THURSDAY AUGUST 1 1901
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Iicilallon Mntcincnt
The circulation of The Times tor the wee enlcd
Jul 27 JJOl was as lollous
Sundaj July 21 W323
Vlonda July IJ SM
Tuesday July 23 39261
wrrfnesdav Jul 2 39Ui
Thursdaj July 23
lruay Jul 20 S7
i atunlay July 27 - S90bj
Total 2a510
Dailr vcrae C uniby 13 32 excepted 33235
1 he A nr In A eiiexiieln
The Ions expected outbreak In Vene
zuela hab come at last and information
which comes by way of Curacao is to
the effect that four or fiv e thousand in
surgents under Dr Gardiras are as
sembled on the Colombian frontier
President Castro has declared martial
law ard it is said tl at he will despatch
a column of ten thousand men to meet
the rebels
The fact that the Insurrectionary
movement Is referred to in the news
as originating o er the border is cal
culated to confuse people in this coun
try The probabilities are that it has
no connection with the reolt which Gen
eral Uribc Uribe has started in Colom
bia in which country it is reported he
has gathered a force of fifteen thou
sand men and Is prepared to give the
faction now in power an Interesting
fli ht n irrtiras1 Insurgents doubtless
of that segment of the party
are assembling on or near the boundary course
line because manj of them hae been which professes to believe that the
refugees in Colombia since the defeat of Dmgley law Is the main support of the
General Andrade b General Castro and trusts At first the Republicans in Con
the banishment of the former and his gross fully agreed with the President
chief supporters some time ago that plain dut required that free
Nothing was said concerning Andrade American tradf be accorded to Porto
in vesterday evenings despatch but
there is little reason to doubt that the
1 resent revolution is of his making If
It be so then President Castro has good
reason to fear for his position If not for
his life Andrade is believed to be heav
ily backed in a financial way by an Im
meiiFely rich American aggregation of
capitalists who are interested In cer
tain projects which his success in cap
turing the Government of Venezuela
would promote And then Andrade is
citing It is sev eral months since there
have been real sanguinary hostilities to
the south of us and their sj nchronous
resumption In Venezuela and Colombia
is calculated to relieve us of any fear
that the fighting blood of our Latin
American neighbors has cooled to any
alaiming extent
The fiiiiiifin House of Glass
TLerc can be no manner of doubt
that tho American public is delighted
by the rapid and complete w ay In w hich
the Ice Is melting under the feet of the
envious Sampson and his coadjutors in
the war on Admiral Schley Fresh evi
which would have occurred most prob
ably would hae resulted in a ictory
for which lie would hac claimed and
received all the credit and honor Again
it he had stayed where he belonged on
that fateful July morning his laurels
would hae been heav and many un
less through some blunder he had hap
lwned to let the enem s ships escape
Sampson may hive had excellent rea
sons for the peculiar course lie pursued
In not getting under way directly lie
learned of Cer eras Intention to start
from Curacao If so it is to be pre
sumed that ho -111 be gien an ample
chance fo ventilate them before the
Court of inquiry- There Is one notion
entertained by Sampson and his friends
that they peed to outgrow and cannot
do so too quickly It is that Admiral
Sehlej is on trial at the bar of the navy
and of public opinion A vast majority
of the American people v iew the matter
from a diametrically opposite point of
view Their idea is that it an body Is
on trial It Is Sampson and certain per-
sons prominent in connection with the
contriances and operations of the
Navigation Bureau ring
3lr Halic tick and lie Trnl
Representatlv e Babcock of tl e House
Committee on Ways and Means Is re
ported as saing that In reforming the
tariff he and those Republicans who
think with him do not want an Demo
cratic help If this report be correct
it is equivalent to a statement that Mr
Babcock does not expect to accomplish
anything by his attack on the trusts
andithat he does not want to for noth
ing can be clearer than that the so
called Republican reformers can do
nothing at all without Democratic as
sistance Those Republicans who can
be relied upon to stand up and make
a fight against the party managers con
stitute but a small fraction of the par
tyhow small remains to be seen
At this time It looks very much as If
the action of the Republican party with
reference to the Porto Rican tariff might
find something of a counterpart in the
Rico Rut shortly It appeared to the
Republican leadeis that such a measure
would be in line with the Democratic
contention and perhaps inure to the po
litical advantage of that party So
plain dut was forgotten in the
twinkling of an eye What was a httle
matter of plain duty compared with
the necessity of pieventlng It from ap
pearing that the Democrats were right
in their view So to the winds went
the princlpfe of plain duty and in-
a warm friend of the Asphalt Trust j stfad of free trade Porto Rico got a
and were he dictator of the country It two ears dose of tariff Between that
is highly probable that no other con- island and foreign countries stood tne
cern would be permitted to enjoj con- I Dingley law with its rank and glaring
cessions whether new or old in the field J abuses while between the island and
of the asphaltum deposits The news j the rest of the United States was rear-
therefore is interesting and almost ex
ed the barrier of the Foraker Pane
tariff
Mr Babcock has been talking freely
and loudl about the fight he w as going
t make to reform the tariff in such
mannei as to curb the trusts Hennas
given srme very good leasons why this
should be done But It now appears
from the reports that he wants no Dem
ocratic help It is as clear as light that
any attempt to deprive the trusts of
tariff piotectlon would tend to sustain
the Dcrnocratic argument that the tariff
creates trusts Mr Babcock knew this
from the first just as w ell as he knows It
now AVe must therefore conclude thaU
if he has declaied that he wants no help
dence almost dally Is being laid before i h riemoe mti nartv he Is merely
the public all going to prove the hoi- I nndmg a convenient excuse for not do
lovvness and studied malice of the j ing anything It is to be hoped that he
charges which have been made j fcag been misreported for the state
agalnst the victor of Santiago by his J mentt i actually made Indicates either
enemies in the Navy Department and j that j nas been -pulled down or ol
the service It is rather amusing that barked down rather than to
criticisms of allged failures on the part the smaUest chance of injuring the
of Admiral Schley made with much ap
parent spitefulness b Sampson are be
ing shoan In some cases to apply quite
significantly to Ms own actions during
the Spanish war Tor example he is
Aerj severe on the man who brought
the campniBiUto a glorious close off
Sunt ssT while the pseudo command
er in chief was hull down behind the
elephantine Shatter plus the horizon
because Schliy lemained three das at
Clonfuegos in pursuance of definite and
1 ositiv e orders instead of steaming at
once to Santiago where the enemy
might b and in fact as it afterward
develoied was
What would Sampson have done In
Comniodo e Schleys place Perhaps
ve may obtain some light on the ques
tion by studing wliat he did do In anal
ogous circumstances As usual the
conqueror of the Matanzas mule fur
nishes the country with voluntary evi
dence which would seem calculated to
confound him when ho takes the wit
ness stand and proceeds to draw at sight
upon probably the most convenient and
elastic memory that ev er existed In the
condition of soft rubber under a cocked
bat
It Is said that shortly after the cessa
tion of hostilities In a magazine article
Republican part no matter what
wrongs it is perpetrating
International mill Domestic Trade
Commerce between nations is a highly
important part of be world b business
At the same time Its real significance is
very far from being perfectly under
stood Let the fact be stated without
explanation that the foreign trade of a
certain country Is twice as large as
that of another and many people will
at once conclude that the country w 1th
the larger trade of the class mentioned
is the richer and more progressive of
the two Such a conclusion might be
coirect but If based upon foreign trade
figures alone It would be Just as likely
to be erroneous Foreign trade is only
a small part of any nations business
and in order to ascertain the real i on
dltlon of any country we must take the
grand aggregate into account
The extent of a countrys foreign
trade depends very largely upon the
character and productivity of the coun
try rather than upon the sum total of
Its business If for example a coun
try is chielly a producer of raw material
and the product Is greatly In excess of
the countrys own needs theie will be
a large export of such materials and
fcampson stated that while he was at also a heavy Importation of finished ar
Cape Haltien Haiti on May 13 1S33 tides or other things which the coun
ln command of a splendid squadron he try needs but does not produce In
v as informed that the Spanish cruisers I stich a case the countrys foreign tiade
were about to leave Curacao bound for
Santiago On the date given Ccrvera
started oa his last run exactly as
Sampson had been warned that he
would If Commodoie Schley deserves
all the odium that his colleague il
legally placed over his head has tried
to heap on him for falling to disobey
the letter and spirit of his orders and
rush for Santiago without learning
whether the Spanish squadron was or
was not in the harbor of Clenfueos
what are the American people to think
of Sampsons conduct In not making an
Immediate break for the south coast of
Cuba Had he done so ho would have
Intercepted Cervera and forced him Into
a battle in the open the result of
which could not be open to doubt as th
captains of the American vessels were
ell brave and experienced men and
would have done their duty Was It a
case of Sampsonlan prudence Did the
ammunition waster of San Juan sus
pect tint his Spanish adversary might
be too strong for him or did he on gen
eral principles do the wrong thing at
a critical moment just as he did in de
serting his station In front of Santiago
and weakening his fleet by taking the
Kevv Tork twenty miles down the coast
at a time when his scouts were watch
Ins for Cervera to attempt a sortie
which had been monvntarlly expected
for hours Twice as we see Sampson
had the opportunity of his life If he
hatUpushed at once rrom Capo Haltien
the Spaniards could not have made
will bear a high ratio to the sum total
of its business Take the case of Can
ada as an illustration That country
has a foreign trade which Is about twice
as great In rroportlon to population
as Is that of the United States But
does any Intelligent person suppose that
Canada Is twice as rich or twice as
prosperous in pioportion to populitlon
as the United States is Surely net
The fact is that Canada industrially
considered is far behind the United
States both absolutely and relatively
The large commerce of our northern
neighbor Is owing to the fact that she
produces some things greatly in excess
of her own needs while of other things
she falls far short of suppljlng her own
wants and hence must Import them
Incidentally it ma be remarkel that
her exports and imports are almost
evenly balanced
The Argentine Republic Is another
countr with an extensle foreign com
merce The total is about thiee hun
dred million dollars annually and the
per capita of Argentinas trade Is high
er than that of Canada Nevertheless
the Internal development of Argentina
Is as yet comparatively Inconsequen
tial
Theo considerations suggest the aca
demic query whether a country would
be better off -without foreign tiade than
with it That must necessarily depend
upon circumstances It may be stated
generally that other things being equal
the less we have to carry coeds fiom
Santiago Harbor and the engagement I one place to another the better we are
THE TIMES WASHINGTON THURSDAY AUGUST 1 1901
off because the carriage of goods is
dead work Therefore we find the busi
ness world constants seeking shorter
lines of transportation But till things
that people need cannot be produced In
one place and some which can be rro
duced almost anywhere can be turned
out more economically or of better
quaiit in some places than In others
This it is thnt sends people away from
home to bu goods and It frequently
carries them across International
boundary lines giving to the trade the
character of foreign commerce
Until every country can produce for
itsIf ever thing that It needs and do
it as well ns it can bu somewhere else
there will alwajs be an advantage In
Importing goods So until every coun
try can consume ever thing that It pro
duces and do so profitably there will
alas be an advantage in exporting
goods if a foreign market can be found
As matters now stand no advanced
country consumes all that it produces
of everything or produces all that it
consumes Therefore International
trade is in the first degree desirable iu
all of those things which indlvJual na
tions can better buy than produce for
themselves Necessarily this covers a
wide range of products But as the
worlds population becomes missed
more and more into a few large coun
tries many International boundaries
will be wiped out and much trade now
classed as foreign w ill become domestic
just as our Hvaiian trade has ceased
to be foreign But the trade will re
main and it will be just as profitable
more so to tLo country carrjlng it on
for It will have whatever profit there Is
at both ends The objections urged to
foreign trade are generally political
rather than commercial the argument
being that we ought not to help en
rich and strengthen countries which
may become enemies at any time Hovv
ever there is not much In this con
tention as long as the trade Is mutually
beneficial
As the United States Is now situated
it certainly needs foreign trade Ouis
is the greatest producing country In the
world and we have an enormous sur
plus to disposeof In manufactures
particularly this surplus may inciease
almost Indeflnltel and we need mai
keta for It The prosperity of the
depends very largely upon our suc
cess In getting rid of this surplas and
although It Is but a small fraction of
pur total product it is a most Import
ant factor in the countrys business
There is no occasion for us to worry
about the greater per capita trrde of
Canada and Argentina but there Is
ever reason why we should guard our
ow n trade and extendft lH ev ery pro- er
way J oi
A in er leu it niilteuriNliiies
An article In the August Atlantic
contains a strong plea for professional
methods in American affairs and reit
erates the statement that we are a na
tion of amateurs The author of the
paper In question sajs
Ours mut be not a nation of amateurs
but a nation of rofeIonalA if it is to hold
its own in the cominjf stnwslc struggles not
merely for commercial dominance but for the
supremacy of political and moral loVals enr
period ot national iwlation -with all it brought
of good or evil has been outlived The new
cloth will place a heavy handicap upon icnor
ancc of the actual upon indifference to
international usages and undertakings upon eon
ten pt for the foreigner What is needed is
indeed knowledge and the skill tliat knowledge
makes possible The spirit with which c
confront the national tasks of the ft turc bhoull
have the sobriety the firmness the steady ef
fectiveness which we associate with
y
It is a question however If we are
quite as much a nation of amateurs as
we have been said to be It should be
remembered that this population cf
ours Is spread over a territory bigger
than the whole ot Europe put together
The fact that when a mans buggy
breaks down in some Western village
and he finds that the wheelwright is
also blacksmith carpenter and a dozen
other things does not therefore n ean
that there are no w heelw rights in
America Neither does the fact that
some provincial musician is badly edu
cated prove that there are na thorough
ly trained musicians in this country
The truth is that we have probablj as
many well trained men In proportion
to our population as any other coun
tr but they are scattered over an Im
mense area and a great many ot them
are amateurs In some trade or profes
sion besides being trained in that which
affords them their living
The dressmaker in some country v II
lage may be a farmers daughter w ith
no professional training and her work
may be bad but a woman of the same
status In Germany would be working
in the fields or harnessed Into a curt
with a dog bside her The local news
paper in a half Hedged town may be in
differently edited because the editor is
a man of little or no education But in
the Old World a town of the same size
would not have an newspaper In
short the American is in nine cases out
ot ten trying to do something which Is
boond his power In addition to the
thing which he can do well The more
stolid European peasant does the thing
which he can do well and keeps on do
ing it to the end of his das
Some ot the progress of this country
Is due to the amateurs The farmer
who is an amateur mechanic thinks of
a nev way to reap or plow or make
butter which Is an improvement on
hand labor The mechanic who Is an
amateur artist devisesa machine which
is shapely as well as efficient The cit
izen who is an amateur politician
brings his practical knowledge of life
to bear on tradition and theory The
man who knows something outside his
own business is alwas likely to Im
prove his business methods in some way
which would not have occurred to hlra
hail he been a man of one Idea The
old proverb which advises man to
know something about everything and
everything about something is a par
ticular good one for the American
with his ever changing surroundings
and mobile nature
the ltcioritiiitffrs Iliirxevs lili
There wns an attempted horsewhip
ping at the Brooklyn Yacht Club a few
das ago the cause of It being an al
leged Insult offered to a lady The in
dignant lady aimed with tile whip sta
tioned herself In a good place and on
the appearance of the offender march
ed up to him and attempted to beat
him about tin head and face accom
panying the bows with bcithlng lan
guage
This method of redress is more oi less
common In large cities and mci lents
like the one above recorded arouse in
the mind of the observer a questioa as
to the object accomplished by such cas
tleatlon The Idea Is of course that
thady who plies the whip has no
male telatlve to avenge the lnsujt offer
ed to her and Is thus obliged to do it
herself by thexnly means open to her
The theory seems to be that there is no
law which reaches the traducer of a
woman and if there were the victim
would not wish to be subjected to the
publicity and humiliation of a public
investigation
As far as publicity Is concerned how
ever the woman who beats a man over
the head In a public place gets about
as much of It as she would In a court
room In fact the whole aim of the
punishment Is the open shame of the
man and the avenger usually selects
a time and place for her act in which
as many as possible of the frinds of
the culprit are gathered together There
is moreover likely to be some doubt in
the minds of onlookers whether the
slander thus avenge really Is a slan
der The woman who takes just this
means of defending herself would seem
fo have something- imher make up In
compatible w Ith snrlujdng modesty and
reserv e
It cannot be cjalrded either that
such an incident ccycas much of a de
terrent to olherjoBjwnders The men
who witness It aye ikely to discuss it
among themselv es ajid their comments
are not always an inrprovnnent on the
original remark about the
avenger though shedoes not always
hear w hat Is saida It is doubtful vvheth
ed any man given to making scurrilous
remarks about women was ever hin
dered by the thought of his being possi
bl called to account by some Irate lad
with a rawhide
In fact the only good which this
method of procedure can be said to ac
complish isthe relief of the Injuied per
sons feelings and society is generally
supposed to be organized for the pur
pose of relieving injured feelings
through legal and not ph slcal methods
There are cases in which a creature
walking on two legs and called a man
but having few manly attributes can
be Intimidated and made to behave bet
ter by personal chastisement unofficial
ly administered Instances have been
known in which Indignant relatls of
women suffering from the vulgar re
marks of such bipeds have kicked the
latter down filghts of stairs or along
hard and stony streets following up the
process by a scientific thrashing and
the result has been salutary But as a
rule the most effective remedy tor the
disease Is a healthy public sentiment
There Is a story told of General Grant
to the effect that a young and callow
officer in his presence once exclaimed
I have Just heard a capital story
which I must tell ou there are no
ladles present At this point General
Grant quietly interrupted No but
there are gentlemen present And the
story was not told I might be a good
thing if there were a few more men of
this temper in clubs and smoking
rooms
Perry Heath has been heard from for
about the first time since the failure of
the Seventh National Bank He has non
been delivering himself of some opinions
1 on tho subject of Presidential candidates
IHo aas that Western sentiment is about
evenly divided between Ilanna and
velt for the Republican nomination in
1901 but that he Heath Is for Ilanna
As to the division of sentiment between
these two eminent Republicans Mr
Heath may not be accurately Informed
It seems Incredible that Roosevelt can
have as many supporters as Ilanna has
If U Is so In fact it can only be because
large numbers of Republicans do not fully
comprehend the peculiar strength of Mr
blanna s
tr observe thai MrrHcath htmself
understands the matter better and that
he like the Times believes that Mark
Hanna Is the man of all others whom the
Republicans should nominate
Paterson New Jersey is a town which
of late has been becoming wldelv known
In both henilsphT es Once there was
nothing much to make It celebrated but
the Rogers Locomotive Works But
later it developed the Tcnnie Bosschletcr
horror and then it started In to assassi
nate the sovereigns of Lurope King
Humbert of Ital fella victim to a plot
i of Paterson incubation and now we hear
that the Queen Dowager of Portugal has
narrowl escaped murder at the hinds of
1 another inti resting Paterson anarchist It
must be a lovely village to Hie in
As might naturally be expectcu the
Colombian Legation In Washington Is
confident that Germany will refrain from
taking confz ince of the Murrillo inci
dent Including the Insult to the German
flag included in It Possibly this rosj
view may be realized but if bo we shall
have to change our estimate of the
Kaisers eh iracter and patriotic temper
very sweeping If we were on the Co
lombian coast we would move our valu
ables and oursehes a dozn miles inland
and stay there for a few weeks
Acting Secretar of the Nav Crownln
shlcld This is a little too much Mr
Hackett positive must manage to be at
his post when Secretary Long Is away
The public Infliction which the absence of
both lnvolvts should never be repeated
Captain Parker of counsel for Admiral
Schley has reason to know what the temporal-
condition means Yestord ly he
was denied the ue of one of the Idle
messengers to carry books for him
Whatever he needed the old gentfVman
was compelled to hunt up and tote
himself But on the return of As Ktaht
Secretar Hackett It Is probable that he
will receive courteous treatment again
PERSONAL
George William Chaffee of Nashville
Tcnn is a twin brother of General Chaf
fee
Gilbert Parker the novelist has re
turned with Mrs Parker from a long visit
to Kg pt Dongola and Khartoum in
search of literary material
Henry L Wllso tho United States
Minister to Chile will be tendered Jin
elaborate b inquet by Chilean friends at
Santligo to mark their appreciation of
his friendly sentiments for Chile
Prof Wiidemar Schmidt the Danish
archaeologist Intends to visit all the great
museums in Burope in order to collect
materiil for the publication of a cata
logue of the Egyptian antiquities con
tained in them
One result of the greit frequency with
which Tolstos mine Ins been seen in
print of late Is that this year there has
bcn an altoneth r abnormal flood of
Am rican tourists in Russia Nearly all
of tin m go to Moscow In the hoic of see
ing the celebrated author
The Rev tho Earl of Devon who en
tered on Mondiv last Into his nlnct -first
cir is the oldest member of the House
of Lords In point of age save Lord
Gvvdr who Is not quite fifteen months
his senior The Earl of Perth Is nlnet
four and Lord Av Imer elghty sev en but
neither hns a se it in the House of Lords
Prince Alfonso of Tlavarii has received
his discharge fioro thq army of that
countr a thing which he applied for be
cause of his uiperlora criticism upon his
handling of his civaln at list fills
maneuvrcs He vas a major gtnoral Is
but thlrty iight iirs old a good sports
man and genenliy very pqpultr
The will of Juines E Ycitmin who
died at St Louis last week shows that
he lived up to the theof that it Is u dis
grace to die rich Though he was oneo a
wealthy man he pnvo ever thing to char-
it except a sman auejiry anu some iun
mturo ana
FOREIGN TOPICS
The elaborate report ot the deputy mas
ter of the British mint shows that In the
eir 1900 the output of new money In
England was bejond all precedent Here
are a few gleanings from the report
The total number ot coins struck was
076S1n reprcsentirg 102 tons of stand
ard gold 231 tons of standard sliver and
r91 tons of bronze In addition nearly 30
CWOuO pieces were struck In tho colonial
mints The money coined in England
alone amounted to 15776 IK
All clisscs of coin showed an advance
but the greatest was In gold which
amounted to 1353 1U1 or 5000000 more
than In tho previous ear The silver
coined amounted to over 2090000 and the
bronze to 108 235 The three Australian
mints turned out over K000000 in sov
ereigns and half sovereigns
A heav loss Is annually Incurred by the
withdrawal of light gold In the year un
der notice lS0OaT0O was withdrawn and
tho actual value of it proved to be 1
iiOtlS It costs roughly 24 pence pcr
piece to renew these light coins
On the other hand the mint mikes a
profit out of the coinage of silver The
silver bullion purchased and tho light
coins withdrawn from circulation cost
107935 and from that metal coins to
the vainer of 203075 were struck show
ing a gross profit of S3 per cent The
average price paid for silver was 2Sl
pence per ounce
This output of silver has only twice
been exceedd sfnee 1S1G An Increased
demand came from Australia South Af
rica Rhodesia North and South Nigeria
and other parts of West Africa and was
probably due to activity of trade and ein
ploment
The mint makes money for others be
sides England and during the year It
supplied local coinages for Hongkong tho
Straits Settlements Celon Canada
Newfoundland Oprus British Guiana
and Jamaica a total of 25933000 pieces
The Birmingham mint also made coin
ages for Canada and the Straits Settle
ments and It had to come to the aid of
the roa mint with blanks for gold
silver and bronze coins
Tho medal department has been re-enforced
nnd now has capacity for turning
out 10000 medals per week During tho
last half of tho year the preparation of
military medals was pushed on the bulk
of those struck being on account of the
war In South Africa In anticipation of
Its early termination By the end of
the year 102012 South African medals had
been struck and lsued to Woolwich to be
eugraved with the names of the recip
ients
Monster fljlng kites are being utilized
for aerial photography In the French army
this car It is a compliment to America
that the apparatus Invented by Prof Har
grave Is regarded as the most facile for
this purpose In the United States th
filing kites serve principally In the twen
ty meteorological stations between the
Atlantic Ocean and the Rocky Mountains
for dally observations In heights of from
4 000 to 5 000 feet In France the principal
purpose seems tn Teto obtain as accurate
photographs as possible of both tho array
and navy of the poepiy Tho French Gov
ernment has offered a prize for an appara
tus that will be capable ot ascending with
the he iv lest Instruments At present ob
servations are naildicapped by the lack of
carrlng strength of the kites the Har
grove being the best
It Is the custom In Algeria that the
State should stand godfather to the first
child born In a new village The small
settlement of Trols Palmlers has Just
registered Its first bith
Tranchant who has seven brothers
and sisters The Inhabitants immediately
called upon the new Governor to follow
the tradition
A census which has just been completed
In British India has brought to light the
extraordinary fact that there are In that
countr 1418 6J persons who fast and re
main entirely idlo during nine months of
ever- ear
These persons are members of tho Jain
sect and their homes are In Bengal and In
jthe provinces of Guzeraiand Rajputana
Their principal shrine Is on tho mountain
of Parasnath near Chota Nagpore and
whither they Hock every spring In order
to begin the first great fast of the ear
A Jain can easily live foe six or seven
weeks without taking even a morsel of
food and during certain festivals It is
customary for all of tbem to abstain from
food for two full months Y hen they cat
they confine themselves to vegetables for
thev never kill an animal even In self
defence
It Is their religion which Imposes upon
them the obligation of fasting but travel
ers sa that abstinence from food Is no
penance In their cae and that even If
the were all to become converted to
some other creed they would still remain
Idle and lead a severely ascetic life for
the greater part of the ear
Since King Edwards accession he acl
Queen Alexandra have for obvious rea
sons not honored an subject with a visit
but when the ear of court mourning Is
over It will be Interesting to see whether
the royal couple Will remain faithful to
the rule carl made by Victoria who dur
ing her long reign never made even the
shortest of sojourns beneath the roof of
any host who could not claim either Illus
trious birth or distinguished position Per
sonal merit and Intellectual brllllanc
were alwas recognized by Queen Victo
ria but to the insistent and increasing
-claims of mere wealth she seems to have
been indifferent As for the Ounger mem
bers of the royal family it soon became
clear that the course pursued by Queen
Victoria and the late Prince Consort need
not necessarily be followed by them but
in the case of their heir apparent and
his consort a sharp distinction was very
early drawn between those stately homes
of Engl ind where the Prince and Irlicess
of Wales stacd together in what ma be
called semi state and those mansions
where the Prince went more or less In
formally
To give an example Queen Alexandra
has never formed part of a racing house
p irtj save as the guest of such members
of the great world as the Duke and
Duchess of Richmond It would be con
sidered a grave breach of etiquette for
either a Queen Consort or a Princess of
Wales to be the guest at the home of a
bachelor So strictly has this rule been
observed that the onl exception ever
made to It b Queen Alexandra was In
favor of the noblem in who was destined
to become her son-in-law when earl In
the SOs the Princess of Wales attended a
great ball given by the then Earl of Fife
Georgiana Ijidy Dudley acting as hostess
on the occasion
Nowadas It not infrequently happens
that the host and hostess of rovaltv see
vry little of their distinguished guests
Indeed in many country houses the royal
suite ot rooms forms as it were a self
contained flat to which even a garden Is
sometimes attached and dinner has be
come the onl household meal which the
roal guests are expected to slure with
their hostess and the hitters family
A London fog Is an expensive visitation
A day of it countlrg the day at eight
hours Is estimated to cost anvthlng from
50 000 to 100 000 in hard c ish No small
proportion of this goes to the gas and
electric light compinles which have to
supply about a third more power thin
usual Hut there are also tho railways
For signaling is expensive At Clapham
Junction alone 50 has been spent a
single railway company during a da s
fog In extra pa to the plate 1 icrs When
the- red light cannot be seen at a distance
ot 100 ards tho plue lairs become fog
signalers and for this they are paid a
shilling a day in addition to their regular
wagis and Jd per hour overtime pro
vided the overtime does not run into a
second shilling
For sign lis like a cuckoo are more
frequent heard th in seen and like a
number of things such as babies cats
and crickets make an amount of noise
altogether out of proportion to their size
The largest of those In use is scircely
bigger than a crown piece and Is a quar
ter of an Inch In depth The little tin box
contains u tcaspoonful of gunpowder and
three percussion caps and Is fitted on to
the rail by a rid ribbon It comes from
fliimingham mostly nnd costs exactly a
penny apiece A hundred and flft thou
sand or so are purchased by a big rail
way compan In the ear and there are
not many left over at the end of It
A USEFUL LIBRARY BUREAU
Tho dlvfslon of bibliography of tho LI
brary cf Congress has Just brought out
A Union List of Periodicals Transla
tions and Allied Publications Currently
Recelved jn the Principal Llbrnries of the
District of Columbia It will surprise
many readers of his document to discov
er how man libraries of sufficient Im
portance for consideration In such a w ork
exist In this District The War Be nrt
ment alone has three the departnu it M
bran- proper the Adjutant General - I
brary and the Surgeon General s library
the Interior Department four the Patent
Oflice librarv the Geological Survey the
Bureau of American Ethnology and the
Bureau of Education library the Treas
ur Department two that ot th Bureau
of Statistics and that of tho Coast and
Geodetic Survey the Department of grl
culture two Its own proper and tint Of
the Weather Bureau the Department of
Stato and the Navy Department one
each nnd the Smithsonian Institution
one of which it takes entire charge and
another which it leaves In the custody of
the Librarian of Congress Then there is
also of course the greatest of all the
Library of Congress It Is notable that
11000 titles are Included In this new vol
ume which A P C Griffin chief of the
division says is about twice ns large as
th corresponding list published by the
Boston Public Library and covering the
libraries of Boston and its neighborhood
Another compilation of allied character
though prepared under the direct auspices
of the division of periodicals Is a Check
list of American Newspapers of which
sets or parts of sets are to bo found In
the Library of Congress This Includes
many quaint publications almost forgot
ten even by experts such as Stephen H
Branchs Daily H md with Truth and
Heart In It of which the library pos
sesses numbers from September 1 to Sep
tember Ji iSj
The purpose of the bibliographers Is to
get the resources of the library into such
shape as to bo readily accessible to Con
gress for whose benefit the collection was
primarily designed Mr Griffin and his
assistants keep close watch of proceed
ings in Congress and of public discus
sions outside which are liable to bear
irult in legislation and wherever a fruit
ful topic Is discovered the collection of
the titles bearing upon It is at once un
dertaken The search is not limited to
monographs or general historical geo
graphical Or statistical works but ex
tends tp magazine articles editorial lead
ers from some of the more prominent
newspapers etc Even the best speeches
which may have been made In Congress
In past times reports of committees con
sular correspondence and Presidential
and departmental messages have their
place In these works Before the out
break of tho war with Spain but when
it was apparent that Congress was liable
to get Into a wrangle over Cuba a bibli
ography of Cuba including all the maps
ancient and modern in the possession of
the Library was prepared
The same service was rendered In the
case of Hawaii before the debate on the
admission of that Republic to the United
States had got under way The Nicaragua
Canal received similar treatment with a
broad reference to material covering Pan
ama Darien and the valley of the Atra
to Tehuantepec and Honduras and the
Suez Canal Porto Rico the Danish West
Indies mercantile marine subsidies
trusts and colonization are each the sub
ject of a book and at the request of some
ingenuous member of Congress the divi
sion Is preparing a report on tbe political
boss T he bibliography of colonization is
already extensive In Its scope but is lia
ble to bo made larger still as the subject
naturally further subdivides itself It has
prov ed a very popular compilation and the
library has been obliged to bring out two
editions of it It deals with the territo
rial acquisitions of the United States prior
to the annexation of Hawaii and of the
islands acquired from Spain In 1593 has a
chapter on the expansion of the United
States between 189 and 1900 and others
about the colonics held by the several
European countries protectorates the
Far East commercial relations open
doors and spheres of Influence A
pamphlet on the Philippines has recently
been put thiough the press and a digest
of the printed archives of States and mu
nicipalities In the United States Is In
course of preparation laid out on tbe plan
ot some of the New England records with
not only the titles ot the various local his
tories etc but synopses of their several
contents
It Is not alone as a publishing office
that the division of bibliography makes
itself useful It aims to be of as much
use as possible to scholars at a distance
who need in their work Information on
special topics obtainable only from the
Library of Congress or through its agen
cy but who cannot afford a long Journey
to Washington and back The theory of
the management is tha if one of these
scholars were to come Into the reading
room he would receive every attention
tnd It is not too much to ask that the
facilities of the Library be afforded him
if he be deterred by the expense and in
convenience from coming It will require
considerable tact and judgment doubt
less to prevent this division from becom
ing a mere bureau of general information
maintained free by the Government for
the benefit of the public and used largely
by cranks and crazy persons If an idea
of the facilities it affords once becomes
widespread From Jul 1 1S99 to the
same a te In lj0 the latest to which sta
tistics are obtainable 1JM letters were
sent out from the division in answer to
enquiries The subjects covered a wide
range Including Tho Chaplns in the War
of the Revolution Opinions of Tories
on the ability of the colonists to govern
themselves The United States tlag In
Mexico in IS 17 Colonial floriculture
Raleighs colonies and Historical man
uscripts relating to Deer Isle Me
Some of the members of Mr Grlfiln s
staff do bibliographical work for their
own profit taking time outside of office
hours for this purpose Mr Slade is now
engaged In this manner on a blbiognphy
of King Alfred the Great which he hopes
to have ready to take advantage of the
interest sure to be awakened in the sub
ject by the coming commemorative fes
tivities
POLITICAL COMMENT
For the time being the adherents of Ad
miral Schley with both c es on the S imp
son letter which the Navy Department
sas it did not suppress ma well be
pardoned for asking who did suppress the
Sampson letter and meanwhile smiling
Just one little smile Phil idelphia Inqui
rer
It is remarkable how a Republican newsj
paper villi harp on the trusts about three
ears and nine months out of every four
ears and then drop the subject for the
three months preceding a Presidential
election Harrisburg Patriot
Secretary Longs gag order rorblddlng
all persons In the naval serv Ice to discuss
tho Schley affair should have been Issued
several das ago It would have saved
Admiral Svmpson from furnishing Indi
cations of the truth of the rumor In re
gard to his alleged mental condition Chi
cago Chronicle
Two more Irish Members ot Parliament
have signified their contempt of that body
b reviling the Speaker and his methods
The wonder of it all is that they do not
emplo some of their energy In attempt
Ing to force legW itlon that will relieve
some of the suffering in Erin Baltimore
Herald
While Senator Mcl aurln is probably not
a Republican in all particulars as Sena
tor Tillman intimates It Is certain that
he is receiving aid and encouragement
from the Uepublican press of the land
Chicago News
It may become necessary to lit out an
expedition to explore the Vice Presi
dency Chicago Tribune
Dr Talmages explanation that gos
means a king accounts for the fact that
Edard Is just now all agog over his coro
nation Clnclnn ill Commercial Tribune
Admiral Sampson cares not who fights
the nations bittles so long ns ho Is al
lowed to read the proof of Its history
Atlanti Journal
The Department of Justice has decided
that Mr Neely can be prosecuted and the
War Dep trtment Is In possession of ex
pert opinions to the effect that such pros
ecutlons are not calculatctl to impair tht
public service In the meantime the pub
lie would like to know what the Govern
ment proposes to do In the- matter Phtla
delnliln Times
iy5VTJ Jiv -
SEEKERS FOR THE N0R1H POLE
Evelyn Baldwin Is the youngest man
and the slightest In stature who ever
started upon an Arctic exploration He
weighs less than 110 pounds and Is only
thlrt flve cars ohl but has had the ex
perience of two Arctic expeditions Is
blessed with a cool head tireless muscles
nnd an Inflexible determination He also
possesses what U equally essential per
fect rtT reliance nnd tho power of
t T jt Is the most Important char
acteristic for the commander of an ex
pedition which Involves such risks A
man who leads mut be nble to control
himself ns well as others
Although the America Is said to be very
roomy and comfortable compared with
the ships used on previous Arctic expedi
tions she looks as lr It would
be difficult to swing a cat an where
either below or above deck Mr Bald
win has a tiny cabin fitted up like the
pantry of a Pullman dining car There
is i place for ev rythlng and everything
Is In Its place There is a stove In ad
dition to the steam radiator a typewriter
two sewing machines and a shelf which
runs around the entire cabin next the
ceiling Is filled with books of all sorts
He has a rcvojjlng globe n assortment
of guns most of which have been present
ed to him and almost everything In the
way of scientific apparatus from a tele
scope to a kodak The bridge of tho
America looks like a section of a weather
bureau with complete apparatus for
measuring the wind and the cold and the
dampness There is an automatic sound
ing apparatus at either end and every
possible contrivance for the preservation
of the ship and the protection of life and
making a record of the observations and
experiences The artist has his little stu
dio and the photographer his dark room
alongside the captains cabin while down
below the members of the staff are stow
ed away as snug as you can Imagine
There are already three expeditions In
the arctics Pear s which is on the other
side of Greenland working northward
and those of Svcrdrup and the Duke ot
Abruzzl on thb side of the globe Svcr
drup had been gone three years oa the
23th of June last and some of his friends
are expecting him home this fall He was
fitted out for five years however and no
concern Is felt about his safety Ho has
been heard from once on the east coast
of Greenland abouttwo years ago all hli
party being well and working slowly
northward Sverdnjp the sailing
master of Nansens expedition a Nor
wegian sailor modest retiring and with
out any particular scientific attainments
but he Is accompanied by competent spe
cialists He was sent out by the same
people who backed Nansen and has the
Fram the same boat which has been al
most entirely rebuilt and strengthened
From his books and lectures Nansen has
made a fortune not less than 1100000 In
the United States alone and nearly as
much more in England Germany Swe
den and other European countries His
book has been published in four different
languages and he receives a comfortable
income from the copyright Hehas pur
chased a handsome villa about four miles
from Christlania where he lives in fine
style His surroundings and behavior are
In striking contrast to those In which he
lived before he went to the arctics He
-ignores his old friends is arrogant dicta
torial and selfish at least that Is tho
story they tell at the university
Nansen was originally employed as an
attendant in the Museum of Natural His
tory at Bergen and afterward at Chrls
tianla wrtre he became curator of the
zoological department and lecturer in the
natural sciences He was not distin
guished for his scholarship or for any
thing else In particular but was well
thought of by everybody and had many
friends Since he went fartherest north
and has been a hero they d not like him
so well In addition to his large personal
fortune this achievement has given him
a life position at the head of a depart
ment in the University of Christiania re
cently established with an endowment of
a million kroner The money was raised
by a lottery and private subscription for
promoting the exploration of the seas
and its purpose Is comprehensive enough
to cover all new geographic work An ex
plorers congress which met in Chris
tiania last Ma toon up the subject of
antarctic exploration and will direct its
endeavors toward that end of the world
hereafter
The Italian Duke of Abruzzl who went
farther north than Nansen did not return
to the arctics this ear and his ship the
Polar Star is now at the Italian nary
ard In Genoa He sent up another ship
early this season in charge of his old
sailing master to look for three members
of his party who became separated from
the rest while wandering on the ice about
a ear ago and vere lost One of them
was a Norwegian engineer one a Swiss
and the third an Italian Both of the
latter are professional Alpine climbers
They are all men of experience they
know where supplies are cached and
where the stations are and the duke
thinks they have found them and are
waiting for rescue but other people fa
miliar witii the case are not so confident
The ship takes up a memorial stone to be
placed in some appropriate spot In case
the men are found dead or cannot be
triced The father of the Norwegian en
gineer accompanies the party
There s no longer any hope of Andrees
return Scientific men in this country and
experienced Ice pilots and whalers all
agree that ho could not have survived
three months Thev place no faith inanv
of the messages and signs alleged to have
come from him It was just four years
ago this very day July 11 1S37 one clear
afternoon when the wine was in the right
quarter that Andree summoned his com
panions without ceremony cut the ropes
that detained his aerial carriages and
soared away into the Arctic skies What
ever may be thought about the Drudenee
and scientific practicability- of a voyage
to tne rnortn toie in a balloon there
was never so sublime an exhibition of
human daring Indifference to danger and
death as that given by the yoang Swede
nnd his devoted companions Fraeakcl
and Strlndberg Having convinced Jilm
self and them that there is a steady cur
rent of air like the trade winds ot th
tropics from the boundaries of the Arctic
circle to the Pole they staked their lives
on their faith built a balloon and at
tempted t make the voyage
The scaffolding built for Andres bal
loon and the cabins he used fop his work
shops still stand on tho edge of the fjord
awaiting the disposition of their absent
owner a melancholy reminder which ap
peals to the sentiment of the Norwegians
who will allow them always to stand as
a monument to Andree Fraenkel and
Strlndberg
AV AVrl MOMllJlTO PLATFORM
If the mosquito Is equipped with any
degree of personal pride he must feel
highly- flattered over the attention he Is
receiving Just now Eminent scientists
are after him results of vital Importance
are ascribed to him and uncounted thou
sands evf mortals lie awake nights striv
ing to devise means to dispose of him
Now comes Mr Georgo Cromwell Presi
dent of the Borough of Richmond which
In coirmon parlance Is Staten Island ami
announces that he will run again for that
oince ana mat nis piatrorm Is to be
Health versus mosquitoes and death to
the things Mr Cromwell K is
been engaged In fighting the skeeter to a
nnisn ami row n s io lie a cao or black
flag and no quarter If his fellow citizens
will back him up Ordinary politics do
not enter Into the matter at all Party
prejudice Is thrust aside Anti expansion
anil tariff revision are laid on the shelf
It Is simply a cas of continuous war
against the common enemv until extermi
nation w ipes him out Clev el xml Plain
Dealer
om vritiKixr msuiT
The abolishment of the army canteen 3
blamed largely by high officers In the
irmy for the mi ntal trouble of most ot
the Insane patients from Manila It Is
claimed that unable to secure his usual
Vmencan liquors the thirsty private of
the United States Vrmy is willing to drink
inv thing to gratif his desire for an in
toxicating stimulant Many of the native
Jrinks in the Philippines are positively
poisonous to Caucasians and seem to ln
cvltxbly the mentality of
Americans foolish enough to Indulge In
them It Is upon the unhealthy- concoc
tions of the native distillers that much of
his army Insanity neeels be blamed To
this of course must be added the hard
ship Inseparable from nn arduous cam
nalen In a distant country of almost
mruil w ildr ess Baltimore Herald
A