not have a healthy nerve left in their body. In committee rooms, in consultations that Involve the welfare of the nation, 'nder the weight of great responsibili ties. their vitality is being subtracted. J" almost every village of the country you find some broken down state or na tional official. After exhausting hlm- :'«a& self in the public service, rough Ameri can politics kicks him out of congress or cabinet or legislative hall, and he goes into comparative obscurity and comparative want, for he has been long enough away from home to lose his professional opportunities. No man tfcat Was ever put to death by sword or instrument of torture was more of a martyr than that man who has been wrung to death by the de mands of official position. The scars may not be visible, for these are scars on the brain and scars on the nerves and scars on the heart, but neverthe less are they scars, and God counts them, and their reward will be abund ant. The Onseen Scars. In all lands there are veterans of war who may not have had their faca scraped with one bullet or their foot lamed by one bursting shell and who could not roll up their sleeve and show you one mark suggestive of battle, yet carry with them weaknesses got in ex posures to disease along malarial swamps or from many miles of march ing, and ever and anon they feel a twinge of pain, each recurrence of which is sharper or more lasting, until after awhile they will be captured for the tomb by disorders which started 20 or 30 or 40 years before. And their scars are all unseen by human eyes. But those peop'.e are as certainly tha victims of war as though they had been blown up in an undermined fortress or thrust through with a cavalryman's lance. What I want to make out is^ that there are scars which are never counted except as God counts them, and I want to enlarge your sympathies. There is a woman who has suffered domestic injustice of which there is no cognizance. She sp"" nothing about it. An inquisitor's machine of torture could not wring from her the story of Ever_ When we see a veteran in any land who has lost a limb in battle, our sym pathies are stirred. But. oh, how many have in the domestic realm lost their life and yet are denied a pillow of dust on which to slumber? Better en large your roll of martyrs. Better adopt a new mode of counting human salifications. A broken bone is not half as bad as a broker, hpart. Murks of Christian Service* There are many who can, in the same sense that Paul uttered it, say, "I bear in my body the-marha ofj&er Lord Jesus"—-that 'is, for the sake of Christ aiid his cause they carry scars which ikeep their indenture through all time and-all eternity. Do you think that Paul was accurate when he said that? If you have studied his career, you have no doubt of it. In his youth he learned how to fashion the hair of the Cicilian goat into canvas, a quiet trade, and then went to college, the president of which was Gamaliel, an institution which scholars say could not have been very thorough because of what they call Paul's imperfect com mand of Greek syntax. But his history became exciting on the road to Damas cus, where he was unhorsed and blind ed. His conversion was a convulsion. Whether that fall from the horse may have left a mark upon him I know not, but the mob soon took after him and flogged and Imprisoned and mal treated him until he had scars more than enough to assure the truthfulness of his utterance, "I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus." All of Paul's sufferings was for Christ's sake. He had intellectual pow ers which could have achieved for him all worldly successes. You see what he could do in a courtroom when with extemporaneous speech he made the judicial bench tremble when on Mars hill he confounded the Athenian crit ics when he preached aipid the ex citement of a tumbling penitentiary when in a storm at sea he took com mand of the ship, the only one on board cool headed. With his inspired logic, and his courage of utterance, and his power of illustration, and his capa city to move audiences, and his spirit of defiance, there was no height of worldly power he might not have gained. Army or Christian Soldier*. All ye who bear In your body the marks of the Lord Jesus, have £ou thought what use those marks will be in the heavenly world? What source of glorious reminiscence! In that wqrld you will sit together and talk o'ver earthly experiences. "Where did you get that scar?" saint will say to saint, and there will come back a story of hardship and struggle and persecution and wounds and victory through Jhe grace of the gospel. Another spirit frill say to listening spirit, "Where did you get that hurt so plainly marked?" And the answer will be: "Oh, that was one of the worst hurts 1 ever had. That was a broken friendship. We were in sweetest accord for years, together in Joy and sorrow. What one thought the other thought. We were David and Jonathan. But our personal in terests parted, and our friendship broke, never to be renewed on earth. But we have made it all up here, and misunderstandings are gone, and we are in the same heaven, on neighboring thrones, in neighboring castles, on the banks of the s=ame river." Practical Appllratlon. Now what is the practical use of this subject?, it is the cultivation of Chris tian heroics. The most of us want to say things and do things fdr God when there is- no danger Of getting hurt. We are all ready for easy work, for popu lar work, for compensating work, but mMi we all greatly \mce the day of crange blossoms and long white veil she has done licr full duty and re ceived for it harshness and blame and neglect. The marriage ring, that was supposed to be a sign of unending af fection, ha3 turned out to be one link of a chain of horrible servitude. A wreath of nettle and nightshade of brightest form would have been a more accurate prophecy. There are those who find it hard to believe that there is such a place as hell, but you could go right out in any community and find more than one hell of domestic tor ment. There, is no escape for that woman but'the grave, and that, com pared with the life she now lives, will be an arbor of jasmine and of the hum ming bird's song poured into the ear of the honeysuckle. Scars! If there be none on the brow showing where he struck her arriving home from mid night carousal, nevertheless there are scars all up and down her injured and immortal soul which will be remem bered on the day when there shall leap forth for her avengement tlie live thunderbolts of an incensed God. jieed more courage ti brave the world and brave Satanic as sault when there is something aggres sive and bold and dangerous tote un dertaken for God and righteousness. And if we happ srf to get bit what an ado we make a out it! We all need more of the sluff that martyrs are made out of. We want more sanctified grit, more Chr^tian pluck, more holy recklessness afe to what the world may say and do \ii any crisis of our life. Be right and do right, and all earth and hell combined cannot put you down. The sa.me little missionary who wrote my text also uttered that piled up magnificence to be found in those words wh'ich ring like battle axes on splitting helmets: "In all these things we are more than conquerors through him that lpved us, for I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other crea ture, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord." How do you like that, you cowards, who shrink back from aggressive work and if so much as a splinter pierce your flesh cry out louder than many a one torn in auto da fe? Many a sol dier has gone through a long war,been in twenty battles, led a regiment up a hill mounted by cannon and swept by musketry and yet came home without having been once hit and without a mark upon him. But it will not be so among those who pass in the grand re view of heaven. They have all in the holy wars been wounded, and all bear scars. And what would the newly ar rived in heaven do with nothing to show that he had ever been struck by hman or diabolic weaponry? Mow embarrassed and eccentric such an one in such a place! Surely he would want to be excused '^while from the heaven ly ranks and be permitted to descend to earth, crying "Give me another chsnce to do something worthy of an immortal. Show me some post of dan ger to be --"'I. some fortress to be stormed, some difficult charga to make. Like Leonidas at Thermopylae,' like Miltriades at Marathon, like Marl borough at Blenheim, like Godfrey at Jerusalem, like Winkelried at Sampach gathering the spears of the Austrian knights into his bosom, giving his life for others, show me some place where I can do a brave thing for God. I can not go back to heaven until somewhsre I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus." Mv hearer, my reader, quit complaining about your misfor tunes and disappointments and trou bles and through all time and all etgr nity thank God for scars! A HISTORIC HOME. Rousseau's Famous "Le» CliarmettOi" Itrady for a rurchaner. In all literature there is hardly anj house more famous than Les Char mettew, that modest dwelling in Chain bery where Jean Jacques Rousseau, -the renowned French philosophe-, spent the happiest years of his life,and there fore it is no wonder that the reading public of Europe was considerably sur prised and somewhat shocked when it heard the otheT day th? advertised for sale, sajp the SH u,\ad New York's So«lai been uis Star. The adverUtevnent i'ea' lows: "For Sal/eA-T oS Charmt_pp^e historic hompjpf .M m_ JitfqucsRou.s .^SSWJy^togejHW with furniture, fields, and orchard." In 1630 the house was built, but :t first became historic on July 6, 1738, that being the day on which Mme. de Warens, Rousseau's friend, purchased it, together with "a barn, meadowland, orchard, plowland, vineyard, two oxen, two cows, ten sheep, seven hens, and a cock." The new owner occupied it at once and Roussean joined her there later in the same year. Of his life there one of his French biographers says: "To Mme. de Warens the world is infinitely indebted since it was she who provided this man, the son of a Geneva watchmaker, with a home in which he had ample opportunity to improve himself and to develop his many talents. Since 1782, the year in which Rousseau's "Confes sions" were published, Les Charmettes has been a Mecca for thousands of his admirers from all parts of the world, not a year since that time passing in which hundreds have not visited it and reverently taken away from the little flower garden some buds or leaves in memory of him. Training ISoys in Cermanr. A writer describing in a Philadel phia daily the methods of schools in Germany, states that the manual train ing schools in Germany are especially intended for the class of boys who idle away their time before and aftei school on the street. The regular ses sion closes at half past two o'clock in the afternoon, and after this time, the boys who are not properly and healthfully employed must attend the industrial school for the rest of the day. In summer time the boys, divid ed into classes, each under the super vision of a teacher, are trained sys tematically in all the branches of gardening. At other seasons of the year the boys are engaged at various light crafts in workrooms, such as the making of baskets, brushes and brooms, and plain carpentry, where the use of tools is taught. Typesetting and bookbinding are taught to the ad vanced and older classes. Each boy receives a small remuneration for his work when it is faithfully and obedi ently performed. The money, however, is not paid to him directly, but is put into a saving bank for him, and from time to time he receives his certificate of deposit. The girls are taught knit ting and all kinds of sewing in the same systematic manner. Every les son is made a class drill. The children work by dictation, all in the room do ing the same work at the same time.— Youth's Companion. &».. There are thirty social settlements^ New York "which are in touch with1 more than 60,000 people. In the set tlement houses are 233 classes and 238 clubs, with a membership of 17,650. Social pursuits are the object of 102 clubs, while recreative and instructive features are combined in the others. In 25 settlements there are 29 kinder gartens with 1,882 children. Nature knows no pause in progres and development, and attaches ber curse on all inaction.—Goethe, s, REMARKABLE W0J1A] WHOSE BIRTH WAS A STRANGBl COINCIDENT. I Syracuse, Xrw York, Lady Bora a* I Same Time and Place as tha Lata I Queen Victoria Wanted t* OotllT* the Queen and Still Lives. In a modest house on South State street, Syracuse, N. Y., lives an age^ widow, who was born within sight of the windows of Kensington palace, onj the same day and almost at the same hour that Queen Victoria first saw the light She is Mrs. Charlotte PadghamJ and by her survival of England'^ Queen her lifelong wish has been gra lfied. Mrs. Padgham's maiden Charlotte Carpenter, and sIl In the parish of St Marga| minster, May 24, 1819. H| a well-to-do farmer. Ac. English law all births are be recorded in the parlslL whether the children be th(^ the land or the lowliest and Duchess of Kent follow^ torn and Princess Victoria's' inscribed, and directly after the signature of the humble! Carpenter, announcing the bit daughter, Charlotte. Mrs. Padgham recalls man tfTrr- Si MRS. CHARLOTTE PADGHii (Who was born near Kensington al the same hour us Queen Victoir ing circumstances of events occti| in tlie vicinity of the great El palace. In those days the Dull Kent was far from being in afflu? circumstances and the family lived a very modest way. The little Prin-I cess Victoria was kept in Ignorance oi the fact that she would one day bfl queen until she was 12 years oldl recalls vividly the night that Wl III. died. The villagers stood i| streets during the night and il morning when '.t was announce^ Alexandrina Victoria, daughter Duchess of Kent, had been made of the United Kingdom, the tov shaken with cheers and "God Sav Queen" rang out for the first Mrs. Padgham often saw Prince bert, who married the q'.ieen, and escribes him a mn« the" prince consort's habit, while staj ing at Kensington, to roam throu^ the village, stopping here and the to chat with the farmers and trad^ people. Mrs. Padgham came to tm country soon after the queen's mk riage. DEATH OF A VETERAN IRON WORKER. There passed away in Allegheny, Pa., the other day, a man whose career haSj embraced an epitome of the develop ment and progress of railroad build ing—Philip James. The chief fame ot this extraordinary old man was thaf he puddled the iron for the first T-rafl. This great innovation in iron manu facturing was produced in 1831, at the Dowlias Iron Works, Dowlias, Gla morganshire, Wales, owned by Josiah John Guest and Rev. Thomas Guest Mr. James was born in Wal^s,, it 1813. At the age of 7 hp began work in the iron mill, sweeping plates.' Young James was later placed in charge of a furnace, and was not yet 19 when 1 he assisted in making the first T-rail. He came to this country in 1837, locat-j ing as puddler at Haverstraw, N. Y. Later he moved to Reading, Pa., andl f! «4 PHILIP JAMES. (Puddled the Iron tor the first T-rall.)l in 1843 went to Pittsburg, where hj passed the rest of his otis anj life. A Students' Initiation Party.' A wild-eyed resident of Iowa' dashed into police headquarters the other evening and announced] a lot of grave robbers were at wor the church yard. Several offil started for the scene and there, enough, were a number of fit grouped around one of the larii uments. The sleuths crej were just, Sll rellglJ style They tfe stands the mil gantlq rise. pha