Freeland tribune., October 17, 1900, Image 2

About Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921

Image provided by: Penn State University Libraries; University Park, PA

                
MUM TRIBVIE.
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Make all money orders , checks, etc. t pnyible
to the Tribune Printing Company, Limited.
W. T. Stuerl says it will take Civiliza
tion HUG years to subdue the Chinese.
Ex-Premlcr Crispi makes a plea for
a larger Italian navy, saying that It
aly must seek new development in tho
extreme Orient.
The supreme court of Massachusetts
lias declared that a bicycle is a ma
chine, and not a carriage, and that
bicyclists injured from defects in the
public highway cannot recover dam
ages.
Dr. Charles 11. Latimer, of St. Eliza
beth's asylum, Washington, lias been
commissioned by the government to
go to the Philippines to study and re
port upon the effect of the climate of
those islands upon the Occidental
brain.
In addition to elementary instruc
tion in the laws of hygiene as applied
to daily living, every public school j
should give specific Instruction with j
regard to first aid to the injured. I
Moreover, every female school should |
be given an opportunity to learn to rc- j
cognize the effects of a superheated
atmosphere upon young children and
to apply the proper emergency reme
dies.
The novel question whether coun
sel, in an argument to the jury, lias a
right to shed tears has been decided
by the supreme court of Tennessee in
the case of Ferguson vs. Moon, the
court holding that if the Pars lie avail
able it is not only the privilcgo hut the
duty of counsel to shed them on the
appropriate occasion. The weeping
was done in a breach of promise case
by the counsel for the plaintiff.
In accordance with his own wish
the name of the Prince of Wales did |
not appear in the published list of i
those who gave wedding presents to
Lady Randolph Churchill, lest he
should seem to abet a marriage of
which liis judgment disapproved,
hut the prince did not forget liis long
and kind acquaintanceship with the
bride, and on tho day before the wed-1
ding lie personally gave to her a little I
gold pig, set with jewels.
Apropos of tho fact that many Am- I
Orleans visit Europe every year to
see sights which are discounted by ,
those at homo, a western paper says
that tourists express great wonder at
the cog railway up Rigi Kuliu, which I
runs a distance of four and a half j
miles, while by going to Pike's Peak j
they might ride on one eight and three- ,
fourths miles long. The ascent of the !
former is 'lO7ll feet anil that of the
latter is 8100 feet—an average of 840
feet per mile. The steepest grade on
the Pike's Peak railroad is an ascent |
of 1320 feet to the mile.
Consul Ilalstond at Birmingham,
England, writes the state department
at Washington that the ice habit is
making rapid progress in ('.rent Bri
tain, due largely to the incessant cla
mor for ice in hotels and public places
by the thousands of traveling Ameri
cans. Not very long ago the attend
ants at public places in England,
where nearly everything except ice
was provided, would lie insulted if
one complained because ice could not
he had. Today all first class places
have a few small lumps swimming in
a glass dish, and 3*oll pick these out
with sugar tongs; and In country inns,
and even In sccond-cless public houses,
they apologize for not having LL
At Kyak, Alaska, arc great fishing
grounds. Halibut is caught there
weighing 350 pounds, cod 42 pounds and
salmon 58 pounds.
Introduction of the trolley in the
French Riviera has resulted in injury to
the telephone lines, which are of the
grounded pattern.
A HUMAN'S ENDURANCE.
THE LIMITS OF LIFE WITHOUT FOOD,
WAFER PR AIR.
Awful Orlleuln Will h the Boily Will
Sometimes Stand Without Cuving in—
ltecord tor ExUtence Without sugien
unce—Terrible Strain of blecplHneßii.
To appreciate this article properly
you should go without your dinner
aud keep awake all ulght, to begin
with. Then you will have some ink
ling of the awful tests which the hu
man body will sometimes stand with
out caving in.
Beginning with hunger—which, per
haps, touches more nearly than any
thing else—there is a popular Idea that
a week Is the utmost limit a man
could live without nourishment. The
average human being would expire at
the end of the sixth day, but there
have been much longer trials. The
compulsory ones are the most interest
ing, and among them the record is
held by live sailors, whose ship, the
Hermione of Milford, foundered about
10U0 miles west of Valparaiso. Ten
men and a negro saved themselves in
the long boat, and then drifted about
the Pacific in bad weather for eight
days. They had nothing whatever in
the way of food—not even a bootlace
to chew. One man died on the fifth
day, and two more, with the negro,
went raving mad on the seventh, and
flung themselves overboard. They
sank like stones, and on the eighth
day, within two hours of the arrival
of help, two more collapsed and died.
The remainder were too weak even
to throw the bodies overboard, and
two hours inter the brigantine Brigh
am Young of San Francisco sighted
their flag—a shirt on the end of an
oar—and rescued them. One of the
live never recovered his reason, and
died a year later, but the others slow
ly regained strength; and theirs is
the record for endurance without any
particle of sustenance. Two of the
crew still live; others were lost at
sea on the Newfoundland Banks
three years after.
Strange to say, although more than
one professional faster has lasted -10
days without food, not one has exist
ed 41.
A tramp steamer—-the St. Anthony—
went down in the Indian ocean not
long ago, and six men drifted in n
boat for 14 days without food, but
they had a fair supply of water in
kegs. Water will keep a man going
for a long time. One of this crew
died; the others were picked up by a
steamer and recovered.
On land, Elliuson's Arctic expedi
tion from Norway lost botli itself and
its stores north of Franz Joseph I.and,
which is a very cold and lonely dis
trict. They tied with the St. Anthony's
crew as regards time, living 14 days,
though three of the 10 explorers died
during that time. They did not suf
fer from thirst, because of the snow,
and had one dog to divide among
themselves during the awful fortnight
on the ice-pack. At the end of it they
came upon some seals, and were able
to kill and eat some of them. Two
more men died from over-eating, how
ever, but the rest got safely back.
These records are easily beaten by
the various scientific and professional
"fasts" that have taken place, but one
must remember that the scientists
have every advantage in the way of
comfort, and make the thing as easy
as science can make it. Among the
records Sueci, an Italian, achieved a
40-day fast; but lie allowed himself
Water during the "starve," which took
place in London. He also mixed a
chemical "elixir" with the water. Al
though 40 days is a tremendous fast,
it is not so thorough a test as the ship
wrecked one. Besides, scientists and
"prof's" feed themselves to just the re
quisite pitch before starving.
The most genuine feat of starving
is that of Signor Tosti, who went
without anything whatever in the way
of stimulants, and nothing passeo his
lips during 18 days. This is the
world's record for starvation. He was
an absolute skeleton when the test
was over. It is needless to say that
this sort of trial wrecks the system
and shortens life.
One of the queerest things about this
kind of trial is that you may livo
longer on nothing at all than on food
without drink. If supplied with plenty
of dry food, hut not water, you would
expire about the end of the fifth day.
An example of this was the ease of
three sailors in a boat in mid-Atlant
ic. They had ample biscuits and meat
—tinned—but the laelc of water drove
two of them mad on the sixth day,
and the other was unconscious on the
seventh, when they were rescued.
This is the longest time known for
food without water. It Would be bet
ter to leave food alone, but few would
be able to do so.
Living without air seems impossible,
but both scientists and ordinary folk
have done it, though not absolutely
without the great life-giver. Four
j men were imprisoned in a coal mine
not long ago, and theirs is the longest
| "accidental" time known. A fall of a
| roof shut them in a hemetically
sealed cell, only 10 feet by three and
I four high. They were cramped to
j gether like cherries In a bottle, and
they were alive, though unconscious,
I on the evening of the third day when
I rescued. There have been several
: similar cases lasting only two days,
and one man—Jacob Bennett—was
j lmricd in a space six feet square, and
I was alive, but dying, when rescued
on the afternoon of the tldrd day.
Brissac, a French scientist, had
himself scaled up in a six-foot-square
room, and stood it for five days, tak
ing food and water meanwhile. He
prepared himself for it in every way,
] and as an actual feat, it does not
equal the miner's task. He never
covered the strain, however, and died
within the your. Several other tests
have been made, but this was the rec
ord. The average man would die be
fore the third day.
One of the most terrible trials is to
do without sleep. Beu captains ex
cel In this way, and the record. as
far as is known, Is that of Captain
Tanner, who kept awake on the
bridge of the steamer Dunkelth for
four days and nights during a furious
gale around Cupe Horn. He slept
three days on end after it, and few
men live could equal his perform
ance. Conlirmed Insomniacs, lion
sleepers, are often without sleep for
a much longer time, but they doze
more or less, and obtain rest from ly
ing down, which makes all the differ
ence. Our troops at the front—many ol
them—have had two, or even three,
nights running without sleep. It Is a
fact that troops can sleep on the
march at times, and when a man's
legs are once thoroughly numbed he
can full asleep and go on marching
safely—a genuine sleep-walker. Dr.
Robert Staines, a scientist of Edin
burgh. once kept himself awake for a
fortnight und a day, but with the aid
of drags. At the end of It he slept 72
hours, and lived to regret the experi
ment. For though he held the record,
he became a confirmed Insomniac, and
suffered terribly from Inability to
sleep, ever afterward, for more than
an hour or two a night.—Answers.
THE KINC OF LAYSAN.
C aptain Spencer and tlie Inland on M'lilcli
lie Ih Authority.
The "King of Lnysan Island" Is in
Honolulu with his wife, having ar
rived on tlic bark Ceylon, 011 a visit
for the benefit of the health of her
majesty, the queen. The king is Cap
tain J. R. Spencer, well known as a
ship master for nearly 50 years. For
the past few years he has made his
home on Laysan Island, where he
looks after the interests of Hack
feld & Co., owners of the is
land, in the loading of vessels sent
there for fertilizer. Since his taking
up residence on Laysan, the captain
has been called king of the Island
by those who know him, as he Is In
supreme authority 011 the little Isle
from which Hawaii has secured so
much sugar-producing fertilizer.
Captain Spencer lives In a comfort
able four-room cottage on Laysan Is
land, which, he says, is a very nice
little spot, with a climate a bit cooler
than Honolulu. There are three white
men 011 the island, a lnnn. n carpen
ter and an engineer. Thirty Japanese
laborers, Captain Spencer and Mrs.
Spencer make up the rest of the popu
lation. There is nothing for the king
to do but to see that the ships Hack
field & Co. send from Honolulu are
loaded with all possible dispatch, and
to receive and look after the supplies
sent him.
Laysan Island is about eight miles
in circumference. It was quite unin
habited, though fertile, until this haole
of Hawaii found thut there was good
fertilizer in its soil, and then workmen
were sent there, and the vessels be
gan to call and take away as much of
the Island as they could carry. Tills
was 10 years ago, and since then
many shiploads of guano have come
to Honolulu from Laysan. During
the past two years 8000 tons have
been shipped.
There arc 110 courts, no judges, 110
police on Laysan Island—only Captain
Spencer, who is master just as if lie
were on a ship, a state of affairs to
which he is quite accustomed.
In a few years the fertilizer will
all lie gone from Lnynnn. Then it will
be deserted, the cozy home of Captain
Spencer will fall in ruins, and the
birds will have the little spot all to
themselves again. It Is estimated
that there is enough fertilizer left for
two or three years more, of the quality
used in the past. Captain Spencer
says that there may be a great deal
more of inferior grade.
The King of Laysan has had a long
and interesting career 011 the son. He
nasa ship captain for 50 years, com
ing to Honolulu at intervals, his first
trip being in 1852. He was a captain
at different times of the ship Florence,
brigs Alice and W. H. Allen, and of
the bark Far Away.—Honolulu Star.
lTliiclcWolf's Daughter Inherit* a Million
An Indian girl, Annie Truehnrt Dil
lon. aged 14, daughter of the Kiowa
chief, Black Wolf, has inherited a
fortune of $1,000,000 from a rich cat
tle-man, John Dillon, who 70 years
ago was saved from death at the
hands of a half-breed assassin by this
little girl. The girl's education is to
he begun at once under the supervision
of the Bishop of Monterey.
Dillon formerly owned 11 ranch on
the Rio Qrondo in Texas. On one oc
casion, whou an Indian employe
Bought to murder and roll him, warn
ing was given by little Annie. Dillon
placed a dummy In Ills lied and
watched the would-be assassin drive
a knife into it. He then shot the In
dian dend. lie had 110 relatives and
left every cent of his property to the
little Indian maiden who saved his
life and whose parents allowed her to
take Dillon's name.—Chicago Inter
Ocean.
Lord 111 lion- Ituttermnker.
Lord Ripon has taken tt butter
making with great success. His butter
Is so good that the business prr-spers
greatly, and he has had to open a
shop in Ripon and another in Leeds.
Most popular of landlords, Lord Ufpon,
who is in his 73d year, now loads a life
of retirement at Studley Royal, and is
very seldom at ids house on the Chel
sea embankment.—London Evening
News.
AN ANARCHIST QUEEN
Lucy Parsons, the Head of the Chicago
Reds.
The dominating figure in the an
archist circles of Chicago is Mrs. Lucy
Parsons, the wife of the noted an
archist who was hanged for his con
nection with the Haymarket riots. She
is to Chicago what Louise Michel is to
Paris. Recently Mrs. Parsons was ar
rested for anarchistic utterances, but
Ehe is accustomed to being in police
toils. She hates the police and the
latter watch her as they would a can
of dynamite. "Hirelings of capital!"
and Minions of plutocrats!" are her
pet names for the officers of the law
and these she hurls at them when she
harangues her followers on the street
corners.
Mrs. Parsons was born on the brown
barrens of a Texas ranch 45 years ago.
Her mother was a Creek Indian and
her father a pure Mexican, so that this
noted queen of anarchists is a mixture
of the Aztec and the North American
aborigine. Her features are not In
dian. Her face is brown, oval and
well shaped, although her ears are
rather badly turned. Her eyes are
long and brown, and her hair is not
straight black but kinky. Her hands
are characteristically long and large,
with pointed fingers. When she talks
her rather thick nostrils dilate and her
whole face and figure quiver with ex
citement.
She married Albert Parsons when
she was 17 years old, and left the Tex
as ranch. Parsons wa3 then a report
er on the Galveston News, and had
IHHIWIIIHI
J
CAPTURED SANTA ANNA
In the town of San Suba, Texas,
there still lives an old man unhonored
and unsung who at the age of sixteen
years, captured, with the assistance
of two comrades, the Mexican general,
Santa Anna, and thus so largely as
sisted in gaining the independence of
Texas.
In 1819 Sion R. Bostwiclt was born
in Alabama. A few years iaier his
parents removed to Texas, taking
their family with them. Young Sion
SION
grew up on the Texas frontier and be
came an expert horseman and rifle
shot. When, in 1835 the Texans re
volted against the tyranny of the Mexi
can dictator, Santa Anna, young Bost
wick became a member of one of the
companies of Texan Rangers and saw
hard fighting. The next year after the
fall of the Alamo, he took the field
again, and it was on this expedition
whilo serving as a mounted scout, that
he, with two other soldiers, had the
good fortune to capture the Mexican
general, who was dressed at the time
in the uniform of a private soldier.
begun work for that paper as a printer.
"Parsons was very conservative
then," says Mrs. Parsons in talking
over her career. "He had the old idea
of religion, and I got that out of him.
About social questions he hadn't
thought at all."
They came to Chicago twenty-seven
years ago, and that was the beginning
of the career of Lucy Parsons. Par
sons got a place as typesetter.
The tide of anarchy in Chicago rose
higher and higher, and with it rode
Parsons and his Indian wife. They
lectured, and wrote, and took part in
all the secret meetings of the Reds.
When the bomb was thrown in Hay
market square and Chicago waked up
to the danger Parsons was one of the
men who was tried and hanged for the
crime. He was one of the Chicago an
archists hanged in the county Jail,
while the streets were deserted and
still, shutters fast on houss and a
black pall hung over the city, and men
were white and trembling with fear.
From that time to the present Mrs.
Parsons has been growing more bitter
in her denunciation of present condi
tions. She is a woman with a griev
ance. Her creed is education, agita
tion, evolution with an occasional rev
olution thrown in to make things live
ly. She believes in no private owner
ship nor In political government. Her
idea is to divide society into industrial
groups, each of them to manage its
own industry in its own way.
Their prisoner was taken before Gen
Sam Houstan, who spared his life and
persuaded him a few weeks later tc
sign a treaty of peace, in which the
Independence of Texas was conceded.
At the age of eighty-one Mr. Bost
wick is still strong and in robusi
health, although the first fifty years
of his life were largely spent in fight
ing either Mexicans or Indians.
Automobilo Storage Itonins.
The coming fashionable apartment
house will have storage rooms for au
tomobiles. When houses were fitted
up with bicycle storage rooms it was
regarded as something decidedly
"modern." A new apartment house
in New York is being planned with au
tomobile storage rooms. The owner of
the house intends to rent apartments
only to persons who are wealthy
enough to own automobiles. Every ar
rangement will be provided for charg
ing storage batteries, and this will
necessitate the keeping of a staff of
mechanics to clean, oil, repair and ad
just the motor machinery of the self
goers. In some cities the liverymen
have practically boycotted the automo
bile, claiming the electric vehicles in
jures their trade.
A Cemotory for Doff*.
In Paris there has recently been
opened a special cemetery for dogs
where the deceased canines can bo
buried with as much pomp and be
marked by as pretentious a headstone
as their late masters can afford. Along
the front of the cemetery grounds a
handsome stone wall has been erected
and within the entrance on either side
are the house of the concierge and tiie
office. Directly in front of one enter
ing Is a handsome marble monument.
A heavy relief in the stone represents
the dog bearing a child on his back,
and commemorates the saving of a lit
tle one lost in the snow of St. Bernard
pass whom a St. Bernard dog found
and brought to a safe refuge.
LABOR CONDITIONS IN CHINA.
Where tlie "Squeeze" Syntem I# la Eft'eot—
Wagas, Gulldz end Strikes.
The "squeeze" system is so uni
versal In China that it has to be taken
into consideration in discussing tlio
wage question. If a man's opportuni
ties to squeeze are large his wages
will be small. Any employe whi pur
chases or gives contracts for his em
ployer will have only a nominal wage,
or none at all, for It is recognized that
he will compensate himself from ex
tortion of the people under him, or de
pendent upon his patronage.
The man who has no opportunity
however to squeeze Is paid only the
lowest possible pittance capable of
supporting life. This varies with the
price of food stuffs, and 89 transporta
tion facilities are very poor often
makes considerable difference in
wages within 100 miles. For Instance,
in Chlnafu, the capital of the province
of Shantung, flour of good quality
can be bought for 25 cash per catty.
At cities two days distance by mule
or donkey the price is nearly twice us •<
much.
Usually employers of large numbers
of men feed their employes and pay
tliein still smaller wages. But if the
laborer buys bis own food the follow
ing scale may l>e taken as accurate
for China north of Shanghai. 1 am
informed that it is much the same all
over China, but have no personal
knowledge south of Shanghai.
This scale applies only to natives
employing natives. Foreigners em
ploying Chinese always have to pay
higher rates. The wages are calcula
ted by the day in United States mon
ey:
Farm laborers $0.0414 to SO. oO
Colliers 04 to .00
Carpenters 0714 to .22
Masons 0714 to .20
Stone Cutters 05 to .10
Carters 05 to .10
Miners 05 to .10
Clerks In store 05 to .20
Secretaries in ynmens. .25 to 1.00
Teachers, public 10 to .20
Teachers, private 10 to .50
Policemen 04 to .08
Soldiers 00 to .IB
Sailors 05 to .07
Cooks Nominal.
Since the increase of foreigners,
foreign machinery and railways a lim
ited number of men have obtained
employment of the ports at much
higher wages, indicated as follows:
Machinists $0.20 to $0.50
Engine drivers 110 to 1.00
Firemen 10 to .110
Weavers 10 to .25
Coachmen 10 to .20
Guildes have existed from very early
times and regulate in some degree in
some places the price of labor. But
as competition is very groat and the
country is most places overcrowded,
the prices of food for the day's ab
solute need is about the price of labor.
A man lias little or nothing left after
paying for bis food, so that to obtain
clothing is often a matter of difficulty.
The surplus after tlie day's food is
more often expended in opium or
gambled away than put on the labor
er's back. Misery in winter is conse
quently universal.
Strikes ordered by guilds occasional
ly occur, and they are generally suc
cessful, as they are never undertaken
except in direct extremity and for an
otherwise irremediable evil.
The wnge-earning classes of China
are a patient, uncomplaining, content
ed people, without ambition, and truly
are, as the governor of Pekin once
said to me, "Like horses and cows and
in nowise more Intelligent"—Robert
Coltman, Jr.
Ancient Sun Diitl*.
It is probable that the earliest sun
dial was simply the spear of some no
mad chief stuck upward in the ground
before his tent Among those desert
wanderers, keen to observe their sur
roundings, it would not lie a difficult
thing to notice the shadow shortened
as the sun rose higher in the sky and
that the shortened shadow always
pointed in the same direction—north.
The recognition would have followed
very soon that tills noonday shadow
changed in its length from day to
day. A six-foot spear would give a
shadow at noonday in latitude 40 de
grees of 12 feet at one time of the
year, and no less than two feet at an
other time.
This Instrument, so simple, so easily
carried, so easily set up, n-r.j well
have begun the scientific study of
astronomy, for It lent itself to "mea
surement, and science is measurement,
and nrobnbly we see It expressed in'
permanent form in the obelisks of N
Egyptian solar temples, though these
no doubt Were retained merely as
solar emblems ages alter their use as
actual instruments of observation
hud ceased. An upright stick, ~
carefully plumbed, standing on some
level surface, may, therefore, well
make the first advance upon the na
tural horizon. A knob at the top of
the stick will be found to render the
shadow more easily observed.-From
Knowledge.
School Discipline in Munich.
A judicial decision which has just
beeu rendered at the court of Munich
shows that corporal punishment Is
still regarded in Germany as an in
dispensable factor of education. "A
school teacher," says the Judge, "lias
the right to inflict corporal punish
ment as well on tile pupils of his own
class as on those of other classes. As
pupils are amenable to scholastic ju
risdiction even after the school hours
are over, they may be punished by
the teacher even outside of the
school."—New York Herald.
The average boarding house joke
is Just about as stale as the butter.