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(tp.—An addition is being erected Jie local school house at a cost ,,.'^|P^Pl)roxlmately $5,000. ivWPFS®.—Civil service examinations '•$$!$' be held for applicants for the ^^jjjaaafttopg of postmaster at Landa and ^^gQSifchutt. Blaza.—Tire thieves who looted a garage a few nights ago made 'oSOll^with a large haul of auto acces |fl$pes, it is said. #f|pevils Lake.—Little Freddie Folk, 3, nearly killed himself by drink a half-pint of gasoline. Quick an il jtidotes saved the child's life. i^i&.iJlsmarck.—City Engineer Hensen rts a total local water consump of 24,485,000 gallons for the month ij^July, the heaviest ever known in fj city. ,^®lTew Rockford.—W. R. Davidson, .V, *.'«^ner local banker recently arrested fi -iTOjf alleged unlawful banking methods, gHoVillii been held to district court under f!«4M)00 bonds. i'j AiKilldeer.—Joseph Remsing of this '£|^3Place was killed when the team he driving, attached to a mower, ran away, throwing him out in front I'^ytlie sickle bar. |j 10' Napoleon.—Contracts for highway ^improvements amounting to $07,000 \hxmitte been awarded for work in Logan .county, consisting of a 22-mile stretch wmd running east and west of here, vX 'Mott.—Mark Syverud, a local jew /.y «ier, was nearly electrocuted by a cur tfent of heavy voltage with which he ^fe-fiune ln contact accidentally while try- to charge the carbonator of his r!*^$j|pda fountain. Bismarck,—Cream testing and grafti $&®Ppadlng will be made a part of the ^^itate common school curriculum, the '«ame as "readin', 'ritin', 'rlthinetlc," '."I'^n^er plans now being prepared by authorities here. Fargo.—The North Dakota Pharma- |^._#eutlcal association closed its annual .'MTeetlag here with the Section of John jl^lfjCVold of Grand Forks as president and jljthe selection of that city as. the place Sifor the next annual meet. lipt Bismarck.—Dr. John H. Worst, i^ipfcresident emeritus of the state Agri Pllwultural col,eSe has assumed his du- ffpie*-under a recent appointment of |®$"°vernor Lynn J. Frazier, as state iffiffijifefonimissioper of Immigration. Mott.—The Hettinger county stock «pudglng team, consisting of Messrs. ^jpfians Soehren and Donald Black of Mitels city aind Edward Crary of Bentley "Son the championship for the season it the state fair at Grand Forks. ggjjUgiS'' Bismarck.—Thanks to quick work Ijby local police, William O'Brien, aged ||21,i is serving a term in the state peni jgtentlary, where he was committed after pleading guilty to a burglary which he had committed but a few nights before. -•Fargo.—Examinations have been an |nounced by the postoffice department Washington for the following ap polntments In North Dakota: At Car P|||rington for Harvey at Valley City for ||||tMarlon at Flaxton for Portal at lillKiigby for Towner at East Grand MS® Forks for University. J| Minot.—The record baseball game of the season was played here a few days •ago when Berthold and Miiiot teams -went twenty innings to decide a game -which had tied In the third inning at ||©ne to one, and again in the fifteenth Inning at three and three. Berthold -won with an additional run in twen I tieth, and ended the game, Schafer.—Cauterization with a hot $ poker is believed to have saved the life of Miss Sackette, a homesteader W wT 11vIdS15 rai'es southeast of here, when she was bitten by a rattlesnake a few fMk Jays ago. Usual antidotes for the Ppf| Poison being lacking, her sister thought I® lt -of the cauterization method, which i'i v.*fis tried with evidently unusual suc cess. Bismarck.—The source of salaries •for new judges to be named under redisricting legislation in the state is mot clearly defined, according to State y. Auditor Carl Kosltzky, but a recent -fe -opinion from the office of Attorney -General Lnnger holds that all salaries luly authorized by law are a legal lia bility against the state, regardless of tt- I)rovislon as t0 fir si J1 the funds from which -Swfhey shall be obtained rv.i* Pi CHIO f/llr Ar\rt1iAA4-t/ Bismarck.—Applications for loans from tlie Bank of North Dakota are to be made through local banks and \y n0t direct t0 tlle Pal'ent institution, ac- cording to announcement made by Director General F. W. Cathro. Local hanks will receive a $5 fee on each *, loan, it Is stated, besides a commis «ion of one-fourth of one per cent. 5 More than 300 applications have so '1 far been received. j,j, Dickinson.—Belated rainfall in the -western section of the state has some 1® 'what Unproved grass conditions for Plf'- *fange cattle, although too late to be of material advantage so fas as grain •crops are concerned. Of a recorded local rainfall of only .85 inches in July, about two-thirds fell on the next to the last day of the month. In some agricultural and stockraising sections it is said that small grain crops which lo not warrant harvesting will be used •o eke out the grass supply as a for age crop for stock. Devils Lake.—Labor day is to be fittingly observed here under auspices of local organizations. Bismarck.—According to Dr. W. F. Crewe of the state live stock sanitary board, about one-half of western North Dakota's estimated number of 350, 000 range cattle will be marketed this year, instead of the usual volume of sales normally consisting of about one third. Eastern North Dakota stock men, according to Dr. Crewe, are re ceiving the benefit of sacrifice prices on blooded stock which western own •ets are compelled to let go on account of shortage of feed. Forman.—Sargent county Duroc Jer sey swine breeders have formed a per rnanent organization here. Sanger.—Mrs. Ross Strawbridge was Instantly killed here when a car she was driving went over a six-foot em bankment. Hazelton.—Dr. George A. Monteith has been made head of the Hazelton post of the American Legion, just or ganized here. Williston.—Old settlers of Williams and McKenuzie counties will picnic at Burdick's grove on Saturday, August 23. An elaborate program is promised. Grand Forks.—:A printing course may be added to the curriculum of the local high school. A similar action has been arranged for by the Far»'0 city schools. Fargo.—A local construction com pany has secured a contract for a uOxlOO-foot three-story addition to a Fargo buiscuit factory, to be com pleted this year. Grand Forks.—An attendance of about 100 delegates is expected at the annual convention of the North Da kota W. C. T. U., to be held here September 26-2S. Williston.—Usher L. Burdick, for mer lieutenant governor of the state, and C. A. M. Spencer, prominent at torney, formerly of Grafton, have formed a law partnership. Buxton.—The most severe hall storm ever known in these parts devastated a strip twenty miles in length and run ning as high as eight miles wide in this section a few days ago. Drake.—The flour mill in this city, which is the first to he contracted for for under recently enacted state own ership laws, has a daily capacity of 150 barrels. The purchasing price is $20,000. Dickinson.—A formidable "gun" and threatening language used in an at tempted night holdup here proved so ineffective that the stick-up artist wound up the comedy by diligent use of his heels. Zap.—A robbery of a local pool room, which was perpetrated a few nights ago brings out the fact that night burglaries of this institution have become approximately a semi annual affair. Bismarck.—Forthcoming North Da kota historical volumes entitled "North Dakota Today." and "Where the West Begins," by Miss Zena Irnia Trinka, city librarian at Dickinson, have re cently been announced. Grand Forks.—William Greenleaf, executive .secretary of the War Camp Community Service, has issued letters advising returned soldiers as to best means of securing the benefits the organization offers for their use. Fargo.—The first non-stop air flight from the Twin Cities to Fargo was made by Lieutenant James Carling of St. Paul and L. W. Hope of Ada, Minn., on the evening of August 1. The trip was made in two hours and twenty minutes' time. Bismarck.—Attorney General Wil liam Langer has been summoned to Washington, upon the request of United States Attorney General Pal mer, for a conference in reference to the working out of the North Dakota grain grading act. Grand Forks.—Favorable early re turns are reported on the $100,000 financial drive recently started in he half of Wesley college, the state edu cational institution of the Methodist church, conducted in connection with the state university. Grand Forks.—An enthusiastic local welcome and the honors which accom pany-the bestowal of the Distingushed Service Cross and the French Croix de Guerre were the lot of Mandeli Olson on his return from the front to his home in this city. The young man was at one time repqrted killed in action on the western front. Bismarck.—The state equalization board, consisting of the governor, state treasurer, state auditor, attorney gen eral and the tax commissioner, is now in session. The last named official, Mr. George E. Wallace, is secretary of the board under the' new plan of or ganization arranged under present laws. An exceptionally busy session is anticipated. Fargo.—One man was shot in the head and a score of others robbed when a band of five bandits, masked and armed, entered a bunkear occu pied by members of. a section crew near Sanborn, and broke up card games in progress, confiscating all the money in sight and then forcing the men to turn ocer their reserve sup plies and other valuables. Fargo.—That farmers of North Da kota must continue to use every possi ble means to check the spread of the grasshopper pest or suffer serious crop shortage in 1020 and following years, is the belief of Stewart Lockwood, ex tension division entomologist at the Agricultural college. Sixty per cent of the hoppers tlurt damaged grain fields this year, according to Mr. Lock wood, came from roadsides, fence rows and fields which had been allowed to go back to weeds. Thirty-three coun ties in the state put on grasshopper campaigns this year at a cost ranging all the way from $1,000 to $87,000 each, yet untold injury was done to crops by the pests. Universal fall plowing is held to be one of the most essential protections, as this destroys a large proportion of the eggs. New Rockford.—Eddy county's re turned fighters were given a rousing welcome here on August 8th. New Rockford.—Captain Thomas J. Lough of Fargo, employed in super vision road work of the state high way commission, is in a local hospital with both legs broken, the accidevt having occurred when he stepped from a moving motor truck just ahead of another truck, which struck and passed over him. It is pointed out that Captain Lough will in all prob ability be the first state employe to receive benefits from the workmen's compensation law. AGED PAIR IN SUICIDE PACT Find No Cure for Rheumatism, Free Canary, Lock Doors, Turn on Gas. San Francisco.—Deciding to end their own lives, but refusing to de prive the canary bird, which for eight een years had brought happiness to them by its song, of its life^ William Foster, 64, and his wife, Mary, 65, of 1532 Market street, Oakland, gave the bird its freedom and then turned on three gas jets in their home. The body of Foster was found on the bed, while the woman, gasping for breath, sat ip a chair whep their daughter, Mrs. William Nash, 1433 Myrtle street, Oakland, broke down the door. Resting on a table, the doors thrown open, was the bird cage, while from Turned on the Gas Jets! without could be seen the canary sing ing in the warmth of the morning sun shine from a cherry tree bough. The daughter called to take the cou ple for a walk. She found the doors and windows barred and the odor of gas emerging from the place. Breaking in the front door with an ax, she was forced to wait several minutes before entering the place. Then she rushed from room to room until finding her parents* together in the sleeping quarters. The couple caine from Denver, Colo, where they had spent all of their mar ried life. Both suffered from rheu matism and climatic conditions were better on the coast, they were told. That the two decided to die, like they had lived, together, was evident from conditions about the house. Everything had been put in its place and every speck of dust removed. THE HOPE PIONEER W Tried to Return to Prison He Found So Comfortable Muncie, Ind.—"I must say that I was treated fine at the re formatory. I never have been treated so well any place else. It had come to seem like home to me." Thus Ralph V. Miller is quoted by the police of Muncie, Ind., as expressing his opinion of the penal institution at Jefferson ville, after failing in Ills efforts to be charged with violating his parole and returned to the re formatory. He is ill and, ac cording to the police, believed if he could return to the state in stitution he would redeive bet ter medical attention than he could provide for himself. REFUSES TO LEAVE PRISON First Sing Sing Prisoner In Ninety Four Years to Reject Warden's Plea for Pardon. New York.—Charles Ortner, a pris oner in Sing Sing, New York, refused to apply for a pardon when urged to do so by prison authorities. He is the first of 70,000 persons, committed there in the 94 years existence of the prison who has refused to be freed. Ortner. who is thirty years old, was sentenced on May 30,1917, from Brook lyn for from two to four years for as sault. By good behavior he was en titled to six months off the minimum sentence. This made him eligible for parole November 30, 1918. He refused to let the authorities reduce the sen tence. Keys Save Life. Goodland, Kan.—Joy Holmes, rail way station agent here, probably owes his life to a bunch of keys he carried in his vest pocket. As he reached into a desk drawer for a pair of gloves, he accidentally discharged a revolver lying there. The bullet went through his lower vest pocket, but when it hit the keys Its force was stopped, so that tbe only injury Mr. Holmes received was a flesh. wound from one of tbe keys 1MTI0VED UNIF0KM INTERNATIONAL LESSON (By REV. P. B. FITZWATER. D. D., Teacher of English Bible in the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.) (Copyright, 1919. Western Newspaper Union) LESSON FOR AUGUST 17 CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. jy^lS£iTTEXTS-Act8 1:8'.into: 13:1 14:28-th« GOLDEN 1 EXT—Go ye all world and preach the Gospel to everj creature.—..lark *6:15. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Matthev 28:18-20 Luke 24:45-58 Acts 26:12-20. PRIMARY TOPIC—Helping everybod) t» know Jesus. JUNIOR TOPIC—The whole world needs Jesus. INTERMEDIATE TOPIC—Taking th« gospel to the whole world. SKNIOR AND ADULT TOPIC—Chris tian missions alms and results. I. The Obligation of Missions (Mark 16:15). God saves men for a purpose. That purpose Is to be laborers together with him In the salvation of others. Christ's parting message, yea, his final com mission to the disciples was, "Go, preach the Gospel to every creature." This obligation still rests. upon the church. Since the command is to preach the Gospel to every creature, this obligation will obfaln as long a^ there Is one unreached soul. II. The Power of Missions (Acts 1:8). This power is the supernatural in ducement of the Holy Spirit. Mission ary endeavor without the Holy Spirit Is doomed to failure. Power to witness f«or Christ is the purpose of the gift of the Spirit. Success will crown the efforts of those who go forth under the leadership and powei» of the Holy Spirit. The Spirit was not given pri marily to make Christians happy, but to make them strong to carry the Gospel to the heathen. However, those who go fortlTin this blessed serv ice In the Spirit's power are truly happy. III. The Scope of Missionary En deavor (Acts 1 :S). The disciples were to begin their witnessing where they were when the Holy Spirit, fell upon them—Jerusa lem. But they were to go out from there to the "uttermost parts of the earth." This is the program for ev ery disciple of Christ. Begin witness ing where Christ saves you, and then go to your neighbors next to you, and pn to the remotest bounds of the earth. There is no such tiling as "home mis sions," except that you begin at home. IV. The First Foreign Missionaries (13:1-14 28). 1. Who they were (13:2). Bar nabas and Saul were selected—the very best two men in the church. The evangelization of the world is a task of such tremendous importance that it challenges the church to offer her best men and women. Since an Institution is judged by its representatives. It be comes the church to put her most capa ble men to the front. 2. By whom sent (13:2, 4). The Holy Spirit chose these men and sent them forth to their work. The church at Antloch seemed to have deliberate ly planned this missionary enterprise. It was after prayer and fasting that the Spirit ordered the church to send forth these missionaries. It should be the business of the church to constant ly seek the mind of God relative to sending forth laborers into the Lord's vineyard. The Spirit calls and sends men forth, but he does this through the church. 3. Some experiences of the first for eign missionaries: (1) Withstood by El.vmas the sor cerer (13:0-12). El.vmas moved by the devil, sought to turn the mind of Sergl us Paulus from the faith, thus barring the Gospel as it enters upon Its widest mission of salvation. The most vil lainous act which one can commit Is to turn a soul from the Gospel. (2). Worshiped as gods (14:8-18). (a) The occasion (yv. 8-10). God accompanied the testimony of these missionaries by his mighty power. He wrought a mir acle through Paul. At his call the Inveterate cripple—one who had never walked—leaped up and walked. The cure was instant, (b) The method (vv. 11-13). They called Barnabas, Jupi ter, and Paul, Mercury, because he was the chief speaker. They declared that the gods had come down in the like ness of men, and they brought oxen and garlands to offer sacrifice, (c) Their efforts foiled (vv. 14-18). 1. The mis sionaries rent their clothes and ran in among the people, saying they were r.ot divine but beings of like passions with themselves. 2. They urged the people to turn to God. 3. Paul stoned (vv. 19-22). Stirred up by wicked Jews from Antloch and Iconi uin, the rabble who a moment ago were worshiping are filled with satanic hate. Doubtless Paul remembered Stephen's experience. God raised him up and he went forth to discharge his duties as a missionary. Such men of courage are needed today. Without Loyalty to Christ. A Christianity without loyalty to the Christ, as its motive and inspiration, may be likened to—well, may we say, our solar system minus the sun. An Inward Beauty. There Is an inward beauty, life, and loveliness in divine truth, which can not be known but when it is digested Into life and practice.—John Smith. Take heed of the first stumble, for It •a ominous and at best there Is a good atep lost.—Benjamin Whlchcote. The independence of Spanish South America was rendered possible by tile Treaty of Buenos Ayres, which united all of Spain's revolted colonies below the Isthmus of Panama ln a league against, the mother country, or any other country which should question their right to set up for themselves as free and Independent nntions. FAMOUS PEACE TREATIES By H. IRVING KING (Copyright. 1319, by the McClure Newspaper Syndicate.) Strangely enough, the South Amer ican revolution started in an uprising of the colonists in behalf of the legiti mate king of Spain, Ferdinand VII. Napoleon having placed his brother Joseph on the throne of Spain, Ven ezuela, New Granada (Colombia) and Buenos Ayres (Argentina), revolted almost simultaneously In 1810, deposed the royal officers, and established juntas with the avowed purpose of holding those colonies for King Ferdinand. In March of 1811 a Ven ezuelan congress was convened and on July 5 a declaration of Independ ence was adopted. In New Granadn the province of Cartagena declared its independence in the same year. Bogota, or the province of Cudlna marca, proclaimed itself independent "during the captivity of the king." The eastern provinces sought an alli ance with Venezuela. Meantime, a revolution broke out In Ecuador, which was joined by the part of New Granada adjoining, but this seems to have been a rather mixed up affair, the revolutionists not exactly sure of what they wanted. TREATY OF BUENOS AYRES, 1823 When 8outh America Emerged From Spanish Domination, Uniting ths Revolting Colonies. Revolution Expanded. The revolution in Buenos Ayres spread over all that section, but it was not until after independence was de clared, what is now the Argentine Re public taking the name of the United Provinces of La Plata. Paraguay, which revolted In 1810, proclaimed its in-, dependence the next year and refused to unite with La Plata, which, as yet, had not revolted. Uruguay had been made a part of Brazil in some of the royal and imperial deals of Europe and was held by a Portuguese army. The revolution broke out in Chile in 1812 and was suppressed only to break out again. It was not until 1818 that Chile finally declared her Independ ence. 1814 King Ferdinand had been re stored to the Spanish throne, so those colonies which remained in revolt and had not declared their independence seemed to have little excuse for their Independence or existence as govern ments. Between the beginning of the upris ings in 1810 and the Treaty of Buenos Ayres in 1823 there was constant warfare between the Spanish and co lonial forces, each colony playing a lone hand. Peru was the center of the Spanish power and from there the Amid the breaking up of empires, the birth of new nations and the re birth of old ones. Finland seems to have come in for place as an inde pendent country, something that she never has boon before since the thir teenth century, when the Finns were subjugated and Christianized by the Swedes. For over a hundred years Fin land formed an integral part of the Swedish realm and furnished to that kingdom a host, of men eminent in war and peace. Under Swedish rule Finland enjoyed nn autonomous con Htftutlonul government and developed a unique civilization of its own. Swedish was spoken in the towns and by the cultured class, but the peas antry clung to the old Finnish tongue. Then came the invasion of Finland by Russia In ISO!) and the treaty of Frederlkshavn, by which Finland passed to Russia and the troubles of the Finns began. The Finns are a rather singular peo ple to find in the northwestern corner of Europe, being Mongolians, a tribe of that race which, wandering or driven from the grent plateau of Central Asia, found a resting place at last between the Baltic sea and the Arctic ocean. Near the Finnish Border. When Peter the Great built his new capital amid the swamps of the Neva he placed It only S3 miles from the Fin nish border and from that hour Russia looked upon Finland as something that must eventually be hers. The adven tures of Charles XII of Sweden af forded Peter his first opportunity to seize a part of the coveted territory. Charles wus as determined to crush the growing power of Russia as Peter was to make her the "colossus of the North." At the battle of Pultowa, June 27,1709, fought In what now calls Itself the Ukraine, the destinies of the two nations for a while hung in the balance. But "victory passed to the triumphant czar" and Charles escaped a fugitive into Turkey. By the treaty of Nystadt in 1721 Czar Peter granted peace to the exhausted Swedes, but only upon their relinquishing the Bal tic provinces to Russia and also the province of Vlborg, a part of Finland. By taking Vlborg Peter pushed the Finnish border back and when tbe French ambassador Interceded for the retention of this province by Sweden, Peter replied that It "was not pleasant Spanish viceroys waged war on the other colonies. In Upper Peru, or what is now Bpllvla, however, there was a strong antagonism to the royal authority which spread gradually to the other parts of viceroyalty and rendered the Spanish supremacy pre carious. In 1S21 this Peruvian move ment had gained such strength that an assembly of Peruvians declared independence, though the viceroy still held his post and, by the command of the sea which he possessed and the strength of the royal forces, still fought to subdue South America to the Spanish crown. Brazil's Independence Declared. In 1822 Brazil declared Its Inde pendence of Portugal and set up as an empire under the head of the royal house of Braganza, who gave up hla claims to the Portuguese throne. In the tumult which raged around her In South America Brazil took no part. Her revolution was peacefully accom plished and her Independence peace fully secure. But all Spanish-Amer ica was in a state of chaos. The revolted colonies could not even agree among themselves and were rent by International discords. It looked as if Spain, by a vigorous effort, might yet restore her authority In South America, attacking the revolted col onies in detail. Simon IJoIIvar had now succeeded In forming out of Venezuela, New Granada and Ecuador the Republic of Colombia. He. saw that union was necessary for the securing of the In dependence of the colonies and In January of 18251 sent Don Joaquin Mosquera to Buenos Ayres to propose a defensive alliance of the United Province of La Pluta and the Repub lic of Colombia. TREATY OF FREDERIKSHAVN, 1809 Hoped to Have Colonies Unite. Rivadavia was provisionally in charge of the La Plata government. His Iiiea was to have all the colonies unite in a peaceful understanding with the mother country by which the rev olution should be completed lie was evidently listening to the siren song of the royal commissioners. Mosquera insisted upon a military alliance against Spnin. The result was that for the first time Spanish South America showed a united front. The treaty was signed on March 8, 1823. On December 9, 1824. was fought In southern Peru the battle of Ayacucho ln which Gen eral Sucre with the allied army de feated and captured the Spanish vice roy, La Serna. Fourteen Spanish generals gave up their swords that day and the war of independence waa at an end, except for a few minor engagements. Sweden Gave Up to Russia All of Finland and the Aland Islands. to see his neighbor's grounds from hla own windows." But a good chance to grab ail Fin land did not present Itself to Russia until the general upheaval of the Na poleonic wars. After the peace of Tilsit, Russia and France being al lies, the czar had a free hand with regard to Sweden and resolved to seize Finland. He called it himself "nn act of bad faith toward a relative and nn ally." In February of 1808 a Russian army invaded Finland. The aged and Incapable field marshal Klingspor, who commanded nn army of Finns and Swedes In Finland, was ordered by the panic-stricken Swedish king, Gustavus IV, to save his troops as best he could. "Gibraltar of the North." With the fall of Sveaborg, which the Swedes called the "Gibraltar of the North," all hope of saving Finland was lost but during the summer a Finnish army fought several battles with the Russian troops not without success. In the fall, however, the Russian army was Increased, and on September 14 was fought the battle of Oravais, fa mous in Finnish annals. The battle lasted 15 hours and was only decided in favor of the Russians by the timely arrival of re-enforcements. In this battle the Swedes and Finns lost 2,600 killed, one-third of the whole force with which they went Into battle. The rem nants of the army withdrew under the cover of night, when the increased number of Russians made It folly to continue the battle, and crossed the Swedish -frontier. Finland was now lost. In Stockholm when the disastrous news reached there, the king was de posed and his son, Prince Charles made regent. In Seeland lay a French army under Bernadotte—destined to be come king of Sweden later—ready to attack. The regent now turned his attention to Russia and attempted to drive out a Russian army which oc cupied West Bothnia. He was unsuc cessful, but finally that %rmy withdrew of its own accord. Th« ezar now sig nified that he was willing to treat for peace and on September 17 signed at Frederlkshavn a treaty by which Swe den gave up to Russia all of Finland and the Aland Islands. After that treaty Finland was in a constant state of unrest and contention with her Rus sian masters. Now she proposes to att op for herself.