Museum Exhibit Shows How Felt Hats Are Made TLT ASH1NGTON.—All of us wear hats, and many of us what are known a* hats, but how many know that they are made of fur or the differ *ce between a soft felt and a stiff one? One of the latest exhibits in the; division of textiles of the National mu* seum shows clearly just how such hat» are made—from the fur to the finished product—and Includes many of th» latest and most popular styles ready to wear, as well as special shapes manufactured for particular foreign markets. The exhibit is accompanied with photographs illustrating scenes in the factory of one of the largest and best-known American hat manu facturers. These enable the observer to connect the materials, apparatus KTd finished products shown, into a tangible story. In the manufacture of ms's of the most popular brands of American hats the fur of North American Sheaver, South American nutria, Saxony hare, and English and Scotch coney used. When the pelts of these animals are received at the factory they' isxe- first washed with whale-oil soap, after which the long, coarse hairs are re* taoved, since they would tend to make the felt too rough. The skins ara, treated with nitrate of mercury, a process called ‘'carroting,” which the fur its “felting properties.” making it knot together when hot Water and pressure are applied. The skins are then brushed by a machine Tarhich removes all the dust and other foreign substances. Having been Crashed the skin next goes to a cutting machine, where revolving shears scrip away the fur, cutting it so close that it appears to have been shaved off. When the fur has been properly seasoned, it is mixed in certain propor tions to produce the desired texture and color. A certain amount of fur is tben weighed out, according to the weight of the hat to be made, and blown Btj»n a copper cone perforated with many thousand tiny holes, so that it tooks like a sieve. The cone is about three feet in height, and as wide at 4be base. An exhaust fan operates inside and below the cone. The air passes through the openings, hoi the fine particles of fur stick and cover fehe whole surface. The cone holding the film of fur is inclosed in a snugly ©fling jacket and lowered into a vat of boiling water. This develops the tedting properties of the fur, the particles of which mat and lock together, enabling the thin, delicate film of wet fur to be lifted from the cone. The resulting cone of fur is a very delicate embryo hat, except as to size; in that jpespect it might be the hat for a giant. A bundle of about twelve of these large forms is rolled in a wet condition until the fibers knit together slightly, feiYTng the hats hardness and strength. Then they are put into a sizzling iwile, where thoy are shrunk in hot water, beaten, and manipulated until fihey are between ten and fourteen inches in diameter. Each hat is then stretched, pulled and blocked with the aid of hot water until it takes the term of a regular hat with crown and brim. The museum exhibit includes five cases, one containing the different anew and prepared materials, one the hats in the process of manufacture, one «ach the leather and silk trimmings, and the last containing many styles of finished hats for our own and for export trade. Amusing Incident at a White House Reception '"■OHN OLIVER LA GORCE, one of the editors of the National Geographic 41 Magazine, is a most imposing-looking individual. At a recent White House Reception he was one of a small party, including one Val Ridsdale, whose real faasne is Percival, and two ladies. It Was a crowded reception and John | Oliver panted for space to spread him 4KJC. Over on the right was the little Stfne room with only a few persons in : 3, and John Oliver, little dreaming that It was a place to segregate a select fl|| I Sew for special reasons, began moving toward the door accompanied by one the ladies. • jt He was a grand sight! At the door of the blue room an - 4&rmy officer in great coils of dress uniform placed his arm across the open \Joor and asked with frigid air: "Have you entree here?" And then John Oliver La Gorce seemed to be translated to a great height, jKiid looking down upon that young lieutenant he replied with scorn that racked up that officer as a prairie Are licks up the dry grass in early autumn, fee drew back a trifle, and, with the tone of voice one would expect a Roman yamperor to use when an Appian way traffic cop stopped his chariot, said: j "Certainly.” i The army officer’s arm dropped as If a lightning bolt had withered it, ■filSd ho mumbled something. The La Gorce procession swept in. And then came along Mr. Ridsdale, who saw his buddy John Oliver ft»oming onward into the quiet of the blue room. He, too, approached the ‘S^fcBny ofllcer, who had recovered his stony countenance in time to ask agnfnt "Have you entree here?" Ridsdale paused a moment and then made a gesture toward John Oliver. "I am one of his excellency’s suite,” he said. , And again the lieutenant withered and the arm came down. iMton Finds Washington Most Beautiful City YOU know that I believe Washington is the most beautiful city in th® t world," and a recent English visitor, evidently very much surprised at " s.ving to make the admission, came to a dead stop at the intersection of — Massachusetts avenue and Sixteenth street. Behind him and in front of th® five-mile stretch of linden trees lining | this avenue made a seemingly endless! pleached walk for a3 far as the eye; could reach in both directions; that White House completed the lovely vista on the south, and at that twilight, hour North Sixteenth street presented Its best aspect of green and gracious* affluence. “It is very extraordinary," mur ■ mured the Briton, as though loth to1 ;|tancede this superiority in municipal beauty to an American city. , not already so, Washington is rapidly becoming the fairest city in th®' ETiti, and its well-laid design sets it easily In line for the premier position will soon hold without question. The landscape gardening of a city has1 come to be regarded as one of the most potent factors in its beautifi cation. To the late George Hay Brown, for fifty years landscape gardener of £ Washington, is largely due the splendid showing of trees which makes the ty -without question the best shaded in the world. After Mr. Brown’s death, five years ago, a civil service examination was for the post of landscape architect. There were over seventy appli raante examined. George Burnap, then professor of landscape design in Cor x»ell university, w-on the position. He is an enthusiast in his profession and! '.E-lk!. of the possibility of Washington’s becoming the city beautiful of the1 \ yPorld as a matter to be looked forward to with certainty. ’It is a more promising field for landscape architecture than any other i JSfey," he said. “Thanks to its early designers, its skeleton lines are right. ‘Our main trouble Is lack of means. The lack of a practical realization It those who govern expenditures that landscape gardening on a scale com . teensurate with the growth and importance of the capital of tho United i S&ates, requires adequate financial support is a serious handicap to those ' Wjio w ish Washington to make rapid advancement as a modern and model ■ city Wo axe, however, working slowly along the best lines In landscape ■y-hltecture and have accomplished some things that are gratifying.’’ PERSHING Was i-huixwii-J OVER HEADS OF 862 OFFICERS Roosevelt Thought Enough of Work In Philippines to Ignore Custom, Brigadier General John J. Porxhing. who is in active command i>f the Amer ican forces now seeking the capture of Paneho Villa, first gained fame in Him; when his American troops and Filipi no scouts drove the rebellious Moros under Da to A mil from their last strong hold in Bagsag mountains. Island of Jolo. For this feat he was made a brigadier general by President Roose velt, who jumped him over the heads of S02 ranking officers. There was some protest at this appointment, but Roosevelt thought Ills feat in the Phil ippines was worthy of the rapid ad vancement. His is the story of a keen faced, blue eyed man of peace, who makes soldiering his business. He likes peace best of all. but when it comes to a fight—well, look out for Pershing! He believes in making peace quite to be desired. Ask the Moros of Mindanao. I in the Philippines, and they will (ell you that Pershing is a mighty nice man—when he isn't fighting. General Pershing was born on Sept. 13. lSflO. and entered West Point from Missouri in 1S82. graduating in 1880. He lias always since served in the cavalry. He did his bit of work in the piping times of peace and fought gal lantly in the Sioux rumpuses in 1890 and 1S91, against Geronimo and in the Wounded Knee campaign. Ho took part in the Santiago fight and then went to the Philippines. He fought his regulation share of Philippine fights and onme out un scathed. Then came the orders from Washington to make the Moros peace ful. And to Captain John J. Pershing. Fifteenth cavalry, was assigned the job of pacifying. Hither and yon he went. Sometimes he was holding out the olive branch here, sometimes handing out three pound shells there, with Krag bullets on the side. Whenever he found a friendly village Pershing was the friendliest person in it. The leading dattos were invited to his tent. They had the seats of hon or at the officers’ mess. They were consulted on the way they weald like to have things done. Whenever there was an orderly, law abiding commu nity it was allowed to administer its own government unhampered by tbo Americans. He was promptly put on the new general staff of the army. When the Japs and the Russians fell to fighting Pershing was dispatched to Manchuria as military observer with Kurokl's forces. What he saw there lias been of benefit to the American artny since. And the mikado bestowed upon him for his services the fourth class Order of the Sacred Treasure. Next he was made military attache at Tokyo. But fighting and pacifying and ob serving didn't make the gallant cav alryman immune to Cupid’s darts He soon succumbed to the charms of Miss Helen Frances Warren, only daughter of Senator Warren of Wyoming, chair man of the committee on military af fairs. FIND MANY PRECEDENTS FOR PURSUIT OF VILLA Jackson Invaded Florida, Then Owned by Spain, on Two Occasions. In ordering United States troops into Mexico to hunt down Villa’s bandit army President Wilson acted on the principle of international law sanction ing punitive expeditions against fac tions in a foreign state which cannot be or are not prevented by the consti tuted authorities of that state from attacking its neighbors. Authorities on international law and practice pointed to many precedents witnessing the general acceptance of this principle. It was written into the treaty of 1SOO between the United States and Mexico, which now has lapsed, in the form of a provision un der which the military forces of either country could pursue marauders across the international line where “a hot trail” existed. Even before this treaty was negotiated, however, General Uaw ton pursued a band of raiding Apaches into Mexico. Daniel Webster as secretary of state accepted the ‘‘hot trail” principle in negotiating with Canadian authorities in 1842 during the Fenian troubles in Canada. In two instances General Andrew Jackson headed punitive expeditions into Florida while that territory was a Spanish possession. One was against a filibustering faction based on Amelia island and operating against the Unit ed States. The other resulted in the destruction of the town of St. Marc, which had been the base of a Creek Indian expedition against the United States and involved the hanging by United States troops of a British sub ject who General Jackson charged was employed by the Creeks as a spy. The British government investigated that incident, but never protested. Officials recalled many other in stances where the “hot trail” principle had been invoked in some form by this and other governments and declared there could be no doubt of its applica bility in the case of Villa. Elephants Work In England. Elephants have been put to work in England. Horses are scarce, due to the great demand for war horses, but a Sheffield firm broke the horse famine by hiring a retired elephant from a circus, w’hich pulls as much as five horses. Bowser Goes to War But He Comes Back Within Two Hours. By M. QUAD Copyright, 1910, by the McClure Newspaper syndicate. Bowser went over to the drug store after dinner the other night and was gone for an hour. When he returned he said to Mrs. Bowser: ■‘There were three or four men in the drug store, and we got to talking about the war. I tell you the days for the fighting hero have come back." •'I have been thinking so for a year past,” quietly replied Mrs. Bowser. “What a chance it has given men to make a great name for themselves for bravery!” “Yes.” ‘‘And the histories will be full ot their names for scores of years to come.” “Even the women have carried the flag in some of the battles,” said Mrs. Bowser. “I have read so,” was the reply, “and I honor them for it; but, of course, this is no women's war. They must let the husbands do the fighting.” “But suppose the husbands don’t want to do the fighting?” “I can’t suppose anything of the sort, Mrs. Bowser. Is there even a man in this neutral country whose blood does not run faster as he thinks of bullet and shell and the shouts of victory? Not one. lie knows there I.cavr-rjii “ON, men! to victory or death!” are wounds and death on the battle field, but there is also glory and fame. By George, Mrs. Bowser, but what a chance—what a chance!’’ “And you will take advantage of it?" she asked. “I? I take advantage of it? I have longed to; but, you see, I can’t go.” “But why?” “Because we are in a neutral coun try, and I can’t fight for either side. Oh, if I only could!” “But plenty of men have gone over there from this country,” said Mrs. Bowser. “All their armies welcome Americans and give them due credit for their bravery and fighting. It is very easy for an American to get over there if he wants to go.” Mr. Bowser looked at her in a curious sort of manner, and after a walk across the room and back, he said: “Mrs. Bowser, for the last sis months I have wanted to go so bad that I dreamed of it. No such chanc* has ever occurred to me in all the year? before. I have been on the point oi speaking of it a hundred times, but the fear that it might set you to wor rying has kept me silent. We have a sword hanging up in the library. II may not be the sword of Bunker nib —I think I bought it of a junkman fo; $1—but the sight of it sends a thrilj of glory through me and makes me think of wielding it on the field o{ battle. With that sword in my hand I could reap honors and have my nami go down in history, but—but”— “But you won’t wield it,” finished Mrs. Bowser. “But I ask, how can I?” demanded the warrior. “Almost as easily as you can walk from here to the corner. You can buckle on that sword or some other, take passage on a steamer and in two weeks be leading your men against the foe and preparing your name for his tory.” “By thunder! By thunder!” gasped Mr. Bowser, with hands on his knees, as he bent forward and looked into her face. “Woman, do you mean to tell me that you are willing I should go and take part in the bloody fray?” “I have been wondering for the last six mouths why you didn’t go,” replied Mrs. Bowser. "Why I didn't? Why I didn’t? 1 have not gone because I realized that my duty lay here at home. If the thought had come to me that you would be willing for me to go 1 should have been off months ago. Do you mean to tell me now that you are willing?” “Why, I should be proud to know that my husband was leading his mec against the enemy in a storm of shot and shell.” Mr. Bowser waited in astonishment for a full minute before he said: “And I thought it would be right thfi other way, Mrs. Bowser. I thought it I even mentioned war nod its glory you would faint away and fall on the floor. I thought after you came to you would cry and beg and plead for me to remain at home and protect you." “Protect me from what'/' was rathei independently asked. “From the thousand dangers which lurk about ns day and night, although we are not in the theater of war." “I have never lost any sleep over it.’ Mr. Bowser was nonplused. Mrs. Bowser seeiued perfectly willing that he should go to war. lie had expect ed different results when the eon ver sa t ion began. He had no desire to go to war. Even if called upon to defend his own country he wouldn't have been any too quick about it. He wanted to stand well in Mrs. Bowser's estimation, however, and he must resort to a blufT He therefore gathered himself togeth er and retorted by asking: “Mrs. Bowser, I want you to answer with truth and sincerity. Are you willing for me to go to Europe and take part in the great conflict which is raging there? Now. don't try to dodge a question.” “I shall not try to dodge it, Mr. Bow ser. If you want to be a hero and have your name inscribed on the pages of history it is my duty to kiss you goodby and pray for your safe return If you return with one arm or leg miss ing I shall love you just as much as now and shall honor and be proud of you.” Mr. Bowser got up and walked the floor again, and Mrs. Bowser could hear him whispering to himself ns he walked. When he came back to his chair again he said in very serious tones: “I am off. I shall go this very night to catch a steamer which sails early in the morning.” “Is there any great hurry about it?" was asked. He entered the library, took down the old junk sword and buckled it around him and came out with the bare blade in his hand. After giving it five or six flourishes around his head he shouted: “On men! On to victory or death!” “Which means you will go tonight?" asked Mrs. Bowser. “In five minutes, and I may never re turn. If I do not you will remember that my last thought was of you as a cannon ball struck me full in the chest and made a widow of you.” “I know you will tight bravely. Mr Bowser, and if you will wait a minute I will find pencil and pad that you may write to me how your brave men followed and cheered you. 1 shall let the papers over here know how glori ously you died. If you get cold and have a lame back try and get a inns tard plaster to draw the pain out. Here is a loving kiss for you." Mr. Bowser didn’t wait for the loving kiss, lie merely waved a farewell with his hand and stalked out still carrying the unsheathed sword in lib good right hand. lie was oil for tht war, blit he felt no glory in his heart Instead of seeking to restrain him from going Mrs. Bowser had promptly en couraged it. He had tried to bluff her., but had failed. What course should lie take now? He was walking along the street trying to plan out something and using the murderous sword as a cane when a policeman stopped him and asked: “Is there a military parade anywhere tonight?” “Not that I know of,” was the reply. “Then why are you all togged oul with that old toad sticker?” “I have started for the war.” “The war in Europe?” was asked. “Yes.” “Well, you had better go back home again. They have got enough crazy men over there. Where do you live?” “Oh, back there a little ways,” was the indifferent reply of the hero as he clattered his sword against the trunk of a shade tree. “Then I'll see you to your gate. It strikes me you are not quite right in your head. It’s against the law, any how, for a man to walk the streets with a deadly weapon in his hand, and I am responsible for the lives of the people walking on the streets. Does your wife kuow you are going to war?” “Yes; she said that i could go if 1 wanted, to. “But you didn't want to go?” laugh ed the officer. Mr. Bowser made no reply. The of ficer had seen through his bluff as clearly as Mrs. Bowser had done. “Come on, old man, and don’t hack any more shade trees.” The officer took Mr. Bowser by the arm and led him to his gate and open ed it and whispered in his ear: "I am a married man also and know how the old thing works. Whenever we have a row the old woman general ly comes out first best. The way for you to do is to sit on your steps for about two hours, although the night is rather chilly, and then go in and tell her that the war has closed and that there is no longer a chance for you to make a hero of yourself. Better throw that old sword at the first dog that comes along. Ta-ta, old man.” Mr. Bowser followed instructions, and Mrs. Bowser replied: “The war is over, is it? Well, I am glad of it. But you can wait and gc to the next one.” When Equality Vanishes. "Men are born equal.” so she said When she the constitution read. She met the hi.hi and humble bred And sti:I maintained that view. And an the years were told to scat This sturdy maiden democrat Still kept that thought beneath her hat Which hat was pretty too. But now (a matron) see her gaze Upon her offspring as lie plays! No other baby has such ways. She will assert to you. All men born equal? Oh, the mirth As she surveys the wondrous worth Of just the finest thing on earth! Ail men born equal? Pooh! —St. Louis Post-Dispatoh. BURGLARS FOX TROT AND LUNCH BEFORE LOOTING Neighbors In the Apartment House Thought Owners V/e-o Hav ing a Party. Minneapolis.—Daylight burglars made merry In the homo of Mrs. t.\ Aubrey, on the second floor of 110.1 ICast I.ake street, on their recent visit. They played several records on the phonograph. Two of the numbers were dance selections, and the visitors danced. They even moved heavy fur niture around to make room for the fox trotting. Then they served lunch, cleaning up most of the provisions in the larder. The music, the dancing, the moving of furniture and the rattle of plates and silver were heard all through the apartment building. Their boldness apparently saved the burglars from detection, for the neighbors thought members of the Aubrey family were home and were having a party and gave the mutter no further attention until Mrs. Aubrey returned at 0 p. m. and found her flat ransacked. Two gold watches, $4 in change and some clothing were part of the loot taken. On the first floor of the building were Mrs. Mary Gilbert and her daugh ter Louise. Mrs. Gilbert is partially deaf, but even she heard the noise made by the robbers. 165 FOOT FLAGPOLE CARRIED FROM COAST Makes Trip on Four Large Flat Cars, and Freight Alone Is $1,550. New York.—A 105 foot flagpole for Joseph T. Lilly’s estate at Northport. N. Y., arrived at Hoboken. It came from near Tacoma, Wash., on four large fiat cars. The freight charge was $1,550. The pole, which is twenty-eight inch er through at the base, is from an Ore gon Ur tree which stood 300 feet high. The wood is beautifully grained. On one side there is not a single knot. It will be set in a concrete base fifteen feet underground and will be sur mounted by a weather vane thirty feet across. The flag will be 30 by 50 feet. It will be the tallest flagpole along the Atlantic coast. Mr. Lilly's estate is 200 feet above sea level, and the flag will be visible for most of the length of Long Island. PIPE 140 YEARS OLD. Hand Carved, With “Yorktown, ’76,” Engraved on Bowl—Found In 1862. Boise, Ida.—Isaiah Axe of this place Is the owner of a relic of unusual in terest. It is a laurel wood pipe that Mr. Axe, then a Union soldier serving in an In diana regiment, picked up on tho battlefield at Culpeper in 18G2. It is hand carved, with a silver mounting. Around the upper edge of the bowl is engraved “Yorktown, ’70.” Below is the American eagle, with the banner on its breast, and under tbe curve of the pipe a skull and crossboues. Mr. Axe has had engraved “1S02” in the banner to denote tbe year be found it If the pipe was carved as denoted by the original inscription it is 140 years old. , TWO MICE CAUSE PANIC. Women In Car Become Confused, and Many Are Injured. Portland, Ore.—Forty high school girls, stenographers and other women on their way to Portland were thrown Into a panic when two mice invaded a Sellwood street ear. In the confusion two girls fainted, several tried to leap from the car, and a number sustained bruises and bad scratches. After five minutes of feminine screaming, mostly from safe places on the tops of seats, two men caught the mice and the car moved on. The mice were discovered on the floor of the car by a schoolgirl, who scream ed and led the general scramble for places on top of the seats, thus starting the panic. JUST STEALS A BATH. Then He Changes Clothing, Takee a Meal and Departs. St Louis.—“The loot consisted of a bath, a meal and an outfit of clothing,” according to the report made to the police by I.ee Henderson, sexton of Grace church. Henderson lives in the basement of the church. He complained that dur ing his absence a thief stole into his apartment and took a bath—took it bodily—an outfit of clothing, compris ing everything that a man wears, and departed after cooking a meal in Hen derson’s kitchen. REPLY AFTER THREE YEARS High School Boy Tossed Ketchup Bot tle Containing Note Into River. Winona, Minn. — Three years ago William Wllki is of Winona, a high Ichool hoy, tossed a ketchup bottle con taining a note into the river while camping at West Newton, north oi here. The note read: This was tossed overboard in the hope that the finder might correspond. Wilkins has just received a reply. It was signed by Marguerite De Brazier of West La Crosse, thirty miles •way.