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"PAGE TWO Corrections Based on Mathe matical and Astronomical Calculation Bluffton Merchants and Dealers Distribute Hundreds of Calendars Earth’s To Present Calendar Based On Reforms Made By Roman Ruler Julius Caesar With merchants and dealers here distributing hundreds of calendars to the citizens of the community, very few people are aware of the intense amount of effort over many years time, expended in the perfection this commonly accepted standard measurements. of of of Every Protestant and Roman Ca tholic nation now accepts what is known as the Gregorian calendar. Japan just recently followed suit but there are some countries still using other types of calendars. The Greek church and the Soviet union adhere to the Julian calendar. The Jews, Mohammedans and Chin ese each have a different calendar. Rotation how the calendar necessary to have understand to be it is astronomical and geographical came some facts, the earth revolves on its own axis, giving us periods of light and dark ness, and also travels around the sun, giving us the seasons of the year. It is common knowledge that From the earliest times men have made use of both these series of changes as a means of reckoning time, and had there been a simple numerical relation between them there never would have been any difficulty in preparing the calendar. Unfortunately the number of revo lutions which the earth makes when it goes once around the sun instead of being a tion. The sun in 365 utes and, guesses were made as to the proper length of the year, and calendars were drawn up in accordance with them. whole number is a frac earth goes around the days, five hours, 48 min 46 seconds. At first Changes of The Moon primeval system of reckoning was based on the moon’s time changes, as is shown in our word “month”. By the ruling of the moon, months were reckoned with either 29 or 30 days. Soon the recurrence of the seasons suggested the year. The biggest difficulty seemed to be in fitting the right number of days in to a month and the right number of months into a year. Conditions were quite confused when Julius Caesar took office in Rome. Having dictatorial powers he undertook a permanent reform of the calendar. He consulted with Soi- genes, an Egyptian astronomer. Bas ing his calculations on a year of 365 days he found that his calendar was not taking into consideration the loss of a quarter of a day each year. So he put in an extra day every fourth year which today is known as Leap year. Gregorian Reforms Even so there was an error of 11 minutes which seems to be a very small difference but after several hundred years it amounted to ten days, so that the lunar year was now too long. In 1582 Pope Gregory ordered that ten days should be left out in that year. In order to pre vent this mistake from occurring again it was arranged that in the years ending in 00 such as 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000 there should not be leap years if they occur on the fourth year. Pope Gregory’s correction gives an average year 26 seconds longer than the true year. These odd seconds will amount to a whole day in 3323 years and it has been proposed to allow for this error by providing that the year 4000 and all its multi ples shall be common years. Geologists have been pointing out that in time the friction of the tides will retard the rotation of the earth which ultimately will make further adjustments necessary. But in the meantime people in Bluffton can be assured that in their life spans the Gregorian calendar in its present form will remain sufficiently accu rate for all general purposes. 35 Per Cent Cut In Gasoline FREE SATURDAY, JANUARY 10th DIARY MOTORISTS ibrilliani bronze POLYMERIZED. LEADED! REGULAR or ETHYL GASOLENE FOR THOSE WHO WANT THE BEST SAVE eqw:rrice HIGH QUALITY BRILLIANT BRONZE STATIONS BRILLIANT BRONZE SERVICE STATION South Main Street & Bentley Road, Bluffton, Ohio Phone 455-Y for Tank Truck deliveries. Third Grade (CHEAP) Gasolene is NOT sold at— BRILLIANT BRONZE STATIONS Use Civilian gasoline consumption in the United States for 1942 is expect ed to be reduced by as much as 35 per cent because of restrictions mak ing it impossible for the ordinary motorist to obtain new tires or in ner tubes for his car, or to purchase a new vehicle. Petroleum experts believe the reg ulations will result in limited use of automobiles in order to preserve the present rubber, and gasoline con sumption accordingly will be sharply reduced. The rubber conservation program likely will cut gasoline consumption to such an extent that rationing of motor fuel may not be needed, in the event war effort ties up extensive transportation facilities distribute 7,200,000,000 gasoline annually in the required gallons country. EXPENSE AND Blue cover, imprinted in silver—daily expense space for a whole year. Keep accurate account for income tax purposes. Given away with the purchase of six gallons of either— to of Taxes on Ohio farm land per $100 of valuation averaged 70 cents in the decade 1910-19, they averaged $1.50 in the decade 1929-29, and the average was $1.39 in the ten years 1930-39. BOOK Violinist Robert Elliott, bril!'ant 20-year-old American born violinist, who will ap pear as the second num’'er of the Bluffton college concert series to be held at the college chapel Thursday night at 8:30 o’clock. Undergrads Sought By Army And Navy Plans to enlist under-graduate col lege students for service following graduation have been announced by the Army and the Navy. Both service branches are planning to enlist men course while the enroll men for month program, a requirement. taking a medical navy is striving to its 2,500 pilots-a College training is enrolling college The navy is sophomores, juniors and seniors and will pay their transportation from any recruiting station to the nearest cadet selection board. Allen county men probably will be sent to Detroit. Under the rules, college sopho mores will be enlisted by the cadet selection board providing they have every reasonable expectation pleting a two-year college ment for naval aviation, lowing enlistment, they fail plete the prescribed educational re quirement, they will be transferred to another class in the naval reserve. of com require- If, fol to com- Candidates for pilot training are chosen from applicants between the ages of 20 and 27 years, who are unmarried and in good health. They must complete two years of college work before starting the 10-month pilot training program. Upon com pletion of training, aviation cadets are commissioned ensigns in naval reserve. valuable pres boards in the entitled “The This booklet, prepared by the War department, is designed to assist the selectee in adapting himself to mili tary life. National selective service head quarters is sending supplies of the booklet to all state headquarters for distribution by local boards to their selectees. Six inches by nine inches in di mensions, with an attractive cover showing America’s soldiers on the march, the booklet contains only 14 pages, but in it is packed a wealth of information for the “rookie” soldier, as the subtitles indicate. They are: “In the American Spirit” “What the Army Expects of You and What the Army Offers You” “Teamwork Is Essential” “Military Courtesy” “Your Health and Equipment Must Be Well Cared For” “Good Food— and Plenty of It” “The Chaplain Is the Friend of Every Soldier” “Promotion Rewards Duty Well Done” “The Induction Station” “The cation ily Is Kept Informed of Your Prog ress” Center”. Reception Center” “Classifi and Assignment” “Your Fam- “The Replacemeent Training Mt. Cory Man Retires After Long Service After completing a quarter-century of service as clerk and manager of the board of public affairs of Mt. Cory, E. H. Smith retired from that position the first of the year. News of his regisnation brought forth expressions of regret from Mt. Cory residents, who voiced apprecia tion of his long term of faithful service. High Quality West Virginia COAL LUMP EGG STOKER See me before placing your order. R. E. Trippiehorn Phone 161-W THE BLUFFTON NEWS, BLUFFTON, OHIO the Draftees To Get Booklet On Army Allen county registrants selected for inductions into the army in the future will receive a ent from their local form of a booklet Army and You”. Commemorating the anniversary of three different occasions when Christ manifested his glory, the Epiphany, the 12th day after Christmas, is cel ebrated by various religious bodies in this country on Tuesday. The observance in England is known as Twelfth Night. The three different occasions when a special manifestation of the glory of Christ appeared were: (1) in his adoration in the manger by the three Wise Men from the East, or Magi (2) in his baptism, when a voice from heaven proclaimed him the Son of God (3) in the marriage at Cana, when he began his miracles by changing water into wine. Eastern Origin The word Epiphany, being Greek, established the fact that this festival is of Eastern origin, and in the Greek church it has always been held the most important next to Easter. The first mention of it oc curs in the year 200 in the writings of Clement of Alexandria. In Italy and in Russia children celebrate the arrival of the equiva lent of our Santa Claus on the Epiphany and on Tuesday night mil- Although carolers made their rounds as usual and customary ob servances of the new year were held, there was a mingling of emotions on midnight Thursday as the clocks an nounced to the residents of Bluffton and community that the old year of 1941 was replaced by the new year of 1942. Through all of the gaiety, singing and celebrations there was an under tone of seriousness born of tensity— the nervous reaction of the man who would hide his real emotion under a mask of forced merriment. Parties and entertainments of var ious kinds were reported some marked by boisterous laughter and others by quiet waiting. Still other groups marked the observance with their heads bowed in prayer. No doubt this was a sincere wish Reflecting the general prosperity of the community in the year 1941, money order business has increased better than 35 per cent during the past year, it was announced the first of the week by postal officials Reason for this was due likely to the continued expansion of Bluffton’s industrial and business programs during the past 12 months and the easy accessibility of the year-old post office building, it was stated. Being located on the much travel led Dixie highway, some of the in creased portion of money order busi ness has come from transients. Many truck drivers on routes thru town stop at the post office regularly with money orders to send. Professions Although War Injects Serious Note In New Year’s Celebrations In Bluffton Bluffton residents in many parts of the community greeted friends with a shout of “Happy New Year!” at parties, in churches, in homes, on the streets. Money Order Business At Post ^Office One-third More In 1941 Increased Cancellations Also reflecting the growing pros perity of the community is the in creased number of postal cancella tions during the Christmas season over the figures of 1940. Final checkup has shown 3,741 cancella tions more than 1940 the figure of 46,328 from December 16 to 25 in clusive, it was pointed out by Post master Ed. R. Reichenbach. Comparative figures for stamp sales during the month of December are as follows: 1% cent stamps, 40,400 in 1940 and 45,100 in 1941 2 cent stamps, 34,000 in 1940 and 26,000 in 1941 3 cent stamps, 26, 200 in 1940 and 21,400 in 1941. The figure of 45,100 stamps of the 1% cent denomination sold during December constitutes a new local record, it was stated by Ralph Stearns, assistant postmaster. This means that more greeting cards were sent out than ever before, it was pointed out. Defense Bonds the rush of seasonal busi the post office came the sale With ness at of defense bonds and stamps which caused an unusual accumulation of activity. Since the United States has entered the war the sale of de fense bonds and stampc has in creased better than 300 per cent, it was stated. Receipts from the sale, of stamps during the past year by quarters was as follows: 1st quarter, $7, 232.63 2nd quarter, $7,209.54 3rd quarter, $5,954.22 4th quarter, $6, 916.82, making a total of $27,313.31. The past year started out with every prospect of a record breaking total amount of business in prospect but with defense work starting at local manufacturing plants during the past quarter a slight decrease of $84.70 was shown in the 1941 total as compared with the 1940 volume of business. Especially noticeable was the al- Religious Bodies Observe Epiphany Handling Of Birth Certificates Tuesday In Sacred Commemoration Is Big Job For Probate Court lions of children in these countries! During the past year, 5,800 re hung their clothes with empty pock I quests for birth certificates were ets around the hearth. If they have! handled by the Allen county pro been good, their Santa fids the pttk I bate cmirt. th* issuance of such ets with confectionery and othet papH became a "major matter in presents and if they have been badlcoint pivdui they get charcoal and birch .i I 1'ropcr forms sent to applicants to but underneath it all was the grim reality of a modern war with de termined adversaries as enemies and the realization that the country facing one of the greatest crises history. Lima Mission Has Busy Year In 1941 Clothing also is distributed to the! needy by the mission, food is sent! to homes of indigent, and religious! services include church meetings and! Bible schools for children and adults. I Supt. Welty is a former resident! of the Settlement, west of Bluffton.! The number of poultry kept on the farms decreased in 82 Ohio counties during the decade 1930-39. The six counties in which there was an in crease are Scioto, Holmes, Wayne, Summit, Cuyahoga, and Trumbull. Largest percentages of decrease oc curred in Wood, Pickaway, Erie, Lick ing, Sandusky, Ottawa, Greene, and Clinton counties. ^June. in Station WLOK Every Wednesday at 7 p. m. "Fun With Music" featuring SIGMUND SPAETH The Tune Detective Sponsored by lender’s Music Store Everything in Music 302 N. Main St. Lima, Ohio I be ftlbsl out W*t* completed by In France, Belgium and Holland! than 2,000 of those who had processions of children tramp thru! application. the streets bearing a large paper! Prior to 1908, birth records star illuminated from within by al compiled by assessors for each dis candle. On the eve of the Epiphany! trict who made calls to each home in Spain the children leave their! in the area ho covered to obtain per shoes and boots out in some conven-1 sonal property returns. At the same ient spot near the chimney and in time the assessors listed any child the morning they find with gifts. them laden! ren who had been born in the in I terim. memory of! All such records were made in games and| longhand and consequently the writ- England observes the the Magi’s offerings by celebrations. The British sovereign I ing was not legible, makes gifts of gold, frankincense) court books in which records are and myrrh St. James. in the Chapel Royal at I written for that period. I Data in many cases is incomplete, the celebration is not as I and in some instances males are this country as in the| listed as females and vice versa. common in continent of Europe, an examination! Judge Raymond P. Smith said also of many of the calendars being dis-1 that much of the early spelling was tributed here show the date of Jan-1 phonetic, and he cited an instance uary 6 to be marked as the Epi-| phany, which numerous religious groups continue to observe. Mothers murmured prayers for the 80n. not livinK with husband or wife, safety of their sons who are getting and havin« a ^ross income of $750 ready to face the guns of the coun- or ««»l “d married persons living try’s enemies. Evening conversations I with husband or wife, who have an time after time drifted to matters aK«regate gross income of $1,500 or of war and of the contrasting phil-1 more* osophies of the democracies and When Must Retu^s Be Filed? totalitarian regimes. For the calendar year 1941, on or A new note of patriotism was in-1 ^e^ore March 16, 1942. For the fis jected into the celebrations this year| ca^ Year» on or before the 15th day by the war. Radio music played as of the third month Allowing the the midnight bells tolled was largely I c^ose °f ^he fiscal year. patriotic which helped create a sensei Where more made were Neithcr arc the What You Should Know About the Income Tax Editor’s Note: Presented this week is the first of a series of articles relative to the federal income tax which this year will effect many more persons than ever before. The articles are from the Federal Bureau, of in ternal revenue and published by of the Bluffton News as a public service. is in A certain seriousness and lack usual revelry was apparent at most gatherings and especially those where. sons or brothers of those present! Who Must File A Return? Every were in the armed forces of Uncle sin^le Person havin* a *ross incom« Sam’s army of $750 or moreJ every married per- and with of loyalty and devotion to the ideals! Income Tax Returns Be Filed? In of the founders of the country. the internal revenue district in which the person lives or has his chief place of business, and with the col lector of internal revenue. most complete cessation of the mail-Ith6 incomc blanks’ Form 1040 Ing of circulars by plants engaged and Form 1040A oPtional simpli in defense production. This was|®e^d form) augmented by the loss of the book I What Is With adjustments to normal rou-1 pendents, interest on obligations of tine being made following the con-1 the United States and its instru clusion of the unusually busy holiday I mentalities and earned income credit) season just passed, regular schedules! in the computation of the normal tax of delivery and work are again be-| net income and a graduated surtax ing maintained. I on the amount of net income in ex- A busy year of service was ren-| dered during 1941 by the Lima City I Mission, according to reports re-1 leased last week by Adam D. Welty,! superintendent and founder of the! institution. I Free meals numbering 14,714 were I provided during the year, and 4,5221 transients received free overnight! lodging. In the month of December,! 1,076 meals were served and 2811 were lodged overnight. I Whom Must How Does One Make Out His Income Tax Return? By following the detailed instructions given on the parcel post business caused when the I al tax of 4 per cent on the amount College Book Exchange moved its I of the net income in excess of the offices from Bluffton to Toledo dur-1 allowable credits against net income ing the latter part df November. I (personal exemption, credits for de- Tax Rate? A norm We’re speaking WWW*' THURSDAY, JAN. 8, 1942 in which Horace was spelled “Hor rass”. Beginning in 1909, a new state law required doctors or midwives who de livered babies to report the births to the officials in designated districts, such as municipalities and townships. From the local district records in turn were transmitted to the pro bate court. Many doctors and midwives did not approve of the requirement, and consequently records from 1908 to 1920 are incomplete. After 1920, however, penalties were imposed by law for failure of the doctor or midwife to report the births, and records since that time are complete. Possession of gan to assume persons when Europe in 1939. birth certificates be importance to many the war started in Corrections and new registrations also are handled by the probate court, with standard fees set by the state legislature as follows for the service: Corrections, $2 registra tions, $3. cess of the allowable credits (per sonal exemption and credit for pendents) against net income in computation of the surtax net come. de the in Mt. Cory Man Is In Marine Corps Wendell P. Wagner, son of Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Wagner, of Mt. Cory Route 1, has enlisted in the U. S. Marine Corps, it was announced last week by the Lima recruiting office. He has been sent to Cleveland for final physical examinations, and if he successfully passes he will be transferred to the Marine barracks, Parris Island, South Carolina, for basic training. luff ton Man Is Naval Air Cadet Harold Ray Wilson, son of Mr. and Mrs. George B. Wilson, of Bluff ton Rural Route 2, has entered the U. S. Naval Air Station at Corpus Christi, Texas, as a flying cadet. Prior to his enlistment, Wilson served as a construction engineer for Charles C. Danner in Lima. He re ceived R. O. T. C. military exper ience at Purdue university. Lime makes legumes, legumes make milk, milk makes health, health makes happiness. FARM BUREAU INSURANCE Automobile—Fire—Life Consider these advantages: Farm Bureau Insurance provides full protection at reasonable rates and the best possible service to policyholders. Farm Bureau Insurance Services Paul E. Whitmer, Agent 245 ARMSTRONG’S QUAKER FLOOR COVERING is the answer to the problem of the woman who is trying to stretch the family budget to include the doing-over of her floors this spring. GOOD NEWS in these days of rising prices Armstrong’s Quaker Floor Covering is not ex pensive and it’s easy to keep clean and really wears and wears. AH, BEAUTIFUL you’ll say so too over 200 smart, colorful patterns to choose from de signed by expert interior decorators to harmonize with room furnishings of any style. YOU’RE INVITED ... to see this unusual display at our store—today. AND REMEMBER Armstrong’s Inlaid LINO FLOR costs less in the long run. Ask us for estimates of LINOFLOR on your floors. Basinger’s Furniture Store W. Grove St.—Phone 350-W Bluffton, Ohio to a perplexed lady 1