The Hope pioneer. [volume], August 29, 1918, Image 6

About The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964

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THELANDARMY
OF AMERICA
HWoou Fun Hand*)
Hf
By
JESSE LYNCH WILLIAMS
Of Th• Vtgttantt
-'. "I had to hire them for my farm be
cause I couldn't getmen. .Neigh
boring farmers who borrowed some of
them later hated to admit, that they
were more efficient: than man workers,
but had to
The farmer who wrote those words
employed 25 girls last summer to get
In his crops, some of them girls frorii
the "seasonal trades" out of a Job,
others students or college graduates
out for a vacation, but few, if any, of
them experienced farm hands. He
im.de two important discoveries. First,
that they were good workers. Second,
that this kind of work was good for
women, anT as this farmer is none
other than Doctor Sargent, the direc
tor of physical training, he ought to
know.
He adds that he did not have a
chance to try them at-plowing or heavy
work, though they can do that too, but
at other kinds of farm work he found
them in all ways the equal and in some
ways the superior of men. They do
not average as strong as men, though
In proportion to their weight they are,
but they made up in care and thorough
ness what they lacked in "heft," and
they did not loaf on the job when the
boss \vas not looking. Women are
nearly always more conscientious than
the "superior sex."
Has Come to Stay.
The Woman's Land Army of Amer
ica is still a new thing in most parts
of the country but It has come to stay
and the sooner the farmers of America
get that idea through their heads and
live down their old-fashioned preju
dice against this "new-fangled notion"
the better for them and for the coun
try. Every man released from the farm
means one more man for the army
or for other war work not done by
women.
A year ago almost every farmer In
the country shared this impractical
•and unpatriotic prejudice. Such preju
dices die hard. All our prejudices
about.women die hard. I will give an
amusing illustration. Last summer a
number of "units" were employed in
various parts of Westchester county,
New York. A "unit" means a squad of
woman workers (a "gang," we might
call it, if they were men) who live and
work together under the charge of a
competent older woman experienced in
agriculture, a sort of forewoman who
manages the whole outfit, which in
cludes their own cook and »food and
bedding. The farmer does not supply
MEETING THE
EMERGENCY
By VIVIAN M. MOSES
Of Thm Vigttantes
When H. G. Wells called the present
war the war of machines he had in
mind the vast quantities of engines of
war used at the front—the ordnance,
both large and small, the bomb-mor
tars and mine-throwers, gas-projectors,
airphines and tanks employed in the
actual fighting. But there is another
sense in which this is the war of ma
chines even more truly tlnin that in
which the great British novelist used
the term: l'or on the machines in the
fehops and factories of the allied na
tions depends an allied victory—on
tlie machines and the men who drive
them. _s__
As has been the case with each of
her allies, the United States since it
entered the war has had to Increase
stupendously the output of its machine
shops. This result is being accom
plished by the erection of new plants,
by
the enlargement and increase in fa
cilities of the shops already engaged
in the production of war products, and
by the conversion to this purpose of
plants previously engaged in other
work. The problem of multiplying the
shops to work in is a comparatively
simple one more difficult is the prob
lem of supplying the skilled workpen
to fill these shops.
Obviously we cannot quadruple our
skilled workmen by the old methods of
apprenticeship and training fast
enough to meet the nation's needs.
The old method has been found want
ing. It consisted in taking the raw,
unskilled laborer into the shop, start
ing him at the simplest work that
could be found, and letting him fight
his way slowly and painfully to the
status of a trained mechanic. It was
a method which wasted the three pre
cious elements, time, material and
man-power.
New Way Was Found.
The training accomplished by pri
vate and public vocational and tech
nical schools brings far better result*,
but produces too small a quantity of
skilled mechanics to meet the emer
gency.
Trance found a new way. Great
Britain has adopted it. And *no*w
America must get in line—is already
getting in line, in fact, with gratifying
results. For the new method is swift,
Is sure, is comparatively cheap. It
turns the grocer boy or the school
teacher into a skilled mechanic with
equal facility., It is the method of
the shop training school.
ih- Shop training schools are now main-
y--::
anything except the wages ind po»
sibly a place to put qp a few tents.
The farmer's, wife has no Mother or
extra work lu the matter at all. Well,
every one of these units In Westches
ter county made good, and there were
exactly as many surprised farmers In
Westchester county as there were
units. At the end of the season each
employer was asked, "Will you em
ploy woman farm hands again next
year?" Each farther made exactly the
same reply, "Yes, If I can get the same
women."
Each thought that he had happened
to have the* luck to get the Italy good
bunch of girls! Sly, shrewd fellows,
those farmers! For it seemed to them
quite obvious that women as a class
could not be good farm laborers. A
perfectly natural prejudice. Men as a
class have always had the same cer
tainty that women Could never be good
at anything "outside of the home" un
til they went out and made good at
everything from voting and doctoring
to driving ambulances, and even at
fighting in the. trenches when the ne
cessity. arose over In poor betrayed
Russia.
Kept Island From Starving.
American farmers, however, are the
most enlightened in the world. Per
haps it will not take them so long to
get the idea into their, heads as it re
quired to beat it into, the British brain.
In England, even after the scarcity of
farm labor had become more acute
than It is here now, the "woman's^ land
army" movement was almost blighted
by masculine prejudice Until the gov
ernment became alarmed and turned a
clever trick. Prizes were oifered at the
county fairs for public competitions
for woman workers in various depart
ments of farm work. This aroused
considerable curiosity and created a
great deal of discussion. The question,
however, was not whether girls could
do farm work, but which girl could do
it best! Big crowds gathered. Bets
were made. Rivalry ran high. And
when it was demonstrated before the
astonished eyes of the British farmers
that these "farm lassies,'' ae they now
affectionately term their "farmerettes"
over there, not only knew their job
but were experts at it, the prejudice
broke down and the country was saved.
The woman's land army of England,
now 300,000 strong, has kept the island
from starving. This patriotic fact has
been publicly acknowledged in parlia
ment.
There are already 17 states of the
Union organized under the Woman's
Land Army of America, and in New
York alone 3,000 farmerettes are regis
tered for this season. It is a fine pa
triotic service, a good thing for the
farmer who calk thus get good sober,
industrious laborers at a cheap rate,
a good thing for the girls, who can
thus get a wholesome outing as well
as fair wages, and the best thing of all
for the nation,-which needs food and
needs men, and1 needs tliem at once.
tained by most of the larger metal
working plants engaged in manufao
ture of war products. They are spaces
set aside for this purpose alone, and
equipped with machines of every
type used in the shops proper. An ex
pert mechanic especially selected for.
his aptitude for this work is in charge
in each of these shops, and under him
other skilled mechanics act as teach
ers. Here are received the raw or un
dertralned applicants for work. They
are assigned to the types of work to
which they best seem fitted, and quick
ly and practically instructed in this
work at the very machines which they
will have to operate In the main shops.
They work with the materials and on
the actual orders upon which the shop
Is engaged and the product of their
labors becomes a part of the output of
the shop. They are paid a fair hour
ly, wage as learners, and this wage In
creases as the skill of the learner en
ables him to increase his output.
The results obtained in these shop
training schools are almost beyond be
lief. The ideal conditions under which
a raw man is taught to handle ills ma
chine enable him to become a skilled
mechanic In a small fraction of the
time formerly consumed in the old
method under which he picked up
knowledge bit by bit in the shop from
such other workmen as had time to
help him.
Mechanics Are Need&l.
For example, here, .in a New Eng
land shop, is a grocer's man, after a
week's training, operating his milling
machine effectively, and reading the
blue-print related to his work. Here,
in an Ohio shop, are three girls for
merly employed in a department store
they are now operating heavy hand
turret lathes on work requiring great
precision and the length of their
training required variously from
three f:o ten days.
"Here is a particularly capable wom
an," says an expert from-one of the
greatest American war factories, visit
ing another shop (speaking of one
who was probably a teacher). "How
long have you been here?" he asks this
product of the shop training school. "I
came yesterday," replies the woman,
who is working a great turret-lathe.
America needs skilled mechanics,
and needs them greatly. The shop
training schools will supply this need,
quickly and efficiently/ To the em
ployer they offer the surest method of
supplying the trained operators with
out which ills machines cannot turn.
To the individual seeking employment
or willing take a place In the swell
ing ranks of those providing the
sinews of war for the American gov
ernment, the shop training schools
provide the opportunity for becoming,
without undergoing a long period of
training or -probation, skilled mechan
ics, worthy of and receiving the won
drously high rates of payment which
trained labor Is commanding.
May Be Developed in Georgette
in Any Desired Shade.
Same Design Might Be Used for Wash
Dress, Using Printed and Plain
Voile or Silk Gingham. ..
The smart little frock shown In
sketch, .designed for a young girl, may
be developed in georgette in any pre
ferred shade with bandings of em
broidered or plain satin. Small wood
en beads edge the satin band on the
Russian blouse peplym, on the sleeves
and at the neck. This sai»e design
might be used for a wash dress, using
printed and plain voile or checked silk
gingham' with plain color chambray
or handkerchief linen.
For the half-grown girl whose fig
ure Is not sufficiently developed to
Young Girl's Dress of Georgette and
Satin.
make the straight, chemise-type dress
becoming, these little Russian blouse
effects are perennially popular, regard
less of season.
A graceful feature of the dress pic
tured is the wide sash of self-fabric
tied at one side. This may be plain,
as shown, or the ends may be banked
in satin edged with beads.
On the little tailored serge dresses
now being shown for fall wear, in
numerable small round fabric covered
or crochet buttons are used as trim
ming. Frequently panels, which ap
pear on all sorts of garments, are
edged all about with buttons set close
together, and again a slashed skirt of
serge will be edged with buttons, and
open over a petticoat of satin. But
tons and fringe share honors as trim
mlng, with embroidery holding its own,
and it is interesting to note that one of
the very new types of embroidery is
that done in a heavy silk twist, so
heavy and so firmly twisted as to ap
pear like cord. This silk twist or cord
is often used In a color contrasting
with the serge of which the frock is
made, to form a button-hole stitch all
around the edges of panel^ sleeves,
collar and sometimes sash or belt, and
with very good effect.
There has recently been revived a
determined effort to create interest In
American designing. Paris has sent
over little that was distinctive or dif
ferent in the past tiiree years. The
early showing of garments for fall Is
largely of American design, and It may
well be patched with interest.
SHOPPING BAGS AND BASKETS
Spacious Carry-Alls Serve for Various
Purposes, but Not Satisfactory
for Going to Market.
Now that most of us carry more
packages than we ever did before, we
are learning to use bags for shopping.
Of course, in some places there are
city ordinances against carrying knit
ting bags into the shops. A good deal
of shoplifting has been carried on un
der the protection of these capacious
carry-alls. But, nevertheless, we find
the big knitting bags a great conven
ience for the stowing of small parcels.
When we go marketing most of us pre
fer a basket, and the shops show stout
baskets, with handles by means of
which they may be hung over the arm
and these are better for carrying spin
ach and peaches In them than is a knit
ting bag. They come in all sorts of
prices. Of course, you can get a bas
ket of suitable size for going market
ing for $5, but you can also get one for
fl or so. It pays to get .one that is
stout and serviceable, with jointed han
dles, If possible—that is, handles that
swing backhand forth.
Devil Blue Is Latest.
Devil blue Is the latest choice made
for neckwear accessories. Whether
the color itself has a special charm or
not It doesn't matter the popularity
if the French soldiers, who wear the
aniform from which it takes its name,
started the craze for the color.
T.'«BU--tr*»*a
I
THE HOPE PIONEER
FROCK FOR A GIRL
TO MAKE YOUR TREASURE BAG
8lmple Instructions for Making the
EverHandy Convenience Needed
in Every Home.
A piece of blue and white flowered
ribbon, half yard in length and six
Inches wide, a bit of the same ribbon
three and a.half Inches square, a bit
of white satin ribbon of the same di
mensions, a piece of white satin ribbon
half a yard in length and two inches
wide, a yard and a half of white silk
cord, some white embroidery silk and
a cardboard circle three inches in
diameter, are all that are required for
the manufacture of the bag itself.
The cardboard circle Is covered on
one side with the small piece of blue
•and white ribbon, and on the other
•v/lth the white ribbon, the whole whip
ped neatl: together with white sewing
silk. This forms the bottom of the
bag, with the blqe and white ribboR on
the outside and the white on the In
side. To It Is fulled the half-yard
length of blue and white flowered rib
bon. At the top a half-inch heading
is turned down and fentherstitched
along the outside of the bag, with the
white silk. Through this is drawn the
white silk cord. The ends are cut and
knotted and the outside of the bag is
then finished. The white satin ribbon
is hemmed neatly together and whip
ped along Its lower edge to the inside
of the bag, just above the cardboard
bottom. Featherstltching of the White
silk, on the outside of the bag, divides
the white satin ribbon into 10 neat
little compartments, each with its,
pocket top left open.
QUILTING IS EVER POPULAR
Style of Trimming Is 8mart and Serve*
in Various Capacities to Add
Beauty to Garments.
No manner of trimming is smarter
than quilting this seslson, and beautiful
quilting is quite as difficult to do as
beautiful embroidery. The stitches
must be tiny and perfectly even, and
the lines of the pattern must be per
fectly spaced, so that the design will
show up effectively.
A very handsome frock of midnight
bine taffeta, seen the other day, had
a tunic bordered with 8 inches of quilt
ing, and the pattern was repeated on
the sleeves and on panels at back and
front of the bodice.
To make quilting of this sort the ma
terial is underlaid with-very thin sheet
wadding,' and the quilting stitches are
set through the outer material and
wadding. Then the quilted portion is
faced with" thin silk or with the mate
rial of the frock, if it is not too heavy.
Quilted angora is especially smart Just
now. Vests of quilted angora show in
the open fronts of new cape coats, and
there are waistcoats of quilted angora
for wear with street suits.
Such a waistcoat accompanies 'a
taupe cheviot suit, the waistcoat being
in lighter taupe shade, and the quilting
is done with still lighter taupe silk.
A blue cloth cape Is lined with scarlet
satin and has a blue angora vestee
quilted elaborately with red silk.
NEAT NAVY BLUE SATIN GOWN
The stylishly dressed women delight
In having this navy blue satin gown
with a Ioo*a panel wejqhed with fcinge.
Renovates Silk Embroidery.
Silk embroidery may be cleaned with
a camel-hair brush dipped in spirits*
of wine and rubbed over the embroid
ery. The brash should be frequently
rinsed in some spare spirit to removi
the dirt. The embroidery need not bf
removed from the «at«ient it trims.
K-i
S'MiS.
GET RETURNS FROM POULTRY
On Many Farms Products From Fowls
Can Be Counted on as Practically
Clear Profit
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The farmer who raises the ordinary
grains and keeps some live stock has
perhaps the greatest opportunity that
has ever come to him for making
profit from poultry. The possibilities
for profit are perhaps not so large as
they used to be for tjie special poultry
farmer, and. that fact may have led
some general farmers to believe that
the situation applies, in some way to
them but there exists just here an
nnnsual paradox. The very conditions
that may make poultry and egg pro
duction a losing enteiftrlse on the spe
cialized poultry farm tend to make it
an increasingly gainful one for the
general farmer. -Where nearly all
of his feed has to be bought at high
prices, the margin between cost of pro
ductldh and proceeds from sale be
comes extremely tyrrow, but where
practically all of the poultry feed is
made up of waste .materials that would
otherwise not be utilized in any man
ner, the percentage of profit becomes
very much larger when prices are
high than it ever could have been
when prices were low. Poultry on
the farm obtain a very great part of
their feed by fortfgiag, by gleaning the
waste from stable yards and feeding
lots, by consuming the scraps from the
kitchen door, by preying upon Insect
pests In pasture and field, and In
only a relatively small degree from
grain or other commodities that would
be marketable. A farmer whose poul
try is fed In this way may count
all of the money received for eggs
and surplus poultry as practically
clear profit. When, therefore, eggs
and poultry are selling at higher prices
than have usually been obtainable, the
farmer's margin of profit without ex
penditure is very greatly increased.
It is, therefore, to the farmers of
the country that the nation must look
for the greater part of the immedi
ate Increase of poultry products which
will make it possible to supply our
own army and navy with red meats
and at the same time furnish the allies
with the animal foods they need.
DISINFECTION OF HENHOUSE
Structure 8hould Be Thoroughly
Cleaned Out and Sprayed at
Least Once Every Year.
(Prepared by the United" States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Once a year the poultry house should
be thoroughly cleaned out and sprayed
with one of the coal tar disinfectants
or given a good coat of whitewash
containing 5 per cent of crude car
bolic acid or creosol. Unless the ex
terior is painted, a coat of whitewash
will help preserve the lumber and give
a neater appearance to the building.
Spring is one of the best seasons to
clean up and whitewash the poultry
house. A well-made whitewash is the
Bucket Spray Pump, Useful in Dlsln*
fecting Chicken House.
chenpesrof all paints, and If properly
made serves equally well either for ex
terior or interior surfaces.
A good whitewash can be made by
slaking about 10 pounds of quicklime
in a pall with 2 gallons of water,
covering the pall- with cloth or bur
lap and allowing It to slake for one
hour. Water is then added to bring
.. the whitewash to a consistency
which may be applied readily. A wa
terproof whitewash for exterior sur
facep may be made as follows: (1)
Slake 1 bushel of quicklime In 12
gallons of hot water, (2) dissolve 2
pounds of common salt and 1 pound
o'f sulphate of zinc In 2 gallons of
boiling water pour (2) Into (1), and
add 2 gallons of skim milk and mix
thoroughly. Whitewash is" spread
lightly over the surface with a broad
brush.
Guineas Gaining Favor.
Guinea fowls are ^sewing, in favor,
as a substitute for game birds, with
the result that guinea raising is be
coming more profitable.
Purebred Fowls Best ,t
If you are raising scrub chickens.
vou certainly are not making near thf
imount that you could If you had pure
bred fowls. .• "x •.
NFIOVED OMROM NTEIIIITIONII
SMfSOHQL
(Br Rev. P. B. FFTZWATKR, S. D.„
Teacher of English Bible in the Moody
Bible Institute of, Chicago.)
(Copyright, 1818, by Wmtern Newgptper tTnloa.)
LESSON FOR SEPTEMBER 1
80ME LAWS OF THE KINGDOM OF
GOD.
LESSON TEXTS—Luke 6:30-% 21:1-4.
GOLDEN TEXT—Remember the word*
of the Lord Jesus, how he said, it Is mor»
blessed to give than to receive.—Acts 20
85.
DEVOTIONAL READING—H Cortn.
thians 9:6-16.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL TOR
TEACHERS—Luke-16:9 Romans 13:8 IX
Corinthians 9:6-16 Hebrews 13:16 Bsra 1:
X-t I Chronicles 29:1-6.
The principles of ethics which shall
prevail In the earth when Jesus Christ
shall be king are entirely different
from those of the world. The worldly
spirit always inquires as to what gain
will accrue from an action or service.
Its policy Is doing good for the sake
of getting good. Those who have been
made partakers of the divine nature,
who are really subjects of the king
dom, do good because they have the
nature and spirit of God, not because
they expect something in return.
I. Give to Every Man That Asketh
of Tllee (v. SO).
This does not mean that any request
that may be made by the Idle, greedy
and selfish should be granted. Only
evil would result from such indiscrimi
nate and unregulated giving. Such
benevolence Would foster'Idleness and
selfishness. Oftentimes the worst
thing you can do for a man is to give
him money. The drunkard will only
spend it for more drink the gambler
will continue his dissipation. The
meaning then is, give to the one ask
ing the thing wh|ch he needs. The
man In poverty needs to be given away
to earn his living, rather than to be
given money without the necessity of
labor. There is that in the human
heart which refuses .charity, and
cries out for a means to honestly gain
a livelihood.
II. Of Him That Taketh Away Thy
Goods, Ask Them Not Again (v. 30).
"Ask" here means demand. It doubt
less forbids the forcible demanding of
the return of that which has been
taken from .one.
III. DQ to Other Men as You Would
That They 8hould Do Unto You (vr.
81-34).
This ethic puts life's activities on
the highest possible ground. He does
not say, refrain from doing that which
yon would not like to be done to you,,
as even Confucius taught but to pos
itively make the rule of your life the
doing to others as yon would wish
them to do unto you. Loving those
who love us, doing good to those who
do good to us, and lending to those
from whom we hope to receive, is Just
what all the sinners of the world are
doing. The child of the kingdom of
Christ is to be different
iy. Love
fr
Vour Enemies (v. 35).
That which is natural to the human
heart is to hate the enemy. To, love
In the real sense means to sincerely
desire the good of even one's enemy
and willingness to do anything pos
sible, to bring that good. Such action
is only possible to those who have
been born again. Christ loved those
who hated him. He was willing even
to die for his enemies.
V. Lend, Hoping for Nothing Again
(v. 35).
This is what the Heavenly Father is
constantly doing. He Is kind and gra
cious unto the unthankful and the
wicked. He sends his rain and sun
shine upon the unjust and sinners. He
makes fruitful the toll of those who
blaspheme his name. Hp thus does be
cause it is his nature to so do.
VI. Be Merciful (v. 36).
The example for the imitation of the
disciple is the Heavenly Father.
VII. Judge Not (v. 37).
To judge does not mean the placing
of just estimates upon mqn's actions
and lives, for, "By their fraits ye shall
know them." The tree is judged by
the fruit it bears. The thorn tree does
not bear figs, nor.the apple tree bear
grapes. Our only way of discerning
the character of men and women is
their actions. That which is con
demned is censorious judgment—the
Impugning of motives.
Villi Condemn Not (v. 37).
This means that we should not pass
sentence upon men fer their acts, for
to their own master they stand or fall
(Rom. 14:4). The real reason why
such action is not warranted is that
the bias of our hearts and the limita
tion of our judgments render it im
possible to righteously and intelli
gently pass judgment
IX. Forgive (v. 37.)
Those who forgive shall be f&rgiveii.
The one who has realized the forgiv
ing mercy of God will be gracious and
'forgiving toward othersi
XI. Liberality Determined by What
Is Left (Luke 21:1-4).
The rich cast into the treasury much,
but it was from their abundance. The
poor widow cast in all that she had
there was nothing left. God estimates
a gift by what one has left, not by
the size of the gift. To give the wid
ow's mite Is to give all. For the mil
lionaire to give the wldow's'mlte would
mean for him to give his millions.
Genius and Taste.
To say nothing of its holiness or
authority the Bible contains more
specimens of genius and taste than
my other volume in existence.—Lonr