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' t. FULTON" CO. TRIHITXE, WAI'SEOX. TIIURSDA V, SEPT. 15 ndeten3etvoe Daddy's "Humanizing" the American Parcel Post Service ?d6eiii6 Fairy Tale W GRAHAM BC0WR. i i COstOHT wtiUt NtvytfU urnui esvvenn. ft.. XA JM 7 T By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN. HIS Is the centenary of ' the Inde pendence of Peru and. Peru has been celebrating the anniversary with pomp and circumstance at Its capital, Lima, and elsewhere. Virtually all the lead ing nations of the world,, as well as the smaller ones, were Invited to par ticipate in the celebration. Most of them accepted and took part. The United States sent the battle ships Oklahoma and Arizona and a special embassy headed by Albert -Douglas. France, Italy and Spain al so sent battleships; the French em bassy included General Mangin, the defender of Verdun. Great Britain sent Geri. Lord Dundonald, grandson of that Lord Cochrane who played so large a part In the liberation of Peru. Argentina Kent two battleships, an embassy and a regiment of grenadiers, the traditional descendants of the' troops which accompanied Gen. Jose de San Mar tin, Peru's liberator. Eighteen nations sent em bassies and thirteen others sent special missions. Possibly the princlpul feature of the celebration wus the unveiling of an equestrian statue of Gen. Jose de San Martin, (177S-1850). the Argentine leader who was the leading figure in the campaign for Peru's independence. San Martin was born In Argentine and served in Spain against the French U793-1811), attaining the rank of lleuten 'nut colonel. In 1812 he went to Buenos Aires and Joined the patriots who declared Argentine's Inde pendence In 1810. He did something new in striking at the Spanish In I'eru by marching over the Andes to Chile. He declined the office of supreme director of Chile, after his march resulted In that country's freedom. After his operations had won Lima, he was proclaimed supreme pro tector of Peru.' He resigned the office In 1822 and took no further part in South American affairs. During the celebration the Peruvian government issued a decree through. President Legula provid ing for the erection in Lima of a monument to George Washington as - "A model of exemplary citizenship and in view of the fact that tiie political emancipation of the United States was the forerunner of the indepen dence of the Hispano-Amerlcan nations.? This action of the Peruvian government is well taken and the decree is based on historical truth. The success of the American Revolution of 1778 . and that of France' of 1789 encouraged the hopes of the Hispano-Amerlcan patriots who were oreamlng of liberty. These hopes became brighter ctlll .upon the conquest of Spain by France In. 1807-3. . . Moreover, the constitutions which were formed In South America during the protracted struggle for independence from Spain were often modeled upon the Constitution of the United States. It Is true, however, that since 1830 constitutional devel opment in South America In general has been away from, the North American federal idea and toward the so-called unitary system in which large powers are vested in the national govern ment. In fact at present all the South American institutions are more or less unitary, with the exception of those of the Argentine Republic, Bra til' and Venezuela, - In the beginning Spain entrusted the government ' of Spanish' America to special agents of the throne called viceroys and captains general. Thus In 1778 there were three viceroys In South America. ,One In Bogata controlled the northwest, the viceroyalty of New Grenada. A second in Buenos Aires con trolled the southeast, the viceroyalty of La Plata. The third in Lima controlled a large part of the west, the viceroyalty of Peru. One captain gen eral controlled Chile and another Venezuela. Bra til was Portuguese territory. Peru was the center of Spanish powr. So, when the provinces began to break away from Spain, it was those at a dis tance from Pern that first became free. Venezuela was the first of the Spanish American political divisions to declare Its Independence from Spain, In 1811. After the patriots under Simon Bolivar had defeated the royalists, a state known as Great Colombia was established in the north; la 1830 It broke into three states: Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. In 1816 the United ProvinVes of La Plata the historical antecedent of the Argentine Republic adopted a declaration of Independence. Then came Peru and Bolivia. By 1831 there were In Spanish America nine Independent states: Ven ezuela. Colombia, ' Ecuador, Peru. Bolivia. Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentine. Since then the history of these independent states has been marked by many revolutions and dictatorships. Since Lima was the center of Spanish power In America, the Independence of Peru was essential lo the continued Indejiendenee of the free states. ' Now In Peru, although the Creoles (American-born Spaniards) were dissatisfied, the bulk of the pop ulation was not disloyal. Uprisings In 1811 and 1814 resulted only In the defeat and execution of the leaders. Still, in 1817 Gen. Joaquin de la A .3. ZJZtgZZZg:, FK&mZ2Yri922 Pezuela, the last of the 44 legally constituted vice roys of Peru, reported that the whole country was ripe for rebellion, and that, although he realized the danger, he was unable to take effective precau tionary means, since he could in no way foretell from what direction the blow would come. The loyal troops at his disposal amounted to 23,000 men 7,815 In Lima and Callao ; 8,485 quartered at Cuz co, Arequipa, and Xauxa ; 6,000 in upper Peru ; and 700 at Pisco and Caneta on the coast. So It was that preparations to free Peru from Spain were largely made In .distant Buenos Aires. In 1814 General de San Martin began the task of creating the "Andes Army," his plan of campaign being to march across the Andes to Chile. Jan uary 17, 1817, he began his march, with 260 regi mental officers and 2,500 foot soldiers. There were three divisions under Generals Las Heras, Al va rn do and Conde. There were 1,600 horses and 9,281 mules with supplies and equipment. The army, crossing through Uspallata pass (12, 500 feet) entered Santiago in February. The bat tie of Malpu, April 5, ended Spanish power In Chile. Then San Martin induced the Chileans to gather a fleet, without which successful Invasion of Peru could not be made. Lord Cochrane, a British nobleman with a dis tinguished naval record, accepted command of the fleet and hoisted his flag on the O'HIggins Decem ber 22, 1818. All the ships were commanded by British officers; the one exception was. Captain Worster, an American. After several cruises and some minor fighting the fleet returned to Val paraiso in December, 1819. By this time General de San Martin was nearly ready to embark, having obtained aid from the foreign merchants of Buenos Aires. In August of 1820 he had at Valparaiso a orce of 4,500 five Infantry battalions and two regiments of cavalry. . August 21 General de San Martin's expedition sailed from Valparaiso, Lord Cochrane in command of the fleet. September 7 the troops landed in Par accas bay. After a successful expedition to the interior, San Martin re-embarked and, established headquarters to the north of Lima. Sah Martin had wisely chosen his headquarters as near the capital as possible. On December 3, 1820, an entire Spanish battalion, 650 strong, con sisting chiefly of Colombians, went over to the pa triots and, shortly afterwards, 38 Peruvian officers and a number pf cadets arrived from Lima. San Martin's line now extended from the sea to Say an, a distance of about 20 miles; the Spanish-army, under Pezuela, occupying a position about 6 miles north of Lima. Early in 1821 discontent ' arose among the officers In the Spanish army, and on the 29th of January, an insubordinate letter signed by all of the generals was addressed to the vlce- roy, calling upon him to resign and to deliver his command to Gen. Jose de la Serna. Pezuela had no alternative but to obey, says the Bulletin of the Pan-American Union. Immediately after the deposition of the viceroy Snn Martin raised the first battalion of Peruvians. Regardless of the irregularity, de la Serna was de clared viceroy, being eventually recognized by the Spanish government, and an emissary arrived from Spain to ascertain the demands of the patri ots and arrange a compromise. San Martin, de claring an armistice of 20 days, proposed as a basis of peace, recognition of the Independence of the country, the establishment of a provisional con stitution until the election of a congress and the ascension of a Bourbon prince to the throne of Peru. The new viceroy assented, but his generals insisted upon the rejection o these proposals. The negotiations were discontinued In May. Soon after this the royalists found it necesssary to evacuate the coast, being without ships and cut off from ail means of communication. The royalist general, Canterac, marched Into the In terior In June, while the viceroy, having garrisoned and provisioned Callao castle (which in September surrendered to the Protector) left Lima, July 6. On the night of July 9, Gen. San Martin entered the capital of Peru, and on July 28, 1821, the in dependence of Peru was proclaimed, San Martin being unanimously acclaimed Protector. This of fice he held until the establishment of the Peruvl- IN THE SHOP. "Ah," said Mr. Goldfish, "we add to the beauty of this shop. Some of our family have been put in the win dow which looks out upon the street so that when people pass by they can see the beautiful members of the Gold fish family. "Of course, I do not mean that they are in the window without any water. They are in bowls of water swimming about. And there are weeds and peb bles in the bowls of water too, so that the Goldfish family will feel at home. "Goldfish would not feel at home in the window unless there were some water for them, for Goldfish like wa tery homes. "And here we are, ready to be sold, and to be taken home; to add to the beauty of people's homes." "We're here, too," said Mr. Turtle. "And some of our family are in the window, too, along with some of your family, Mr. Goldfish, to add to the beauty and interest of the window. "We're all showing how attractive a home is with some Goldfish and Turtles in it. "The shop is showing off some of Its fine summer furniture and beauti ful summer curtains, but to make the window look really beautiful they had to add to the beauty by having us." "Yes." said Mr. Goldfish," and we're swimming around this tank here to A new postal regulation makes it possible for mothers to brin? their babies down when the parcel post man calls and have them weighed on the scale which is part of the equipment of th wagon. In Oakland, CaL, the scheme .has already been placed in practice, and the mothers eagerly bring their babes and place them ou the scales. an congress In September, 1822, whereupon he re signed all authority into the hands of the people and withdrew to private life. After a short period of government by a committee of three, the con gress on the 28th of February, 1823, elected Don Jose de la Riva Aguero first president of I'eru. He displayed great energy in facing tlie difficul ties of a turbulent situation, but was unsuccess ful. The aid of the Colombians under Simon Bol ivar was sought and Kiv Aguero was deposed. Bolivar arrived at Lima on the 1st of September, 3S23, wiere he began to organize an army to at tack the Spanish viceroy. Who was still in the in terior. On the 6th of August, 1824, the cavalry action of Junin was fought with the Spanish forces ,under the command of General Cunteruc, near tlit shores of Lake Chincay-cocha. It was won by a gallant charge of the Peruvians at the critical moment under Captain Suarez. Soon afterwards Bolivar left the army to proceed to the coast, the final battle of Ayacucho (Dec. 9, 1824) being fought by his second in command. General Sucre, in which the viceroy and all his officers were taken prisoners, and Spanish power in I'eru caiue to an end. 11 , There is no more romantic career than that of IiOrd Cochrane, tenth earl of Dundonald, whose statues occupy places of honor in many of the jeat cities of Soufti America because of his services 1 in securing the national independence of several states. It was his dying boast that he had held flag rank In no less than six navies. He was the son of a penniless Scotch peer and won honors and promotion in the British navy for oaring exploits. Elected to parliament, he' at tacked the abuses prevalent In the British navy, thereby making enemies galore In high places. In 1814 his uncle, Cochrane Johnstone, M. P was implicated In a conspiracy to swindle the London slock exchange by spreading premature announce ment of the defeat of Napoleon. His enemies contrived to Implicate Lord Cochrane in the affair. He was convicted, expelled from the house of com mons, dismissed from the navy, deprived of the Order of the Bath and imprisoned for a year. i Immediately upon his release he was elected member of parliament for Westminster. Neverthe less, he was so disgusted with his treatment that he sought service in South America. Then he won j such glory that William IV, upon coining to the throne, granted him full pardon for an offense which he probably never committed and restored him to the navy with the rank of vice admiral. Queen Victoria gave him the highest grade in the Order of the Bath and put him in command of the British naval forces on the West Jndiau sta tion. There he died in 1S00. His admiring coun trymen lad his body to rest in Westminster. A bust of Hipolito Unanue (1775-1833), the gift of Peru to the Pan American Union in commemor ation of this centenary was unveiled recently in Washington by the Peruvian ambassador, Senor Don Frederlco Alfonso de Pezet, in the presence of a distinguished company. The ambassador de livered an address eulogizing .Unanue as the "Father of His Country." Unanue was born in Peru and was educated in theology. He took up medicine and achieved fame along scientific lines. In 1811 he founded the San Fernando school of medicine. He Joined San Martin and later worked with Bolivar. This is the epitaph on his tomb In Lima: ' "Here lie the ashes of Dr. Hipolito Unanue, pro tophysiclan in chief, founder .of the college of med icine under the former regime; in the new order Minister of Finance. President of the First Legist latlve Congress; Minister and President of the Council of Ministers. Well deserving of his coun try In the highest degree. Renowned for his learn ing, his works, and his eloquence. He died in his seventy-eighth year, on the 15th of July, 1833." Upon the discovery of the Western Hemisphere Spain and Portugal forthwith divided it between themselves. Once Spain owned from Chile to the Canadian boundary line. Her colonial policy was: Everything for Spain; nothing for the colonies. When the United States lowered the yellow and .red (lag in Cuba Spain lost its last foothold on the Western Hemisphere. TELLS GOOD JOKE ON HIMSELF Author Admits Admirer Credited Him With Work to Which He Certainly Never Laid Claim. Koberf W. Chambers, the noted novelist, told at the Country ciub In New York a story at hlf own expense: "I was staying in New Bedford," he said, "and one day on the wharves I met an old nlkr who asked me to b aUwd t tin it hands with me. " Tve read all your books, sir,' said the bronzed old salt. 'Put It there. And he shook my hand 'heartily. 'This Is a great honor, sir. "But after the handshaking was ov er the salt went on to say that he thought I'd written a lot of stuff that was unworthy of my talent. "'Yes, sir,' he said. 'If you was to ask for my honest out-and-out opin ion, I'd say that you've only written one work what really expresses your genius. Ah, it's a grand hook, that. I can't Just recall the name of It at the moment.' "Was. it "The King in Yellow?" said I. 'No? "The Fighting Chance," perhaps, Or " 'Ah, I remember the name now, sir,' said the old salt. "A grand work. A work of genius. Why don't you give us wore of the same kind? "Uncle Tom's Cabin" that's the one book you'll be remembered by. sir.' " Wandering Gems. I have observed that butterflies very broad-winged and magnificent butterflies! frequently come on board of the salt-ship, where I am at work. What have these bright strangers to do on Long wharf, where there are no flowers nor any green thing noth ing but brick storehouses, stone piers. black ships, and the bustle of toil some men, who neither look up to the blue sky, nor take note of these wnnderinf of the air? Haw thorne. WORLD HAS CHANGED BUT LITTLE Marked Similarity in Certain News paper Advertising Today and That of Many Years Ago. ' s Newspaper advertising of 160 years a'jo differed greatly In form from that f todav, but the difference In sub stance and Intent was rather small. In the columns "of the New Tork Mer cury of that period one finds the fol lowing articles offered for sale and extolled for their particular qualities: "Godfrey's General Cordial," which was the opiated soothing syrup used In that day for peevish, teething babies; the "Princely Beautifying Lo tion," by use of which the ladies "made up" for the street ; "'furling-' ton's Original Balsam of Life," which must have been disappointing since all the asers are now dead; "Dr. Ryan's Incomparable Worm 'Destroying Su gar Plumbs," "White Drops for the Scurvy," "Red Pills," "Sweating Pow der," "Dr. Radciiffe's Only True Speci fic Tincture for the Toothache," "Essence,-of Balm of Gilead," "Potter's Water, for the Safe, Easy and Specific Cure for the Stone and Gravel," "Key ser's Pills," "Golden Tincture for Hys terical Diseases," "Genuine Harlaem Oyl" by the bottle, "Levlne's Well Known Eyewater," "Bloom of Clrcas sla" for off-color complexions, "Lady Molyneux's Italian Paste," "Best Corn Plasters and Lip Salve," "Venetian Paste for Enameling the Hands, Neck and race." The bottle of Stoughton Bitters by wnicn old topers nsed to eive an nddl tional tang to their nins of whisk stood behind every public bar up to about 50 years ago. Long after Its use had been abandoned it persisted until "standing like a Stouzhton hot tie" became the common expression for Immobility. False teeth of sycamore wood were used by the ancient Greeks. "May I Sit Here?" show the people who come into the shop what a fine shop it is and how much the shop people care about hav ing their shop look handsome. "It Is greatly improved by' having us about." , "I've heard," said Mr. Turtle, "that we make etple enjoy coming here. For when they get tired of looking at yards and yards of ribbons and laces and lots and lots of dresses and hats they can look at us and feel rested." "Surely we must make them feel rested." said Mr. Goldfish, "for we swim about so slowly and show that there is no sense iu hurrjHng all the time. "We tell them that rest is a most important thing, and taking things easily is another important thing. "Of course we don't tell them that by talking to them, but we show them what we think by the way we have of acting. "vv'e shake a fin at them and we try to say: " ' Don't hurry and don't get all tired out. THe Goldfish family never does that, and see how gay and bright and pretty are the Goldfish family.' "I don't suppose, though," said the Turtle, that all creatures would care to be beautiful just as Goldfish are. They wouldn't care for fins and for glassy eyes and for fancy tails as members of your family do. "But then, of course, all the world can't be made up of ' Goldfish and Turtles though I can Imagine that nothing could be lovelier than a world of Goldfish and of Turtles, especially of Turtles." "Especially of Goldfish," said Mr. Goldfish. "I've heard," said Mr. Turtle, "that they have some of our families in the children's shops because they know that the children will want to come and get their clothes and shoes in a shop where they have such interesting crea tures as Goldfish and Turtles." "And," said Mr. Goldfish, splashing a bit, "I've heard of a shop where they say they have everything one can want, even to Goldfish and Lawn Mowers." . "What are lawn mowers for?" asked Mr. Turtle. "I asked the fish who told me he had heard this piece of news if he knew what they were and lie said they were things which cut the lawns. And lawns are made of grass. "Of course they have nothing to do with the water and they have nothing to do with the Goldfish family. For they don't have water mowers or any thing foolish like that. "But it shows that people had come to the shop and had asked for Gold fish and so the shop had sent out word that they had Goldfish too. "I'm glad to hear a piece of news like that, for it shows that people have a lot of sense when they want Goldfish in their homes. "It makes me think better of eople, mucli better of them." ended Mr. Gold fish as he shook a tin at Mr. Turtle. Congressmen May Have to Punch the Time Clock 'if v 1 jk4bdWi 1-- ft4L A i f St '4 Truant congressmen may soon be punching a time clock, if Representative Kissel of New York, succeeds in ob taining passage of his bill introduced recently, providing for the payment of salaries to members of congress on an attendance basis. Mr. Kissel is shown on the steps of the capitol demonstrating the time clock to fellow members of the house. SMALLEST OF HOUSES New Way of Testing .Gold .. ! Tyy ram?mim' Ny ' " - . tgsf. I , "', l ' -11-' ' 1 -r , l.J3i& This is No. 10 Hyde Park place, Bayswater road, England. It Is the smallest house In London, and is also believed to be the smallest house in the world. It Is no larger than a big packing box. - HOW TO KEEP YOUR HAT him -h-m .rti tr- This machine has been perfected by the bureau of standards at vvasnmg ton to provide a spectrogcoplc analysis of gold which will measure the fine ness of the metal more "accurately than one part In a million. The method consists of small electric sparks leaping between two sticks xt gold, photo graphs of the sparks taken through a diffraction grating showing at once the presence of the smallest particles of baser metals. Crossed Ocean in Small Yacht Something. He I've an awful cold in my head. She Well, that's something. Applied Science. Two little kids were in swimming. One thrashed about wildly, but made little progress. "Hey, Jimmie," shouted the other, "keep yer fingers together when ye're swinimin. Ye wouldn't eat soup wit' a folk, would ye?" Life. On Its Way. "And what is an egg?" asked the mis. sionary who was testing his hopeful pupil's knowledge of English. "An egg," said the boy, "is a chick en not yet." ' No more lost huts. A bright young man In the Wall street section of New 'York, who had lost several hats, con ceived the Idea of sticking his girl's photo in the crown of his latest pur chase. So far, although he has In cited the gentlemen who take "better hats for bad ones" to get his, they have left It strictly alone. Man. "Man Is hard to understand." "What's the matter now?" "Hell go out In the woods for two weeks and let the mosquitoes have a million free shots at him, and never once complain ; then he'll come home and kick like a steer if one mosquito happens to find his way into the house." Many "Treasure Islands." A large number of islands in vari ous parts of the world have had the reputation of holding buried treasure. Stevenson's "Treasure Island" had no foundation in fnct. but is stated to be the real result of his reading of stories by Defoe, Washington Irving and l'oe, also Johnson's "Lives of Pirates iunl Highwaymen." supple mented by his own experience, on sail- Ling ships. Stevenson himself said that the germ ol tlie story was the map drawn for the wall of his stepson's playroom. The Burly Buccaneers. "Pirates had to tie expert naviga tors." "One would think, so." replied Miss Cayenne. "But judging from the stor ies of buried treasure most of their real work must have been done with a pick and shovel." Never Mind, Al. "Is your wife economizing these days?" "Yes; she's cut our vacation ex penses in half by leaving me at home I" New York Sun. Sad Associations. She (thoughtfully) I wish you A-oulUn't use that expression "launched upon the sea of matrimony." He (anxiously) Why not? She Well, you know what kind of time I always have on a voyage. London Mall. Cast Off. Foggs Mister, I'm in need of some jppropriate clothing. Old clo' dealer What do you mean --appropriate? Foggs-You see I'm a cast-off son. Mai i in I mwMwifin iimiiit .wim i .....iaaMiMMMMMiwaawaaSi Commander Burnham and three other amateur yachtsmen recently arrived at Burnham on the Crouch, England, on the 13-ton yacht Nelth, having accom plished the trip from Halifax, N. S., in 21 days. Mr. Burnham is commodore of the Crouch Yacht club. MUCH IN LITTLE The use of splints for repairing broken limbs was known to the pre historic denizens of Arizona. For the first time in its long history the Dundee Royal infirmary, in Scot land, has women alone as house physi cians anil surgeons. Color blindness, hearing, the sense of touch and other perceptions in Individuals can be measured by ' a newly designed apparatus. Young women in Eureka. Cal.. may whistle on the streets without being guilty of disturbing 'the peace, ac cording to the- recent decision of a police judge of that dry. The first woman to pass the final ex amination for the English bur is a twenty-ihree-year-old-girl of Hull. She cannot be railed to the bar, however, until she has put In 12 terms, which will not he till next year. The rice acreage estimate of India for the present season Is 11 per cent below the final estimate for last year's crop. The invention of a Bohemian engi neer is a farm implement featured by a number of revolving rakes that pick stones from soil and deposit them in a receptacle. The only "woman roadbullder !n New England is Miss Eva H. Cressy of Gloucester, Mass., who took , over the contracting business organized by her father. Incorporated it and estab lished headquarters in Boston. The owl parrot of the South Pacific Islands rarely files. One of the first schools for girls in Japan was opened by an American woman In Yokohama In 1871. So Tight Is a new rubber-coated bal loon fabric that three thicknesses of It weigh less than five ounces to the square yard. In some parts of Mexico the wild hogs, savage beasts in their natural state, are domesticated and trained to serve as watchdogs. Only two mines, both in Colorado, produced tungsten in the United Slates last year and the total produc tion was the smallest for any yea since 1002. One curious point which is shown in insurance tables is that those or ganic diseases which are so frequei-t in middle life develop at a perioi from five to ten years later than they did SO years ago. The best Persian rugs represent pa tience, taste and prolonged labor. On each square foot of surface a weaver works about 23 days. A rug 12 by 12 would therefore require the labor of one man more than ten years, working six days a week. The farthing is an old English coin, coined In silver first by King John. The Irish farthing of his reign bears the date of 1210 and it Is valuable be cause It Is so rare. Copper tarthlngs were coined first by Charles n In 165 and again In 1722; half farthings were coined first by Victoria In 1S43.