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^77 V1 Vi\ '. .!«!? 4. tr- -,-' w.% Audubon Co, Journal, May 10 1917 THE QUESTION OF LABOR' Probably the Most Serious Handicap to Put in Maximum Crops This Year Is the Scarcity of Farm Labor. 1. [National Crop Improvement Servloe.? Many a good crop will be ruined be cause farmers cannot get labor at the tight time. There are two times of the year when more labor Is absolute ly necessary—at seed time and at har 'vest. While our farmers need men at other times of the year, these are the two crucial periods. As it is to the interest of every per son living in this county to produce a bumper crop this year, we must, do ajl "We can to help the farmer and per haps the most important thing we can do, Is to find him right help of the right class. There are three classes of farm help •r—(1) The regular farm hand? who are going to be rather scarce. (2) There are, however, a great many men who work in factories, in wholesale houses, drive teams and other occupations who could possibly be spared during: the rush seasons. It Is the duty of the 'commercial clubs and manufacturers to make a list of these men and offer them for detached service when ur gently needed. There is a third class of labor which is very efficient and -that is men of affairs who have been raised on farms who will volunteer -to help the farmers out during the rush. This is the greatest work our business men can accept to show their patriotism at this time. P" A Report on Rotation of Crops [National Crop Improvement Service. 1 The tenth annual report of the 'North Dakota Demonstration Farms is ready for distribution. The crops are rotated on these farms. The re-' suits indicate that a rotation of crops pays. The average wheat yield was 29% bushels. This wheat was in most cases followed by corn that had been manured. Oats 58V4 bushels, barley 37Va rye 21% alfalfa 2% tons per acre. The rotation practiced on each farm is given in the report as well as a detailed account of just how each fleld„was handled. BARLEY NEXT TO CORN. [National Crop Improvement Service.1 Barley has a feeding Rvalue next to corn. Indeed some fedders place it ahead of corn for pig food and at the present prices, barley will make as much and more profit than wheat. The wheat crop has now "gone to the Jury." We cannot do much more about wheat but we have two or three weeks yet in order to put all of our a create remaining into barley. Barley is more profitable than L|v 1 r_ j, lev breeder in the world nats. In fact, very few farmers make any money out of oats under the best cir cumstances- and very few barley far mers ever lose money, on barlev. There is always the fascination of get ting a fancy price for fancy barlev. and although less than one per cf*rt of all grains are used for maltinrr mir poses, the additional price v.hirh it gives to barley over oats alwavg makes money for the farmers. While perhaps one per cent of the srrain crop is used in brewing, the loss of 'feed value is much smaller because fully one half goes back to dairy far mers in the form of dried grains and other by-products, which for feed pur poses is among the best available. BARLEY YIELDS. [National Crop Improvement Service.! "Regarding the best yields of bar ley, we will say that this is rather a difficult thing to give because the yield sometimes depends more upon the threshing record. However, the average yield of pedigreed barley of members of the Wisconsin Experi ment Association was in 1913. "1 bush els, 1914, 33.3 bushels, 1915, 37.5 bush els. The yield for 1915 is the average from over 260 members reporting. Some of the highest ones are as fol lows: 60, 57, 56, 55, 53 and 45 bushels. "It is impossible to state what has been the highest yield in Wisconsin, but I think some of these yields for last year, which was a very good bar ley season, are quite reasonable, but do not doubt though that there may be larger yields than these, but I have no knowledge of them."—J. J. Gar land. BARLEY NOT A HUMAN FOOB As a Bread Cereal It Is Little Used. As An Animal Food It Is of Great Value. [National Crop Improvement Service.! For many centuries barley, the "corn" of holy writ, was used as a bread cereal, but it has practically gone out of use, except that Norway and Sweden use it in their peculiar bread disks, which are about the size and shape of a phonograph record. Barley in itself does not make a a good bread flour and could be uti lized only by mixing it with wheat, something which the American miller considers desecration of his shrine. It has a peculiar flavor and is just as dif ferent from wheat bread, as either corn or rye. 0 But as a stock feed, it has many merits. As the kernels are too hard for some animals to relish, it may be crushed by passing it between rollers. If finely ground, the gluten makes a sticky mass as soon as it is wet, and this peculiar property makes it difficult to make it into good bread. Its Tnnin use in the American kitchen has been to use it as pearled barley in soups. It is used some in breakfast food, through a malting process, but unless we as American people are on the verge of starvation, we will never use barley as a regular diet n^^^!e^l£^k^As3^^sii^tSS!^&t*^S'^iSh: THE VALUE OF BARLEY." [National Crop Improvement ServlnJ In the United States and Canada, barley is used as a feed for farm ani mals, less than one-third being used for malting. A limited amount is used In the preparation of breakfast cereals and for pearled barley. "Our farmers are learning the value of barley as a part ration for dairy cattle and young,..,,. stqck and much more will be used 'as I ''ttle ?ct animal food in the future." says Pro- fessor R. A. Moore, the greatest bar- 1 horses. When used as a hay it Is cut in the milk stage shortly after heading and cured like timothv and blue grass. We think that the hay phase of barley this year is very important because all acreage that has never been planted to other crops or that will need re- planting for any reason, could be put Into barley at a clear profit. When the grain is used as a feed, it is either fed whole or the kernels gested. Onlv a limited amount of bar- ley is exported from the United States ,ttfree and the export Consists largely of a mixture of varieties as feed. CORN ROOT WORM 200,000,000 Bu. Lost to Corn .'V Annually by This Pest. '-^'"-tNatlonal Crop Improvement Service.] [National Crop Improvement Service.] &£&& lt?e In many states barley is quite gen-,hl*!abor erally grown as a hay and feed for S" ful' crushed by passing between rollers. I 'ea^s 'n farm practice that change If finely ground the gluten therein makes a stickv mass as soon at it is brought in contact with moisture and I it is not then readily masticated or di-1 ga.'n When we say "dry farming" we im-: power, and then to purchase that mediately begin to think of the west- which will give him the most, econom ern plains where the rainfall is de- ical feed. In practically all states, all flcient. We all admit that they should feedstuffs must be labeled with their take unusual pains in conserving their food content—for those who wish to moisture. see, the facts are printed. Well we ought to be ashamed of. ourselves in hhe humid territory. When comes along a year like this, we think we are terribly abused and yet in any of this territory we have had more ra.in than Western Kansas and Nebraska gets any year. Therefore, let us take dry farming "j* methods to ourselves. Because in lnat,on „should some years the rain comes when we want it, is no excuse for negleoting ®bould conservation of moisture. I What is this dry farming? Let ns best farmers to agree to practice it. There is no drought year in the corn belt which does not have more moist ure than necessary, if conserved, to raise a crop of corn. ... POWER ENOUGH [National Crop I prove meat Service BARLEY VS. WHEAT. Yields of 40 to 50 bushels of barley per acre are not uncommon and as MONEY IN BARLEY. »yt5feXrf*?J Sit^£a^3i55&&3'S65&i^^^£h^^5ijA INSURE YOUR CORN Don't Gamble With Your Corn Crop. Test Every Ear Before Planting. Every Weak or Dead Ear Mean* Dollars Less at Harvest. corn cr°P and 11 [National Crop Improvement Service.! It is a known fact that the simple o£ testin& f°re a11 seed cofn be PlantinK will add many bushels-to wi» T?e™ W 18 the farmer about flve times as much per hour for as win an' other farm labor" n°thing me thods and hard about it, all °f testing seed corn are easy ine*Pf"sive. You nels blotters can test the ker- °r "rag-doll" testers at home, making them yourself, or you can invest in a commercial test er that will last for years. Your agri cultural college, county agent, or the Department of Agriculture at Wash,nKton will be glad to give you Particulars. Seed testng will stop one of these into loss- dred Figure out for yourself how many hilla the slx or kernels how your corn vie,d wil1 ears sbould seve« hun" of corn from a dead or weak ear win Plant- and As111"6 out dr°P or a if tw0 dozen' Crop because certain materials are left-overs from the manufacture of food for humans, that it is "waste" The damage done 'to corn in the and of no value for stock feed. Nothing corn belt is estimated to be 200,000,-j is further from the truth. In very 000 bushels annually. In our mad many cases, the so-called "offal" left scramble to get corn into the ground after the manufacture of flour, malt this year, we do not want to overlook ing, corn products, breakfast foods, this tremendous waste. Next to poor etc., are the best of stock feeds, and seed corn, the corn root worm is the can be bought economically and fed to greatest source of loss to corn. The bring a profit to the farmer. The man remedy is the rotation of crops. Never who turns up his nose at the thought grow more than two crops of corn con- of combining by-products with silage jecutively on the same ground. If you and other low-priced meat producing had corn root worm bad last year and foods, is behind the times and usually it is too late to put in anything else,! fails to show even interest on his mon you had better change to barley. Your ey at the end of the year. Feeding seedsman can still furnish you with whole grain, whether it be corn, some excellent seed barley. If you do wheat, rye or oats, is wasteiul and is put in corn on that land, be careful to robbing man of his rightful preroga give your land more than a usual five—that or taking that part of all preparation. The time is late and we grain adapted to his needs. It is easy will have to bend every energy to 1o find out the protein content of any plant.our corn crop. article, or mixture, of stock feedstuffs 1 now on the market, and it is merely a "Dry Farming" Needed Everywhere. matter of the farmer figuring out the or or maybe fifty such Eet planted. BY-PRODUCT STOCK FEEDS. [National Crop Improvement Service.! A lot of well-meaning folks think Worth of the foods on their nourishing worth almost their weight in gold. We people whose motto is "the easiest appeal to every tractor owner to offer way is the best. its services to any man who will not be able to get his soil prepared other wise [National Crop Improvement Service.} Barley at 60c per bushel will profit ably compete with wheat at $1.00. Were It not for the sustaining influ ence of the high prices for malting barley, it would compete with oats, but as it is the crop of barley for 1915 brought $122,500,000.00. The price of barley is now $1.20 to $1.50 per bushel, but taking $1.30 as a basis, the 1916 crop of 180,000,000 bushels, would bring $234,000,000. [National Crop ImproVoment Service.1 Those who have been disappointed In getting spring wheat seed ate able to still make an even more profitable crop by putting in barley. The Wiscon sin Experiment Station with head quarters at the University in charge of R. A. Moore, can furnish on tele gram orders pedigreed barley by ex press in almost any quantities. The seedsmen are well supplied with this seed, and farmers who have otherwise idle land, can still make barleyralsing a great success. Barley should be a leading crop wherever spring wheat can be grown and in many cases ^far ther south where other crops may Have to be plowed up. W t-'Sxy*- just a feed value this means a hand-: sorghums are to be grown, there is some return to the grower. But in ad-1 Fanning and Grading Seed Barley. FNatlonal Crop Improvement Service.1 Not nearly enough attention is given to getting the uniform size of seed grain, especially te this' true in barley, tha,fc be the °,f the The very Iargest shou,d take it up with the clubs and'make it ^avintg the seed plump and uniform, an institute subject. Let us get our! 11 15 true germ- a11 take P,ace ,on ay", .. tbe erefore. the kernels fm,e zf and wei&ht- Perhaps be removed as well as the smaller ones, that small seeds and giant seeds will germinate, but the plant food contained therein will undoubted ly make an unevenness in the matur ity at harvest. •ROTATION LEASES. Work Your Tractors Night and Day much abused farm tenant ^system. We and Plow Every Acre. ought to have something in every Many farmers will not be able to tect the people as well as posterity, put in their whole acreage on account^ Year to year tenants who scratch a of the lack of horses or other, power. little and move away, should be com Every tractor in this county should-f-pelled to settle down and landlords work night and .day as long as there remains an acre unplowed. There is still time to put in barley, and corn and potatoes, all three of which are [National Crop Improvement Servlo*.] There is nothing which endangers America so much today as our very lease which will protect land and pro- should be be compelled to make a time rotation lease. It is easy to talk about compelling this and compelling that, but we mostly are a very sloppy If we let our soil run down, our whole structure will fall. In order to obtain a larger yield of grain, this soil must be fed. The colleges and experi ment stations beyond the Mississippi river are entirely too timid about preaching soil conservation. In fact, all of us are rather prone to tell our audience what we think they would rather hear. KILL THE WEEDS. [National Crop Improvement Servlee.1 "Spring plowing, or disking, as soon as the weed %eeds have germinated, is usually a profitable practice. Where small grain is to be sown, the sowing should be done soon after plowing: but where corn, potatoes, or the often a period dition to this, there is always the in-: tween the time of the germination of centive of raising a good crop of su-j the weed seeds and the time when the perior barley that can be sold for I season is sufficiently advanced to malting purposes, at advanced prices, pIant the cvop. This and a good yield of malting barley utilized as far as possible for the de* will hold its own with any other crop, gCruction period should be of weeds before the crop is planted. Much labor in keeping the crop free f»om weeds during its grow ing period can thus be saved." E. C. Chilcott, agriculturist in charge, Washington, D. C.•?" *, LOSS FROM BAD ROADS. [National Crop Improvement Service.1 i' The U. S. Department of Agriculture estimates that the fanners of the na tion are annually losing $250,000,000 because of their inability to market their produce at certain times of the year. Counties.which are rich in^agri cultural products are burdened with bad roads and it is of much concern to the farmers to see to the building ot good roads. Good roads, 365-day roads, are insurance for continued community prosperity. ar-t MONEY FOR FARMERS. [National Crop Improvement Servleo.] Many of our farmers will not have money enough to put in a maximum crop. This should not be the case. Of course, during this war excitement it is prettj hard to get onyone to do any thing but run around in circles, but the greatest business problem we have is to finance our farmers so that they can get the maximum results for themselves and for our community. We believe that if the banks will ask young farmers and tenants who have not established their credit, to make a statement regarding what they want to do ^ith the money, that they will take very little risk in advancing whatever money any farmer will in telligently use this year. It is true that the federal reserve banks will re-discount farmers' paper, but they do it entirely on the credit of the bank asking for the re-discount. We believe that our business men would be very glad to pro-rate any loss that any bank would make in ex tending loans to any farmer who wants to increase the production of his farm even though his land may be mortgaged all that it can stand. Especially in those counties where county agents can advise and O. K. the project, ,our bankers should have no hesitancy in furnishing whatever money-may be required. There is very little 'risk because the world is short of food and everything will be high for this year and probably several years to come. NEXT YEARNS CROP*' Let Us Begin Now to Organize for More Prosperity! I [National Crop Improvement Servtee.1 It is one of our American traits to speed up to high tension for a few days ami then to relapse into our old "easy-going" habits. If we can only leam by experience that we must or ganize against emergencies of ail kinds for peace and war, this excite ment. will not have been in vain. It will do little good to shout at tj}e far mer through a megaphone. He knows his business and is doing just as good as he can under the circumstances. If there is any improvement to be made, it is to improve circumstances. Our prosperity depends upon the prosper ity of the farmers and it is our duty to get him the best price possible consis tent wfih quality. If we want the far mer to do better, we must do better by hint.'"However, he can find no com plaint about the present prices nor for several years to come. We may be too late to do very much' more this spring, although we still have barley, corn and potatoes to put into the ground. We should organize for serv ice in this county and get ready for early fall plowing after harvest v' THE BARLEY ACREAGE [National Crop Improvement ^Service.1 In 1915 we raised nearly 229,000,000 bush4jg.,on 7,000,000 acres. We did.not fare'so well in 1916 on account of the bad season. On seven and one half million acres we raised 181,000,000 bushels. The price of ba'rley will war rant a large increase in the acreage this year. Forty-eight million bushels of barley were malted and about 25, 000,000 of that 48,000,000 was sent back in the shape of feed to the farm. As an economic problem, it would seem that the high price of barley for malting would greatly offset any feed ing-value, if any, lost thereby. The*? season for planting barley Is one week late, and therefore, barley can be put in to advantage up to the 10th of May, and perhaps the 15th. It is generally the best farm practice to put barley in just ahead of corn plant ing. There is less labor in producing a field of barley than a field of corn and a great deal less risk. If you are short of labor on your farm it will pay you to put in some barley. If you put in all of your crops and still have some land idle, bo.th oats and barley can be sown for hay or green feed which will be immensely valuable this year. STILL TIME TO SOW BARLEY. [National Crop Improvement Servlce.1 The seeding time of barley should be done later than that of bats er spring wheat, as an early spring frost is more detrimental to young barley than to other small cereals. The sea son is usually a week later. In Canada barley is sown up into June, but that is not advocated in this country. Still, the second or third week in May will probably be safe this year. A of several weeks be- drill or broadcast seeder is com monly,-?used and the barley is sown at the ra^e of lVs to 2 bushels to the acre. Wbyere it is desirable to seed the land dtvtyn to clover and timothy, 1 to 1% bushels of seed barley as a nurse crop is sufficient. TEST BARLEY. fNational Crop Improvement Service.1 All seed barley should be tested for vitality before sowing as the seed is quite frequently injured by heating in the stack or bin. If the seed is of low vitality and does not test 90 per cent it should be regarded as inferior and new seed should be purchased. CORN CULTIVATION In Periods of Drought Any Cultivated Crop Can Be Greatly Benefited by Continued Cultivation. [National Crop Improvement Servloe.] It is a debated question whether or not the mulch conserves moisture, but a shallow cultivation surely does kill the weeds and any farmer who is energetic enough to kill the weeds will get the best crops. There is still time to plant barley ahead of your corn. Don't allow an acre to lay va cant this year. MliM MOTHERS DAY- Mother's Day services will bo held at the Methodist Church next Sumday moirniing. Special music will be prepared- Everybody is cord ially invited- Same services will be held at Greeley Center at 3 P. M. PHOTOGRAPHY. Miss Soirensen, herself, will harve charge of the Exira Studio^ every Wednesday afternoon, from. 1 o'clock P- M- until 5.30. (Rainy days ex cepted) Mother bring in the baby Parmer, bring im the family. Give us a chance tO' do your enlarging! and Kodak work. All work promptly and neatly dione- |'H K- Sorensen. ^SSpflt Prop. M- 17.!-'^Bti®1 Mr. E. C- Wilson started for his Minnesota farm Tuesday last- He expects to be gione several days perhaps weeks. Mrs. J- A- Egbert will entertain ithe Mother's Club at her home this afternoon. The Congregational Ladies Society will serve supper at Mrs. Frank Heath home- Aid the Mrs. L. F- Klever went to Omaha Saturday to visit a week at least with reilatives and friends- Mrs. Susan Spoo accompanied Mr. and Mrs- John Frost to their home in Carroll Monday for a "few day's Test and visit- Mr. and Mrs. Frost had been visiting here for several days- Miss Opal Cannon is helping care for Mrs- S. E. Hockenberry "who lies very low with cancer, at her home on north Park Street- Spring Golds Are Dangerous Sudden changes of 'temperature and underwear bring spring colds with stuffed jip head, sore throat and general cold symptoms. A dose of Dr. King's New Discovery is sure relief. This happy combination of antiseptic balsams, clears the head soothes the irritated membranes and what might have been a lingering cold is broken up. Don't stop treat ment wihen relief is first felt as a half cured cold- is dangerous. Tak Dr. Kings New Discovery till your cold is gone. Lora Baily left last Monday morning for California where be will visit for an indefinite time and on a sightseeing trip. He has been visiting at the home of his sister, Mrs. William Fulton in this city for several months- j- Master Donald Hansen, son of Henry Hansen and wife oi Bray ton accompanied his grandparents, wbo had spent Sunday afternoon in Brayton, to their home in Exira for a several day's visit at- the Hans Hansen home. Mr- Lewis, grandson of Mrs- M. C. GS11, arrived here from Lewis tdie first of the wee_i -for a couple oif day's visit before enlisting in the army wihich be expects to do the latter part of the week. Miss Nellie Dyer, the Domestic Science teacher in the Russell, Iowa schools arrived in Exira last Friday and will spend this week with her sister, Miss Lillian who is employ ed in the Exchange Bank. She will also visit other numerous rela tives and friends while here. On Sabbath attemaon at 3 P M. Mother's ami Oradle Roll day will be observed by the Junior Boys and Girls ol' Exira. The pro gram will consist of Music, short address by the pasitors of the city and recitations by the children- It will be held in the Congrega tional chureili and everyone is most cordially invited to be present- Come and let us honor our mothers' by our presence and show the Boys and Giirls we appreciate what they are trying to do. KH El .MAT ISM. If you are troubled with chronic or muscular rheumatism give Cham berlain's Liniment a trial. The re lief fmom pain which it affords is alone worth many times its cost For sale by Kearney Pharmacy- ,» si •i&ii'SSSY'iiWfj Orvie Beers, Chris Stone, Franik Campbell and Royal Wells go to Dps Mo1me§ today to take the ex amination for enlistment in the government service- James Stjuingieom, son of Harold Sturgeon is very sick ait this writ— ing with a billious attack and stomacih -trouble. 1 1 Mr. and Mrs- George Voss -will go to De§ Modules today on business-^ They will go by auto with George ^lenshaw. i-i Hams Hansejn aind family autoed: to Brayton Wednesday evening toi see their daughter Mabel, who is very sicik at tilL© holme of her broth- er Henry. She is improving at thisF writing- Mayor MaoVTcar today arranged with M. C- Edimburn to sell on the aity market Tuesday a carload of. potatoes at seventy cents a peck,'' twenty -five cents a peok or one dollar a bushel under the market price- Ediniburn has secured a car of Early Ohio tubers. The car contains approximately1 700 bushels. The purchaser will probably be limited to a bushel peir customer- The price will be $2-80. C. C. Christensen, Morris Forrest er, Wesley Donaddsen and Charles May went to Omaha The Thursday Club met""-'"Friday, P- M. at the Park Hotel. Mrs- Anna McAninoh as lnostess. Current Event were given and discussed and the followingi program rendered Reading from Ella W-lieeler Wilcox by -Cora M-eA^iiuoh, a reading. The Ocean Song," was given by Mrs Fulton. A paper on "Janiors Wonion" was given, by Mrs- Houston- After the usiual business and the Roll call the Club adjourned for a social hour- They were severed to a luncheon which was greatly enjoj ed by all, Mrs- M- J. Lansoin and Lillie Lar son of Avotaa, Mrs. John Anderson, of Valley Junction and Mrs- Pete Jessen and som of Council Bluffs made an exifcended visit last week at the homes of Mir- and Mrs. P." an Lohner amd Mr- and Mrs- Chris jWolf. They returned to their homes last Sunday. Oong'l Churioh Notes S- ,S. at 1.0 A. M Mother's Day Service at 11.00. Juniors of Exira will entertain babies aind their mothers at 2-30 P- M. in the Church. Evening Service at 8-00 Members- of •cliurch and. Congre gation are urted to make the Go to church Sunday-" J-essie G(. Heath. Minister- "J INSURANCE Theo Patty, Phone 67, Exira, la. Only first class Companies Represented Dr. L. J. Oldaker DENTIST Over P. M. Christensen store PHONES: Residence 89 Office 39 Farm Loans Lowest rates. Complete set of Abstract of Title to all lauds and town lots in Audu bon County. CHARLES BAGLEY DR. JOUK Rll.iSX, Physician --Surgeon Office Phone 93: House Phone S7 Offlce flist door ea»t of •»,_ i__,« flornar Drue Slore. upstairs exira, luwfl For Greeley Farmers Mutu al Fire and Lightning Insurance'see Fred Wahlert Sr. Exira, Iowa, Wm, Clark, Hamlin, Iowa. M. J. Mas tenon., Audubon. Have other agents Is Audubon, Guthrie and Adair •ountiea. Also Wind and Tornado InranDM Written. ,4 \sg k*/ 1 the latter, part of last week- Mr- Donaldson intended to bring back a new Buick car but the roiads were in such a bad conditioin. C. C-, Morris and Mr May brought back three Fords which Mr. Cbristensen, the dealer has sold to John Litttlefield, WilL Kommeg and Curtis Clark. The lat ter named gentleman resides near Brayton- li Hfcl 1 I $ I 4% -a s-m