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:-*m I •M A- £-1 fi&r' tSStf WTTW^S HOPE PIONEER E. SuUcrtptloa. (|X IllUUtllS. The late Michigan Legislature passed at its late session a law making ten hours a legal day's work. It did not, however, have any provision forbid ding inen to give more than ten hours for a day's work if they wished to do so, and already a large number of men employed in sawmills and lumbering have signed agreements with their em ployers to work eleven hours per day. As the law was specially aimed at the lumber interest, it seems to have fallen considerably short of its purpose. The Railway Age notes an unexpect ed activity in railway building. The mileage of 620 proposed new roads and those already in progress of construc tion, is 44,303 The gerater part of the proposed roads are to be short local lines, intended for legitimate needs of communities, and generally wanted to give connection with exist ing roads to open up regions destitute of railway facilities. In the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Ten nessee, this activity is especially no ticeable and cheering. Ferdinand Ward, who financially wrecked the Grant family, claims that he is more sinned against than sinning. He says he is not worth a dollar, and is made the scape goat of others more guilty than he. The impression is that Ward it not more guilty than others, but until he discloses the whole busi ness he must bear the brunt of blame. Ward has been living sumptuously in Ludlow Street Jail at the expense of unknown, but liberal,friends for nearly ,a year and a half, since the Marine Bank stopped paying 20 per cent, a month to its favored investors. Fish has gone to prison, muttering impotent maledictions upon his partner, and justice has rested on her sword. The people of Illinois complain that the tax system of that State is un equal and unjust, and are organizing leagues to more effectively work for a change in the laws governing the sub ject. The chief complaint seems to be that real estate is called upon to bear too great a share of the burden of taxation, and this appears to be borne out by the fact that out of a total State revenue of $30,000,000, realty pays $25,000,000. In Chicago alone over $4,000,000 was taken last year for general taxes, and $2,000,000 more on special assessments, while personal property paid less than $1,000,000 and the large number of railroads centering there only a little over. $200,000. The population of Massachusetts, according to the late census, lacks only about 50,000 of being 2,000, 000, the increase in the last five years being almost wholly the cities and towns.' It is worth noticing that the population of Massachusetts has just about doubled in 35 years—the num ber in 1850 having been 994,514— and that she now has a density of population on her 8,040 square miles of land surface of 242 persons to the square mile. This is more than any European country had in 1820, when the overpopulation doctrines of Mal thus were so much in vogue for Hol land and Belgium at that time count ed only 239 to the spuare mile, and England (in 1825) only 212. The Chicago Tribune has performed a very valuable public service in can vassing the Western and Southern States for expressions of opinion on the silver jquestion. Its correspond ents send about 120 reports, cover ing nearly two pages of the paper, from so. many different points in nine teen States. The Tribune, in its sum mary of these opinions, says: Every shade of opinion is represented, but it would be difficult to prove from this showing that silver has lost its popu larity with the people. Many who ..were earnest advocates of theremone tization of silver now think it would be prudent to suspend the coinage "but it is clear that anything like the demonetization of silyer or its perma- neilt Withdrawal from circulation Would excite widespread opposition. S* siMfsox, ruWi8W.!! .iri per year......: ..S2 oc .. 1 0(1 nOPK, NORTH DAKOTA. The cattle men evince a disposition defy the Pressdent's order, but •'when the troops get after them they will have to go. Public sentiment will ^»BU8tain the government in pretty de nsive measures with these aggressive capitalists, who had begun to be lieve that they were stronger than the laws. Brazil is taking steps to hasten the extinction of slavery, that institution having long ago begun to die out in the Empire. The greatest of all South American countries is keeping quiet and minding its own business, but its progress toward high civilization and great power and wealth is rivaled by no South American State save, per haps, Chili and the Argentine Confed eration, and neither of these coun tries can ever equal Brazil in size and possibilities of greatness. THEKEWS Small Pox Horrors In Montreal. The small pox visitation as yet shows little signs of decrease. Horrible stories are told of suffering .and fanaticism. At 8t. Albans, Vt. Bruneau, who ran into the central station a few days ago, and said some one was trying to kill him, and who was afterward taken to the hospital, jumped through a window of the hospital and ran through the streets-with only his night clothes on. He ran into a passage and commenced to pound on the door of a residence. The inmates went out and gave him a beating. A constable soon ar rived and produced a light, when the man was found suffering from smallpox, and the hands of those who had beaten him were covered with blood from the pits on liis face. The medical health officer was telephoned for, and Bruneau was taken back to the hospital. General Manager Hobart, of the Central Vermont railroad, says that nothing was being neglected on the part of tlio railroad that would render travel to and from Mon treal as safe as possible. No cars of any kind coming in from Boston, New York, or intermediate points are allowed to go fur ther than St. Albans, passengers and bag gage being transferred to special trains, which run only between St. Albans and Montreal, and whi jh are thoroughly disin fected and cleansed every day. Medical in spectors are aboard every train coming from Montreal, and no passengers arc .al lowed to go south from this place unless they have been vaccinated. A London Elopement Sensation. London is agog with a sensation, in which the elements of romance and scandal are painfully mixed. A handsome young assist ant in a Dublin dry goods shop eloped with a Miss Wilson, whose acquaintance he had made during her shopping visits. Miss Wil son was also young and handsome and she was moreover,an heiress and a ward in chan cery. Her father is still living, and he be came terribly enraged when he heard of the elopement. He chased the fugitives over half of England, and finally overtook them and caused their arrest, while they were on 1 heir way to Scotland to be married. They were brought separately to London and the young man was arraigned at the Bow street police court on a charge of con tempt of court in having sought to marry a ward in chancery without the sanction of the lord high chancellor. Kavannugli said that his arrest alone had prevented his marrying Miss Wilson, and that what ho most deplored was the fact that while they were on their way to Scotland they had assumed the relations of husband and wife without waiting for the ceremony. The lord high chancellor will probably imprison Kavanagli for a couple of months and then allow liitn to marry Miss Wilson, but taking care tie up her money so that she alone can control it. Writing the Story of His Own Death. St. Louis Special: N. N. Wood, city editor of the Quincy (111.) Sunday Optic, commit ted suicide on the 5th inst. He went to his room and wrote a two-column article de scribing his feelings as he approached his end. He also wrote an accountofhissuicidefora morning paper, giving all theghnstly details, probable cause, etc. He introduced his sketch with a note to his brother reporters which says: "When you come to sift this matter and sum it up your article will read like this." He shot himself twice in the head and died instantly. In his article he said that the real cause of his suicide was a trouble of which he had spoken to no one. He was twenty-one years of age. Wasltincton Gossip. It is quite certain now that Senator Edmunds will not be opposed by any Re publican candidate for the senatorship. Mrs. Vilas and family arrived in Washing ton, to remain during the winter, and are now occupying the house in which Senator Sabin has lived for two years. The United States marine band gave the last public concert of season in the White House grounds recently, to a very lim ited attendance. The president was too busy to listen to the music. Commissioner of Pensions Black returned from Elmira, N. Y., where one of his chil dren, aged six years, died recently of diph theria. Two other children of Gen. Black were dangerously ill with the disease, but are now convalescent. Elaborate and extensive charges have been made to the secretary of the treasury against the signal office for wasteful expen diture of money. It is charged that this wasteful expenditure has been in direct violation of law from the very beginning of the service. Liout. Gen. Sheridan has made an argu ment before Secretary Endicott, in favor of the retention of his aides. The points made were that, as he had the right to choose them, there is no good reason why they should not be permitted to remain for the four yearB. Benjamin H. Green was appointed sur veyor general of Montana. Mr. Green is a native of Georgia, and for many years past has been living in Louisiana. He was the engineer of the New Orleans Pacific railway, now part of the Gould system. For a year or two he was railroad building in Texas, and he is now a resident of Mississippi. From all the indications it seeins pretty certain that the president will stick to his original intention not to appoint any civilian to the army this year, but will al low the existing vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant to remain until next year to afford accommodations for theunusally large graduating class. Ex-Minister Kasson, who was in Wash ington the other day, is engaged in writing a diplomatic history of the war of the Re bellion, which will establish the exact re lations which the European powers oc cupied toward the Confederacy. Mr. Kasson has had a work of this sort in contem plation for many years. H. G. Armstrong of West Virginia, who was recently appointed post trader at the Crow Indian agency in Montana, has de clined the appointment. He writes to a friend that he passed twenty-four hours on the reservation, found that the Indians had nothing to trade, and that there was no money in the business and started for home. Secretary Manning and Supervising Ar chitect Bell have consented to let the con tract for the new Minneapolis government building to the Minnesota Stone company, at $21,400 for stone work to M. C. Gowan, Washington, D. C., at $11,000 for brick work. Sauk Rapids, Minn., granite will be used, and it is pronounced by the treasury officials as most beautiful stone. The Turkish legation in Washington attributes the report cabled from Con stantinople that the sultan was believed to bebecoming demented "to the malice of the enemies of Turkey," and emphatically de nies that there is any truth in it. The le gation says: "The health of his majesty the sultan is of the very best. He occupies himself actively with the affairs of the empire, and seeks to assure the happiness of his people." In the South' and West,at least,the peo- John Cardwell oTTexas, appointed consul pJeAre well satisfied with the silver dol- general at Cairo, is editor of tho Austin lJtt&'artd wl^ile there is. a growing dis position «,niong prudent men to favor jfaagendion of the coinage for a time, if j8 jAa.in tbat no sucfy result can be |vbi^t'&t>oiit by arbitrary measures y8uior«ed' without regayd^, to public apfpipti. V,-f* The president recently made the following appointments: John Cardwell, Texas, agent and consul general of the United States at Cairo Owen McGarr, Colorado, consul general in Ecuador to be United states consuls, Thomas R. Joinagan, lJTol'?a',ut Montevideo Madison Allen Sybrook, Indiana, at Algiers Lewis Oebhardt Read, New York, at Barbadoes Illinois, at Aix La Chap peile Otto E. Reimar, New York, at San tiago de Cuba George R. Goodwin, Massa chusetts, atAnnaberg, Kingdom of Saxony. Personal Gossip. Casualty Record. The burned continental hotel at Fargo is to be rebuilt. ®n6inRer Reed, of the Northwestern rood, was killed at Guersey, Iowa, by his engine being derailed. W. H. Hubbell, a homesteader living mile and a hall east ot Sterling station on the N. P. road was killed by a runaway team. The village ol Westwood, N. J., was struck by a cj-clyne. on the .4th.inst., which caused a great deal ol damage, but lortu nately no loss of life. The oil and storage house ot the St. Louis, Keokuk ifcNortliwestern railway at Keokuk, Iowa, was destroyed by fire, supposed to have been caused from a defective flue. Loss on building about $1,000 on stock, $6,000. In the vicinity of Grafton, Dak., Mrs. Manson was so badly burned by prairie fire that she died soon after, Mrs. Smart, Mr. Sherman's sister, lost everything on her farm, the damage being about $700. Henry Sherman lost his house, stable and twenty-two acres of valuable timber. Gil bert Swanslie lost his house, stable, four stacks of oats and all his hay. George Swanslie lost his stable, hay and two hogs. Another party, name unknown, lost his house, stable, grain and hay. James Wil liams lost all his grain. Simon Binsta lost his house and grain. David Benas lost his house granary and five acres of wheat. Others in that immediate vicinity have lost almost everything. Criminal Calender. A postal route a ent named Gorman is in jail in De si'Ioines for beating an old man so that he may d'?. The trial of Mrs. Druse, for the murder ol her husband, closed at Herkimer, N. Y., with a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree. At Wapfceton, Dak., Jacob Eckes was shot by Oscar Schoenaman. An altercation occurred about an old debt which Eckes claimed Schoenaman owned him. Augustus Hoose, a mathematical instru ment maker from New York, made a des perate attempt to commit suicide recently by cutting his throat with a razor. The name of the Boston physician who wue thought to have committed suicide in Cincinnati was Charles Edwin Warren. He was for many years a surgeon in the army. A1 Wicks of Creston, formerly a conduc tor on the Burlington road, has been con victed of robbine Dennis Murphy of several hundred dollars, and sent to the peniten tiary. At Salt Lake, Johu Nicholson, editor ol the Deseret News, was tried for unlawful cohabitation and pleaded not guilty. After the jury had been obtained he went to the witness stand and testified that he was married to two women with whom he lives. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. Recently a Btalwart Engl's'iman, a sailor, engaged in a personal encounter with the clerk at the Economy hotel, Minneapolis. The men fought furiously for nearly hall an hour, and came out of the battle with bad ly disfigured faces. They went at it in a systematic way and fought regular rounds. Esthetic Boston burglars entered the residence of Fred L. Ames of North Easton, Mass., and stole from his art gallery four of his most valuable paintings. One was the work of Meyer von Bremen,another by J. F. Millett, a third by Theo Rousseau, and the fourth by Zeybek. They were all removed from their frames. One Gould, alias T. H. Bett, is wanted by the Italian miners at Vulcan, Mich. He was the mine timekeeper and a private banker, and sold exchange and passage tickets. He left for Chicago a few weeks ago, ostensibly for medical treatment. The depositors now learn that he has skipped. The bank is burst. The liabilities are $7,000. Thursday morning the-1st inst., before daybreak a cattle buyer was going from Allerton, Iowa, to his home just over the line between Wayne county nnd Missouri, and discovered the smouldering remains of an emigrant wagon, and in them the bodies of two children, a boy and a girl, who had apparently died and been burned with the wagon. They were supposed to be two children who had passed throiuh Centre ville the Tuesday beforeand whawere then dying of the measles, and the supposition is that their parents took this means of getting rid of them. Foreign News. Sir John Macdonald says if Riel is con demned to hang, he must, whether it causes a French Canadian rebellion or not. Queen Victoria has conferred a civil list E[illocks, ension of $375 a year on Rev. J. Inclns author of "Hard Battles for Life and Usefulness." New developments continue to manifest themselves in the case of Empress Carlotta. She recently celebrated the fortv-fifth an niversary of her birth, but her mental con dition remains the same. The duke of Newcastle, it is reported, lias joined the Roman Catholic church. This has caused much annoyance in es tablished church circles in England. The duke has great influence and an income of $200,000 a year. Attorney General Garland appears to be very indifferent as to the recent charges concerning his connection with the Pan Electric Telephone company, and disposes of the subject by saying that the difference between the two companies must be set tled, not by him, but by the courts. SirCharles Dilke, Bart., president of the local government board under Mr. Glad stone's administration, was married to Mrs. Mark Patteson at Chelsea. Tho ceremony wns conducted quietly and without the display usually attended in fashionable circles on such occasions. Baronet Ward, cousin to the earl of Rosebery, has raised in the court of chan cery a claim to the estates of the earl of Norfolk, worth $200,000,000, and to the title of earl. He bases his claim partly on a missing document supposed to have been placed in the coffin of the last carl and been buried with him in the family vault at Bex ley hall. A dispatch to the Russian papers says: "The English have taken entire possession of Herat, and have ordered the inhnbi tants to quit the town immediately. The inhabitants, angered by the action of the English, have thrown up earthworks op posite the citadel. The English are being strongly reinforced." This dispatch is considered to be exaggerated. Ex-Minister Francis, on being interviewed regarding the repulse received by tho state department in the matter of Mr.'Keiley,ap pointed successively to the embassies in Italy and Austria, Mr. Francis replied that Prince Kalnoky's main objection to Mr. Keiley as the representative of the United States at Vienna was his abuee of the king of Italy and the coarseness of expression of which he had been guilty in assailing that monarch. The Austrian court was averse to accepting a minister who was offensive to Humbert. M. De Giers demands that the powers us sent to armed intervention by Russia if tho Servians enter Macedonia. The porte is hurrying troops from the maritime prov inces of Asia to Salonica. Two thousand men left Smyrna. The porte lias obtained an advance of £1,000,000 from Gatate, bankers. Gabriel Pasha has been liberated, and has left Sofia for Constantinople. Part of the Widdin garrison lias been sent to Sofia. Tliisis regarded as proof of improv ed relations between Bulgaria nnd Servia. A number of German officers on the retired list are offering their services to Prince Alexander. Miscellaneous Nevs Items. The Colorado Democratic state judicial convention nominated Hon. Wilbur F. Stone for supreme judge. New York and Chicago played their last championship game together on the 3d inst., and tho visitors finally won. The game was tho b:st in three and the Chicagos won two and the game. Workupon the Dubuque & Northwestern, to extend from Dubuque to a connection with the Minnesota & Northwestern at Lyle, is progressing satisfactorily. So far about eight miles northwest from Dubuque have been graded. The creditors of S. B. FreKe'i met at Menomonie, WiB., in the bank building, re cently. Q.ne schedule of assets and liabili tic-s was submitted, showing the assets to bo from $45,000 to $50,000. The liabili ties are $38,72, whioh may be slightly In creased by small claims. -*r imrimuouKDa,: Disclosures In the iceport of the General Xjuid Commissioner. Washington Special:—The annual re port of Land Commissioner Sparks is nearly completed. It has involved a vast amount ot work, and will reveal some startling facts in the condition of the vari ous railroad land grants A large force of clerks have gone over all the grants to ad just them. Strange as it may seem, jio road has been found to have less than its grant called for. All have more, many far more than they are entitled to. The mode of obtaining the great excess is set forth at great length and is bound to create a sensation. It appears that by conceal ing or keeping in the dark the essential facts, and by ignoring the character of the grants and the plain provisions of the law, the railroad division of the general land office has succeeded in allowing railroad corporations to obtain patents for lands which were not granted, and in amounts'which were largely in excess of the quantities authorized. Neither tho commissioners nor the secretaries were ad vised of the facts. The whole responsibili ty was left to one or two clerks, who mado such examinations as best suited their con venience and purposes. No written state ment of the result was required or made, and the facts upon which the rights of the companies depended were thus ignored and ronccaled. In order to more effectually con Cvdltlie true status of the grants, they were treated as grants of specific quantities and estimates of the quantity of land granted were made and published. These estimates are false and deceptive, and were made without taking into consideration the limitation as to whre the indemnity lands •were to be selected and other restricting clauses in the grant. They have been used for the purpose of inducingthepublic to be lieve that thecompanies have not received theq uantity of lands gran ted. These frauds would have long Bince been exposed, but for the fact that the companies have had suffi cient influence and power to keep the ad justment of the grants in the hands of their friends. There are clerksnowinthedepart ment who are responsible for many of these irregularities. Maps have been made showing how false lines were run in surveying the bends and crooks of the grants whereby large amounts of landswere taken. It is understood that the report will recom mend that suits be brought to recover from the railroad companies tho lands patented to them in excess of their grant, and where they liavo sold the lands thus fraudulent ly obtained the government should re cover judgment for their value. One out come of this will be to open the door to a multitude of suits by settlers who have bought relinquishments orwaiversfrom rail road companies. When the amount of any railroad company's losses of lands is placed, and the amount of lands patented in lieu of them are ascertained, if the latter exceeds the former it is clear that the com pany had no right to sell waivers. This will give the settler who haB paid for such relinquishment a chance to sue for his money. Usually such waivers have been sold for about the government price of the land. A TERRIBLE COLLISION. The Robinson Circus Train Wrecked Near Fergus Falls, Minn., and Five Men Killed. At 3 o'clock Sunday morning the 4th, inst., John Robinson's train, in two sec tions, was coming into Fergus Falls, Minn.,' from Wahpeton, Dak., on the Northern Pacific railroad, about four miles west of the city, a coupling broke and the rear seven enrs of the first section ran down the steep grade into the engine of the second section at the rate of forty miles an hour. The caboose and two sleeping cars, containing 160 sleeping men,composed a portion of the section which had broken loose. The engineer of the approaching train stopped his engine, and he and the fireman jumped and were saved,but both sections crushed into each other, killing five men outright, fatally injur ing throe, and injuring ten or twelve others slightly. The watchman of the train, trying to warn the sleeping men of the danger of the collision, was killed himself, refusing to desert, although aware that acolhsionwas inevitable. He was frightfully mangled. His heart was found on top of a flat car some distance away, his bowels lying on the ground and body cut to pieces. Had the engineer of the rear section only a moment's more' time, he could have backed his train and avoided the calamity. But it was too late, and the cars struck his engine with tremendous force, throwing the three sleepers from the track, and smash ing them beyond recognition. No performers or animals were hurt. The men killed were the Watchman Wilson and four canvaBBmen. The engine was badly smashed and cars reduced to kind ling wood. The most remarkable fact is that more were not killed and injured. Twenty or thirty others received slight cuts and bruises. The list of killed: Roberts—Can vasman, joined at Wadena, on the way to Cincinnati. William Krausc—Lived at 42 Main street, Cincinnati. Sam Blair—Joined at Colfak, Wash. James Wilson—Watchman, formerly policeman at Cincinnati lived at Hummel housa. Charles Wallace—Joined at Portland, Or. Antecedents unknown. Position of Veterans in the ArmyandNavy. A number of discharges were made in the Brooklyn navy yard last spring, owing to the smallnees of the appropriation avail able. Among those first discharged were some veterans. The matter wan at once taken up by the Veterans' Right union and efforts were made to have the men reinstat ed in their positions. CommodoreChandler was appealed toby the committee and they were referred to the foreman, but no satis faction could be obtained. The committee, consisting of R. P. Little, Joseph W. Kay and George F. Hopper, on the 16th of last July wrote letter to Secretary Whitney stating the facts. To the above appeal the following letter was received a short time ago: Navy Department, Washington, Sept. 22, 1885—Gentlemen: Your letter of re cent date, requesting that due attention be given to the claims of honorably discharg ed soldiers and sailors for employment and retention in the navy department and the yards under its control has been received. In reply I have to say that it will give me pleasure at all times to give preference to those honorably discharged from the mili tary and naval service of the United States, either tor appointment to or retention in office, as the case may be, if equally competent and de serving. The efforts of the Grand Army of the Republic to maintain in this way tho premium on patriotism displayed by these honorably discharged soldiers and Bailors are commendable and shall have my co operation. You may rest assured the fact that a man is an honorably diccharged sol dier will not militate against his obtaining employment in anv of the establishments under the control of the navy department, but, 9n the contrary, the fact will be (as it lias been heretofore) considered by me as a recommendation in favor of the applicant lor the employment he seeks. I shall be glad to have iny attention called to any violation of the law with reference to this subject. Yours respectfully, **r A.C.WHITNEY, Secretary of the Navy. Secretary Whitney's letter was referred to Commodore Chandler, and the men were reinstated. l'oor Nellie Grant. The papers have been dumb about the Sartoris matter. The truth is that the only reason why the separation has not been complete between Nellie Grant and her husband has been because of her inabili ty to obtain possession ot her three chil dren. Sartoris has been brutal in his treatment of her and she does not want to live with him. If the children ever get to this side ot the water they will never be allowed to go back again. If Mrs. Sartoris gets possession ot them she will probably, after the mourning in the Grant family ends, bring suit for a divorce from the brutal, unappreciatlve creature she married. This marriage was the regret ol Grant's lite. This is not gossip, but a plain statement ot tact. 4P TRANSIT BATES. rhe Kailroad Commissioners Againsf Tranilt Rates—Their Report. The Minnesota board ot railroad com missionen have made public their report in the matter ot transit rates—a subject which has been very widely discussed, and in which buyers, sellers and shippers are deeply interested. The proceedings taken are based ujJbn complaints filed with the commissioners by citi sens of Carver, McLeod, Renville, Chip pewa, Swift and Big Stotfe counties, Minn., against the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. These counties are dependent upon the Milwaukee road for the necessary transportation to get their grain into market, and they claim that the sys tem of present transit rates is a burden up on them which should not be tolerated by the state. The commissioners take position against the transit rate system—as at pres ent enforced—and declare that the shipper must be given the option of having his grain carried to Minneapolis at a reasonable freight charge, or of availing himself of the privilege of the transit rate through to Chica go or the East. The commissionerBdo not abolish the transit rate at all. If the shipper and the railroad company agree upon terras the transit rate system can be carried out,as isnow being done. The effect of the order of the commissioners is that the Milwaukee and other roads, having Chicago or Eastern terminal facilities, cannot force the Bhipper to pay freight charges to Chicago, but al lows him the privilege to pay only for car riage to Minneapolis. The railroads affect ed are thus compelled to give a reasonable local rate on grain, which is not done under the present order of things. The only roads affected by the commissioners' order are the Milwaukee and St. Piyil, Minneapo lis & St. Louis, Omaha and Duluth roads. Gen. Becker is of the opinion that the farmers along the lines of roads tributary to St. Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth will be benefited by the decision of the commis sioners. For some time past the people have been demanding an abolition of the transit. They desire to ship wheat at reasonable rates to terminal points with out being compelled to bill the same through to Chicago. The only way in which the railroad companies can evade the ruling, in order to retain the ship ments through to Chicago, after the grain has been sold- at Minneapolis or St. Paul, will be by competition. This will, of course, be beneficial to the shipper, by giving him a lower freight rate to that point. In bis opinion the decision, if com plied with, will be of benefit to St. Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth. Grain whichhere tofore could not reach Duluth will do so now. The claim set up by the railroadB that the transit system has done much to build up tho milling system appears to bo indis putable but, on the other hand, thefarmer has suffered. The shippers have been obliged to protect themselves from an accumulation or rebate freights, and the only way in which this could be done was to reduce the price of wheat. The railroads may refuse to comply with the decision of tho commissioners, but in that case the law will be appealed to. If that is not strong enough the legislature, at its next session, will be called upon to exact a law sufficient to meet the emergency. The com missioners, in considering the matter, had in mind the relief of the farmers from the burdens that had been imposed upon them by the railroads. They had made an effort to secure free trade in grain, which they hoped would be successful. DEVIL'S LAKE TRAGEDY. Important Decision on the Claim of Fred Ward, Who Was Killed at Devil's Lake —The Claim Given to Ward's Daughter. Assistant Secretary Jenks, of theinterior department, has decided that Edna RoBe Ward, tho little daughter of Fred Ward, who was killed by a mob at Devil's Lake April 22, 1883, is entitled to the quarter section of land for which her father lost his life. The decision vindicates the Ward brothers in their right to this claim, and is important as a precedent in similar land cases. By the decision it is estab lished that an alien who has not declared his intention of becoming a citizen ac quires no right by settling on pub lic lands. The wrongful removal of a set tler's house by an adverse claimant does not affect liis rights, and the guardian of a minor heir of a deceased pre-emptor can file a declaratory statement and complete the claim. It will be remembered that John Bell, who was not a citizen of the United States, settled on the claim in question. Township plat was filed Sept. 20, 1882. Bell filed on the claim tlio day of the alleged settlement, July 1, 1882. E. P. Ward, the guardian of Fred Ward's child, filed a pre-emption declaratory statement Dec. 21, alleging the settlement Feb. 21, 1883, nearly eight months later than Hell's. The testimony showed that Bell was on the land in June, 1882, and built a sod house, in Febuary, 1883, he built a frame house. He had broken five Acres ot land at this time. Fred Ward put a shan ty on the claim Feb. 21, and in two hours a mob of twenty men removed it. On April 7 Bell filed a declaration of his in tention to become a citizen. On April 22 Ward put another house in place. That night he and Iris brother were shot and killed. The decision of the department is: While Bell was still an alien, Ward placed his house on the laud. His action was not a forcible instrusion upon the land. Bell at that time was disqualified from ac quiring land. Ward initiated a valid set tlement. The removal of the house, could not destroy his claim. The land was un surveyed and unenclosed. The law was ample to protect Bell's rights, and there seems to be no excuBOfor the violence which caused the death of the Ward brothers. A careful examination ot the testimony fails to show that Ward did not make his settlement in good faith, and tho peculiar circumstances attend ing tho removal of his first slianty, taken in connection with the facts sur rounding his death, would seem to furnish sufficient excuse for his absence from the land in the interim. Tho land is now of considerable value, and will prove a fortune for the little child whose rights have now been established be yond appeal. It was understood at tho time that Bell was acting for a syndicate of speculators. *•1- Massachusetts- Republicans. The Massachusetts Republican Conven tion at Springfield nominated the following State ticket: Governor, George D. Robin son Lieutenant governor,Oliver Ames Sec retary of stato.IJenry B. Pierce State treas urer and receiver general, A. W. Beard Audi tor, Charles R. Ladd Attorney general, Edgar L. Sherman. Hon. G. F. Hoar was elected permanent president, and mode a lengthy address, in which he welcomed back those.who had wandered from the party in the past ridiculed those who charged the Republican party with waving the "bloody shirt" and especially defended John Sherman' from such a charge, llo reviewed the policies of tho two parties during the past twenty-five years, and stated tho only piece of legisla tion which the Democratic party had originated and carried through was the Bland silver bill. He commended some of the acts of President Cleveland and many of his words in regard to civil service re form, bbt said an administration must be judged by its acts and not by its words. The platform is of the'same tenor. Sold Her Daughter's Honor. London cable: A great scandal is just now agitating Berlin society. An aged artist, who is a professor in the academy of arts and a senator, lias been ar rested on the c'-.argo of corrupting a young girl who is the sister of his model. The motherofthegirlischarged with receiving 63|000 marks as the price of the betrayal of her daughter. She surrendered this aged Bcoundrol to the law only when she found that it wns impossible to bleed him any more. At a previous trial the professor swore that the charge made by tho mother was false, and the mother was punished for the alleged crime. The true facts have been coming out during a fresh trial of the charges on an appeal by tho woman's counsel. A person of high rank, who was wanted to give important testimony, has levanted and refused to return. i. "yi'jw.11* /V5 foesn't Bwywu" 1 Complaining Undertaker. "Here is a man who is always com plaining because more people don't e," sad clerk E. F. Page, who has charge of the death certificates and burial permits in the health office, one day last week, as an elderly man with never changing expression" of counte nance appeared at the little window in front of Mr. Page's desk and handed in a solitary death certificate. "Is that all, Mr. P" a^ked the clerk. "Only one to-day," replied the un dertaker, mournfully. "I've been down in South Brooklyn a good many years, and I never knew business so dull as it is now. I don't know what will become of us if it don't pick up soon," he added With a sigh. Just then another undertaker, a young man full of dash ar.d vigor, walked in with a lively step, whistling •See-saw." He knew" the other un dertaker, likewise his chronic habit of compla ng. "Hello, old man," he exclaimed, slapping the elderly man of the craft on the back, and making a jump clean to the floor. "How is ousiness with jou?" "Well, replied the other sorrowful ly, "it ain't very good down my way now-a-days, you know. We are not very busy. Somehow or other people don't seem to in my neighborhood as they used to. It's either that or two other things. "What are they?" "Some one elss is getting the jobs, or else none of my fr ends are dying. How is business with you?" "BoomiDg," replied the young man hand:ng the clerk four certificates. "How's that?" "That's the way it ought to be. I used to bring four or five down here every morning regularly, but now I've dropped down to one, and some days I don't have any. I think I'll have to into some other business if trade pick up.", "I wouldn't do that. Justwait out side and maybe you'll have plenty to do again." "1 doubt it th'ngs have been dull so long. Pe.haps, though." he sad, br'gh'ening up a bit, "cholera may come here th:s summer, and then trade would be a little better, I guess. I hope so, anyhow." "Cholera!" shouted the voting un dertaker, "cholera we don't want any cholera here. I'm sure I don't, and you ought not to. Why, old man, if cholera came here you'd be one of the first it would take hold of, and then what good would your business be to you? No cholera for me. You can have all you want of it, and I hope if it comes you will keep it down in your neighborhood. Good by, old man. I hope you'll have more cert ficates next t'me meet you." With this the young man went out, leaving the other to fold his solitary burial permit and p::t .t in h's wallet, mu tering the while that some people had all the good luck and o.hers all the bad. The Bee—His Life and Habits. What lesson of industry the little bees teach as they busily flit from one sweet flower to another, gether.ng the honey and ollen on the way and they are not selfish ther, for their work is for others as well as them selves. These honey bees are called the workers of the hive, for it is their business to attend to the wants of the queen bee and the drones, and to take care of the little bees. They ga her the food for all these, and keep the house, as it were, swept and garn shed. Then they make the wax for the honey comb, excavate the wonderful little cells and fill them with clear, sweet boney. Therefore, with such numer ous duties to attend to, it is not sur prising that they- are called "biuv bees,,rand when one considers that a piece of comb 14 inches long by 7 inches wide, containing about 1"000 cells can be constructed by the bees of one hive in twenty-four hours, it certainly proves that their title is well earne4- The cells in the combs are first used for breeding the insects, for in them the queen bee lays the egg which is soon transformed to the larva state. The little creature then spins a white lken cocoon, in which it wraps itself until it becomes a perfect bee, and then makes its way from the cell to take its part in the busy throng. The cell of a queen bee is made somewhat dili'erently from those of either the drones or the workers, for it is more spacious,, and the food pro vided for its occupant diflers from that intended for the common larva, as it is a translucent, jelly-l:ke substance, wh le the others are only given the bee-bread, or partly diges'ted pol lenand honey. If a hive is by accident or design left queenless, the bees are for a time thrown into a state of great consterna tion, and cease their work, seeming to hold consultation in order to dec:de what they shall do. They then begin working again most industriously, that they may repair their loss, in the fol lowing manner: Three adjacent work-cells are formed into one, by cutting away the separating walls, and the occupants of two are des troyed. The common food is all re moved, and the remaining larva pro vided with the food which the bees prepare for royalty. After a few days' dwelling in the more spacious cell, a h'gher degree of temperature, and a more dainty food, the common larva is most wonderfully transformed into a queen-bee, and royalty is at once again at the head of the busy little community. The senses of bees is verv acute, and they are thus enabled to find the sweetest flowers. The clover, for in stance, is one of their favorites, and from Ihe white clover the sweetest and most delicate honey is said to be pro duced. The flowers of the linden or bass-wood also supply the best honey, and the sweet mignonette is one of the most valuable honey plants. The worker-bee is furnished with a honey-sac, a wax pocket and a pollen basket its abdomen consists of six joints or rings, and under the four middle one3, the wax-pocket, or or gans for the secretion of wax is situa ted A jo.nt of the hind tarsi is so shaped as to form a pollen-basket, and the legs are provided with hairs which collect the pollen or flower dust. This the insect brushes into its pollen basket. The bee is provided with a sort of flexible proboscis which it plunges into the flower, and thus laps up the honey, part of which enters the stomach, but the larger part into the honey-sac, and when the insect has gathered as much honey as it can car ry, it makes a "bee-line for home, and no matter how far distant the hive may be, the little creature swerves not from its course. When the hive is reached the bee, by means of certain muscles provided for tho purpose, presses the honey from the honey-sac back through its mouth and then into the sell« of the comb. When a swarm of bees is about to seek a new abode, the workers gorge themselves with honey, and upon en tering the home suspend themselves in festoons by hooking their claws to gether, and hang motionless from the top of the hive for many hours. In the meantime the digested honey ba comes a peculiar oil, and scales collect in beneath the abdominal rings. One of the workers then with his claw draws a scale of wax from its body, and with the mouth works and crum bles it until it issues in a sort of soft, pliable ribbon. The other bees follow the example of their leader, and soon an arch of wax is built on the ceiling of the hive. In this the first founda tion of cells is excavated, and othejs are afterward built up around them. The workers always remove from their homes any particles that may mar its neatness, or if some intruding object should prove too large for them to dislodge, they at once completely and skillfully seal over the object with wax. Thus, if a difficulty cannot be overcome in one way they ingeniously resort to some other. They are mod els of neatness in their little homes, and U6e to the best advantage what may be called their talents in the way of ingenuity and skill. Therefore these little insects are objects of ntere3t, not only because of the wpnderful result of their worK, but for their many good examples, which might well be~ fol lowed. A Fish That Almo3t Talks. A naturalist fishing on the Florida reefs tells of the wonders of the finny deep in a letter to the Aew York Eve ning Post: After this the fish caught were of the greatest variety. They were snappers, yellow-tails, "porgies, groupers, hogtish, sharks, rays and smaller fry of almost endless variety, that were generally tossed back, to bft perhap3, caught again on another oc casion. The splashing of the lishes as the fell into the'well was almost contin uous, and this inclosure soon presented an animated appearance. One fish that was caught on all the small hooks, and seemed to he extremely fond of crayfish, was called a grunt, and well named, as no sooner did it get its capacious mouth above water than it commenced a series of grunts and groans that could be heard from one ead of the vessel to the other. I held one of the grunts to my ear, to en deavor to find out how the sound was made. I have been fortunate in hold ing converse, so to speak,with several kinds of fi lies. I have hoard the mu calnote of the eel, the plaint ve note of the Hippoeamus, the drumming of the Pogon as, the wh rring of the giz zard shad, the hum of the catfish have been startied by the croaker bark of the dogfish, but never before I heard a fish scold, aui that in various noi.es—now it would be a short croak, then rising, would seem to amount to a veritable scream, all this time its comical eyes rolling about to the full est extent of the lish roll, wh:ch, it must le confessed, is not much. The iuforma' ion which 1 got from this talking lish was not of very much im portance. 1 sat on the rail, hold ng one in each hand, like a Punch ana Judv showman, now one doing all the grunting, '.hen th other, then both would jo in, and. as JY.ck sa d, "If it ain't talkin,' what is it?" By hold ing the grunt near my ear, I at first thought that the noise originated in the sw mm ng bladder. it had a "way-oil" internal ring to it, but in the other fish I thought I saw a con vulsive movement of the jaws, and came to the conclusion that, in that case, it was due to the lips or pharvn- fnownor eal, intcrmax lh-.ry bones, as" is to be the case in certain other fishes, as the carp, tt'nch and others. Whether these lishes utter the sounds under water is not known, but over seventy different specics are known to utter sounds when removed from the nat ve clement, and, in some cases, explanations of one kind and another arejr.ven. Thus the genera Tigra and Zeus, the tmimming" bladder has a aphragin and certain muscles that open and shut it, and tho sounds they utter are supposed to come from the escape of gas or a from it. In the sea horse the voice is sa to be there suit of the vibrat on of certain mus cles. The great drum-fish is such a sound-producer that people have been kept awake aboard ship by it but to the grunt we give the prize as being the champion talker among fishes. Industrial Education A document of much interest has ap peared in the first annual report of the Industrial Educat.onal Association of New York. Th.s association was or .n zed, as its name impl es, to further the cause of industrial educat oa, by obtaining and ssem:nat ng infotma tion relat.ve to the sub ei-t, by invest gat ng and devising systems of techni cal training, and by providing in struct.on where possible. The report of the association shows that no small advance has already been made in the direction of tra niug in various insti tut.ons in the metropolis and its vicin ity. Some of these are schools spec.al ly established to provide technical in struction, others are asylums and re formatories in which such instruction is given inc dentally. Notwithstand ing the progress already made, how ever, the possible field is far from be ing adequately covered, and much work still remains to be done by those who, like members of the associat on. would extend tho benefits of industr al education. One of the plans proposed by the association with this end in view seems deserving of encourage ment. With a view of identifying flie movement with the publ schools of New York, the association has ap plied for the use of a school bu lding one afternoon a week, for the purpose of holding classes in sewing, domestic economy, designing, modeling, car pentry and the use of tools, after reg ular school hours, the association to assume the ent.re care and expense, and to keep the classes open at all times to the inspection of teachers and trustees of the publ schools. This seeim to be a plan for the carrying out of which special advantages are af forded in a large city where, also, owing to the fierceness of the compe tition the struggle for a livelihood, the need of training for the practical work of life is most severely felt. Little four-year-old Lulu was very much afraid in tho dark, and for that reason had great dread of bed-time. Compla,n.ng of this to a friend one day, she was told that if she should al ways remember that "darkness and light are alike to God," she would no longer be afraid. The next mornin° upon entering the breakfast-room thl little one exclaimed:44Well, Mrs. replied Lulu, "I 'membered it, but the fraid is in me and can't be got out of 1 '~4''- -v. K1 •v ,T- '4