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USE SILK PARASOL
TAR
ASTRONOMERS SUGGEST NOVEL
WAY TO STUDY THECON.
' STELLATIONS
Stars are Embroidered on Umbrellas
of Ulna Hues.
Geographers li.avo struggled long
with tho problem of mapping tho
spherical earth on a flat surface, with
tho result that the public has ac
quired a most distorted Impression of
rolatlve geographical positions. It
Is now admitted that tho earth can
not bo studied properly without a
globe. In tho same way efforts have
been made to depict tho heavens upon
a flat map, with the result that many
of the constellations are so distorted
as to bo- positively unrecognizable.
Somo time ago a wrltor In the Scien
tific American susrccstod that a com
mon umbrella might serve as a celes
tial globe, or at least half a globe, by
having tho stars painted on it In their
proper relative positions.
This would provide a very handy
star map, which could be carried to
tho point of observation In folded po
sition and then opened out to semi
spherical form representing the ap
parent form of the heavens. By point
ing the umbrella stick at the north
atar, tho umbrella could be readily
moved to a position corresponding
with the heavens at tho particular
time, and then It would be a simple
matter to pick out tho various con
stellations. The Idea has been further Improved
upon by O. F. Iiarcus of Shanghai,
China. A datk blue slllc parasol Is
tisod, and on it the stars are either
painted or cinliinldered. Each para
sol represents one half of the celestial
sphere, and by using two a map of the
entire heavens ! obtained. For the
jiurposo of teaching astronomy to
school children the parasol may be
jet In a table. The plane of the ob
server's horizon!1- lepresented by the
tablo top, which has an opening cut
in It, through which part of the para
sol projects. The umbrella stick is
jiole of the heavens, and makes an
tingle with the surface of the table
equal to the latitude of the place.
By means of clockwork the parasol
Js. revolved at the same speed as the
apparent revolution of the heavens,
and a small Imago of the sun placed
in Its proper position on tho parasol
(as may he found by referring to a
nautical almanac) shows by Its merid
ian the time of day on the dial at the
back of the pa'.-ipol. If tho sun's
Image Is placed accurately the revolv
ing parasol will show Just how far
north or south or the east and west
points the sun r'es and sets during
the year and at what time before sit
. m. and after "It p. m. the sun ap
pears above tho horizon.
For use In the Held to Identify the
constellations It Is preferable to have
tho stars painted on the Inner fare
of the umbrella. The parasol is pro
Tided with a narrow ribbon which
raay be used to determine the posi
tion of any point, the ribbon being
divided into degiees by which declina
tion may be reckoned. Tho ribbon
lb movable about the center stick of
the parasol and Indicates right atcen
ion by hour and minute divisions
narked on the litu of the parasol.
HELGOLAND IS MIGHTY
German Fortress Said to Excel Gi
braltar in Strength.
Helgoland is considered by tho best
military authorities of Europe to be a
more formidable fortress than Gibral
tar. The highland of the island is
cased In thick armor and there are
about 400 guns, a louith of which are
.sixteen or seventeen inch Krupps.
.Most of the guns are disappcaiing
mountings. When they lnrve been fir
ed they sink Into deep pits under steel
cupolas where they icmain until the
Are raised to fire again.
The gunners aie specially skilled
Artillerists and can bring a concentrat
ed the of many guns to bear upon un
point whete a ship may ride. The
place is bald to be piovlsioned for a'
three year biege, making the "back
door of Germany" hecure from any at
tack. Crowds of torpedo boats and
submarines shelteted under the high
land arc in the haibor on the boui.li
side of tho island. Above Is a wins
less station. Many aircraft and Zep
pelins are housed thine. All about
Helgoland aie mine lields which no
enemy's ship would dare undertake
to traverse. Tho possession of this
fortress brings Germany almost 100
miles nearer England titan she would
be without It.
Life Belts Dangerous,
A life belt properly worn will keep
anybody afloat for bonis, swimmer or
no swimmer, In a moderate sea; but,
swimmer or no swimmer, there is no
surer way of' sinking than to wear a
life belt upside down, as scores did to
thir doom on that dread May morn
Ing when tho Lcsitania went down
Muny of the diowntd weie found llo.it
liiS feet upwaul women In paitlc
ular. There weio life bcltB for all,
and when worn rlijht way up the heat'
rested well out of the water on a son
of pillow.
But In repeating 'herself history
has her choice anions a Urea rpr
telr of oMftous stunt.
COULD aHAKESPEARE
EVEN WRITE AT ALL
William Conway Says No, and Offers
Signature as Proof.
The question of who did "write
Shakespeare" does not cencorn
William Conway who has written a
monograph on his Shakespeare theo
ries, so much as "could William
Shakespeare of Stiatford-on-Avon
wrlto at all7"Mr. Conway Is convinc
ed that whoever did write tho plays,
it was not tho Bard of Avon, BOcalled.
Ho bases his belief on evidence pre
sented by certain existing signatures
niudo by William Shakespeare, and
which seem to prove him to have beeu
an Illiterate man.
Mr. Conway admits that, though so
evidently illiterate, Shakespeare pos
sessed native ability, manifested by
his money getting faculties, and adds
tho fact that as a theatrical manager
Shakcspearo secured to himself the
plays that ho did and thus stamped
himself a competent man of business
nnd a Judge of publlo taste. But in
regard to certain deficiencies exhibit
ed by his signature, Mr. Conway, af
ter having made a study of tho char
acteristics of signatures, says:
"Observations of the efforts and
performances of illiterate men in the
laborious production of signatures has
led mo to tho conclusion that here was
a man ashamed of his Inability to
write, made so by his associations
and the rise in hli condition of life,
seeking to cover his intellectual nak
edness with a garment provided by a
sympathizing friend.
"The sympathizing friend in this
Instance floated into the imagination
in the form of some scrivener who
set the copy so laboriously reproduced
in the form of the signatures to the
deed and mortgage of 1G13 and to the
will of 1616."
Mr. Conway refersto the original
documents unearthed by Professor
Wallace In 1910, and his theory Is that
the solicitor who drew up the papers
of tho mortgage and of the will is tho
man who made fop Shakespeare a copy
of his name, which the Illiterate
Shakespeare then followed 'In scrawl
lng uncertain Imitation to make the
signatures to the documents. This
saved hlrn from the humiliation of
having to make hU X mark.
A second document put in evidence
by Mr. Conway is a fragment re
lating to litigation In respect to cer
tain money interests in the Globe
Theatre. In this fragment appears, in
two places, the name "Wllm. Shakes
peare," written by the professional
scrivener who prepared the case. Mr.
Conway points out that Shakes
peare's own signature appended Is a
laborious Imitation, performed by a
man who could not read his chirogra
phy when he had written It.
Mr. Conway Is convinced that
this scrivener Is the man who made
tho copy which enabled "Wlllni.
Shakespeare" to ocoute legal papers
without the humiliation of the
"X mark" Tho rule of legal pro
eedure lequlred the evidence to be
written out and sisne'd by the witness
before leaving tho presence of the
court.
"Special attention Is called to this
signature," says Mr. Conway, "as
it Is much abbreviated. The 'Great
Dramatist,' who had at his command,
as evidenced by the putative works, a
wealth of words measuring five times
the number gathered Into the diction
ary of the time, uses but a moiety of
the characters which ho had been
taught to use as the ideograph to rep
lesent his name.
"We are told that he was Instruct
ed to appear later before the court
for a fuither examination; but the
record nowhere bhows that he ever
appeared, although the other wit
nesses appeared a second time. Would
they be considered cynical who might
surmise that the position in which
Shakespeare of Stratford found him
self when called upon to attach his
signature to the record In open court
was one of extreme embarrassment
in that he could not without borne ex
posure of ignorance use his copy to
guide his pen?" N. Y. Sun.
OFFER SPECIAL VEHICLE
Californlans Have f New Wagon to
Carry Machinery.
For transporting machinery of great
weight troni one point to another in
the mining districts of Caliloriiia, a
specially designed ehiele, which is
luted with wheels appioximately ten
loot in diameter and diawn by a
caterpillar Head tiactor, Is used. Ths
wheels aie provided with spokes
which aie set In the same manner as
those ot a bicycle wheel, and are
placed on heavy steel axles highly
aiched in the middle.
The purpose of this arching la to
enable the load to be suspended be
neath the axles instead of being car
lied above them. This materially
lessens the difficulty ot hoisting ma
chinery onto the bed of tho wagon
and also eliminates the danger of the
vehicle being overturned on account
of the load being carried high. Tho
load is suspended by heavy chains.
Popular Mechanics.
New Way to Kill Sparrows.
Bert Watts of Lebanon, Ind., has
dlscoveied a new way to kill English
sparrows, which are generally regard
ed as pests, At his home, Watts has
live mouse traps nailed on top of
fence posts and on 'a grape arbor. lie
puts bread or a little teed of torn
kind on tho traps and U kept busy
taking tho sparrows out la on day
u klllsd soarir 100 at Um Mrda,
NO TRUTH IN' REPORTED ILLNESS
OF HEIR TO THE RUSSIAN THRONE
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THE HEIR TO THE
Reports which have been persistently
to tha Bmsian throne, la seriously ill are
y DON'T !0U
They Are Reaurnteq In Favor With
Spreading Knowledge Tliat Good
Exercise Is Best Health
Insurance.
Campaign Starts to Sell 1,000,000
No less an authority than Dr. Bessie
Lobdell, of Chicago tells us that the
girls of the land are fast developing
what she terms "the slinker slouch"
type.
We do not like this expression but
are sure all will agree that the aver
age girl of today lacks that robust,
sturdy, rosy, full-blooded, health that
comes from exercise in the open air.
Dr. Lobdell and other physicians
say that bicycle riding is an ideal
form of exercise for girls, ideal be
cause it brings all the muscles into
play, stimulates circulation of the
blood, and affords pleasure every mo-
THE CAT CAME BACK
The case of Rusty, a Persian cat
residing at Springfield, Mass., is a
good exemple of the homing instinct
in animals. The family that owned i
Rusty gave him to some friends in
Boston, but he didn't like his new'
home and after n week he was mis
sing. Five months later he appear
ed at his old home in Springfield, hav
ing found his way 100 miles. He was
very thin, ravenously hungry, and his
once beautiful fur was matted and
stuck full of burs. He seemed (' .-'
lighted to be at home again. j
MILLION FOR WIRELESS
St. Louis Star: An appropriation )
of a million dollars is asked of con
gress to acquire the sole rights to
a system of wireless control of tor
pedoes from airships. As a coast de
fense proposition such a method of
using torpedoes would beat sub-marines
badly. But congress has never
encouraged war inventions by paying
inventors anything for them. Even
the famous Monitor was not paid for
when she fought the Merrimac. Per
haps our aroused sense of the need
of defense may work a change.
nil ii ii m
ISf V "V
RUSSIAN THRONE
circulated that tha yoang Tsarrrttca, haft
now denied by the Russian on mrannt.
HIDE A BiGYGLE?
Bicycles in the United States this Year
! ment of the ride. This form of ex
ercise is not only good for girls but
for boys and men.
"Why not establish health, add new
joys to life by riding a wheel?
THE HANDSOME 1916 MODELS
ARE HERE AND WILL BE DIS
PLAYED IN SHOW ROOMS TUES
DAY, FEBRUARY 29 NATIONAL
BICYCLE DAY.
Do you realize there are 4,000,000
boys and girls, men and women in
this country who have found the bi
cycle a help in doing their work?
Think what the bicycle can mean to
you during the delightful spring days.
iA NEW AMERICAN DISCOVERY
Odd Lot Review: Columbus discov
ered America in 1492, America is
discovering herself something like
500 years late. This country is
learning for the first time how com
pletely endowed with resources is the
United Suites. In the beginning, this
country was dependent on supplies
from abroad. We have successively
attained economic and political inde
pendence. Last of all has come the
attainment of our financial indepen
dence. World leadership in all con
structive enterprise now rests with
the United States. Leadership en
tails responsibility. In the next
stage of progress, Americans must
not only work hard but think on
broader lines than ever before.
CANADIAN SOLDIERS
MAY PLANT CROPS
Canadian soldiers in he dominion
will l;o allowed leave to help plant
crops next spring, unaer an order is
sued by Gen. Sir Sam Hughes minis
ter of militia. As there are 50,000
farmers in uniform. Gen. Hughes
expects many men will avail them
selves of the privilege.
RIGHTS OPnTlSlF!ID
American Institute o! international Law Adopts the New
Declaiation.
-o
A Pan-American "Declaration of
the Rights of Nations," prepared by
Secretary Lansing und Dr. , James
Brown Scott nnd adopted in executive
session by the American Institute of
International Law at its recent con
vention held in Washington under the
auspices of the Pan-American Scien
tific Congress, is made public by Dr.
Scott, president of the institute.
Although the declaration lacks the
formal ratification of the twenty-one
American republics, and, therefore,
is not an official document, its fram
ers believe that it correctly sets forth
official views ot the American com
monwealths. Before the institute
was called upon to consider it the dec
laration was submitted to nnd approv
ed by the chief nuthorities on inter- j
national law in the South American '
republics, including Ambassador Su
itress and Dr. Alejandro Alvarez of
Chile. It was unanimously adopted
January 15 by the institute, whose
membership of 105 is made up of five
experts on international law from
each of the twenty-one American re
publics. The declaration, it is said, embodies
the institute's conception of only ele
mental national rights and will be
further considered at the next meet
ing of the institute in Havana next
year. It contains five primary sec
tions which were fashioned with the
United States Declaration of Indepen
dence in mind as a model.
Following is a summary of the dec
laration: USES MAILS TO EXPORT
The recently inaugurated censor
ship by the British government of
first-class mails to and from Germany
has resulted in the discovery that
Germany has been maintaining a con
siderable export trade with neutrals
in such articles as jewelry, chemicals,
laces, pictures and toys, which have
been sent as first-class mail matter
by way of Sweden, Denmark or Hol
land. Packages of this nature inter
cepted by the British have been mark
"samples of no value."
See the Boyce Motometer
and the Kellogg Motor Driv
en Pomps ht the Toledo
Automobile Show.
February 7th to 12th
Displayed by all ACCESSORY DEALERS
EZRA E. KIRK, Distributor
719 Jefferson Ave. Toledo, Ohio
Toledo's Big Cloak and Suit House
offers
Readers of this Paper
Big Mail
A waist value that will make hundred!, of friends for our fast grow
ing Mail Order Waist Department.
MICHAEL J. LEO
223-227 Summit St., TOLEDO, OHIO
Suits, Coats, Dr&sses, Waists, Shirts and Furs
o-
First Every nation has the right
to exist, to protect and to conserve its
existence; but this right neither im
plies the right nor justifies the act ot
the state to protect itself or conserve
its existence by the commission of un
lawful, acts against innocent and unof
fending states.
Second Every nation has the right
to independence in the sense that i
has a right to the pursuit of happi
ness nnd is free to develope itself
without interference or control from
other states, provided that in so do
ing it does not interfere with or vio
late ,the just rights of other states.
Third: Every nation is in law ana
before law the equal of every other
state composing the society of nations
and all states have the right to
claim, and according to the declara
tion of independence of the United
States, to assume, am ng the powerj
of the earth, the si uarate and equal
station to which the laws of naturs
and of nature's God entitle them.
..Fourth Every nation has the righs
to territory within defined boundaries
and to exercise exclusive jurisdiction
over this territory, and all persons
whether native or foreign found
theiein.
Fifth Every nation entitled to a
right by the law of nations is enti
led to have that right respected and
protected by all other nations; for tho
right and duty are co-relatives, and
the right of one is the duty of all to
observe.
One of the British censors shows
to the Associated Press correspondent
articles worth thousands of dollars,
which have been seized.
NEW TERROR OF THE AIR
The new German 200-horse-powee
battleplanes are described as "ter
rors" to the smaller air-craft of the
French and British. Having a speed
stated to be 180 miles and hour, they
can overhaul anything that flies, and
they are provided with armor and
small cannon. . i
pecial
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Beautiful Shirtwaists
Beautiful heavy quality white
China Silk Waists either plain, em
broidered front or all over embroider
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Resularly 2.00 Mail Or- tfj-j 4A
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Elegant, dressy new voile waist,
dakitly trimmed with embroidery and
laces. Made with long sleeves and
dainty turned buck cutis. One of the
prettiest of the new 1916 models.
Sizes :il to 18.
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