Fulton County tribune., April 28, 1916, Image 2

About Fulton County tribune. (Wauseon, Ohio) 1883-1925

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PULTON COUNTY TRIBUNF.
IVILSQfl WARNS
KAISER SUBSEA
1RI5T5I0P
Note Foreshadows Break Unless
Teutons Cease U-Boat
Attacks, .
DEMANDS IMMEDIATE ACTION
President Notifies Berlin Government
That Diplomatic Relation Will Be
8evered If Present Methods of
Submarine Commanders Are
Not Abandoned at Once.
' Washington. The note to Germany
demanding Immediate cessation Of 11
Segal attacks by submarines on 'pas
senger and freight steamers carrying
neutrals was given out by the syne
, department simultaneously with Its
receipt by Ambassador uerara ror de
livery to the German foreign office.
The note Is regarded as essentially an
ultimatum, although not given that
technical designation by the state de
partment vThe note follows:
"To Ambassador Gerard:
"You are instructed to deliver to
the secretary of foreign affairs a com
munication rending as follows:
"I did not fall to transmit immedi
ately by telegraph to my government
your excellency's note of the 10th in
stant in regard to certain attacks by
German submarines, and particularly
in regard to the disastrous explosion
which on March 24 last wrecked th
French steamship Sussex In the Eng
lish channel.
"I have now the honor to deliver, un-
dor Instructions from my government
the following reply to your excellency:
"Information now in the possession
of the government of the United States
fully establishes the facts in the case
of the Sussex, and the inferences
which my government has drawn from
that Information it regards as con
firmed by the circumstances set forth
tn your excellency's note of the 10th
Instant.
"On the 24th of March, 1916. at
i about 2:50 o'clock In the afternoon
the unarmed' steamer Sussex, with
$25, or more passengers on board,
among whom were a number of Amer
ican citizens, was torpedoed while
woeatng from Folkstone to Dieppe
""ThS" Sussex had never been armed;
a a vessel known to be habitually
Uced only for the conveyance of pas
sengers across the English channel,
and was not following the route taken
7 troop ships or supply ships.
.About eighty of her passengers,
noncombatants of all ages and sexes.
Including citizens of the United States
were killed or Injured.
German Submarine Blamed.
,"A careful, detailed and scrupulous
ly Impartial Investigation by naval and
military officers of tho United Statei
fca conclusively established- the fact
that the Sussex was torpedoed without
.warning or summons to surrender and
inai u3 torpedo try which she was
' 'rack was of German manufacture. In
view ot the government of the United
' Elates, these farts from the first made
the conclusion 'that, the .torpedo was
fired by a German submarine unavoid
able. - .
; 'It now considers that conclusion
substantiated by the statements of
' your excellency's note. A full state
ment of the facts upon which the gov
ernment of the United States has
based Us conclusion is inclosed.
"Thu government of the United
States, after having given careful con
sideration to the note of the imperial
government of the 10th of April, re
frets to state that the impression
made upon It by the statements and
proposals contained in that note is
that the Imperial government has
failed td appreciate the gravity of the
situation which has resulted, not alone
' from tho attack on the Sussex, but
from the whole method and character
f submarine warfare as disclosed by
the unrestrained practice of the com
manders of German undersea craft dur
ing tha past twelve months and more
In the Indiscriminate destruction of
merchant vessels of all sorts, nation
alities and destinations. ,
Jf the sinking of the Sussex had
been an Isolated case, tho government
of the United States might find it pos
sible, to hope that the officer who was
responsible for that act had wilfully
violated his orders or had been crlm
Inally negligent In taking none of the
precautions mey prescribed and to
hope that the ends of Justice might be
satisfied by imposing upon him an ade
quate punishment, coupled with a for
mal disavowal of the act and payment
of a suitable InJemnlty by the Im
perial government.
"But, though the attack upon the
Sussex was manifestly Indefensible,
and caused a loss of life so tragical as
to make It stand forth as one of the
most terrible examples of the inhu
manity of submarine warfare as the
commanders of German vessels are
conducting it. It unhappily does not
stand alone.
On the contrary, the government ot
the United States is forced by recent
events to conclude that it is only one
instance, even though one of the most
extreme and most distressing in
stances, of the deliberate method and
spirit of indiscriminate destruction of
merchant vessels, of all sorts, nation
alities end destinations, which have
become more and more unmistakable
as the activity ' of German undersea
vessels of war has In recent months
been quickened and extended.
The imperial government will re
call that when. In February. 1915. it
announced its intention of treating the
waters surrounding Great Britain and
Ireland as embraced within the seat
of war and of destroying all merchant
ships owned by its enemies that
might be found within that zone of
danger, and warned all vessels, neu
tral as well as belligerent, to keep
out Of the waters thus proscribed or
to enter them at their peril, the gov
ernment pf the United States earnest
ly protested.
Peril Was Shown.
The government of the United
States took the position that such a
policy could not-be pursued without
out a moment's -warning, often before
they have even become aware that
they were in the presence of nn armed
ship of the enemy, and the lives of
noncombatants, passengers and crew
have been destroyed wholesale, and in
a manner which the government of
the United States cannot but regard
as wanton and without the slightest
,color of Justification.
"No limit of any kind has in fact
been set to their indiscriminate pur
suit and destruction of merchantmen
of all kinds and nationalities within
the waters which the imperial govern
ment has chosen to designate as ly
ing within the seat of war.
American Toll Grows.
"The roll of Americans who . have
lost their lives upon ships thus at
tacked and destroyed has grown
month by month until the ominous toll
has mounted Into the hundreds.
"The government of the United
States has been very patient. At
every stage of tbis distressing experi
ence of tragedy after tragedy it has
sought to be governed by the most
thoughtful consideration of the ex
traordinary circumstances of an un
precendented war and to be guided by
sentiments of very genuine friendship
for the people and government of Ger
many. "It has accepted the successive ex
planations and assurances of the im
perial government as of course given
in entip? sincerity and good faith, and
nas hoped, even against hope, that it
PRESIDENT TELLS
CONGRESS ABOUT
HIS ULTIMATUM
Joint Session Hears of Action
That May Result in Broken
Relations.
constant gross and palpable violation ! would prove to be possible for the im-
of the accepted law of nations, partic
ularly If submarine craft were to be
employed as Its instruments, Inasmuch
as the rules prescribed by that law,
rules founded on the principles of hu
manity and established for the protec
tion of the lives of noncombatants at
sea, could not in the nature of the
case be observed by such vessels.
It based Its protest on Use ground
that persons of neutral nationality and
vessels of neutral ownership would be
exposed to extreme and intolerable
risks; and that no right to close any
part of the high seas could lawfully
e asserted by the Imperial governs
went in the circumstances then exist
ing.
The law ot nations in these mat
ters, upon which the government of
the United States based that protest.
is not of recent origin or founded upon
merely arbitrary principles set up by
convention. It Is based, on the con
trary, upon manifest principles of hu
manity, and has long been established
with the approval and by the express
assent of all civilized nations.
Persists In Policy.
"The imperial government, notwith
standing, persisted in ' carrying , out
the policy announced, expressing the
hope that the dangers involved, at any
rate to neutral vessels, would be re
duced to a minimum by the instruc
tions which it issued to the command
ers of Its submarines, and assuring
the government of the United States
that it would take every possible pre
caution both to respect the rights of
neutrals and to safeguard the lives of
noncombatants.
In pursuance of this policy of sub
marine warfare against the commerce
of its adversaries, thus announced and
thus entered upon in despite ,of the
solemn protest of the government of
the United States, the commanders of
the imperial government's undersea
vessels have ' carried on practices of
such ruthless destruction which have
made it more and more evident as the
months have gone by that the im
perial government has . found it im
practicable to put any such restraint
upon them as it had hoped and prom
ised to put.
"Again and again the Imperial gov
ernment has given its solemn assur
ances to the government of the United
States ' that at least passenger ships
would not be thus dealt with, and yet
it has repeatedly permitted its under
sea commanders to disregard those as
surances with entire impunity.
As recently as February last It gave
notice that it would regard all armed
merchantmen owned by its enemies as
part of the armed forces of its adver
saries and deal with them as men of
war, thus, -at least by implication.
pledging Itself to give warning to ves
sels which were not armed and to af
ford security of life to their passen
gers and crews; but even this limita
tion their submarine commanders have
recklessly ignored.
Neutral Vessels Sunk.
"Vessels of neutral ownership, even
vessels of neutral ownership bound
from neutral port to neutral port, have
been destroyed along with vessels of
belligerent ownership in constantly in
creasing number. Sometimes the mer
chantmen attacked have been warned
and summoned to surrender before be
ing fired on or torpedoed; sometimes
their passengers and crews have been
vouchsafed the poor security of being
allowed to take to the ship's boats be
fore the ship was sent to the bottom
"But again and again no warning
has been given, no escape even to
the ship's boats allowed to those on
board.
"Great liners like the Lusitania and
Arabic and mere passenger boats like
the Sussex have been attacked with-
ptrial government so to order and con
trol Vot acts of its naval command
ers as to square its policy with the
recognized principles of humanity as
embodied in the law of nations.
"It has made every allowance for
unprecedented conditions and has
been willing to wait .until the facts
became unmistakable and were sus
ceptible of only one interpretation.
"It now owes it to a Just regard for
its own rights to say to the imperial
government that that time has. come.
It has become painfully evident to it
that the position which it took at the
very outset is inevitable, namely, the
use of submarines for the destruction
of an enemy's commerce, is, of neces
sity, because of the character of the
vessels employed and the very meth
ods of attack which their employment
of courae Involves, utterly incompat
ible with the principles of humanity
the long-established d incontrovert
ible rights of neutrals and the sacred
immunities of noncombatants.
But One Course Open,
"If it is stU the purpose of the
imperial government to prosecute re
lentless and indiscriminate warfare
against vessels of commerce by the
use of submarines without regard to
what the government of the United
States must consider the sacred and
indisputable rules of international law
and the universally recognized dictates
of humanity, the government of the
United States is at last forced to the
conclusion that there is but one course
it can pursue.
Unless , the imperial government
should now immediately declare and
effect an abandonment of its present
methods of submarine warfare against
passenger and freight-carrying vessels,
the government of the United States
can have no choice but to sever1 dip
lomatic relations with the German em
pire altogether. This action the gov
ernment or the United States con
templates with the greatest reluctance,
but feels constrained to take in behalf
of humanity and the rights of neutral
nations.
(Signed) "LANSING."
GERMANY SHARPLY INDICTED
Mr. Wilson. Sets Forth Progress of
Kaiser's Submarine Warfare, Hia
Futile Promises and the Final Ex
haustion of America's Patience.
House of Representatives, the Cap
itol, Washington, April 20. Sharply
indicting Germany for its use ot sub
marines against merchant vessels,
President Wilson yesterday, before a
joint session of congress, issued pub
lie notice to the world that unless that
government changes its methods the
United States will " have no choice
but to sever diplomatic relations.
"The history in the making," was
witnessed by one of the largest gath
erings that has ever been Jammed into
the historic chamber of the house of
representatives. Every single inch
of available space was occupied, while
literally thousands were turned away.
There was no questioning the seri
ousness of the president's position.
His voice, somewhat husky, penetrated
every corner of the room, and the
message was emphasized with an ex
pression that showed its author was
fearful of the outcome. That serious
ness was shared by the audience, the
usual applause given the president's
utterances being absent
The message in every sense was an
ultimatum. True, it contained no time
limit within which reply must be made.
But it flatly insisted that the German
submarine warfare has reached the
stage when this government will no
longer tolerate it
. The German explanations, previous
ly made, have been accepted in good
faith, the president said, 'in the hope
that that government would finally
be able to so order and control the acts
of its naval commanders as to square
its policy with the position of human
ity as embodied in the "law of na
tions."
The United States had been willing
to wait the president said, "until the
significance of the facts became abso
lutely ., unmistakable and susceptible
of but one interpretation." That point.
he said, has "now unhappily been
reached., .' v .
Stevenson'a Letters Sold.
Admirers of Robert Louis' Steven
son noted today with interest the
prices paid for autograph letters of
Stevenson in the sale here of the col
lection of letters owned by Mrs. Salis
bury Field of Santa Barbara. Cal.
Mrs. Field inherited the collection on
the death of her mother, who was the
author's wife. The top price of yes
terday's sale was $250, which was
paid for an unpublished letter to Ste
venson's mother in 1881, In which he
mentions that he was paid only $100
for his "Virginibus Puerisque," The
letter brought $150 more than the
price paid for the original work. , A
letter to Stevenson's father, in which
the author asserted that he was going
to rewrite "Treasure Island! brought
$225. jThe sum of $167.50 was paid
for a letter to Stevenson's parents,
in which the author wrote that he had
been offered "a hundred pounds a
hundred Jingling, tingling, golden
minted quid" for "Treasure Island."
Pittsburgh Dispatch.
"Smoke" From Mount Hood.
The "smoke," so-called, that has
been reported rising from the crater
of Mount Hood, the extinct volcano of
Oregon, Is not smoke at all, according
to F. D. Young of the United States
weather bureau. Sometimes it is
merely snow, blown from the cliffs in
side the crater by a strong wind;
sometimes it is clouds, drifting into
the Crater and transformed into an
almost perpendicular column of va
por by the rising air currents where
the cliffs converge
. Text of President's Address.
Following is the complete text of
the president's address:
"Gentlemen of the Congress: A situ
ation has arisen in the, foreign rela
tions of the country of which it is my
plain duty to Inform you very frafikly
"It will be recalled that in Febru
ary, 1915, the imperial German govern
ment announced its Intention to treat
the waters surrounding Great Britain
and Ireland as embraced within the
seat of war and to destroy all mer
chant ships owned by its enemies that
might be found within any part nf
that portion of the high seas, and that
it warned- all vessels, of neutral as
well as of belligerent ownership, to
keep out , of the waters it had thus
prescribed, or else enter them at their
peril. The government of the United
States earnestly protested. It took
the position that such a policy could
not be pursued without the practical
certainty of gross and palpable viola
tions of the law of nations, particular
ly if submarine craft were to be em
ployed as its instruments, inasmuch as
the rules prescribed by that law, rules
founded upon principles of humanity
and established for the protection of
the lives of noncombatants at sea
could not in the nature of the case be
observed by such vessels. It based
its protest on the ground that persons
of neutral nationality and vessels of
neutral ownership would be exposed
to extreme and intolerable risks, and
that no right to close any part of the
high seas against their use jr to ex
pose them to such risks could lawfully
be asserted by any belligerent govern
ment The law of nations in these
matters, upon which the government
of the United States based its protest
is not of recent origin cr founded upon
merely arbitrary principles set up by
convention. It is based, on the con
trary, upon manifest and imperative
principles of humanity and has long
been established with the approval
and by the express assent of all civi
lized nations.
Protest Was Disregarded.
"Notwithstanding the earnest pro
test of our government, the imperial
German government at once proceeded
to carry out the policy it has an
nounced. It expressed the hope that
the dangers involved, at any rate the
dangers to neutral vessels, would he
reduced to a minimum by the instruc-
MAN WAS EVER UNGRATEFUL
As Witness His Treatment of Faithful
Friend Whose Only Idea Is to
Do Him a Service.'
The truest and most devoted friend
that man ever had is the little inani
mate bundle of nerves that stands
guard by his bedside through the dead
, hours of the night, its palpitating lit
( tie heart spreading cheer and confi
dence over the surrounding gloom.
Tet man often forgets the depths ot
TAKE PRIDE IN THEIR COMBS
Social Status of Natives of Ceylon Can
t Be Told by the Height of Their
Hair Ornament.
Ceylon is perhaps the only country
In the world where men wear combs.
It Is the delight ot the native males
of the low country to wear their hair
twisted Into a roll at the back of the
bead, with a horseshoe-shaped tortoise
shell comb at tbe top. The women,
curiously enough, do not affect this or-
gratitude he owes this faithful and
tireless little friend for the Bleepless,
watchful hours it subjects Itself to in
order that he may slumber in security
s.nd comfort, and when it sings Its
merry morning lay I have seen htm,
instead of bestowing fond caresses,
reach from bis warm quilts, grasp "it
ruthlessly and slam it into the farth
est and darkest corner of the room,
crushing the dainty hands that seemed
uplifted in an attitude ot horror and
protection, scornfully muttering such
uncouth and unworthy reproaches as
nament. It appears that one of the
t treat ambitions of the Cinralese man
of humble position is to possess and
wear a huge comb of the finest luster
and most perfect manufacture, and
many indicate their higher social
status by means of an additional comb,
rising to a considerable height above
their glossy coil.
The artist in tortoise shell who
makes these combs obtains his raw
materials from the hawkbill turtle.
The turtle is killed and its carcass im
mediately Immersed in boiling water.
these, "D that blinkety-blank
alarm clock, anyhow!'' then return to
his snoring. Zim, in Cartoon Magazine.
Hons which it had issued to its subma
rine commandersand assured the gov
ernment of the United States that it
would take every possible precaution.
both to respect the rights of neutrals
and to safeguard the lives of noncombatants.
What has actually happened in the
year which has since elapsed has
shown that those hopes were not Justi
fied, those assurances insusceptible of
being fulfilled. In pursuance of the
policy of submarine warfare against
the commerce of its adversaries, tlwis
announced and entered upon by the
imperial German government in
despite of the solemn protest of this
government, the commanders of Ger
man undersea vessels have attacked
merchant ships with greater and great
er activity, not only upon the high
seas surrounding Great Britain and
Ireland, but wherever they encounter
them, in a way that has grown more
and more ruthless, more and more
indiscriminate as the months have
gone by, less and less observant of re
straints of any kind; and have deliv
ered their attacks without compunc
tion against vessels of every nationality
and bound upon . every sort of er
rand. Vessels of neutral ownership.
even vessels of neutral ownership
bound from neutral port to neutral
port, have been destroyed along with
vessels of belligerent ownership, in
constantly increasing numbers. Some
times tbe merchantman attacked has
been warned and summoned to sur
render before being fired on or tor
pedoed; sometimes passengers or
crews have been vouchsafed the poor
security of being allowed to take to
the ship's boats before she was sent
to the bottom. But again and again
no warning has been given, no escape
even to the ship's boats allowed to
those on board. What this government
foresaw must happen has happened.
Tragedy has followed tragedy on the
seas in such fashion, with such at
tendant circumstances, as to make tt
grossly evident that warfare of such a
sort if warfare it be, cannot be car
ried on without the most palpable
violation of the dictates alike of right
and of humanity. Whatever the dispo
sition and intention of the imperial
German government, it has manifestly
proved impossible for it to keep such
methods of attack upon the commerce
of its enemies within bounds set by
either the reason or the heart of man
kind. . . . '
At Jo Armed Merchantmen.
"In February of the present year the
imperial German government informed
this government and the other neutral
governments of the world that it had
reason to believe that the government
of Great Britain had armed all mer
chant vessels of British ownership and
had given them secret orders to attack
any submarine of the enemy they
might encounter upon the ueas, and
that the imperial German' government
felt Justified in the circumstances in
treating all armed merchantmen of
belligerent ownership as auxiliary ves
sels of war, which it would have the
right to destroy without warning.
."The law of nations has long rec
ognized the right if merchantmen to
carry arms for protection and to use
them to repel attack, though to use
them, in such circumstances, at their
own risks; but' the imperial German
government claimed the right to set
these understandings aside in circum
stances which it - deemed extraordi
nary. Even the terms in which it an
nounced its purpose thus still furth
er to relax the restraints it had pre
viously proEessed its willingness and
desire to put upon the operations of its
submarines carried the plain impli
cation that at least vessels which
were not armed would still be exempt
from destruction without warning and
that personal safety would be accord
ed their passengers and crews; but
even that limitation, u it was ever
practicable to observe it; has in fact
constituted no check at ail upon the
destruction of ships of every sort
"Again and again the imperial Ger
man government has given this gov
ernment its solemn assurances that at
least passenger ships would not be
thus dealt with, and yet it has again
and again permitted its undersea com
manders to disregard these assur
ances with entire impunity. Great j
liners like the Lusitania and the Ar
abic and mere ferry boats like the
Sussex have been attacked without
La moment's warning, sometimes ' be
fore they had even become aware that
they were in the presence of an armed
vessel cf the enemy, and the lives of
noncombatants, passengers and crew,
have been sacrificed whoiesale, in a
manner which the government of the
United States cannot regard as
wanton and without he slightest col
or of Justification. , No limit cf any
kind has in fact been set to the indis
criminate pursuit and destruction of
merchantmen of all kinds and nation
alities within the waters, constantly
extending in area, where these oper
ations have been carried on, and the
roll of Americans who have lost their
lives on ships thus attacked and de
stroyed has grown month by month
until the ominous toll has mounted in
to the hundreds.
Sussex a Late Example.
"One of the latest and most shock
ing instances of this method vt war
fare was that of the destruction of
the French cross-channel steamer
Sussex. It must stand forth, as the
sinking of the steamer Lusitania did,
as so singularly tragical and unjustt
liable as to constitute a truly teerible
example of the inhumanity of subma
rine warfare as the commanders of
German vessels have for the past
twelve months been conducting
it. If this instance stood alone, some
explanation, some disavowal by the
German government, some evidence
of criminal mistake or willful disobe
dience on the part of the commander
of the vessel that fired the torpedo
might be sought or entertained; but
unhappily it does not stand alone.
Recent events make the conclusion
inevitable that it is only one instance.
even though it .be one of the most ex
treme and distressing instances, of
the spirit and method of warfare
which the imperial ' German govern
ment has mistakenly aU opted, and
which from the first exposed that gov
ernment to the reproach of thrusting
all neutral rights aside in pursuit of
its immediate objects.
"The government of the United
States has been very patient At ev
ery stage of this distressing experi
ence of tragedy after tragedy in which
its own citizens were involved it bad
sought to be restrained from any ex
treme course of action or of protest
by a thoughtful consideration of the
extraordinary circumstances" of this
unprecedented war and actuated in
all it said or did iy the sSntiments of
genuine friendship which the people
of the United States have always en
tertained and continue to entertain to
ward the German nation. It has, of
course, accepted the successive expla
nations , and assurances of the impe
rial German government as given in
entire sincerity and good faith, and
has -hoped, even against hope, that it
would prove to be possible for the
German government, so to order and
control the acts of its naval comman
ders as to square its policy with the
principles of humanity as embodied
WHY NAVY SUFFERS
Secretary Daniels an Inefficient
Administrator.
HISTORY OF SUBSEA -,
DISPUTE WITH BERLIN
Not Too Much to Say That He Has
Been a Joke in His Position
Able-Naval Officers Have Ex
pressed Dissatisfaction.
The public has no doubt that Secre
tary of the Navy Daniels may be a
perfectly capable country editor and
an entirely deserving Democrat, but
ever since he took Charge of the navy
department and tried to inflict some
of his foolish notions upon the fleet
he has been a joke. Nor is his un
favorable repute entirely humorous
Authorities in such matters have not
hesitated to name him' as unusually
Inefficient, - even for a civilian secre
tary of the navy. , He . has been
charged not only with failing to worli
for the navy, but with working against
It. The long committee hearings
have elicited from army officers nc
complaint of Mr. Garrison, until re
cently secretary of war, but have
brought from navy officers ' numerous
criticisms of Mr. Daniels. - Rear Ad
miral Fiske, an able officer who . re
signed his post as chief of operations
rather than accept responsibility un
der the circumstances, has just test!
fied that lack of administrative effi
ciency is costing the navy 25 per cent
of its 'effective strength, so that "we
are getting only 75 cents on the dol
lar" in return for naval appropria
tions.
to the law of nations. It has been
willing to wait until the significance
of the facts became absolutely unmis
takable and susceptible of but one in
terpretation.": ' . '
"That point has now unhappily been
reached. The facts are susceptible
of but one interpretation. The impe
rial German government has been un
able to put any limit or restraints
upon its warfare against either freight
or passenger ships. It has therefore
becume painfully evident that the po
sition which this government took at
the very outset is inevitable, namely,
that the use of submarines for the de
struction of an enemy's commerce is
of necessity, because of the very char
acter cf the vesgels employed and the
very methods of attack which their
employment of course involves, in
compatible with the principles of hu
manity, the long-established and incon
trovertible tights of neutrals, and the
sacred immunities of non-combatants.
Virtual Ultimatum Sent.
1 have deemed it my duty, there
fore, to say to the imperial German
government that if it is still its pur
pose to prosecute ruthless and indis
criminate warfare against vessels of
commerce by the use of submarines,
notwithstanding the now demon
strated impossibility of conducting
that warfare in accordance with whar
the government of the United States
must consider the sacred and indis
putable rules of international law and
the universally recognized dictates of
humanity, the government of the
United States is at last forced to the
conclusion that there is but one
course it can pursue; and that unless ;
the imperial German government
should now immediately declare and
effect an abandonment of its present
methods of warfare against passenger
and freight carrying vessels this gov
ernment; can have no choice but to
sever diplomatic relations with the
government of the German empire al
together. .-,"'. ,
"This decision I have arrived at
with the keenest regret; the possibil
ity of the action contemplated I am
sure all thoughtful ' Americans will
look forward to with unaffected reluc
tance. But we cannot forget that we
are in some sort and by the force of
circumstances the. responsible spokes
man of the rights of humanity, and
that we canrfbt remain silent while
those rights seem in process of being
utterly swept away in the maelstrom
of this terrible war. We owe it to a
due regard for our own rights as a
nation, to our sense of duty as a pre
resentative of the rights of neutrals
the world over, and to a joint concep
tion of the rights of mankind to take
this stand now with the utmost solem
nity and firmness.
"1 have taken it, and taken it in
the confidence that it will meet with
your approval and' support All sober
minded men must. 'unite in hoping
that the imperial ' German govern
ment, which nas in otner circum
stances stood as the champion of all
that we are now contending for in the
interest of humanity, may recognize
the Justice of our demands and meet
them in the spirit In which they are
made.
Crosses and Double Crosses.
Mr. Bryan has "come out openly"
for the renomination of President Wil
son. This would seem nothing else
than a succumbing to the inevitable
were It not for some phases of the
Bryan pronouncement notably that
"by repudiating Wall street we saved
the party and made possible a Demo
cratic victory in 1912."
What is Mr., Bryan trying to do to
Mr. Wilson? Is. tbe man who once
proclaimed his detestation for the
"cross of gold" and who later man
fested extreme tenderness toward the
iron cross now engaged in applying
the "double cross" 'to Mr,-Wilson as
he applied it in the memorable case of
Mr. Champ Clark in 1912?
. For what other effect can this "Wall
street" talk of Mr; Bryan have than to
draw the attention of Wall street bait
ing Democrats to the fact that Mr
Wilson went to "Wall street" for his
secretary of the treasury and for the
man who is regarded the "kingpin" of
his federal reserve board? New Yori
Herald. ' "
Is a Republican Year.
Unless all signs fail, this is a Re
publican 7 year. All the by-elections
and the primary voting have been
largely Republican. In Indiana the
trend unmistakably is to the Repub
licans. The Republican candidate foi
governor, Mr. Goodrish, for instance
an old-line Republican, received 50.
000 more votes than the Democratic
and Progressive vote together. In th
contest for the United States senate
the Republican vote was 35,000 great
er than the Democratic vote, and Mr
Fairbanks had close to 20,000 more
votes than Mr. Wilson.- This is par
ticularly significant because the Dem .
crats have control of the state ma
chinery to a very great extent There
was a deep interest in the local con
tests among the Democrats, and they
werS exceedingly active in getting out
the voters everywhere., - '
, Law That Ruined Industry.
By a vote of 346 to 14 the Demo
cratic house of representatives ot the
Siaty-fourth congress voted to repeal
a piece of legislation enacted with a
great flourish by the Democratic Six
ty-third congress, before the arrival
of the time for" It to go into effect
if the senate, when it comes to con
sider this repeal of the free sugar
clause of the Underwood bill, should
enter upon a discussion of the advisa-'
bilit'y of overthrowing the entire sugar
schedule of that measure there will
be little surprise. It is difficult to dis
cover anything it has accomplished
except to ruin the sugar industry and
keep money out of the treasury.
Still Ha? a Chance. ,
The patriotic little girl who is try
ing to collect -enough dimes to build
a battleship is finding that it takes
a good many ten cent pieces to make
up the millions necessary; but at
that she is likely to have her ship in
commission before a dilatory and sel
fish Democratic congress awakens to
the navy's needs of more men and
vessels. . '!
Washington", D. C The'"8ubmarine
controversy between the United States
and Germany had its beginning on
February 4, 1915. . A chronological rec
ord of subsequent steps, follows.
-".;' 1915. , . : (
Feb. 4 Germany notifies United
States she will start submarine war in
wafers adjacent to British isles on
Feb. 18. " .
Feb. 10 United States notifies Ger
many it will hold her to "strict ac
countability" for any loss or injury to
Americans as result of submarine war.
Feb. 20:!-United States suggests to
both Germany and Great Britain a ces
sation of their illegal activities.
jviarcn zjj British steamer taiana
sunk; , 160 lives lost, including one
American. .
April 28 American steamer Cush
lng attacked by German aeroplane. 1
; May 1 American steamer Gulflight
attacked by German submarine; three
Americans lost' '. . i
May 7 Lusitania sunk; 114 Ameri- -cans
killed.' ,
May 13 President sends first Lusi
tania note to Germany, saying United. ,
States will omit "no word or act" to
preserve its rights. " ; .
May 28 Germany, replies to United
States note, dodging issues raised by
Wilson. v .
June 1 Germany offers reparation
for Gulflight and Cushing attacks.
June 8 Secretary of State Bryaa
resigns from cabinet : " . y
June 9 Second Lusitania -note sent . .
to Germany by President Wilson. v
July 8 Germany's rejoinder received
"jy United States. : '
July 9 Steamer "Orduna" 'attacked .
Vithout warning by German subma
rine. ' -:' - i :
July 21 Thir American Lusitania
note sent to Berlin, informing. Ger
many that further attacks would be i
regarded as "deliberately unfriendly."
July 25 American steamer Lee'.a- .
naw sunk. V
Aug. 18 Count von Bernstorff . as
sures Secretary of State Lansing Ger- ,
many will end submarine warfare on
passenger ships.
Aug. 19 Liner Arabic sunk. : two
Americans killed. ;y
Aug. 27 Von Bernstorff promises
"complete satisfaction."
Septtl Germany promises to, sink
no more liners. .
, Sept 4 Liner Hesperian sunk mys
teriously. . .." ...
Sept 7 German note on Arabic re.
ceived 1y United States. . ."
Sept 9 Germany explains attack
on Orduna.- ; , -. 7 "
Oct 5 LGermany apologizes for afa
tack on Arabic, disavows act of sub- -
.marine commander, aad offers inden
nity to United States. , "i -' .
Nov. 7 Italian liner Ancona sunk,
with loss of American lives.
Dec. 6 United States calls Austria
to account for sinking Ancona.
: Dec. 15 Austria replies and a
tempts to start argument on fact .
Dec. 19 United States sends rejoin
der to Austrian reply, demanding cqjo
plete backdown. .
; Dec! 22 Japanese steamer Yanaka
Maru sunk in Mediterranean.":.
Dec. 29 Austria backs -down and
apologizes. - '
Dec. 30 Steamer ' Persia tsunk in
Mediterranean, United States Consul
McNeely killed.-
1916. '
Jan. 5 United. States senate de
bates advisability of warning Ameri
cans off belligerent liners. , ' : .
Jan. 7 Von Bernstorff gives United
States new assurances on German sub
marine policy, insisting safety of non
combatants will be considered.
Jan. 18 Secretary Lansing sends
note to allied powers suggesting they
disarm merchantmen or United States
will regard them as auxiliary cruisers.
Feb. 10 Germany informs 'United
States after March 1 it will attack all
armed liners without warning.
Feb. 21 Senator Stone, chairman oi
senate foreign relations committee,
Chairman Flood of house foreign af
fairs committee, and Senator Kern of
Indiana call on j Wilson at Whiu
House and tell him congress wantt
Americans warned off armed ships.
Feb." 24 Wilson makes public lettet
to Stone declining to warn Americans
Feb. 27 Germany informs Unitet
States its order will go into effect
Feb. 29 Wilson demands that con
gress defeat resolutions warning Amer
icans off armed ships.
March 3 Resolution of warning in
troduced by Gore tabled by senat
with provision in it that sinking oi
armed ships, resulting In death OI
. ' T A V ..
Reducing Cost of Living.
Now look for a plank in the-next
Democratic platform giving a recipe for
a reduction in the price cf gasoline
that won't reduce it. Philadelphia
Press.
Americans, would be cause for war. -
March 7 House : tables McLemore
resolution of warning. t , '
March 24 English steamer Sussex
attacked by submarine several Amer
icans seriously injured. ;
March 25 British steamers Man
chester Engineer, Eagle Point and Ber
wyndvale attacked.
April 18 Wilson aectaes to lay en
tire case before congress after cabt
net approves note to Germany inform-
ing her United States will not argur
submarine matters any longer.
MEN AND MATTERS
The Kurd In History, '
Tbe kurds, whose transfer of alle
giance from Turkey to Russia in con
wquence of the fall of Erzerum, is
now alarming the official world at
Constantinople, trace back not only to
tbe Carduchl of classical days, but far
beyond that to the Turanian Kurdu,
who were a powerful nation in As
syrian times. When Nineveh fell they
became merged in the Medes and up
.to today have been subject partly to
Persia and partly to Turkey. Being
alios tj the former la religion and to
the latter in language, it is not sur
prising that they have an indifferent
reputation among their neighbors.
But this 13 not altogether deserved,
for, though wild and lawless, they are
neither fanatical nor cruel, and are
by nature brave .and hospitable. Tbe
Great Saladin was a Kurd. London
Chronicle.
Handling Materials.
Handling materials in all kinds of
manufacturing plants is one of tbe
largest problems and one of the most
Wise Suggestion.
"Asphodelia Twobble says her tem
perament is going to be the death of
her yet"
"She ought to take something for
it."
"What would you suggest?"
"A husband who won't stand for
any foolishness."
The plates, when separated from the
bony part of the animal, are very ir
regular in form. Being brittle, they
require careful manipulation, especial
ly as a high temperature, which would
soften them, tends to darken and cloud
the shell. They are therefore treated
at as low a heat as is possible for the
work. Thickness is obtained by soft
ening several plates and then applying
pressure, when a union of the surfaces
takes place. Under heat the shell also
is molded into various artificial
forms.
difficult to solve that confront the
managers of the industrial organiza
tion. The cost of handling materials
is not often a large percentage of the
total cost of production of the mann
factured article, but it forms an item
on which enough money can be spent
uselessly to turn the tide from profit
to loss, from solvency to bankruptcy.
Consequently the co( of unloading,
loading, conveying, bolsting, etc., is
one on which a great deal of study
may be profitably spent. Engineer
ing Magazine.
his
l.ord Kitchener reads all
speeches.
Philadelphia has over 1,000 wnoie-
sale houses.
The average height of a new-born
infant Is 18 inches.
Robert W. Chambers, the novelist.
was once an illustrator.
France has over 800,000 employees
in the government service.
Henry A. Dupont is conceded to be
the richest man in the United States.
O. L. Wilder, who is totally blind,
operates a grist mill at Williamsport
Pa.
Out of every dollar paid by the pub
lic for railroad transportation the em
nloyees receive 45 cents.
Theodore Roosevelt was the young
est man who ever assumed the presi
dency of the United States.
Fifty-one years as an employee of
the United States treasury depart
ment is the record held by Maj. Al
fred R, Quaiffe, who for the past 31
years has been custodian of the huge
deposits of gold and silver which( the
government keeps in its vaults.
Over 40,000 patents were granted by
the United States patent office during
1915.
Jan Kubelik, the violinist, has pur
chased an estate in Hungary valued
at $240,000.
M. Clemenceau, the French ex-premier,
is a brilliant novelist, dramatist
and Journalist
C. Magee Adams, an Ohio State
University graduate and blind, is edi
tor of the Valley Enterprise, the week
ly newspaper at Milford, O. He does
practically all the work except in the
mechanical departments.
Cruel.
Patience It is said the musical
acuteness of horses is shown by the
rapidity with which cavalry horses
learn the significance of trumpet calls.
Patrice I'll bet if you sang while
riding one he'd run away.
Those Loving Girls.
Hazel He actually ' followed me
with his eyes for more than a block.
Aimee And if you had only worn
a veil he probably would have fol
lowed you with his feet ,
Barefoot.
"Think of the poor people who have
to go barefoot!" exclaimed the sym
pathetic girl.
"You can't always tell about the pov
erty of people who go barefoot," re
plied her unimaginative father. "Some
of them may be ballet dancers."
The Real Flattery.
"Do you think it's a good idea to tell
a man funny stories when you're try
ing to Jolly him?"
"No," replied the veteran salesman.
"Let him tell 'em to you."
His Business.
"That photographer ought to have
been satisfied with the emphatic re
fusal the girl he proposed to gave
him."
"Why so?"
"He had the comfort of securing a
good negative."
Paying for Peace.
Church Does he believe in peace at
any price?
Gotham I think indeed he must.
Didn't you ever notice how many new
bonnets his wife has?
WORTH KNOWING
. Philippine cigars now are exported
to 39 countries besides the United
States.
One thousand cases of American
beer have been ordered by a firm in
Karachi, India.
Two of Denmark's young princes
are handicapped by the names of
"Viggo" and "Aaga."
The United States used one-fifth of
the 40,000,000 pounds of sugar pro
duced in the world last year.
Large deposits of platinum have
been discovered in the south of Spain.
They will be worked by the govern
ment. A Montana hospital claims the larg
est electric range. It has eight ovens,
and will prepare meals for 1,500 per
sons daily.
An iron ship weighs 27 per cent
less than a wooden one of the same
dimensions, and will carry 15 per
cent more cargo.
Exports of Scotch whisky to the
United States amounted to $396,807
last year, a falling off of more than
$40,000, as compared with 1911.
There are said to be 90,000 farms in
Texas on which no cows are sup
ported. Lake Erie is credited with produc
ing more fish to the square mile than
any other body of water in the world.
An inventor claims to have saved
20 per cent in automobile fuel by add
ing an ounce of camphor to each five
gallons of gasoline.
Eight vessels have been chartered
for a new steamship service between
Puget sound points and Vladivostok.
Damascus, in Syria, is the oldest of
all existing cities.
Will Be Answered in Election.
When the Underwood tariff comes
up for revision, sugar will again figure
in the equation. On which side will
the representatives of sugar constitu
encies then be found? On that of pro
tection? Will they .vote for the protec
tion of the industries of other sec
tions as they are asking protection for
this industry of their section? Or
will they, as heretofore, be found ia
company with those who would if they
could, as a matter of conviction, den?
protection to all industries?
Discouraging Company.
Mrs. Flatbush Coma over and sing
for me tonight?
Mrs. Bensonhurst But you have
company visiung ax your nousei
haven't you?
"Yes, but my husband thinks the)
have been with us long enough."
Voted With Their Enemies.
In the past the cane sugar growers
have trained with their enemies. In
stead of co-operating in politics with
their friends, they have given sup
port to the other side. When saved.
it has been by those whom they had
tried to keep out of power. They
helped to bring in Mr. Wilson, who
threatened them with destruction.
Demonstrating It
Mrs. Blnx "I was just reading about
a man seventy yean old who has been
sent to the penitentiary tor the tuTU
time for burglary." Mr. Blnx "Yea,
old age steals on." Boston Globe.
x
Not Mind Readers.
Newed My wife thinks you aw
clever. .
Oldwed You mean she says I am
Newed Well, isn't it the sam
thing?
Oldwed Not on your life. No man
knows what a woman thinks.
Somebody in Nebraska, it seems, al
leges that Mr Bryan is not a Demo
crat, if asked, we should feel nJiesi-
ifo
tancy
-Tiling him a typicaPone.
Not a Manor House. -
The artist was on a sketching ex
pedition, and seeing a very picturesque
old house in a village he passed
through he asked a laborer if it was
an old manor house. "Manor house?
No, sir, that it ain't; it's an old widder
ooman as lives there."
Sign of the Times.
It is said that a Chinese statesman
has just married his stenographer.
China may at last be considered tc
have caught up with occidental civili
zation.
Still the Same.
The Chinese claim that they bred
and domesticated hogs 4,000 years be
fore the Christian era, but in all thai
time the manners of the hogs have not
improved much. Atchison Globe.
' Unavailable.
"There is a man who never says an
unkind word about anybody."
"Well." replied Senator Sorghum. "1
don't believe we suouia waste nms
with him. Admirable as his qualitiea
may be, how could, he be useful in a
political campaign?
, In the Meantime. -.
Her Father "The fact Is. f cennot
give my daughter a dowry Jut at
present.'" Suitor "That's al! r?.ght,
Bir. ' 1 can love her for herself alone
In the meantime -Boston Trans-crip,