So in o nliloiiinc HiKtory
American Diplomatic Questions by
John B Henderson jr Is a large volume
In which the history of various diplo
matic questions Implicating the United
States Is discussed Five general sub
jects are taken up namely the Behrlng
Sea award the lnter oceanlc canal prob
lem the Samoin question the Monroe
Doctrine nnd tho northeast coast fisher
ies The book will prow- Interesting to
an one concerned with the matters of
which It treats In regard to the seal
question the author sajs
In the enrly das of Spanish
and Portuguese exploration and con
quest ast oceans were demanded as
the property of the State With the
growth of the British navy certain ex
aggerated claims to marine proprie
tary rights were for a period ad
tanced by England but the spirit of
modern times has been s o decidedly
hostile to all attempts to cstablisn do
minion oer the sea that today civil
ized nations are disposed to tolerate
no infraction howeer slight of the
broad principle of mare llberum Tho
ultimate extent to which territorial
waters may be urged in accordance
with the present law of nations in
cludes only a marine belt of three
miles along the open coast and all
harbors and bajs whose openings to
tho sen do not exceed In w idth ten or
twenty miles or In general such
Inland bodies of water the narrowness
of whose entrances from the sea and
whose configuration clearlv indicate
them to be closed seas ine unueu
States has alwajs been conspicuously
foremost in the advocacy of freedom
of the high seas she was Indeed the
first to protest against Itusslan unwil
lingness to accept these enlightened
principles in the Pacific It is to be
regretted that in this matter the
United States should hae appeared
before the tribunal and the civilized
world In the unfortunate light of tak
ing a step backward In order to re
suscitate and reclothe a defunct me
dieval doctrine
The American cae supported the
contention tint Russia had acquired
dominion over Behrlng Sea bv prescrip
tion a tight or tltc gained by imme
morial use Alexander I hid made
formal proclamation of this title In his
ukase of ia and counsel contended
that Kussia Ind ever after enjoved full
and undisturbed possession of her as
serted proprietary right over Bearing
Sea until by treats of IX she had
parted with such rights to the United
States And it was urged that the long
period of time that Russia had remain
ed In open ndverte possession of those
waters exercising all the privileges a
nation enjoys over a territorial ex
panse of sea without protest or hind
rance had given her a full and com
plete prescriptive title which title
passed unimpaired to th I nited
States
The question of Itussla s undisputed
exercise of her alleged rights in lieh
ring Sea carrc before the tribunal as
an Issue of fact to be proved or dis
proved by weight of evidence and the
legal aFpcct of the question of pre
scription Its applicability to the pres
ent cae and its scope and force as a
principle of the law of nations were
not touched upon by the arbitrators
Jt may well be doubted that even had
Itussla rcallv been left undisturbed
as alleged in her occupation of Behring
Sea for a century or more a prescrip
tive right to 1th waters would conse
quently ensue There is abundant au
thority In International law to demon
strate that rights gained through Im
memorial ut e do net appertain to the
sea All rights of navigation fthing
etc upon the high seas arc of a na
ture tliat do not depend upon constant
use for their valdity They may be
used at will or never used at ali
tor non use cinnot Imply relinquish
ment Because a nation never sailed
n nl i nu9 flirt EM TTlflV sTlf lift
forever denied the privilege Because I
a nation has alone lleneu in a uisianc
sea inav she forever bar her neighbor
from hilling there as well Again it
is conceived that prescriptive titles
may be acquired only in such things
as are Inherently capable of acquisi
tion always implying an original or
prior grant constituting at least a
color of title It Is Incompatible with
the doctrlre of the freedom of the high
teas to suppose any one nation s ca
pable of acquiring rights theriin above
or greater than the common rights of
all nations Itw in time past and
none today venture to assert that
Behring Sea falls within that class of
enclosed water which forms an excep
tion to the general rule of mare
llberum or open free sea Such then
being the case it Is almost certain
that even had the fact of universal
acquiescence in Russias claims of do
minion north of the Aleutian Islands
been Fatlsfactorily proved a resulting
prescriptive title would not iave been
accorded by any Impartial tribi nal
The author adds In the conclusion of
this chapter
If the seals were in danger of ex
termination even under the protecting
laws of the Paris award as Is gener
ally believed to have been the case
that danger must now lie vastly In
creased Mice all restrictions have
been rcmoiJ Now still further to
aggravate the situation while Cana
dian vessels arc accorded perfect free
dom to kill seals In Behring Sea
waters American vessels tre barred
from all participation in pelagic seal
ing The laws to this effect passed by
Congress in the winter of 1W7 remain
In force and thus In the final slaugh
ter which Is promised the Canadians
will reap all the profits
In consequence of the unequal laws
governing their operations American
pelagic scaling vessels have been
driven from the field Danger of
further conflicts In Behring Sea Is les
sened but the unjust conditions which
arc Imposed upon the Americans re
main as a sequel to the closing of a
diplomatic incident which from first to
last has been disastrous to American
Interests
The author gives a somewhat detailed
history of the Inter occanlc canal pro
blem which as he bays has existed al
most ever since the discover of Ameri
ca The history of the De Lcsseps Com
pany and other companies connected
with this project Is briefly given and the
problems diplomatic questions and com
mercial considerations connected with the
building of the canal are treated at con
siderable length The conclusion to w hlch
the author comes Is In part as follows
Assuming that It were possible so
effectively to guard the channel that
Its use could be preserved to the
United States In time of conflict and
closed against the enemy the fact jet
remains that the United States is
wholly unprepared to maintain with
safety the exclusive control over the
route The protection of the American
coasts depends after all upon the
strength of the navy and all outlying
posts which must bo guarded are of
value only as they may be defende d
without too great a division of
strength
While the policy of the United
States calls for an annual Increase In
the navy there arc other Powers
whose needs will require them not
only to keep pace with the general ad
vance In armament but to maintain
for many years to come larger naval
fleets than that of the United States
Such being the case American efforts
to retain a position of exclusive ness
on the Isthmus may prove after all
to be of doubtful expediency
It may often be asserted that Eng
lands military occupation of Kgypt
and her fortifications along the route
to India together with her ownership
of a controlling Interest in the Suez
Canal Itself virtually Invest her with
political proprietorship of that chan
nel But while it Is true that the free
dom of transit Into the Red Sea has
not been subjected to the test of a gen
eral European war yet there has been
no act of England so far that violates
the terms of the Constantinople agree
ment She claims no extraordinary
political rights over the canal itself
and makes no attempt to fortify the
route Her line of possessions and
naval stations from Gibraltar to Hong
kong are permitted In no way to
threaten the neutrality of tho canal
On the contrary England has always
taken the Initiative steps In bringing
about international agreements to se
cure Its neutral character Her supe
rior naval strength undoubtedly would
give her the power In case of war to
effect a blockade of the Suez Canal
without entering within the zone of
neutrality This fact however cannot
be regarded as an evidence of Eng
lands bad faith or cited to disprove
her belief in the neutrality of inter
oceanic highways The position of the
United States with islands and coal
ing stations on cither side of Central
America would place hir In somevvhet
the s mc attitude toward the Nicara
gua Cnral
By following therefore the spirit
of international law by observing her
treaties and by inviting the nations
of the world to join In keeping open
the canal the United States deprives
herself of one doubtful advantage and
at once relieves herself of a host of
perplexHics
With the neutrality or the canal
guaranteed bv international agreement
between the great maritime Powers
there would be no nee el of fortifica
tions because in the face of so power
ful a combination rone would dare to
violate tho freedom of the route
American armies would not be needed
to defend its banks American ships
would not be called en to raie a
blockade or disperse a threatening
squadron The Lnlteel States would
escape the manv pitfalls of foreign
entanglements which the selfish policy
of sole political control must Inevitably
place In her path and thus the advo
cates of neutralization maintain by
the adoption of a more liberal policy
in Central America an inexhaustible
source- of International conllicf would
be avoided
In the chapter on the Monroe Doctrine
the two letters of the Olney Sallsbury
correspondence on the matter of the
Venezuela boundary line which were of
most importance are quoted nearly en
tire The concluding paragraphs of this
chapter which define the authors posi
tion on this question are as rollows
After all Is said on both sides of the
controversy there Is but one point
which merits serious consideration
That one point determines the applica
bility of the doctrine in even case
that Is the safety of the United
States
Self defence Is an essential princi
ple of existence It is a law of nature
that no rules of societ can accurately
define Because the Monroe Doctrine
was an invocation of this great prin
ciple of which Mr Monroe was In no
wise the author because it came op
portunely because It was so ably ex
pressed because It met with enthusi
astic approval at the time it has lived
and obtained a permanence in Ameri
can politics as though it were a prin
ciple purely American and of American
discover In reality it Is only a spe
cial or a new name for a principle of
life that is as old as the existence of
man The new name has supplanted
the old In the American mind and
whenever a threat real or fancied has
come in the shape of aggression in the
Western Hemisphere the United
States Government has asserted its
right to lnterpDse the right of self
protection but called instead the Mon
roe Doctrine The phrase Monroe
Doctrine has been preferred nnd in
the course of three quarters of a cen
tury It has wrought a weird and en
chanting influence on the American
intellect The mind becomes im
bued with a vague sense of past tradi
tions resulting In a confusion of senti
mental ideas which Impair the powers
of disci imlnation and thus the origi
nal purpose of the Monroe Doctrine
and the defensive principles which It
represents are often loct sight of In
deed the circumstances under which
the doctrine was originally enunciated
as well as the condition of American
political life previous to 1S23 were of
a nature to give Mr Monroes declara
tion a peculiar significance Fear of
European aggression in the Americas
was the particular danger that gave
the doctrine birth The United
States was comparatively a weak na
tion its system of government was
experimental and it was in conflict
Willi the monarcheal principles of Eu
rope and jealous Europe was feared
The Spanish possessions were in re
volt and offered a tempting field for
the exploitation of European arms
The American people were Impressed
with the danger that lurked In every
European advance the Monroe Doc- i
trine voiced the apprehension In a
manner that satisfied cry American
citizen
The American nation is no longer
weak Its system of government Is no
experiment Absolutism In Europe
has almost disappeared nnd liberal
constitutional rronarchles and repub
lics have taken its place There is no
Holy Alliance there is no scheme to
subvert republican forms of govern
ment but the people of the United
States have not et outlived the In
herited fears of their grandfather
and they still cherish the apprehen
sions they bequeathed They cling
to the words that proclaimed their
fears the words which Mr Monroe
announced Thus today the same cry
of alarm of three generations ago Is
still uttered The Monree Doctrine
has become a magic symbol and an
idol for national worship Thus It
comes about in course ol time after
that doctrine has unjergone numer
ous mollifications after it has b en
distorted in various was to meet the
requirements of party politics that it
has lost to some extent Us original
meaning The doctrine is supported
on other grounds than those of self
protection admittedly British occu
pation of certain tracts of land In
Venezuela could not conceivably en
danger the peace safely and Integrity
of the United States ct the Monroe
Doctrine seemed to call for action to
prevent such occupancy
The position may be maintained
with considerable force that when a
political principle obtains a supersti
tious hold upon a nation that compels
its blind observance regardless of con
sequences It Is time to cast It aside
To consign the Monroe Doctrine to Its
appropriate place of political signifi
cance in history Is b no means to
deprive the American people of self
profctlon It is only to rid the mind
of a disturbing factor In the determi
nation of foreign questions to leave
the judgment free to measure danger
by the exigencies of the present and
not the rcmembraiue of fears which
are of the past
The acquisition of the Philippine
Islands necessarily opens new fields
of dlplomac to the United States Gov
ernment To some extent at least tho
older policy of political Isolation must
give way tu that of a more intimate
connection with foreign Powers It Is
therefore all the more Important that
ever habit of thought should be sjp
pressed which prevents clear and rea
sonable consideration of all diplomatic
questions
There need be no arprehension lest
the people of the United States will al
wavs be alert and vnatchful of their
own Interests A higher principle than
devotion to the Monroe Doctrine will
guide principles of an organic law
upon which the Monroe Doctrine was
founded and of which the Monroe
Doctrine was but a single expression
It will be seen from these extracts that
the author strives to maintain n atti
tude free from partisanship and as pure
ly historical and critical as Is possible In
dealing with questions of such recent and
engrossing interest to the public New
York The Macmllian Company
An Anon moan Autobiography
The Tribulations of a Princess is nn
autobiography which possesses all the
fascination of a novel It Is said to be
a record of the life of a lady of title fa
miliar with the Austrian and Rus ian
Courts but none of the personages with
whom It deals is mentioned by name and
their Identity can only be conjectured
However as pure fiction It would be In
teresting because of the perfect piece of
characlcr drawing In the portrait of the
herolre
This heroine the daughter of a Breton
father and a Russian mother possesses
the mlnglpd traits of both races with n
singularly brave nnd buoyant nature due
probably to Inheritance from the fathers
side The opening chapters describe most
charmingly the comradeship between fa
ther and daughter during tho letters
strange childhood In disappointment at
her being a daughter instead of a son
the father ordered that his eldest child
thould until tho age of ten years be
THE TIMES WASHINGTONSUNDAY AUGUST 25 1901
brought up as a boy nnd never know that
she was not one and the result of this
training naturally was a somewhat iso
lated childhood with little companionship
save that of her father and the servants
The mother is described as an thing but
an attractive character Imperious proud
selfish and cruel The Idyllic comrade
ship of father and daughter ended with
the death of the former nnd at fifteen
through the agency of the mother the
young girl thus strangely trained was
married to a titled roue apparently of
the Russian Court Her married life
while free from intrigue is full of ad
venture and eventful In the extreme and
the story ends with her marriage after
the death of her husband to nn English
man
The book Is lllrstmted from photo
graphs and there are half a dozen photo
graphs of the princess who Is known In
Its pigts first as Pierrot her fathers
ret name for her then as Marguerite her
true name and finally as Princess Muz
zl this being as she sas a sweet
sounding foreign corruption of her flow
er name a sobriquet Invented by her new
friends her new family her new coun
try Ihire Is something almost Orien
tal about the irregularity and InscrJtabll
Ity of the face something doubtless due
to Rusrian Inheritance The Ideality of
It Is Celtic tint Is from the Breton side
of the house and Breton for the most
part this little princess is Her loalty
her courage her sense of honor all be
long to the people of the seafaring pro
vince her self control and power of hid
ing her thoughts anil real character from
her associates arc from the other end of
Europe
The book Is worth reading If only for its
first chapters In the rest of It there is
possibly a little too much of the self
conscious Introspection native to the
Russian and Irench character a ten
dency made most familiar to Anglo Saxon
readers through the diary of Marie Uash
klrtseiT but even so it Is Interesting be
cause this young girl concerns herself
more with events than with feelings
Things happen in her life too fast to leave
much room for morbid indwelling
thoughts But the first chapters are a
record of child life which like all such
records which arc true must prove de
lightful to the student of human nature
There are two or three quaint Breton le
gends In It and the atmosphere is full
of the superstitions the traditions and
the spirit of Brittany Those who read
Guenn jears ago will recognize in this
child of the old seaside castle something
of the untamable fearlessness and true
hearted affection which belonged to the
little fisher girl of Plouvenec Indeed the
scene of Miss Howards story was laid
not very far from the birthplace of this
heroine
The later chapters take the reader Into
Court life and parts of France
Germany Austria and Russia and wher
ever Princess Muzzl goes she gives a
vivid and picturesque description of her
surroundings nnd graphic character
sketches of the people whom she meets
Intense patriotism a high sense of the
conduct demanded by family tradition
and the obligations of ancestry and Im
pulsive braver and willingness to serve
are to be seen In all her acts and irajj
She establishes her own standard of char
acter and lives up to It beirg despite
her ancestry and education almost as
untaught and unguided In all moral ques
tions as a little savage Finding her
self doomed to forego happiness she ac
cepts her fate with the determination
not to whine about It or allow it to drive
her Into unworthy behavior She Is not
a saint and does not pretend to be she
is simply a high spirited and plucky girl
The story Is interesting partly from the
individuality of the heroine and partly
because It Is quite unlike an thing that
has been written In recent cars The
Martrdom ot an Empress bears a su
perficial likeness to It In being the rec
ord by an unknown author of real life
In high places but there Is no other re
semblance New York Harper Bros
J225
MIxcclllllconH IIooKs
James Martincau A Study and a Biog
raphy by Rev A W Jackson is a book
which will probably be of interest to
clergymen theologians and others con
cerned In the study of modern ecclesiasti
cal history Whether Martincau was as
great as his biographer evidently thinks
he was may be a matter of some ques
tion but that he was a strong and nec
essary link In a certain chain of religious
development there can be no question A
man of thorough scholarship conscien
tious habit and pure alms can hardly fail
to be of great use to his generation and
Martlneau was In Englard to some ex
tent what Theodore Parker was In Ameri
caan Interpreter of Unltarianlsm
There Is one passage In the chapter on
Martincau as theologian which ought to
be particularly Intel cstlng to an one who
Is attentive to theological distinctions It
Is that in which the biographer defines
Dr Martlneaus Idea of Trinltarlanism as
distinct from Unltarianlsm and It ex
presses so exactly the difference that does
exist in the popular mind that it Is
worth general quotation It Is as follows
The Unitarian genius has been pre
vailingly little speculative little mys
tical It his an Impatience or what
ever doctrine cannot he presented
with distinctness of outline Accord
ingly the Lnitartan has conceived his
God rather practlcall and as he Is
met in his relation with the universe
as Its creator anil sustalncr 1th
what God is in himself or was before
the creative Hat went forth he gives
himself but slight concern Ills Goel
is not an abstract e ssence but an
active agency He Is the Source or
Nature Soul of Souls Lord of the
Earth and Fountain of Grace appears
under every aspect that Is divine and
fills to our thought the whole space
that Is accessible to affection trust
and adoration
Such is the Unitarians one God In
one person Over against this tho
Trinitarian offers the conception of one
God in three persons Here to many
minds is a sourco of confusion ono
God three persons It contradicts
arithmetic and while It is fiercely
maintained on one side that arithme
tic must stand It Is maintained as
fiercely on the other side that arith
metic mui t stand contradicted Many
Trinitarians and most Unitarians
might well thank Dr Martlneau for
his luminous exposition of this riddle
If we use the word person here In
the distinct and definite sense in which
we- are accustomed to employ It tho
formula undoubtedly ields us three
natures whose oneness it is quite im
possible to conceive and that multi
tudes unequal to the subtleties of
Greek speculation fo u e It and thus
find In their Trinity a Trithelsm is
apparent enough But this though a
misconception to which the doctrine
Is peculiarly liable Is not nt all Us
meaning To come to its meaning
our idea of personality must part with
Its clear distinctness vve must melt
as It were saS Dr Martlneau its
edges avay until the sharp outline 13
gone and we can no longer tell where
one ends and another begins for both
merge in a common ground We
must think of the three persons as so
many nuclei of Intenser light distin
guishable amid the universal element
of divine thought around which the
attributes cluster with a certain pref
crentiil affinity without hovvevir
ceasing to exist In the seme essence
of which all arc alike- ulhrmablc In
short the ground color of the doctrine
Is laid In the Greek Pantheism which
conceived God as the thinking power
of the universe In comparison with
this infinite element personality Im
plying concentration and distinction
of qualities appeared finite and Inade
eiuate To reconcile the two to retain
the mystic breath of the one with
the- human Intensity of the other
personal differences were superinduced
upon a divine essence th it underlies
them nnd the absolutely One i re
vealed as relatively Three If Trini
tarian apologist has ever offered a
more satisfactory account of his doc
trine we have not met it
From this account of the doctrine It
is easy to seo that distinct predicates
regarding the First Person should be
difficult to form He may be vaguely
conceived like space without worlds
or like life without living beings but
of him little can be said Accordingly
vhile multitudes of Trinitarians talk
of the doings of the Father as famil
i irly as of those of the elder Lord
Shaftesbury the Trinitarian c0
deeply studied give them no vrrant
for so doing The creed indeed
speaks of the First Person as Maker
of heaven and earth nnd of nil things
visible and Invisible but this does not
distlrguish him from the Second Per
son or whom it is affirmed that by
him all things were made A harmony
of these two statements is easily real
ized by remembering that the creative
net Is peculiarly the Sons that only
os acting through the Son is it re
ferred to the Father And according
to the creed is the teaching The fash
ioning of the weirlil the creation of
man the shaping of the long drama of
hlEtorv the redcmotlon the final
judgircnt are not of the Father but
of the Son Whatever Is done Is
through the agency ot the Son The
one fundamental Idea by which the
two personalities are meant to be dis
tinguished Is simply this That the
first Is God In his primeval essence
Infinite meaning without final Indica
tions the second Is God speaking out
In phenomena and fact and leaving his
sign wherever an thing comes up
from the deep of things or merges
back again
The reason then why the I lrst
Person Ields so few predicates Is
plain enough The moment anyth ng
arises it Is the Son Around him
therefore as their natural centre clus
ter all events all phenomena of na
ture life history through which an
impression of the Divine is borne In
upon us The firmament showeth tho
handiwork and the heavens tell the
glory of the Son and since nil dis
tinctive tokens of the Divine are thus
of him the Father Is but a blank of
Infinite possibility the occult potency
of all perfection but the realized stage
of none nnd though we mav say he
Is the abss how deep or the heav
en how high he et offers no peculiar
power or grace by which the mind
can lay hold upon him He Is neces
sary as a background to our thought
but presents no outline In the fore
grounds He Is as the vault that holds
the stars yet were Itself Inscrutable
ami unguesseel but for them
This most fruitful exposition It Is
not needful to follow further The way
out of the Trinitarian controversy as
he would show it Is through the recog
nition of a common conception under
different names The Trinitarians
Son Is essentially the Unitarians Fa
ther The Unitarians Father is any
thing but a colorless and metaph st
eal absolute he Is the creating sus
taining guiding power of the universe
Its manifest wisdom life and love
nnd the Trinitarians Son Is Just that
When the Unitarian sas Father tho
Trinitarian understanding him from
his own mind supposes him to refer
to that Impalpable abstraction the
FlrstPerson of hlsTrlnltyln whom the
Unitarian as such has scarcely any
Interest at all Not unnaturally there
fore the Trinitarian conceives a cold
ness and lovelessness fundamental in
the Unitarian faith a mlsjudgment
scarcely Intelligible to the Unitarian
On the other hand when the Trinita
rian sa Son the Unitarian Is almost
sure to limit his view to the Jesus
Christ of history and ho Is quite ag
grieved that a man should be thus
lifted to a God To the Trinitarian
however the historic character is only
the earthly apparition of a power and
grace that know no time limitations
but are coexistent with the life of
God
In short each ot these sects Is thrash
ing bravely away at a man of straw as
Is the case In most theological controver
sies The theologian attacks not the Idea
of his antagonist but his Idea of that idea
which may or may not be somewhere near
the truth Boston Little Brown Co
Reminiscences of Morris Stelnert Is
a book of autobiography which apart
frcm Its personal Interest possesses a
certain fascination due to the pictures
which It affords of the scenes of the au
thors early life and the circumstances In
which he pursued his studies A record
which extends over nearly seventy ears
and comprises experiences In connection
with the early musical history of this
country cannot fallto have some points
of general Interest to the public It
proves at any rate that the path of the
German musician in America in ante
bellum das was not one of roses or If
it was the thorns were more in evidence
than the Hovers Born In Bavaria hav
ing met Jenny Llnd and Henrietta Son
tag durirg his bo hood and passed some
years In wandering over Europe the au
thors subsequent experiences Include
cello plaIng In connection with the
Mario Grlsl tour agency for a piano firm
and music teaching in a small boarding
school of Thomasvllle Ga before the
war An Incident which occurred during
his sojourn in Savannah as a music
teacher Is rather funn as illustrating
the attitude of the German musician to
ward the land of barbarians as he seems
to have regarded It In which he found
himself He says
The state of musical culture which
then prevailed In that section of the
South was not In keeping with the mu
sical culture which I had found In my
travels in Europe and for that reason
what I am about to relate did not sur
nrlso me One day a young man by
the name of Farrell applied to me for
Instruction upon the pianoforte He
was about twent one ears old and
was associated with his brother in the
grocery business He was also the
leader of the choir In the church where
I plaed the organ nnd under whose
auspices I was engaged and so I un
dertook to teach him the nnrvf pi ino
plalng I have alvvas lookeel upon
Mozarts Don Juan as the gospel of
lrlc opera and for that reason I kept
the score of this Immortal work on my
piano and every day I reveleel In the
beauty of the heavenly composition
One evening when Farrell came In for
his lesson he noticed the score on my
music rack nnd In an Inquisitive way
said as he pointed to it What Is that
professor a title which I must have
obtained from the University of the
Grocery i told him that it was a mu
slcai composition of great merit by Mo
zart whereupon he said Who Is this
Mozart Does he live In New York
I hastened to enlighten his Ignorance
by saying that Mozart was born In
Salzburg that he hail died many ears
ago but that his name was known all
over the world as a great musician
Great musician eh said Tarrell
You are a great musician too Now
then whats the difference between ou
and Mozart I tried In vain to explain
the small difference that existed be
tween us but I fear it was useless for
Farrell continued to look upon me as a
uslclan quite equal to the master
Of course an American music teacher
would not have expecteel a grocers clerk
to know who Mozart was and evidently
after this experience and others which
were similar Herr Stelnert did not expect
American grocers clerks to know It
either New York G P Putnams
Sons
The Story of King Alfred by Walter
Besant la the latest addition to a Library
of Useful Stories intended apparently
for the reading of - oung people The au
thor makes this a little too apparent to
suit the average American reader his his
tory of King Alfred reminds one rather
of Robinson Crusoe in Words of One
S liable and like volumes printed for
children But an one who wants to get
at the facts of King Alfreds life without
much outlay of money or time will find
this book useful The author h is laid es
pecial stress on the work of this great
leader In the molding of English thought
and character and upon the difficulties
with which he had to contend There Is
much eiuotlns from old chronicles and the
life of the time Is reproduced as well as
It can be In so small a work and with
such scant materials from which to se
lect New York D Appleton Co
35c
Whither is as the sub title states
a study of immortality by William Ed
gar Slmonds The author Ins evidently
thought seriously nnd rather deeply on
the subject which he discusses and has
approached It without prejudice which Is
n great thing but It cannot be said thnt
he has reached any very definite conclu
sion or said anything vet- new More
over In discussing Buddhism and the the
ory of reincarnation ho somewhat falls to
grasp the true nature of tho subject and
to appreciate the actual point of view of
the Buddhist However the book Is
worth reading as any thoughtful and
honest expression or opinion by an Intelli
gent man Is likely to be New York
John B Alden
Ilee ent lIcfloii
The Supreme Surrender is a novel of
Washington life by A Maurice Low It
has been a matter of marvel for some
time that nobodj has as jet put Wash
ington Into fiction In some was it is
the most fascinating city in the United
States and offers the most Interesting
field for character studv but while other
fields have been sowed and reaped and
even planted with a rotation of crops
novelists have left Washington alone or
only worked a little around the eelges
The reason for this curious phenomenon
may be that those who know the city
best do not know how to write nnd those
who know how to write do not know the
city It only remains to put the new
novel Into one class or the other and In
this case It seems to belong to the first
Mr Low certainly knows his ground but
he Is not exactly an adept at novel writ
ing
Of course It Is rather a risky business
to try to put Washington society Into a
book One must use the characters of
people who are still alive for there
Is not enough ancient history about the
town to make It possible to do an thing
else and the Lincoln novel Is used up
In using the unwritten history ot the
Capital and there is erough of It for a
whole library of fiction one must be ex
tremely careful to dodge references to
passages which are too Interesting es
pecially If one is likely to want an thing
of the people to whom they refer Mr
Low- has constructed his story in such
a way that the chronology Is a mixture
of at least three Administrations possi
bly more and his cutting cynicisms and
brilliant sarcasms It v ould be Impossi
ble to write a political novel without
making It brilliant are thus to some ex
tent shot Into the safe medium of the
circumambient atmosphere He has used
Speaker Reed and a little incident In the
life of the late Senator Davis and Lord
Pauncefote and one or two other well
known characters but he has done It In
a way not likely to hurt their feelings
For the rest he has so mixgled his char
acter studies that the effect Is something
like that of a well made French soup
one Is morally sure that It has certain
vegetables in it but cannot tell Just how
the knowledge came
In one essential respect however the
author has failed emphatically Ho has
left out his realism No live people in
Washington anil no people In love any
where at any time ever talked as his
lovers do One suspects that they are
sometimes employed In exploiting the
authors views on social relations and his
Ideas on American political life for they
certainly are voluminously eloquent on
those subjects He dogmatizes on Wo
man with a capital W and on statesman
ship as it is worked In the Senate and
on various other subjects which are not
entirely new under the sun with a naiv
ete and fresh cynicism which are sur
prising In short the dominant senti
ment of his book seems to be I have
been oung and now am old yet have I
not seen the righteous man In politics
And this observation Is not nearly as
startling as that In the original Bible
New York Harper Bros J15Q
The Land of Cockane by Matilde
Scrao is a story ot Neapolitan life deal
ing with tho lottery and the baleful In
fluence which It exerts over all classes of
this population Italy it would seem ha3
felt the subtle tendency of tho present
age of fiction making which leads the
novelist to construct his work around
some Institution of the country making
this the central figure as It were and
the human characters scarcely more than
marionettes This docs not preclude the
development of Individuality In the
marionettes any more than it docs In real
life Tate may rule ones circumstances
without changing ones character
The title of this book refers to a mythi
cal Land of Cakes a country of idle
ness and luxurious ease and It is some
thing like this which the lottery offers
to tempt the pleasure loving Neapolitan
The characters range through all classes
of society from the Marquis dl Formosa
last of the ancient house of Cavalcanti
and his daughter Bianca Maria in whom
the gambling fever rises to the heights of
tragedy to the wretchedly poor cigar
makers and street peddlers In whom It
becomes squalid and grotesque misery
They arc all Neapolitans good and bad
rich and poor possessed of the character
istics of their race but each Is strongly
individualized and the character drawing
Is perhaps the most striking proof of the
authors genius Some of the descriptive
passages are also extremely fine notably
the chapter dealing with the carnival
that In which the lottery drawing Is de
scribed and that which pictures a chris
tening In a middle class home The book
Is Intensely dramatic and fascinating in
spite of Its sombreness ot motive New
York Harper Bros J150
Literary vote M
To the Increasing throng of pilgrims
who seek for sweet content beside the
crlspeel spring amid bosky dells or green
meadows McCIure Phillips Co offer a
rich treat In two new books of nature
Lovers of the Woods by W H Board
man and Songs of Nature edited by
John Burroughs The former Is already
refreshing the public with its balsamic
wood lore The latter a selection of tho
best and truest English nature verse Is
In print to be issued in the fall
Two books by the late Dr Mandell
Creighton arc to be published this fall
One consisting of various charges and
addresses will be entitled The Church
and the Nntlon The other Is a memoir
of Sir Georgo Grey
The autnor of When Knighthood Was
In Flower Mr Charles Major has writ
ten a new novel which Doubleday Pago
Co will have ready in a few- weeks it
is called The Bears of Blue River apl is
made up of tales of Indiana In the ea ly
twenties
Among the several books of fiction
which Messrs A C McClurg Co an
nounce for the fall season are a new story
by Georgo Horton the scene of which Is
laiil as was that of his Like Another
Helen in Greece a historical romance by
a new writer Charlton Andrews entitleel
A Pnrflt Gentil Knight dealing with life
In the reign of Charles IX of France and
Lady Lee a collection of stories of
horses and other domestic animals
The Critic which has made a spe
cl ilty of exploiting Russian novelists has
a critical sketch of Dmitri Merejkowski
by Herbert Trench in its September num
ber Merejkowski is thought by those
who know best to be the equil of
Slenklewicz
Max Mullers library has been bought
by Baron Iwasakl and presented to the I
University of Toko which is building
a new hall for the reception of tho books
to be called the Mat Muller Library
There are nearly 13000 volumes In the
collection Eighty one Sanscrit MSS are
also included in It The Japanese wanted
the books so much that if Baron Iwasakl
hail not purclnseil them they would have
been acquired by the high priest of a
great Jannpcse mon istery In presenting
the library the baron sas I elonate the
whole to the university with the hope
that by the memory of Prof Max Muller
we may create Interest In the studies ln
III itcd by the professor and benefit all
those engaged In researches In the same
fleids of learning The only conditions
Imposed b the elonor are as follows
First That the library be kept separate
ly tinder special care In oreler to com
memorate the name ot the original owner
Second That the library be open to any
student engaged In studies similar to
those of Prof Max Muller
Third That the university will carefully
avoid all danger of loss or Injury
CUBSENT VERSE
Tlir Fn lit c of the rirat Cocoon
Ancifnt tho fto ancient tlie forest
Whm tLe Utjdids Call
Bertie and butterflies olen and caudj
lathered to dance at a ball
Wild with the and the eiddr nuiurka
lUind with the frolic am fun
Tef a buttr noticed the lairie
Hiding and unUhingt uot one
Out from the ambush of bowlder and terry-
Itu dicd tlie f4t fairies and ere
An could mh the guests were Imprisoned
Caught by the fairv folk there
How can we dance if we Uvent the mums
Or follow the sleeps and the awing
Mow can we do itT inWtfd the fainr
the giuze and the winffst
There in the berry bush there In the forest
lathered the fairies about
IMuckin the wines of the beetles and golden
Wnp i of the butterflies out
Then nlth the uinga they Iiad ttolen the rob
bw
Dancing around and around
Floated and fluttered in miincal measure
bcarecly a toe on the ground
Down in the Ivy and down In the grasps
single and tigly in shame
Scattered the butterflies broken In rpirit
Changed in their nature and name
Once the companion of linnet and robin
Up in the regions of song
Now but the wiggle worn worms ot the wood
land
Creeping and crawling along
Blighted in beauty and robbed of the golden
Uings and the mottled and blue
Uandercd one Worm in the dawn of the autumn
Then of the thUtle and dew
Shelter it made for the shame and the winter
Made in the light of the moon
Such is the eong of the fairies the simple
bong of the first cocoon
From the New York Sun
The rulrcst Gift
If I might give the uorld one gift
And thooae it as I pleased if through
Seme miracle twere mine to lift
A land and thereby set a new
Condition over men I would not strew
Before them riches that they seek today
I would not be Induced to sweep away
One task that God has given them to do
I would not make the dark days fair
Sot cuib the bitter vwdd that blow
Xor deck the streams with Hhw where
The angry muddy waters How
I would not bringthe lordly inater low
Xor raise the servant up who cringes now
lie that Is plowing still should guide the plow
Tears still should wash away the widow a noe
I would not heed Ins bitter cry
Who calls upon the poor to wrest
From them whose palace wall are high
Cold for the starring and oppressed
But he that has within his honest breast
The fear that wrong is spreading here below
I would with glad conviction give to know
That Gods world still ia rising to its bet
S K Kiscr in the Chicago Itectrd Uerald
Mountain Mint
Upon the distant mountains crest
Day after day I saw the blue
About me all was cloudy grey
I longed so for the mountain hue
I climbed to reach it glad of hart
Though weary slow my footstep- grew
The rocky heights were grim and hire
TLe bluebells held die only blue
The top I reached nor aw it there
The sweet mirage fled on before
Vet at the foot I found It still
Hanging the silent summit oer
I seek and seek but ihall not reach
That hue alluring as the sea
The bluenexa which wai never there
But which forever there will be
Hattie Tyng Criswold in the Boston Tran
script
llesnrffani
I said to my grief We two must part
Part now and for aye I sad
So I buried It deep deep down in my heart
It w dead I cried It ia dead
As I laid it down in its burial place
It stared with threatening eyes
As the irrave cIoed over its mocking face
I shall rise it said I ihall rise
And oft as I sit in the twilight gloom
My heart stands still at its fear
For a whimper creeps through the lonely room
I am here it says I am here
Edith Sessions Tupper in the Smart Set
Sheep Herding
A grey slow moving dust bepowdered wave
That on the cdees breaks to scattering pray
Round which mr faithful collie- wheel and bark
To scurry In the laggard feet that stray
A babel of complaining tongues that make
The still air weary with their ceaseless fret
Bronn hills akin to those of Halilee
On which the shephcrdi tend their charges yet
Tlie long hot days thr stark wmdbcaten nights
No human presence human sight or sound
Grim silent land of waited hopes whre they
Who came for gold ofttimes hare madness
found
A bleating horror th it foregathers speech
Freeilng the word that from the Up would pass
And sends the herdsman groveling with his sheep
Face doun and beast like on the trampled
grass
The collies halt the slow herd sways and reel
IluilJIed in frl ht above the low ravine
t here wild with tlnrt a herd unshepherded
Btat up and down with something dark be
tween
A narrow circle that they will not cross
A thing that stops the maddet in their run
A guarding dog too weak to lift hLi head
iho licks a hand still shriveled the sun
Sharlot M Hall in Land oi Sunshine
Twilight In the City
The violent billons of the tide of day
Unintermittent in their thunder tone
Hare fallen at lat into a minor moan
Like a retreating sur ound far away
The sunset shades Into grev
And a faint breeze from oS the ocean blown
Up the long avenues of cruel stone
Brings soothing reminiscences of spray
The strenuous step relaxes everywhere
fen if the eje the swarming purlieus scan
Twilicht bequeaths its purple peace for boon
See in the corner of jon squalid square
W here nimble ekes of rags and dirt and tan
Dance gleiful to some hurdy gurdy tunel
Clinton Scollard in the Smart Set
QtieMt1
When the sunshine filled the sky
And the days were long
Then we went m heart and I
Huntirg with a song
For a Sigh
Now when all the nights are long
And the winds are high
Go we though with faith less strong
Hunting with a sigh
For a Song
-Margaret Vandcrgnft in the Atlantic Monthly
Midnight
The moon crept over the mountain edge
Vnl made a path ot Iisht
The clouds swept over mv hoping heart
And made of it dark night
Th n of a sudden the wind arose
I tke a giant out of the sea
Phying and tossing the feathery film
Miowering light oer me
Ah the sweet peace that folows pain
Tlie silent sacml rt 1
Soul oi m soul thine incense I breathe
Dreaming the night blest
Mary Forney Thunder in Lippincotts
Indirection
Ambition swift and eagle eyed
V will that does not bend
A comprehension detp and wide
Courage unto the end
A faith tried even as b fire
Taste inborn and select
Morals that vield to no desire
Manners that win rr peet
All faculties of irind cumplite
The feelings warm anil true
A soul unconqut reil br iMeat
man who gets h due
Vet having all and lacking this
Vmld the worldly strife
He is a failure who shill miss
The single aim in life
Charles Mcienon in New York Herald
Two Iullllli
The paint was cracked on the doll babys face
Vml the rumpled hair would not curl
Hut with motherlj knulness she saw only trace
The dear little mite of a girl
She hail no shoes for the lare bniktn ftct
Hut the Ilockabv Ladv came m ir
When the little so sleepily sweet
Sang Lullaby lullahj dear
There weie pitiful sears on the liltlc boy face
Hut she found a beauty somewhere
And the womans heart brule when she saw the
dim place
Where they laid him to sleep with a prayer
But still theres a song in the hudi of the night
For the angels came down very near
And with fingers of rest on the Child Womans
sight
Sing Lullabv lullaby dear
Kathcrino La large Norton in the Smart Set
NOTES AND QUERIES
TThit It the pr lu of a ihuc of StinJird
Oil tock H D a
One hundred dollars
Which I tbe Urgeit ChrUtlan denomlnttion trj
the world I R B
The Itoman Catholic
flhat was the population of Lulfport Min Ia
lOwr H 3
One thousand and sixty
V here Is the deepest place in the Taclac Ocean
ami liow deep is Itf E C
Xottheast of Japan SOCuO feet
What has become of Major B D Buck
V I P
Ife Is captain of the Sixteenth Infantry
In what jear was Waco Tex oumlolt J A
It was surveyed as a town In 1S19 ana
Incorporated In 1K
Has Minister Conger reached PeVin
FRKDERICK
Yes He arrived there August IS
U there a society of Tegetarians in the United
Elatesf J e
df 5fT M J aubb lK3 Foulkroa
Street
Philadelphia is its president
IIow did the boulders set scattered on our
prairies j j
ThroiiRh the ncency of glaciers that In
some cases carried them for many miles
Vihen was the lutlonal encampment of tha
Brand irmjr ot Itepublic held in Washing
ton 2 Vias It eTcr held in a Southern city
O A It
In Ausust 1SS2 2 Yes In Iuisvllle
Ivy In ltt
What I- electro radiationf T II C
The- transference of electro magnetic In
duction in waves or the energy thus
transferred It Is believed to be light ot
very great wave length
Is it not a fact that South Carolina grant
neither marriage licenses nor divorces V
She does not have any divorce laws
and In common with some other States
permits marriage without a license
Hoir many United States Sub Treajrorles ars
there and where are they located J B K
Nine located in the following cities
Baltimore Boston Chicago Cincinnati
New Orleani New York Philadelphia St
Louis and San Francisco
What was the ratio ot the number of people
who voted to those who did not vote in Ohio
In 1SJJ9 y ji
As about one to three and a half tho
latter standing ror tho entlro non votlne
population
Which djes farter linen or cotton 2 Does a
fjstem ot toll roads prevail generally In the
lountry districts of England O D
Linen though It does not take readily
so many dyes ni the other 2 No nearly
all the old turnpikes have passed Into the
hands of the local boards their specula
tive builders In many caies having lost
heav lly
ii hat was t Latin Union E C T
An international monetary association
formed lu 1V3 between France Italy
Switzerland and Belgium Greece and
Koumania entering arterward It pre
scribed the denomination fineness and
weight of the coins to be struck and
rnns pd tYlc fnlnntra se c r li
----0 VUC fc jut ucr
pieces without limit at th ratio of 156 to
1 Sliver depreciating the coinage ot
these pieces was limited In 1S71 and abol
ished in VStO
When were timber claims first permitted on
Government land Just what sort of land is
sold as such claims C B P
By tho act of June 3 1XTSL This applied
only to California Oregon Washington
and Nevada but an act of August 4 Its
extended It to all the pc ollc land States
2 It must be valuable cnielly for timber
or stone unlit for cultivation if the tim
ber were removed unreserved uninhab
ited and without other Improvements ex
cept for ditch or canal purposes than
have been made by or belong to the appli
cant Valuable mineral deposits bar the
land from entry under these acts The
land acquired which must not be over 160
acres must be in one body
How Is it customary to aiTange the term of
insurance on a vessel and carrot 2 How can I
read up the methods of marine insurance
A L S
Insurance on the ship begins at the port
from which It Is insured and lasts until
it has been at anchor in safety twenty
four hours at the port to which it Is In
sured Insurance on cargo begins at once
It Is loaded and continues until Its dis
charge at the port of destination Insur
ance on the earnings of the vessel for
carrjlng cargo begin and termi
nate with the cargo Insurance
2 Its literature is vast jou should find
some of It in any sizeable library In en
cyclopaedias If not in books of Its law
What is the Scotch snap Z What are the
denominations of the British coinage and of the
Bank of England Issue of notes U
The reverse In music of the dotted note
with the hort note after It that Is In
the Scotch snap or catch the short note
comes first It abounds In old reels and
some Scotch songs 2 The authorized gold
coins are five pounds two pounds sov
ereign and half sovereign silver crown
double florin half crown florin shilling
sixpence groat or fourpence threepence
twopenjce and penny and bronze penny
half penny and farthing Some of these
are issued but rarely The notes are live
ten twenty fifty one hundred two hun
dred live hundred and ono thousand
pounds
I can remember the time when the common
potato bug was styled the Colorado beetle and
was deemed a novel nuisance How did it come
from Colorado or what is its histor 2 How
long does it take a bug to reach the adult age
0 W L
This Insect was first described In 1S21
as peculiar to northern Missouri and as
feeding on a wild plant of the potato
family When next heard of It was at
tacking potatos In Nebraska this in 1SK
From then It spread steadily reaching
the Atlantic coast In 1SH Meanwhile it
had picked up its present name 2 A lit
tle over a month the eggs hatch in about
a week the larva burrows in the earth
when from two to three weeks old the
beetle Issuing In from seven to ten days
Where can a book be secured giving the
geology of crude oil formations L W A
At any good book store or perhaps the
article on this topic In an encyclopaedia
will do Petroleum and natural gas al
ways occur together and in porous beds
contained between impervious strata
all the strata being more or less
arched The arch formation ena
bles the contents of the porous
bed to separate according to their respec
tive specific gravities at the greatest
depth is brine above this oil and atop
this the gas An impermeable cover to
this bed Is an essential of the formation
The pressure under which oil and gas are
found Is hydrostatic and identical with
that of artesian wells
n ill jou give me an idea of the cost of the
power employed in making a barrel of flour
from wheat z Unl our Indians practice tattooing
generally If so for what purpose W A M
We find It stated as from 14 to 3
cents for water power and from - to
G cents for steam power 2 Most tribes
practiced it It was considered decora
tive and served for purposes of Identifi
cation and ransom the latter especially
among the women when captives Then
lines were made on the inner side of the
forearm to indicate the length and value
of strings of beads used as currency
Prairie nnd lake Indians tattootd over dis
eased spots to cast out the offending de
mon and It has been said of Virginia In
dians that their tattoo marks indicated
rank and social status
Is there a West Point Alumni Asaociation
CS
No but there Is an organlzttlon kno vn
as the Association of the Graduates of the
Inited Statis Military Academy All
gr uluite of the Academy In good stand
ing are eligible for membership The a
soclntion has for Its object the cherishing
of the memories of the Military Academy
at West Point and the promotion of so
cial Intercourse nnd fraternal fellowship
among lis graduates Its work has been
largely historictl and it attempts to kvep
the history of every graduate of tho
Academy both in the army and in civil
life Gen Gtorge W Cullum on his
diith gave to It its home in the magni
ficent Mcmnrlil Hall at Wet Point and
ch irgid it with the pcpetuatlon of his
Biographical History of the Graduates of
the Academy The association was formed
as a result of a meeting cilled May
liCS by Gen Robert Anderson of Sumter
fame In the office of Dr Horace Web
ster West Point ISIS Prestdtnt of tho
College of the City of New York Gen
Sylvnnus Thayer The rather of the
Military Academy was Its first presi
dent