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.u rail i\ 'v l-i f:i. 1- •. Sfe* t» '$?*• if v, m, if T'- ikl 'Ai? -'v\ -i*g--r--' ,w Ir^ i1-4 ^Wi,\ 1 I -Y ^,"u i% Jerv-cE^'^"*'«"" .. .^.v- A $? W^ I.•--• aSKV" THELANDARMY OF AMERICA HWoou Fun Hand*) Hf By JESSE LYNCH WILLIAMS Of Th• Vtgttantt -'. "I had to hire them for my farm be cause I couldn't getmen. .Neigh boring farmers who borrowed some of them later hated to admit, that they were more efficient: than man workers, but had to The farmer who wrote those words employed 25 girls last summer to get In his crops, some of them girls frorii the "seasonal trades" out of a Job, others students or college graduates out for a vacation, but few, if any, of them experienced farm hands. He im.de two important discoveries. First, that they were good workers. Second, that this kind of work was good for women, anT as this farmer is none other than Doctor Sargent, the direc tor of physical training, he ought to know. He adds that he did not have a chance to try them at-plowing or heavy work, though they can do that too, but at other kinds of farm work he found them in all ways the equal and in some ways the superior of men. They do not average as strong as men, though In proportion to their weight they are, but they made up in care and thorough ness what they lacked in "heft," and they did not loaf on the job when the boss \vas not looking. Women are nearly always more conscientious than the "superior sex." Has Come to Stay. The Woman's Land Army of Amer ica is still a new thing in most parts of the country but It has come to stay and the sooner the farmers of America get that idea through their heads and live down their old-fashioned preju dice against this "new-fangled notion" the better for them and for the coun try. Every man released from the farm means one more man for the army or for other war work not done by women. A year ago almost every farmer In the country shared this impractical •and unpatriotic prejudice. Such preju dices die hard. All our prejudices about.women die hard. I will give an amusing illustration. Last summer a number of "units" were employed in various parts of Westchester county, New York. A "unit" means a squad of woman workers (a "gang," we might call it, if they were men) who live and work together under the charge of a competent older woman experienced in agriculture, a sort of forewoman who manages the whole outfit, which in cludes their own cook and »food and bedding. The farmer does not supply MEETING THE EMERGENCY By VIVIAN M. MOSES Of Thm Vigttantes When H. G. Wells called the present war the war of machines he had in mind the vast quantities of engines of war used at the front—the ordnance, both large and small, the bomb-mor tars and mine-throwers, gas-projectors, airphines and tanks employed in the actual fighting. But there is another sense in which this is the war of ma chines even more truly tlnin that in which the great British novelist used the term: l'or on the machines in the fehops and factories of the allied na tions depends an allied victory—on tlie machines and the men who drive them. _s__ As has been the case with each of her allies, the United States since it entered the war has had to Increase stupendously the output of its machine shops. This result is being accom plished by the erection of new plants, by the enlargement and increase in fa cilities of the shops already engaged in the production of war products, and by the conversion to this purpose of plants previously engaged in other work. The problem of multiplying the shops to work in is a comparatively simple one more difficult is the prob lem of supplying the skilled workpen to fill these shops. Obviously we cannot quadruple our skilled workmen by the old methods of apprenticeship and training fast enough to meet the nation's needs. The old method has been found want ing. It consisted in taking the raw, unskilled laborer into the shop, start ing him at the simplest work that could be found, and letting him fight his way slowly and painfully to the status of a trained mechanic. It was a method which wasted the three pre cious elements, time, material and man-power. New Way Was Found. The training accomplished by pri vate and public vocational and tech nical schools brings far better result*, but produces too small a quantity of skilled mechanics to meet the emer gency. Trance found a new way. Great Britain has adopted it. And *no*w America must get in line—is already getting in line, in fact, with gratifying results. For the new method is swift, Is sure, is comparatively cheap. It turns the grocer boy or the school teacher into a skilled mechanic with equal facility., It is the method of the shop training school. ih- Shop training schools are now main- y--:: anything except the wages ind po» sibly a place to put qp a few tents. The farmer's, wife has no Mother or extra work lu the matter at all. Well, every one of these units In Westches ter county made good, and there were exactly as many surprised farmers In Westchester county as there were units. At the end of the season each employer was asked, "Will you em ploy woman farm hands again next year?" Each farther made exactly the same reply, "Yes, If I can get the same women." Each thought that he had happened to have the* luck to get the Italy good bunch of girls! Sly, shrewd fellows, those farmers! For it seemed to them quite obvious that women as a class could not be good farm laborers. A perfectly natural prejudice. Men as a class have always had the same cer tainty that women Could never be good at anything "outside of the home" un til they went out and made good at everything from voting and doctoring to driving ambulances, and even at fighting in the. trenches when the ne cessity. arose over In poor betrayed Russia. Kept Island From Starving. American farmers, however, are the most enlightened in the world. Per haps it will not take them so long to get the idea into their, heads as it re quired to beat it into, the British brain. In England, even after the scarcity of farm labor had become more acute than It is here now, the "woman's^ land army" movement was almost blighted by masculine prejudice Until the gov ernment became alarmed and turned a clever trick. Prizes were oifered at the county fairs for public competitions for woman workers in various depart ments of farm work. This aroused considerable curiosity and created a great deal of discussion. The question, however, was not whether girls could do farm work, but which girl could do it best! Big crowds gathered. Bets were made. Rivalry ran high. And when it was demonstrated before the astonished eyes of the British farmers that these "farm lassies,'' ae they now affectionately term their "farmerettes" over there, not only knew their job but were experts at it, the prejudice broke down and the country was saved. The woman's land army of England, now 300,000 strong, has kept the island from starving. This patriotic fact has been publicly acknowledged in parlia ment. There are already 17 states of the Union organized under the Woman's Land Army of America, and in New York alone 3,000 farmerettes are regis tered for this season. It is a fine pa triotic service, a good thing for the farmer who calk thus get good sober, industrious laborers at a cheap rate, a good thing for the girls, who can thus get a wholesome outing as well as fair wages, and the best thing of all for the nation,-which needs food and needs men, and1 needs tliem at once. tained by most of the larger metal working plants engaged in manufao ture of war products. They are spaces set aside for this purpose alone, and equipped with machines of every type used in the shops proper. An ex pert mechanic especially selected for. his aptitude for this work is in charge in each of these shops, and under him other skilled mechanics act as teach ers. Here are received the raw or un dertralned applicants for work. They are assigned to the types of work to which they best seem fitted, and quick ly and practically instructed in this work at the very machines which they will have to operate In the main shops. They work with the materials and on the actual orders upon which the shop Is engaged and the product of their labors becomes a part of the output of the shop. They are paid a fair hour ly, wage as learners, and this wage In creases as the skill of the learner en ables him to increase his output. The results obtained in these shop training schools are almost beyond be lief. The ideal conditions under which a raw man is taught to handle ills ma chine enable him to become a skilled mechanic In a small fraction of the time formerly consumed in the old method under which he picked up knowledge bit by bit in the shop from such other workmen as had time to help him. Mechanics Are Need&l. For example, here, .in a New Eng land shop, is a grocer's man, after a week's training, operating his milling machine effectively, and reading the blue-print related to his work. Here, in an Ohio shop, are three girls for merly employed in a department store they are now operating heavy hand turret lathes on work requiring great precision and the length of their training required variously from three f:o ten days. "Here is a particularly capable wom an," says an expert from-one of the greatest American war factories, visit ing another shop (speaking of one who was probably a teacher). "How long have you been here?" he asks this product of the shop training school. "I came yesterday," replies the woman, who is working a great turret-lathe. America needs skilled mechanics, and needs them greatly. The shop training schools will supply this need, quickly and efficiently/ To the em ployer they offer the surest method of supplying the trained operators with out which ills machines cannot turn. To the individual seeking employment or willing take a place In the swell ing ranks of those providing the sinews of war for the American gov ernment, the shop training schools provide the opportunity for becoming, without undergoing a long period of training or -probation, skilled mechan ics, worthy of and receiving the won drously high rates of payment which trained labor Is commanding. May Be Developed in Georgette in Any Desired Shade. Same Design Might Be Used for Wash Dress, Using Printed and Plain Voile or Silk Gingham. .. The smart little frock shown In sketch, .designed for a young girl, may be developed in georgette in any pre ferred shade with bandings of em broidered or plain satin. Small wood en beads edge the satin band on the Russian blouse peplym, on the sleeves and at the neck. This sai»e design might be used for a wash dress, using printed and plain voile or checked silk gingham' with plain color chambray or handkerchief linen. For the half-grown girl whose fig ure Is not sufficiently developed to Young Girl's Dress of Georgette and Satin. make the straight, chemise-type dress becoming, these little Russian blouse effects are perennially popular, regard less of season. A graceful feature of the dress pic tured is the wide sash of self-fabric tied at one side. This may be plain, as shown, or the ends may be banked in satin edged with beads. On the little tailored serge dresses now being shown for fall wear, in numerable small round fabric covered or crochet buttons are used as trim ming. Frequently panels, which ap pear on all sorts of garments, are edged all about with buttons set close together, and again a slashed skirt of serge will be edged with buttons, and open over a petticoat of satin. But tons and fringe share honors as trim mlng, with embroidery holding its own, and it is interesting to note that one of the very new types of embroidery is that done in a heavy silk twist, so heavy and so firmly twisted as to ap pear like cord. This silk twist or cord is often used In a color contrasting with the serge of which the frock is made, to form a button-hole stitch all around the edges of panel^ sleeves, collar and sometimes sash or belt, and with very good effect. There has recently been revived a determined effort to create interest In American designing. Paris has sent over little that was distinctive or dif ferent in the past tiiree years. The early showing of garments for fall Is largely of American design, and It may well be patched with interest. SHOPPING BAGS AND BASKETS Spacious Carry-Alls Serve for Various Purposes, but Not Satisfactory for Going to Market. Now that most of us carry more packages than we ever did before, we are learning to use bags for shopping. Of course, in some places there are city ordinances against carrying knit ting bags into the shops. A good deal of shoplifting has been carried on un der the protection of these capacious carry-alls. But, nevertheless, we find the big knitting bags a great conven ience for the stowing of small parcels. When we go marketing most of us pre fer a basket, and the shops show stout baskets, with handles by means of which they may be hung over the arm and these are better for carrying spin ach and peaches In them than is a knit ting bag. They come in all sorts of prices. Of course, you can get a bas ket of suitable size for going market ing for $5, but you can also get one for fl or so. It pays to get .one that is stout and serviceable, with jointed han dles, If possible—that is, handles that swing backhand forth. Devil Blue Is Latest. Devil blue Is the latest choice made for neckwear accessories. Whether the color itself has a special charm or not It doesn't matter the popularity if the French soldiers, who wear the aniform from which it takes its name, started the craze for the color. T.'«BU--tr*»*a I THE HOPE PIONEER FROCK FOR A GIRL TO MAKE YOUR TREASURE BAG 8lmple Instructions for Making the EverHandy Convenience Needed in Every Home. A piece of blue and white flowered ribbon, half yard in length and six Inches wide, a bit of the same ribbon three and a.half Inches square, a bit of white satin ribbon of the same di mensions, a piece of white satin ribbon half a yard in length and two inches wide, a yard and a half of white silk cord, some white embroidery silk and a cardboard circle three inches in diameter, are all that are required for the manufacture of the bag itself. The cardboard circle Is covered on one side with the small piece of blue •and white ribbon, and on the other •v/lth the white ribbon, the whole whip ped neatl: together with white sewing silk. This forms the bottom of the bag, with the blqe and white ribboR on the outside and the white on the In side. To It Is fulled the half-yard length of blue and white flowered rib bon. At the top a half-inch heading is turned down and fentherstitched along the outside of the bag, with the white silk. Through this is drawn the white silk cord. The ends are cut and knotted and the outside of the bag is then finished. The white satin ribbon is hemmed neatly together and whip ped along Its lower edge to the inside of the bag, just above the cardboard bottom. Featherstltching of the White silk, on the outside of the bag, divides the white satin ribbon into 10 neat little compartments, each with its, pocket top left open. QUILTING IS EVER POPULAR Style of Trimming Is 8mart and Serve* in Various Capacities to Add Beauty to Garments. No manner of trimming is smarter than quilting this seslson, and beautiful quilting is quite as difficult to do as beautiful embroidery. The stitches must be tiny and perfectly even, and the lines of the pattern must be per fectly spaced, so that the design will show up effectively. A very handsome frock of midnight bine taffeta, seen the other day, had a tunic bordered with 8 inches of quilt ing, and the pattern was repeated on the sleeves and on panels at back and front of the bodice. To make quilting of this sort the ma terial is underlaid with-very thin sheet wadding,' and the quilting stitches are set through the outer material and wadding. Then the quilted portion is faced with" thin silk or with the mate rial of the frock, if it is not too heavy. Quilted angora is especially smart Just now. Vests of quilted angora show in the open fronts of new cape coats, and there are waistcoats of quilted angora for wear with street suits. Such a waistcoat accompanies 'a taupe cheviot suit, the waistcoat being in lighter taupe shade, and the quilting is done with still lighter taupe silk. A blue cloth cape Is lined with scarlet satin and has a blue angora vestee quilted elaborately with red silk. NEAT NAVY BLUE SATIN GOWN The stylishly dressed women delight In having this navy blue satin gown with a Ioo*a panel wejqhed with fcinge. Renovates Silk Embroidery. Silk embroidery may be cleaned with a camel-hair brush dipped in spirits* of wine and rubbed over the embroid ery. The brash should be frequently rinsed in some spare spirit to removi the dirt. The embroidery need not bf removed from the «at«ient it trims. K-i S'MiS. GET RETURNS FROM POULTRY On Many Farms Products From Fowls Can Be Counted on as Practically Clear Profit (Prepared by the United States Depart ment of Agriculture.) The farmer who raises the ordinary grains and keeps some live stock has perhaps the greatest opportunity that has ever come to him for making profit from poultry. The possibilities for profit are perhaps not so large as they used to be for tjie special poultry farmer, and. that fact may have led some general farmers to believe that the situation applies, in some way to them but there exists just here an nnnsual paradox. The very conditions that may make poultry and egg pro duction a losing enteiftrlse on the spe cialized poultry farm tend to make it an increasingly gainful one for the general farmer. -Where nearly all of his feed has to be bought at high prices, the margin between cost of pro ductldh and proceeds from sale be comes extremely tyrrow, but where practically all of the poultry feed is made up of waste .materials that would otherwise not be utilized in any man ner, the percentage of profit becomes very much larger when prices are high than it ever could have been when prices were low. Poultry on the farm obtain a very great part of their feed by fortfgiag, by gleaning the waste from stable yards and feeding lots, by consuming the scraps from the kitchen door, by preying upon Insect pests In pasture and field, and In only a relatively small degree from grain or other commodities that would be marketable. A farmer whose poul try is fed In this way may count all of the money received for eggs and surplus poultry as practically clear profit. When, therefore, eggs and poultry are selling at higher prices than have usually been obtainable, the farmer's margin of profit without ex penditure is very greatly increased. It is, therefore, to the farmers of the country that the nation must look for the greater part of the immedi ate Increase of poultry products which will make it possible to supply our own army and navy with red meats and at the same time furnish the allies with the animal foods they need. DISINFECTION OF HENHOUSE Structure 8hould Be Thoroughly Cleaned Out and Sprayed at Least Once Every Year. (Prepared by the United" States Depart ment of Agriculture.) Once a year the poultry house should be thoroughly cleaned out and sprayed with one of the coal tar disinfectants or given a good coat of whitewash containing 5 per cent of crude car bolic acid or creosol. Unless the ex terior is painted, a coat of whitewash will help preserve the lumber and give a neater appearance to the building. Spring is one of the best seasons to clean up and whitewash the poultry house. A well-made whitewash is the Bucket Spray Pump, Useful in Dlsln* fecting Chicken House. chenpesrof all paints, and If properly made serves equally well either for ex terior or interior surfaces. A good whitewash can be made by slaking about 10 pounds of quicklime in a pall with 2 gallons of water, covering the pall- with cloth or bur lap and allowing It to slake for one hour. Water is then added to bring .. the whitewash to a consistency which may be applied readily. A wa terproof whitewash for exterior sur facep may be made as follows: (1) Slake 1 bushel of quicklime In 12 gallons of hot water, (2) dissolve 2 pounds of common salt and 1 pound o'f sulphate of zinc In 2 gallons of boiling water pour (2) Into (1), and add 2 gallons of skim milk and mix thoroughly. Whitewash is" spread lightly over the surface with a broad brush. Guineas Gaining Favor. Guinea fowls are ^sewing, in favor, as a substitute for game birds, with the result that guinea raising is be coming more profitable. Purebred Fowls Best ,t If you are raising scrub chickens. vou certainly are not making near thf imount that you could If you had pure bred fowls. .• "x •. NFIOVED OMROM NTEIIIITIONII SMfSOHQL (Br Rev. P. B. FFTZWATKR, S. D.„ Teacher of English Bible in the Moody Bible Institute of, Chicago.) (Copyright, 1818, by Wmtern Newgptper tTnloa.) LESSON FOR SEPTEMBER 1 80ME LAWS OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD. LESSON TEXTS—Luke 6:30-% 21:1-4. GOLDEN TEXT—Remember the word* of the Lord Jesus, how he said, it Is mor» blessed to give than to receive.—Acts 20 85. DEVOTIONAL READING—H Cortn. thians 9:6-16. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL TOR TEACHERS—Luke-16:9 Romans 13:8 IX Corinthians 9:6-16 Hebrews 13:16 Bsra 1: X-t I Chronicles 29:1-6. The principles of ethics which shall prevail In the earth when Jesus Christ shall be king are entirely different from those of the world. The worldly spirit always inquires as to what gain will accrue from an action or service. Its policy Is doing good for the sake of getting good. Those who have been made partakers of the divine nature, who are really subjects of the king dom, do good because they have the nature and spirit of God, not because they expect something in return. I. Give to Every Man That Asketh of Tllee (v. SO). This does not mean that any request that may be made by the Idle, greedy and selfish should be granted. Only evil would result from such indiscrimi nate and unregulated giving. Such benevolence Would foster'Idleness and selfishness. Oftentimes the worst thing you can do for a man is to give him money. The drunkard will only spend it for more drink the gambler will continue his dissipation. The meaning then is, give to the one ask ing the thing wh|ch he needs. The man In poverty needs to be given away to earn his living, rather than to be given money without the necessity of labor. There is that in the human heart which refuses .charity, and cries out for a means to honestly gain a livelihood. II. Of Him That Taketh Away Thy Goods, Ask Them Not Again (v. 30). "Ask" here means demand. It doubt less forbids the forcible demanding of the return of that which has been taken from .one. III. DQ to Other Men as You Would That They 8hould Do Unto You (vr. 81-34). This ethic puts life's activities on the highest possible ground. He does not say, refrain from doing that which yon would not like to be done to you,, as even Confucius taught but to pos itively make the rule of your life the doing to others as yon would wish them to do unto you. Loving those who love us, doing good to those who do good to us, and lending to those from whom we hope to receive, is Just what all the sinners of the world are doing. The child of the kingdom of Christ is to be different iy. Love fr Vour Enemies (v. 35). That which is natural to the human heart is to hate the enemy. To, love In the real sense means to sincerely desire the good of even one's enemy and willingness to do anything pos sible, to bring that good. Such action is only possible to those who have been born again. Christ loved those who hated him. He was willing even to die for his enemies. V. Lend, Hoping for Nothing Again (v. 35). This is what the Heavenly Father is constantly doing. He Is kind and gra cious unto the unthankful and the wicked. He sends his rain and sun shine upon the unjust and sinners. He makes fruitful the toll of those who blaspheme his name. Hp thus does be cause it is his nature to so do. VI. Be Merciful (v. 36). The example for the imitation of the disciple is the Heavenly Father. VII. Judge Not (v. 37). To judge does not mean the placing of just estimates upon mqn's actions and lives, for, "By their fraits ye shall know them." The tree is judged by the fruit it bears. The thorn tree does not bear figs, nor.the apple tree bear grapes. Our only way of discerning the character of men and women is their actions. That which is con demned is censorious judgment—the Impugning of motives. Villi Condemn Not (v. 37). This means that we should not pass sentence upon men fer their acts, for to their own master they stand or fall (Rom. 14:4). The real reason why such action is not warranted is that the bias of our hearts and the limita tion of our judgments render it im possible to righteously and intelli gently pass judgment IX. Forgive (v. 37.) Those who forgive shall be f&rgiveii. The one who has realized the forgiv ing mercy of God will be gracious and 'forgiving toward othersi XI. Liberality Determined by What Is Left (Luke 21:1-4). The rich cast into the treasury much, but it was from their abundance. The poor widow cast in all that she had there was nothing left. God estimates a gift by what one has left, not by the size of the gift. To give the wid ow's mite Is to give all. For the mil lionaire to give the wldow's'mlte would mean for him to give his millions. Genius and Taste. To say nothing of its holiness or authority the Bible contains more specimens of genius and taste than my other volume in existence.—Lonr