most neglect at the least loss; but
therein lies one of the chief values
of dairying as an occupation It fur
nishes constant employment and re
quires considerable intelligence; but
for both. It pays the highest returns.
We should breed more dairy cattle
because there Is always a demand for
them, and at the present time the de
mand Is strong.
The little town of Starkvlllo. Miss.,
_ L. ( .. .. .1 f t' en e Inn In
nil i «» wv • ■ •• ■
of dairy cattle during the year 1909,
and beyond doubt, tho net per cent
of profit on these cattle was greater
than on the cotton which was ship
ped during the same year.
As population Increases, and hu-'
man food becomes more scarce, the
dairy cow increases In numbers, be
cause live stock have been found es
sential to a high degree of soil fer
tility, and the dairy cow Is the most
economical producer of human food.
At the present time dairying Is
the safest line of farming In the
South. With fair Intelligence, which
will enable one to use the dairy
knowledge now available to all, the
• i m _ _
'liinj innuer tan not iail. M6 Will
Increase hia soil fertility and make
money, the two facts which consti
tute successful farming. The dairy
cow is queen of farm animals. May
she assume her proper place In the
farming of the South!
MAKE PORK FOR THREE CENTS A POUND.
That la What Home Georgia Farmer* are Doing and What Thou
aanda of Other Farmer* Can Do—More Money In Pork Than
In Cotton.
IT HAS BEEN* the experience
of those who have tried pas
- turlng for pigs that pork can
be profitably rnlsed In the Southern
States, especially on the sandy loam
solla. Pork production on pastures
of cowpea*. soy beans, sweet pota
toes. peanuts, Bermuda grass, etc.. Is
a paying business. Of course, the
farmer who depends upon the com
crop alone finds that his hogs will eat
their heads off during one season.
The first requirement In raising pork
Is a good pasture, and the farmer
must not expect poor land to give
satlsfartlon as a hog pasture. With
a good permanent pasture of Ber
muda and clover and annual pastures
of the crop* named above, the farm
er of the Southern States can grow
pork at from one to three cents per
pound.
Must Have I’inlurr to Make Cheap
Pork.
Mr. William Oreene. of Macon
County. Georgia, ha* been putting
hi* pork on the mark’t for several
year* at a cost of 2i to 3 cent* per
pound. HI* permanent Bermuda
grass pasture contain* some of the
best land on the place—land that
was making a hale of cotton per acre
when sodded. In connection with thla
pasture he has a good spring and
swamp where they obtain good water
and *ome food In the form of worma,
root*, etc. He ha* several field* ad
joining the pasture In which la plant
ed rye for winter and early spring
grating, wheat for later spring grat
ing. Bermuda gras* a* a summer pa*
lure, pennuta. green peaa and aweet
pntntne* for the fattening of the hoga
and turnlpa aa a late fall and winter
feeding.
Invented In ll«g* and Pasture
and Made ItMtfl Clear Profit.
The Groover Brothera. of Bullock
County. Georgia, have been growing
pork for aevernl yenra at a coat of
11 centa to 3 eenta per pound on a
free wood rnnge nnd paaturea of vel
vet henna, aoy beana. ground peaa.
field pena. nnd aweet potntoea. Their
atock of hoga la a mixture between
Berkahlre and the common breeds
They run at large In the swamp* dur
ing the spring and early winter, feed
ing on herbs and grasses. In Au
gust they are turned Into the potato
Held* and transferred to the peanuts
and cowpeaa as these crop* ripen.
The porker* are sold from September
to December In the city of Savannah
at from 7 cent* to 11 cent* per
pound. The breeding hogs are kept
throughout the winter on the velvet
bean pod* whlrh are very hardy and
do not decay for several months.
Nothing I* harvested—the hog* be
ing allowed to graze on all the crops
The peanut*, cowpea*. velvet beans
and soy beans for fall and winter
pasture* are usually planted in rows
In the corn middle* and after the
corn Is harvested the hogs graze off
the remainder. Potatoes are plant
ed in a separate field early In the
spring and are ready for graslng In
July and August.
By following this system for the
last eight years these farmers have
found that pork can be raised at
from IS cents to 3 cents per pound.
In 1907 they Invested $200 in hogs
and pastures and received^ return of
$800. a profit of $600.
Most of these hogs were pastured
in a field of seven acres, which was
grown In corn, cowpeaa and velvet
beans. The profit on the hogs, how
ever. was not all the profit, as the
improvement of the lend In this field
Increased the yield of cotton In 1908
one-half bale per acre over what the
uqiu pruuuvcu in wuu iup
*ame seed, methods of cultivation
and fertilization.
How Mr. B. Harris Makes Cheap
Pork.
Mr. B. Harris, formerly State Pres
ident of the Farmers’ Union of South
Carolina, has been growing pork for
several years at a cost of S cents to
S cents per pound. This, however. Is
grown on pastures and not by the
costly feeding of corn. Mr. Harris
grows clover, barley, rye, wheat, and
oats for early spring feed. He
wishes nothing better than Bermuda
grass as a permanent summer pas
ture He also grows to success sweet
potatoes, peanuts, pumpkins, toma
toes. beets, turnips, and sorghum
! cane. On these crops he has beeu
growing pork at a cost of S cents per
pound. He says a hog is a natural
grazer, and If he gets the chance will
do his part. Mr. Harris lives In the
Ptefimont oeit or Anaenion uoumy.
South Carolina, and In one year he
sold $200 worth of pic* from one
half an acre of Bermuda crass.
The Cheapest IMan let.
Mr. B. H. Thompson, of Aurora.
V. C., claims that on the red clay
lands he Is able to crow his bacon at
less than one cent a pound. Hla
principal pasture Is red clover, crim
son clover, timothy and herds’ crass,
tall meadow oat crass, and orchard
grass. His hoc* grate on these
grasses all winter and spring, costing
. A L I Ak. I..... If. now M M n
I11MIIIII5 lUVll IWV|J. • tuviu)f
son harvests enough hay from this
pnsture to pay for the rent of the
land and the trouble of looking after
the hogs, thereby ranking his pork
entirely free of cost. The pigs Injure
the hay crop very little In graslng
over the fields In winter and spring.
This farmer has used this system of
growing pork for fifteen years, and
many of his neighbors nre now fol
lowing his methods.
J. P. CAMPBELL,
U. 8. Dept, of Agriculture.
“Recipe for educating your child
ren: Educate yourself.”
Other Cream Separators
Merely Discarded or Aban
doned De Laval Inventions
It is Interesting and instructive to know that nearly, if not quite,
every cream separator that has ever been made, and certainly all that are
being made at this time, are merely copies or imitations of some type of
construction originally Invented or developed by the De Lavel Company,
and either not used by It because of something more practical or else dis
carded and abandoned In the course of De Laval progress and utilization
of later improvements.
As earlier patents have expired some of their features have one af
ter another been taken up by different Imitators, so that at all times, as
is the case to-day, every separator made In the United States or elsewhere
in the world, utilizes some type of construction originally owned and de
veloped by the De Laval Company, though some of them have never been
commercially usea Dy me ue Jj&vai company Decause oi meir lnierioruy
to other types of construction used by It.
The De Laval Company has always been forging ahead, with its many
years of experience and the best of experts and mechanics the whole
world affords in its employ, so that before any expiring patent might per
mit the use of any feature of construction by imitators the De Laval
Company had already gone so much beyond that type of construction
that it was then old and out-of-date in the modern De Laval machines.
All cream separator inventions by others have been of immaterial de
tails or variations, upon which patents have been taken, if at all, more
for the sake of the name than by reason of any real value or usefulness
attaching to them.
The (1 p«t nrapilpol Mnllnnnno AnW oentrifneal Cream Sonaratnr was
the Invention of Dr. Oustaf de Laval in 1878. the American patent appli
cation being filed July 31, 1879, and Issuing as Letters Patent No. 247,
804 October 4. 1881.
This was the original Cream Separator—of the “Hollow” or empty
bowl type—and it has been followed from year to year by the various
steps of cream separator improvement and development, all De Laval
made or owned inventions, the American patent applications being filed
and letters patent issued as follows:
The original hand Cream Separator of the “Bevel Gear” type; appli
cation filed October 2, 1886, Issuing as Letters Patent No. 356,990 Feb
ruary 1, 1887.
The original hand Cream Separator of the "Spur Gear” type; appli
cation filed January 17, 1887, issuing as Letters Patent No. 368,328 Au
gust 16, 1887.
The original Steam Turbine-driven Cream Separator; application filed
December 8, 1886, Issuing as Letter8 Patent No. 379,690 March 20, 1888.
The original "Tubular” shaped “hollow bowl Cream Separator; appli
cation filed April 19, 1886, issuing a8 Letters Patent No. 372,788 Novem
ber 8, 1887.
The original "Disc” bowl Cream Separator; application filed May 12,
1890. issuing ns Letters Patent No. 432,719 July 22, 1890.
The original vertical curved or interlocking “Blade” Cream Separa
tor bowl, covered likewise by the application filed May 12, 1890, issuing
as Letters Patent No. 432,719 July 22* 1890.
i no original oouoin r eea ure'**" «*» ait^utciwuu mou
July 24. 1889. Issuing as Letters Patent No. 445,066 January 20, 1891.
The original “Suspended” howl Cream Separator; application filed Au
gust 21, 1893, Issuing as Letters Patent No. 512,203 January 2, 1894.
The original “Star” or “Plneapp® Cone” shaped series of cylinders
Cream Separator howl; application fll®d August 24, 1893, issuing as Let
ters Patent No. 121.712 June 19, 1894
The original ‘Curved Disc” Cream Separator bowl; application filed
January 18, 1905, Issuing as Letter8 Patent No. 892,999 July 14, 1908.
The original “Split-Wing” Tabular shaft Cream Separator bowl; ap
plication filed April 29, 1898, issuing 88 Letters Patent No. 640,358 Jan
uary 2. 1900—which invention, with a series of later improvements, Is
the type of bowl construction used in *be De Laval machines of to-day,
and still covered by protecting pat®nts which prevent Its appropriation
by would-be competitors.
The patents thus enumerated ar® but a few of the more Important of
the more than 500 original Cream SeParator Patents owned, controlled
and developed by the De T^ival Comp811? during Its thirty years of creation
and development of the Cream Separator Industry throughout the world.
Tbev are recited because they show ln the most Illustrative and conclusive
manner possible De Laval originality and leadership from 1878 to the
present day.
Tn addition to these patent-protected features, the De Laval machines
have within two years been mechanlca,,y re-designed and re-constructed
In every part, from top te bottom, s° that the new and improved line of
De Laval machines are to-day. even more than at any past period, fully
ten years ln advance of any other cream separator made.
These are the Rock-of-Oibraltar-llk® separator facts against which the
mere "word claims” of would-be comP®t>t°rs fade away like the mists
of night before the rays ef the mornln8 8un
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR COMPANY
185-187 Broadway 4* E. Madison Street rDruirm & Sacram-nto Ste.
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO
173-177 William Street 14 & 18 Princess Street 1016 Western Avenue
MONTREAL WINNIPEG SEATTLE