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" ' " -1 : - NE SERIES TOL. 2. NO. 32. LANCASTER, OHIO, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1847. WHOLE NO. 1160. u PUBLISHED EVERY KEIDAY MORNING BY JO HIV H. WRIGIl T. Owes Tallmadge Buildings Third Floor opposite J. & J. C Maccvackeu's 3tore. . , T c a MS .For one year, catkin advance, ti 00 Withio the year,.., S 50 Xfter the expiration of the year 3 00 K' INDUCEMENTS FOB CLUBS. '. Ten copiea, to ouewldreBS.caM ih ai- ' yance (17 50 . , Any larger number in the same proportion. ' V ADVERTISING. , , 1 ' One square, one insertion,.: (0 50 . three insertions, 100 Kach continuance 25 EF"A liberul discount will be made to yearly ' advertiser. EFVOB WORK neatly and promptly executed. Agents fur the Iaucjister Gazette. MiUimpcrt: E. Viince ' AV Salnc Or. M D. Brock! Ptekiringlan: A. flrliiht, Jr Jcftraom: Dnvtil Jenainf Liikopoliti Lewis Huher artmfeli T; Waller Mr.Par. laud Thnniaa Minefield Plmtaot T, T. P. Allinronk Eatt HutMlU; Dnviil linker H.Ruihmllt; N. B.Conlsion Rramas Hoary Ashlwiiih Canal Ifimekttttr: Dr. Potter JLekailte: Win. P. Teiiimnl Amanita: Nathnn J. Worrall I Renatton: J.CIeinentf, Jr. . Amanda 7. Win. Ailihrook Carroll; William P. Brock but: Hanr Laonard Ltaaam 7- J. Ilnll, B. Illicit Bern 7. James n. reurra Prr-7'on.' lvl Friend Midia TS I. B Koontz Cleanretk; Col.W. Hamilton O'M0((: P. R Haierman BaUimtrt; H. L Nicely iSomtrft; IJavli) Hewitt V. B. Palhbr, Esq., General Aenl for the Eastern CHIes AT THE - FIUST DOOR EAST, OF THE i i , fTHE subscriber ia now receiving a new and . J unprecedented inpply of FALL & WINTER GOODS, ' in all the variety necessary to the public watits, ' which will be sold mutually low. Wholesale and , Retail, for Cash or County Produce, consisting in part of SUl'ERr INE, MEDIUM and CUMMUN Cloths, Cassi meres, Satinets, Jeans, Heavy Tweeds; Rich Ribbed and Heavy . Beaver, Felta and Pilot Cloths, for Over Coats. Also, a large supply of SILK VALENTIA and WOOLLEN VEST1NGS . 8, 10, 11 & 12-4 Blankets; Flannels of all kinds Comforta, Bleached and Brown Mtislius Furand Common HATS and CAPS Silk and Cotton Handkerchiefs Silk, Gingham and Cotton Umbrellas Gloves, Hosiery, Carpet Warp, long reeled Cot tort. Yarn, &c. &c. Also.a large supply of superior warranted Calf, Kip and Common BOOTS.LACES & BROGAN3 &3&as3 &sas mm ,"A few pieces choice Wool Carpeting, new and , ., fine patterns; . " . , " Cotton . do " ' ' " .'" Stair Carpetiug, and lot of superior Hearth Rugs 11 E A IY iTtADEC LOTH 1 KG , a good supply, at moderate prices. In purchasing this superior Stock of Goods, the subscriber has not forgotten to provide most am ply for the wauts of UaO-frAMSSiT Among which may be enumerated in the Silk, Worated and Cotton line, a large lot of the moat - superior, plain, Satin striped and pluld and SILK WARPED ALPACAS, ' Figured. Delisle, Cumoleon, Changeable audOm- . bray, do 1 Vienna, Britania, Union Silk Plaids and Cash mere De Corsa, for Dresses Gula, Juvenile and Rob Roy Plaids for Dresses and Cloaks ' ' Fancy, Blue and Scarlet Woollen Plaid Cloukings .. 4-4 and 6-4 wide - -An unusually large and splendid lot of 5-4 and 4-4 French, English. Scotch and Italian . An unusual large and splendid lot of CHINTZES, PRINTS & DELAINES, at all prices, includins Linens. Lawns, Thread - Cotton and Silk Laces. Edgings and Inserting, Silk Bullion, Slieal Head and Moliair fringes Jet aud Silk Buttons, assorted Cords, Tassels, Merino and other Husiory GLOVES. Liuen and Silk Handkerchiefs Swiss and other Muslin " ' Worked aud Tambored Chemezettsand Collars White Goods of all kinds, aud a supply of Butter fly aud other Hair, Dress aud Shell Side Combs Shawls: ; The most beautiful 8-4 & 10-4 Broche, Cashmere figured and printed Caahmero, Net, Kuib'd Cashmere, French pluid & striped worsted and woollen Shawls, ever brought to tills country , Ribbons: A large supply for Winter use, Including figured aud the most delicately wrought VEL VE T. Also, FLOWERS to suit, . . . , . .; Shoes: A fine supply of Ladies and Misses Polkas, Laces. Buskins, Ties and Slippers; Ladies aud Misses ' Rubber Buskins aud Over-Shoes Also, on hand, a lull supply of GROCERIES, consisting iu part of i . Teu, Coffees, Wines, Liquors, Spices, 4.C. NO. 40. ,., 2nd Door East qftke"Stoan Hotel,'' , is also well stocked with a groat variety of CHIN A and GLASS- WA R E, including a supply of ' Flowing Blue; also, with a general assortment of LOOKING-GLASSES. The Stock of Goods referred to, was laid in , with the greatest cure, is most full und complete, and will cover every domaud to all which the . public attention is requested. . Wantetl. All kinds of Produce, for which Cash or Goods in exebungg will be given T. V. WHITE. 25 Xnncaster, October 29, 1847. Wheat! Wheat!! Wheat!!! A LARGE QUANTITY OF WHEAT wanted at the A W CASH STORE, 1st Doer East of the "S WAN HO TEL," for: which the Cash will b paid on delivers , , i ' , T.; U. WHITE. ' ' Lancaster, October29, 1817. , . 25 SF1SIIVGEB tfcFlliItOi:, Fashionable Tailors. J , . SHOP In Shaffer's Building, one door East of the Tallmadge House. ;,, ,: ' Lancaster, June 11, 1847. . i ' , JOHN BURBERRY, WOULD respectfully inform the public, that he has removed his Shop to Foster's Brick Building, in the room formerly occupied by J. orn s v,o., as a oiioe Bliop, directly above u, Kauffman's Drug Store, where he will still coil tinue to carry on the in all its various branches. His work will be done in the neatest and most substantial manner and at prices to smt tne limes jiuuuw vi uu Kiuua, xaRan in ex change tor work . , . , ; Lancuster, April 23, 1847 , tf50 1 ' Cheap Watches., PERSONS wishing to purchase a good Gold or Silver Watch, as cheap as they can in the r,asiern cities; are invited to examine the exten aivo assortment for sale by ' . -I - GATES & COSPER. , Tallmadge House, Lancaster, June 18, 1847. Blank Mortgages, The best Mechanical Taper In the World. THE "SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN," Published at 128 Fulton at., New York, ia admit ted by all to be the beat Mechanical publication in the World. IT has attained a largor circulation thnu all the other Mechnuicid papers published in America, combined, and possesses such facilities for obtain ing the latest intelligence on Scientilio subjects from all parts of the world that no publication of the kind cau compete with it. Each number coutains from FIVE to SEVEN ORIGINAL MECHANICAL ENGRAVINGS of the most important inventions; a catalogue of AMERICAN PATENTS, as issued from the Pa tent Ofliue eack week: notices of the progress of all new MECHANICAL and SCIENTIFIC in ventions; instructions in the various ARTS and TRADES, with ENGRAVINGS; curious PHILO SOPHICALaud CHEMICAL experiments; the lutest RAILROAD INTELLIGENCE in EU ROPE and AMERICA; all the different ME CHANICAL MOVEMENTS, published in a series and ILLUSTRATED with more than A HUN DRED ENGRAVINGS, &c. &c. , It is published weekly in QUARTO FORM, conveniently adapted to BINDING, and furnished to Country Subscribers at the LOW PRICE of TWO DOLLARS A YEAR ONE DOLLAR IN ADVANCE, and the remainder in Six Mouths. Address, MUNN & CO Publishers, POST PAID. New York. Bound volumes of the Scientific American cou tuining 419 pages of choice reading matter aud illustrated with more than 3(i0 engravings of new inventions, for sale at the office. Price $-,75 New York. December 3, 1347. 30 It EST riTTUUKGH WINDOW GLASS. A ASSORTED, from 8 by 10 to 21 by 25, for sale by GKORGE KAUFFMAN. Lancaster, August20, 1847. 15 Flax-Scetl. T HE HIGHEST PRICE iu CASH will be giveu for FLAX-SEED by GEORGE KAUFFMAN. Lancaster, August 20, 1847 15 J 13 ST IYU ClilVTlU AND FOR SALE, OfiKEGS PURE WHITE LEAD, and OU 5 Barrels LINSEED OIL, by UEUUUK KAUrf MAN. Lancaster, Aug. 13 1847. 14 Family Groceries. OK B"g Rreon mid Yellow KIO CO r EE; 3 Bags BLACK PEPPER; YOUNG HYSON and I.Mrr.ttlAL 1 iiAS, cio. For sale by GEORGE KAUFFMAN. Lancaster, August 13, 1347 14 10 Barrels Tanner's Oil. J UST received aud for sale by GEORGE KAUFFMAN. Lancaster, August 13, 1847. 14 CALL AT THE OLD DRUG STORE AND see a fresh supply of DRUGS und ME D1CINES PAINTS and DYE-STUFFS, For sale low. GEORGE KAUFFMAN. Lancaster, August 13, 1847. 14 10 Barrels Water Lime. BEST QUALITY, for sale by GEORGE KAUFFMAN. Lancaster, August 13, 1847. 34 lL AX-SEED OIL--300. Gullous of JL clear Flux-Seed Oil, just received and for sale by BURY & BECK. Lancaster, July 9, 1847. 9 . Spectacles. A Greater quautitv than ever to be had at ' GATES Si, COSPER'S. June 18, 1847. 'I HAVE FOOD IT.' Eureka. CONSUMPTION CAN BE CURED BT t'SINO Dr. Dnncans Expectorant Remedy. Cincinnati, O., March 3d 1847. Dear Sir: This is to certify to the public, par ticularly to those ufllicted with a diseuse of the Lungs, or Consumption, that iu the Spring of 1114 J I was attacked Willi a severe cold, winch soon became seated upon my Lungs, showing ull the symptoms of an approaching Consumption. My cough was tight and troublesome, nttonded with copious night aweuts; I spit up daily a con siderable quantity of blood mixed with thick dark matter. My situation becomo serious and ularm- ing. During this time 1 wus attended by two of our most skilllul f hysiciaus, they did the best they could for nie, when ut length, they gave up all hopes ot my recovery, inlormuig me that nothing more could be done thut my Iuiil'S were fatally diseased, und beyond remedy, I wus then per suaded by a Irieudol mine to make a trial ot l)K. DUNCAN'S EXPECTORANT REMEDY, which my Physicians persisted against, saying that this medicine would do no good, aud would still add more to my suH'ering. I told them it was my last and only hope, aud that u i must die ot the dis. ease, (which was evident to me.) there would be nothing lost.' bo 1 sent to the Cincinnati Olhce, and obtained 5 bottles of this truly valuable medi ue, aud commenced using according to the di rections, which instead of adding to my sull'eriug, immediately gave me relict, at once arresting the troublesome Cough; easing the pain und tightness in my Cheat; giving me a new life aud strength, which soon enabled I no to be about again. This medicine continued its good work, which it so no- ily commenced, until I was made a sound man. I have since been attending to my business, (up. wards of 3 years) and feelns healthy as I wish. I nave recommended Dr. Duncan i Expectorant Remedy iu many instances to those similarly alllic- ted, and it has always proved successful so far as I have Witnessed its eltects. My sister is using this medicine at present, for a Diteased Liver uud an Arrr.cTioN or the Lungs, which she had gutter ed with for some time; she bus nearly recovered by the use of this medicine, and I am confident the 6 bottles that I take with ine to-day will en tirely cure her. I am sorry to know that there are thousands of valuable persons wasting away with the dreadtul destroyer CONSUMt'lUN. Wero it only possible lor those to procure this medicine iu time, before it bo too late, many lives might be prolonged and their families and rela tions ngniu rendered happy. This medicine will give inslaut relief, ut the same time arrest the hard and painful Cough, remove the tightness iu the Chest, give strength to the enleebled and emacia ted Ira mo, and ill most cases, I am certain, will perforin a perfect cure. " . unn,.!,, T t- f T Mien A.IUUl'.IY J tLLlt,H.! Montgomery, Hamilton County, Ohio, N. B. Those who may not be acquainted with ine I refer to the undersigned, citizens of Mont gomery, Hamilton county, O.. lliev wilt at any lime substantiate the above statements. Norman Buownwell, Capt. J. Skider. frrDr. Duncan'. Wealern Office. 150 Sycamore St. where thia valuablo Medicine can always be obtained. Advice given grattt. For sale by Macccracken & tialoraitu, Lancaster Lancaster, November 19, 1847. , 6v28. W. If. RANKIN. Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chancery. OFFICE IN FOSTER'S BRICK BUILDING, iu the Room recently occupied by Charles Borland, Esq. Entrance, one door west of KauB man's Drug Storo, Main Street, Lancaster, Ohio. May 14, 1847. ltf JOHN D., MARTIN," R. P. EFFINGER, ItlAUTIN & EFF1NGEK, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law, Of FICE In Foster's Brick Building. I.e. Lancaster, Ohio, June 11,1847. 5 THE I'ltllDIT S MESSAGE. CONCLl'DED. We conclude, to day, the publication of the President's message. The former part we sent, in an extra, last week, to most of our subscribers. If any have not received it, we will, as far as we are able, supply tliem, if they call at the of fice." , Con;;ross is, therefore, called upon to determine whether it is wiser to impose the war duties recommended, or, by o milting to do so, increase the public debt annually three millions of dollars so long as loans shall be required to prosecute the war, and afterwards provide, in some other form, to pay the semi-annual inter est upon it, and ultimately to extinguish the principal. If, in addition to these duties, Congress should graduate and re duce the price of such of the public lands asexperience has proved will not com mand the price placed upon them by the government, an additional annual income to the treasury of between half a million and a million of dollars, it is estimated, would be derived from this source. Should both measures receive the sanc tion of Congress, the anniiul amount of public debt necessary to be contracted during the continuance of :he war would be reduced near four millions of dollars. The duties recommended to be levied on tea and collee, it is proposed shall be limited in their duration to the end of the war, and until llie public debt ren dered necessary to be contracted by it shall be discharged. The amount of the public debt to be contracted should he limited to the lowest practical sum, and should be extinguished as early after the conclusion of the war as the means of the treasury will permit. With this view, it is recommended that as soon as the war ahull be over, all the surplus iu the treasury, not needed for other indispunsibie objects, shall consti tute a sinking fund, and be applied to the purchase of the funded debt, and that authority be conferred by law for that purpose. The act of the sixth of August, 1846, "to establish a warehousing system," has been in operation more than a year, and has proved to be an important auxiliary to the tariff act of 1846, in augmenting the revenue, and extending the com merce of the country. Whilst it has ten ded to enlarge commerce, it has been beneficial to our manufactures, by dimin ishing forced sales at auction of foreign goods at low prices, to raise the duties to be advanced on them, and by checking fluctuations in the market. The system, although sanctioned by the experience of other countries, was entirely new in the United States, and is susceptible of im provement in some of its provisions. The Secretary of the Treasury, upon whom was devolved large discretionary powers in carrying this measure into ef fect, has collected, and is now collating, the practical results of the system in oth er countries, where ithaslongbeen estab- isheU, and will report at an early period of your session such further regulations suggested by the investigation as may render it still more effective and benefi cial. By the act to "provide for the better organization of the treasury, and for the collection safe-keeping, and disbursement of the public revenue," all banks were discontinued as fiscal agents of the gov ernment, and the paper currency issued by them was no longer permitted to be received in payment of public dues. The constitutional treasury created by this net wont into oneralion .m thu first nf January lust. Under the system estab- lished by it, the public moneys have been p,,11ib,1 .rlu ir-nf n,J ;i;ul,.l i, tliA Hit'Apr nrrMrirv iF Ofllfttra uf tlin rriv. L ! . eminent in cold and silver: and transfers of I arge amounts have been made from v points of collection to points of disburse ment, without loss to the treasury, or in jury or inconvenience to the trado of tho country. While the fiscal operations of the go vernment have been conducted with reg ularity and ease, under this system, it has had a salutary effect in checking and preventing an undue inflation of the pa per currency issued by the banks which exist under State charters. Requiring, as it docs, all dues to the government to be paid in gold and silver, its effect is to restrain excessive issues of bank paper by the banks disproportioned to the spe cie in their vaults, for the reason that they are at all times liable to be called on by the holders of their Notes fur their re demption, in order to obtain specie for the payment of duties and other public dues. The banks, therefore, must keep their business within prudent limits, and be always in a condition to meet such calls, or run the hazard ot beini; com piled to suspend specie payments, and be thereby discredited. The amount of specie imported into the United States during the last hscal year was twenty tour million one hundred and twenty -one thousand two hundred aud eight-nine dollars; of which there was retained in the country twenty-two million two hun dred aud seventy-six thousand one hun dred and seventy dollars. Had the for mer financial system prevailed, and the public moneys beon placed on deposite in banks, nearly the whole of this amount would have gone into their vaults, not to be thrown into circulation by them, but to be withhold from tho hands of the peo pie as a currency, and made the basis of new and. enormous issues of bank pa per. A large proportion of the specie imported has been paid into the treasu ry for public dues; and after having been, to a great extont, recoined at the mint, has been paid out to the public creditors, and gone into circulation as a currency among the people. The amount of gold and silver coin mow in circulation in the country is larger than at any former pe riod. . , ,'' ' i The financial system: established by the constitutional treasury has been, thus far, eminently successful in its operation; and I recommend an adherance to all its essential provisions, and especially to that vital provision which wholly sepa rates the government from all connexion with banks, aud excludes batik paper from all revenue receipts. In some of its details, not involving its general principles, the system is defect live, and it will require modification. These defects, and such amendments as are deemed important, were set forth in the last annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury. These amendments are again recommended to the early and fa vorable consideration of Congress, During the past year, the coinage at the mint and its branches has exceeded twenty millions of dollars. This has con sisted chiefly in converting the coins of foreign countries into American coin. The largest amount of foreign coin im ported has been received at New York; and if a branch mint were established at thut city, all the foreign coin received at that port could at once be converted into our own coin, without the expense, risk, and delay of transporting it to the mint for that purpose, and the amount recoin ed would be much larger. Experience has proved that foieign coin, and especially foreign gold coin, will not circulate extensively as a currency a- nong the people. The important meas ure ot extending our specie circulation, both of gold and silver, and of diffusing it among the people, can only be effected by converting such foreign coin into A mericancoin. 1 repeat the recommenda tion contained in my last annual mess age fur the establishment of a branch of the mint of the United States at the city of New York. All the public lands which had been surveyed and were ready for market have been proclaimed for sale during the past year. Tho quantity offered and to be offered for sale, under proclamations issued since the first of January last, a niouuta to nine million one hundred and thirty-eight thousand live hundred and thirty-one acres. The prosperity of tlio Western States and territories in winch these lauds lie will be advanced by their 6pcedy sale. By withholding them from market, their growth and increase of population would be retarded, while thousands of our enterprising frontier population would be deprived of the op portunity of securing freeholds tor them selves and their families. But in addi tion to the general considerations which rendered the early sale of these lands proper, it was a leading object at this time to derive as large a sum as possible from this source, and thus diminish, by that amount, the public loan rendered necessary by the existance of a foreign war. It is estimated that not less than ten millions of acres of the public lands will be surveyed and be in a condition to be proclaimed for sale during the year 1848. In my last annual message I presented the reasons which, in my judgment, ren dered it proper to graduate and reduce the price of such of the public lauds as have remained unsold for long periods after they had been offered for sale at public auction. Many millions of acres of public lands lying within the limits of several uf the western States have been offored in the i market, and been subject to sale at pri vate entry tor more than twenty years, and large quajililies for more than thirty years, at the lowest price prescribed by the existing laws, and it has been tumid that they will not command that price. They must remain unsold and uncultiva ted for an indefinate pciiod, unless the . Fleo demanded h.rtliem ly me govern .lemanded for them by tl ment 8,!a11 1,0 wiliicod. No satisfactory ! a8on Perceived why they should be I longer held at rates above their real val- I ( a At tli i ni'nennr nnl'ln.l tilt n A A 1 1 inn 1 Ut3 41, tlio liicnLiii uviiuil tin uuviihuiiui i rea" exists for adopting the measure recommended. W hen the country is engaged in a foreign war, and we must necessarily resort tolouns, it would seem to bethedictnte of wisdom that we should avail ourselves of all our resources, and thus limit the amount of public in debtedness to the lowest possible sum. , I recommend that the existing laws on the subject of pre-emption rights be amended uud modihedao as to operate prospectively, aud to embrace all who may settle upon the public lauds and make improvements upon them before they are surveyed, as well as afterwards, in all cases where such settlements may be made ufior the Indian title shall have been extinguished. It' the right of. pre-emption be thus extended, it will embrace a large and meritorious class of our citizens. It will nciease the number of small freeholders upon our borders, who will be enabled thereby to educate thoir children and otherwise improve their condition, while they wilt be found at all times, as they havo ever proved themselves to be, in the hour ot danger to their country, a mougour hardiest and best volunteer sol diers, ever ready to tender their services in cases of emergency, among the last to leave the fields as long as an enemy re mains to be encountered. . Such a policy will also impress these patriotic pioneer emigrants with deeper feelings of grati- tudtMor the parental care ot their gov ernment, when they find their dearest in terests secured to them by the permanent laws ot the laud, and thut tliey are no longer in danger of losing their homes and hard-earned improvements by being brought into competition with a more wealthy class of purchasers at the land sales. The attention of Congress was invited at their last and preceding session, to the importance of establishing a Territorial government over our possessions in Ore gon; and it is to be regretted that there was no legislation on the subject. Our citizens who inhabit that distant region of country are still loft without the pro tection of our laws, or any regular organ ized government. Before tho, question of limits and boundaries of the territory of Oregon was definitely settled, from the necessity of their condition, the inhabit ants had established a temporary gov ernment of their own. Besides the want of legal authority for continuing such a government, it is wholly inadequate to protect them in their rights of person and propurty, or to secure to them the enjoyment of the privilege of other cit izens, to which they are entitled under the constitution of the United States. They should have the right of suffrage, bo represented in a Territorial legisla ture, and by a delegate in Congress; and possess all the righuand privileges which citizens of other portions of the Terri tories of the United States have hereto fore enjoyed, or may now enjoy. ' Our judicial system, revenue laws. regulating trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and the protection of our lawa generally, should be extended over them. In addition to the inhabitants in that territory who had previously emigrated to it; large numbers of our citizens have followed them during the present year; and it is not doubted that during the next and subsequent years their numbers will he greatly increased. Congress, at its last session, establish ed post-routes leading to Oregon, and be tween different points within that terri tory, and authorized the establishment of post ofhees at "Astoria and such other places on the coasts of the Pacific, with in the territory of the United Slates, as the public interests may require." Post offices have accordingly been estalish ed, deputy postmasters appointed, and provision made for the transportation of the mails. The preservation of peace with the Indian tribes residing west of the Rocky mountains will render it proper that au thority should be given by law for the ap pointment of an adequate number of In dian agents to reside among them. I recommend that a surveyor general's office be established in that territory, and that the public lands be survoyed and brought into market at an early period, 1 recommend, also, that grants, upon iberal terms, of limited quantities of the public lands be made to all cilizons of the United States who have emigrated, or may hereafter within a prescribed peri od emigrate, to Oregon, and settle upon them. These haidy aud adventurous citizens, who have encountered the dan gers and privations of a long and toil some journey, and have ut length found an abiding-place for themselves and their families upon tho utmost verge of our western limits, should be secured in the homes which they have improved by their labor. I refer you to the accompanyingrcpott of the Secretary of War for a detailed account of the operations of the various branches of the public service connected with the department under Ins charge. The duties devolving on this department have been unusually onerous and re: sponsible during the past year, and have been discharged with ability, and success. Pacific relations continue to exist with the various Indian tribes, and most of them manifest a strong frendship for the United States. Some depredations were com mitted dnring the past year upon our trains transpoiting supplies for the army, on the road between the western border of Missouri and Santa Fe. These dep redations, which are supposed to have been committed by bands from the region of New Mexico, havo been arrested by the presence of a military force, ordered out for that purpose. Some outrages have been perpetrated by a portion of the north western bunds upon the weaker and comparatively defenceless neiglilmring tribes. Prompt measures were taken to prevent such occurrences in future. . Between one & two thousand Indians, belonging to several tribes have been removed during the year from the east of the Mississippi to the country allotted to them west of the river, as their perma nent home; and arrangements have been made tor others to follow. Since the treaty of 1846 with theChero kees, the feuds among them appear to have subsided, and they have become more united and contented than they have been for many years past. ., The commis sioners appointed in pursuance of the act of June 27th, 1846, to settle claims ari sing under the treaty of 1835 '36 with that tribe, have executed their duties, and ufter a patient investigation, and a full and fair examination of all the cases brought before them, closed their labors in the month of July last. This is the fourth board of commissioners which has been organized under this treaty. Am ple opportunity has been afford ed to all those interested to bring forward their claims. No doubt is entertained that im partial justice has been done by the late board, and that all valid claims embraced by the treaty have been considered and allowed. This result, and the final set tlement to bo made with this tribe, under the treaty of 1846, which will be comple ted and laid before you during your ses sion, will ad just all questions of contro versy betweeu them and the United Siates, and produce a state of relations with them simple, well-defined and sat isfactory. Under the discretionary authority con ferred by the act of the third of March, last, tho annuities due to the various tribes have been paid during the present year to tho heads of families instead of to their duels, or such persons as they might designate, as required by the laws previously existing. This mode of pay ment has given general satisfaction to the great body of the Indians. Justice has been done to them, and they are grateful to the government for it. A few chiefs and interested persons may object to this mode of payment, but it is believed to be the only mode of preventing fraud and imposition from being practiced upon the great body ot common Indians, constitu ting a majority of all the tribes. It is gratifying to perceive that a num ber of the tribes have recently manifested an increased interest in the establishment of schools among them, and are making rapid advances in agriculture some of them producing a sufficient quantity of food for their support, and in lome cases a surplus to dispose of lo iheir neighbors. i no comions by winch those who have received even a very limited education. aud have engaged in agriculture are sur rounded, tend gradually todraw off their less civilized brethren from the preca rious means of aubsistance by the chase, to habits of labor and civilization. The accompanying report of the Se cretary of the Navy presents a satisfacto ry aud gratifying account of tho condition and operations of the naval service du ring the past year. Our commerce has been pursued w ith increased activity, and with safety and success, in very quarter "I the globe under the protection of our tlag, which the navy has caused lo be re spected in the most distant seas. In the gulf of Mexico, and in the Pa cific, the officers and men of our squad rons have displayed distinguished gal lantry and performed valuable services. In the early stages of the war with Mexi co, her ports on both coasts were blocka ded, and more recently many of them have been captured and held by the na vv. When acting iu co-operation with the land foices.the naval officers and men have performed gallant aud distinguished services on land as well as on water, and leserve the high commendation of the country. While other maratime powers are ad ding to their navies large numbers of war steamers, it was a wise policy on our part to make similar additions to our na vy. The four war steamers authorized by the act of the 3d March, 1817, are in course of construction. In addition to the four war steamers authorized bythisact.the Secretary ofthe Navy has iu pursuance of its provision, entered into contracts for the construc tion of five steamers, to be employed in the transportation of the United States Mail "from New York to New Orleans, touching at Charleston, Savannah, and Uavanna, and .from llavanua to Chag res; for three steamers to be employed in like manner from Panama to Oregon, "so as to connect with the mail from Ilavanna to Chagres across the isthmus;" aud for five steamers to be employed in like man ner from New York to Liverpool. These steamers will be the property ofthe con tractors, but aie to be built "under the superintendence and direction of a naval constructor in the employ of the Navy Department, and to be so constructed as to rendor them convertible at the least possible expense into war steamers ofthe first class." A prescribed number of naval officers, as well as a post-office agent, are te be on board of them; and authority is reserved tethe Navy Department at all times to "exercise control over said steamships," and "to have the right "to take them for the exclusive use and service of the Uni ted States" "upon making proper com pensation to the contractors therefor." Whilst these steam-ships will be em ployed iu transporting the mails ofthe United States coastwise, and to foreign countries, upon au annual compensation to be paid to the owners, they will be al ways ready, upon an emergency requi ring it, to be convened into war steamers; and the right reserved to take them for public use, will add greatly to the efficien cy and strength of this description of our naval force. To the steamers thus au thorized under contracts made by the Secretary of the Navy, should be added five other steamers authorized under con tracts made in pursuance of law by the Postmaster General, making an addition, in the whole, of eighteen war steamers, subject to be taken for public use. As further contracts for the transportation of the mail to foreign countries may be u thorized by Congress, this number may be enlarged immediately. The enlightened policy by which a rapid communication with the variou.sdis- lunt parts ofthe globe is established, by f . i . means ot Americaii-uuiit sea steamers, would find an amnio reward in the in crease of our commerce, and in making our country andits resouicesmore favora bly known abroad; but the national ad vantage is still greater, ol having our na val officers made familiar with steam navi gation; and of having the privilege of ta king the ships already equipped for im mediate service at a moment's notice, and will be cheaply purchased by the compensation to lie paid for the transpor tation of the mail in them, over and a bove the postage received. A lust national pride no less, than our commercial interests, would seem tofa- ror lho policy of augmenting the number of this description of vessels, i hey can be built in our country cheaper and in greater numbers than in any other iu the world. I refer von to the accompanying report ofthe Postmaster General for a detailed arid satisfactory account of the condition and operation of that department during the past year. It is gratifying to find that, within so short a period after the reduction in the rateB of postage, and notwithstanding lho great increase of mail service, the revonue received for the year will be sufficient to defray all the expen ses, and that no further aid will be requi red from the treasury for that purpose. The first of the American mail steam ers authorized by the act uf third of March 1845, was coropletod and entered upon the service on the first of J une last, aud is now on her third voyage to Bremen, and other intermediate ports. The other ves sels authorized under the provisions of that act are in course of construction, and will be put upon the Hue as soon as com pleted. Contracts have also been made for the transportation of the mail in a steamer from Charleston toHavanna. A reciprocal and satisfactory postal ar rangement has been made by the Post master General with the authorities of Bremen, aud no difficulty is apprehended in making similar arrangements with all other Powers with which we may have communications by man steamers, except with Great Britain. On tha arrival of the first of the Ameri cau steamers, bound to Bremen, at South haropton, in the mouth of Juno last, the British post-office directed the collectiort of discriminating postages on all letter and other mailable matter, which she took out 16 Great Britain, or which weutiuto the British Post office on their way to France and other parts of Europe. The effect ofthe order of the British post of- nee is to subject all letters and other mat ter transported by American steamer td double postage, one pobiago having been previously paid on them to the United Slates, while letters transported in Brit ish steamer aie subject to pay batasiu gle postage. This measure was adopted with the avowed object of protecliugthe British line of mail steamer now running between Boston and Liverpool, and, if permitted to continue, must speedily put an- end to the transportaion of all letter and other matter by American steamers, and give lo British steamers the monopo ly ofthe business. A just and fair reci procity is all that wo desire, and on this we must insist. By our laws, no such discrimination is made aaoinst British ' steamers bringing letter into our ports, but all letters arriving in the United States are subject to tho same rate of pos tage whether brought in British orAmeri can vessels. I refer you lo the repvt of the l uslmaster O antral for a full state ment ofthe fact of the case, and ofthe steps taken by him to correct this ine quality. He has exerted all the power conferred upon him by the existing law. tu vt::... r a.. it..:..i c... London has brought the ahject to the attention of the British Government, and is now engaged in negotiations for the purpose of adjusting reciprocal postal ar rangements, which shall be equally just to both countries. Should he fail in con cluding such arrangements, and should Great Britain insist oil enforcing the un equal and unjust measure she has adop ted, it will become necessary to cooler additional powers in the Postmaster Gen eral, in order to enable him to meet the emergency, and to put our owo-.steamers on an equal footing with British Btearoer engaged in transporting the mail between the two countries; and I recommend that such powers te conferred. In view ofthe existing state of our country, I trust it may not be inappro priate, in closing this communication, to call to mind the words of wisdom and ad monition ofthe first and most illustrious of my predecessors, in his farewell ad dress to his countrymen. That greatest aud best of men, who served his country so long, and loved it so much, foresaw, with"serious concern" the danger to our Union "of characterizing parties by geographical discriminations Northern and Southern, Atlantic and TT-Wern-wher.ee designingmen may en deavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views," and warned bis country agiinst it. So deep and solemn was his conviction of the importance oftlie Union and of preserving harmony between its different parts, that he declared m his countrymen in that address, "it is of infinite moment that yon should properly estimate the im mense value of your national Union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habita- al and immovable attachment to it; accus toming yourselves to think and to speak of it as a palladium of your political safe ty and prosperity; watching for its preser vation with jealous anxiety; discounten ancing whatever may suggest even a sus picion that it can in any event be aban doned; end indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to al ienate any portion of country from the rest, or tu enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts." After the lapse of half a century, these admonitions of Washimrton fall upon us with all the force of truth. It it difficult to estimate the "immense value" of our glorious Union of confederated State, to which we are so much indebted for our growth in population and wealth, aud for all that constitutes us a great and happy nation. How unimportant are all our differences of opinion upon miner ques tions ot public policy, compared with its preservation; aud how scrupulously should we avoid all agitating topics which may tend to distract and divide us into contending partie, separated by geo graphical lines, whereby it may be weak ened or endangered. Invoking the blessings ofthe Almigh ty Rulerof the Universe upon your de liberations, it will be my highest duty, no less than my sincere pleasure, to co-operate with you in all measures which may tend to promote the honor and enduring welfare uf our common country. JAMES K. POLK. Washington, December, 1817. Deaths in thp. Hospital at Perote. ... Frightful Morality. -We hud fre quent mention by letters and otherwise, from Perote, of the alarming mortality a mong the troops at that post, but were unprepared for the long list of deaths occurring during the five month com mencing on the first of June and closing on the 1st of December, in the general hospital at Perote Castle, which we find in the New Orleans Delta ef the 18th instant. They comprise 498 deaths, the day. date, and disease of each being giv en iu the list, most of whom died of diarr hoea, dysoiitary, or intermittent fever. The number shows the deaths to have averaged irom tnree to iour per day. Nearly two thirds ofthe whole list were attached lo the Pennsylvania Regiment. 'More Revelations." At Buffalo, a few days since, three colored men were arrested, after a desperate resistance, by a posse of police officers, charged with breaking into aud taking possession of a house. It appears tlm tluce are labor ing under some kind of fanaiico-religiou delusion, one of them professing to have revelations and inspirations from on high; and their assault upon the house was the result of a revelation he professed to have received, that the dwelling wa hi own A man sooner finds out hi own foible in a stranger, than any ouhei foible.