The silver messenger., February 09, 1909, Image 6

About The silver messenger. (Challis, Idaho) 1890-1912

Image provided by: Idaho State Historical Society

                
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DAIRY GUMPTION.
k Will Help a Man Over the Hard
Placet.
■'Gumption" is an oj ,1-fashioned
Yankee word and signifies the ability
to shape one's own fortuite, work up
•ut of difficulties, overcome discour
agements, etc. l.ast week our New
York correspondent, H. H. Lyon, spoke
of llie almost helpless slate the milk
farmers of that stale find themselves
tn before the ' double twist" the milk
dealers In New York city have pul on
them. Why cannot the fanners al
•very milk-shipping slatior. co-operate
with each other to put up a creamery
and handle their milk that way? asks
the Hoard's Dairyman. We sometimes
think that the milk-shipping business
has the worst effect on the enterprise
and ability of the farmer of anything
that could happen to him. Certain it
Is that it makes very much less of a
farmer of hlm.
He does not raise young cattle and
hogs like the creamery farmer. He
loses ail ambition to be what he should
h«. a wise breeder and developer of
dairy cattle. He drifts down to the
final landing place at the foot of the
ladder, buying his cows and crowding
costly feed Into them for a year and
•hen selling them for beef.
There seems to be nothing a bout the
business as at present organized and
conducted that will tend to the making
of a larger-minded and better farmer
of him.
And then, as if to cap the
climax, he is at the mercy of a lot of
•nilk dealers who know enough to
combine against him, it he doesn't
against them, and he helplessly ac
tepts the aituation. His farm suffers
from the constant drain of milk ship
Ping to the extent of at least five to
seven dollars per cow of valuable fer
lilizing material in (he mill--, most of
which would be saved to the soil if.
consumed on the farm.
Of course we know that milk must
he produced for city use, but it does
seem as if the milk farmers as a class
were lacking in the ordinary "gump
Non" of mankind to submit as Ihey
do to imposition, and make no com
bined effort to help themselves.
,
A most convenient rack for sunning
•nd drying all utensils used in. the
dairy is shown in the accompanying
ulustration. It will be found much
RACK FOR DAIRY U7 LNSIL9.
Will Prove More Convenient Than
a Table.
fa
* ''S '
Arrangement of Rack.
more satisfactory than a table or box,
declares the Prairie Farmer, since all
parts of the various vetseU are thor
oughly aired when placed between the
laths.
Effect of Freezing on Butter.
A series of trials were made at the
Vermont experiment station wherein
milk was divided Into two lots,
half allowed to freeze and the other
handled In the usual manner; then
churned, the
cored.
one
butter worked and
Neither skimming, ripening
nor churning appeared to be impaired.
Not so, however, with the scoring. The
average scores of two sets of 15 lots
each were: Frozen butter, 93.2;
mal butter, 93.5.
very slightly to lower the grade of the
butter, yet freezing is not necessarily
a menace to good butter making. It
should not be inferred, however, that
infrequent creamery
ered more or less frost
nor
Freezlng tended
receipts. dellv
bttt'en. will
make as good butter as if they had
been delivered unfrozen.
SKIMMING*
With every pound of butter there
should be au ounce of ualt, and
present prices only the Very best salt
should be used.
at
As a large per cent, of tpilk is water,
cows should be given plenty of water.
<■ Good milkers are heavy caters, and
drink freely, also.
Every farmer who keeps cows should
put plenty of corn In the silo
The best milkers are those who are
painstaking and gentle. They make the
cow feel comfortable
when
being
milked, and this increases the yield.
Many of the by-products
lalry can be profitably converted into
pork.
of the
Destroy the Stamp.
The secretary of agriculture and the
secretary of the treasury have jointly
Issued a regulation which requires that
whenever any manufacturer's package
3l renovated butter is empty it shall
be the duty of the person who removes
the contents theerof to des toy utter
ly the tax-paid stamp on such empty
package. Any person having in his
poeseeslon empty renovated butter
packages the tax-paid stamps on which
pave not been destroyed will be liable
to heavy penalty.
CONVENIENT BARN TRUCK.
Will Mal'e the Task of Feeding tht
Cowi Much Easier.
No dairyman can afford to ignore
that which will lighten his labor in
any »ay whatever. Be his stable ever
so conveniently constructed, he has
enough to do. Hence the importance
of his considering the truck or car
presented in the cut. Made of good
lumber, the only iron about it is tha
handle at each end, by which to
j
up
|
|
|
Feeding Truck for the Stable.
on |mah 0I . pu n it a | ong the feeding al
al ] ey i„ front of the cows which are
to be f e d, and the trucks on which it
is mounted. The wheels procured,
any good blacksmith can make this,
s0 that the truck is by no means dif
j flcult (o construct. It should be about
; two feet wide. 20 inches deep and 4>4
j feet long. Silage can be conveyed in
it j t from the silo to the mangers very
a ! readily, says Farm and Home,
I silo is some distance away, it will save
much hard work, indeed,
He
I
of
the
If the
LIKE A RIFLE SHOT.
Pure Bred Sire in Dairy Herd a Ne
cessity If Herd Is to Be Built.
the
the
Once in awhile we strike a statement
that goes to the center of things like
rifle shot.
In circular No. 11 of the Indiana
périment station the writer says:
I " haS b6en
of ™ de 1 ' m " k Production the pure-bred
to has been employed to bring
" * bon . In 20 herds 8tud,ed b y the
ac- * r ' th f re " as " average of 2,096
PPUn f ds pounds ° f bUt '
,, per per ye l ar - ln favor of
to grading up Y" b a p " re - bred dairy sire,
L h J® a,no ' ,nts - ln a berd of 40 cows, to
of ** , ^Çater annual returns than from
if. ' 11', , , ,
wo "" w tr,,e ' everlastingly true, those
; W< ll,,f are ' , . .
. ™ b ° e ^ rbeard of 8 community of
" m " s tha * " Progress In dairy
i n8Wbere ' h « y Used tbe scnib bul1
, PU , rp ° S ! bU " ?
J ... ng 8 a a stanc, still in such
' num
a
ex
a
oi
Who ever heard of a farmer becom
j ing a broader, finer dairyman, one who
made increasing profit, every year, who
I went into partnership with a scrub
bull, or even a dual purpose bull?
The thing has been worked out
many times and In so many hundred
different places that we wonder that
still there are farmers who really
think their fortune lies with such ani
mais, says the
so
Hoard's
Dairyman.
Only the other day we heard a farmer,
who owns a herd of 30 cows, say that
a cheap grade bull was "good enough
for him."
How true were the words
of the great Teacher when He said;
"For ye have the
poor always with
you.' Surely "the destruction of the
poor is their poverty" of judgment.
COW FEED.
Give Them a Variety, If You Would
Get Results.
No animal likes variety of food
than a cow does, and none pays great
er returns than a cow.
Review In alluding to this matter
more
The Dairy
says
that for the stimulation of appetite
and aid In digestion some of her feeds
should be green and succulent, such
as roots and silage for winter. Some
linseed meal should be given at fre
quent intervals,
feed, but an excellent regulator of the
digestive organs. Clover and alfalfa
hay are both rich ln milk-forming ele
ments. and give bulk to the ration.
Some corn should be given dally,
daily through the cold months,
cause cows greatly relish the grain,
and it helps in forming butter fat and
in producing animal heat. Give the
cows about all they will clean up at
each feed, but shift change often, not
only the kinds, but the amounts of
each kind at different times. This
change gives a stimulating variety to
feeds, and the cows thrive and
duce on it.
it is not only a rich
espe
be
pro
Where Will It End?
"Milk stools should be scrubbed and
sterilized at least once a day," is on«
of the "requirements" of the miili
commission of the Indianapolis* Med
leal society
"Jerking the teats should be forbid
den," is another provision.
for "certified" milk
The pro
ducers will probably next be ordered
to read the Constitution of the United
States to each cow before proceeding
to extract the lacteal fluid from that
long-suffering bovine.—Jersey Bulletin
Wouldn't it also be a good thing tc
have Ihe secretary's
"sterilized" a bit before next rule day
asks the Indiana Farmer, so as he can
tell the board how it looks on paper.
eye glasses
Pure Dairy Salt.
Good, pure dairy salt is as essential
to good butter making as pure water
is to health.
Any kind of salt won't
do for good butter, but It will do for
the poor stuff that sells at half price.
Milking by Machine.
It is said that 20,000 cows are now
milked with machinery. The milking
machine when found all right will go
into general use as cream separators
have.
Select Good Cows.
Why not select good cows as we se
lect good seed corn and wheat? There
are poor results when this rule is not
applied to cows as well as seed
POINTS CONCERNING
THE USE OF STARTERS
Practical Suggestions Which Will Prove Helpful to Butter
and Cheese Makers—By L. D. Bushnell, Michigan.
A growth of micro-organisms in a
suitable food substance as milk, whey,
or heef tea, is called a culture. If
only one species of micro-organism be
present the growth is called a mixed
culture; but if two or more be pres
ent the growth is called a mixed cul
ture. For us to be thoroughly familiar
with a starter we must understand a
culture, because a starter as used in
dairy operations is generally a cul
ture containing one species of micro
organisms. In some few instances
where two or more micro-organisms
are found that harmonize in their
modes of growth, a mixed culture is
used, thereby perhaps bringing about
better results than when developed
!
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S r
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Fig. 1.
separately. The starter is used to
overcome obnoxious micro-organisms
and adds to the finished product the
desired flavor, aroma, keeping quality
and perhaps other essential properties.
8tarters are of two general classes,
viz., natural and commercial.
Under the head of natural starters
are placed all those originating
home, usually by selecting and setting
aside until loppered a quantity of care
fully drawn milk. Buttermilk, whole
-milk, sour cream, and whey are
times used in this capacity. A start
er produced in this way may contain
several species of
Thus it is not difficult to understand'
why a starter produced by natural
souring may develop taint or become
gassy.
The commercial starter Is generally
developed from a single micro-organ
ism and is built up as a pure culture
or a known mixed culture. This class
includes those starters originated and
offered for sale in solid or liquid form
by various commercial firms. Though
the different brands differ more or
less as to activity at a given temper
ature as well as in tbe flavor impart
ed to butter or cheese, yet from the
very fact that these are pure cultures,
uniform growth and acid production
may be expected. This being the case,
a commercial starter is kept free from
contaminations and, developed under
the same conditions, may be used for
an Indefinite time and produce an
varying product.
at
some
micro-organisms.
un
As sterilization is to replace pas
teurization ln this process, a steam
sterilizer is a necessary piece of ap
paratus and Fig. 1 has been Inserted
mainly to show the parts of a service
able sterilizer.
A common
wash boiler may be fitted up for ster
ilizing purposes in mucjj the
way, or a box constructed of wood or
of galvanized Iron may be used.
copper
same
A more detailed explanation may
prevent errors on the part of those
who set up sterilizers in their fac
tories. The inlet, A, should be placed
near the bottom and of the proper
size to fit a steam jet. The siphon
tube, B, for the removal of condensed
water, always has its inner end cov
ered, thus preventing loss of steam.
The highest point of the outlet should
be lower than the opening C, so that
n
. a.
I
Fig. 2.
Bteam upon entering will not have to
pass through water. For the supports
E, some light material should be used,
as heavy metal or solid bodies con
dense large quantities of steam; the
perforated bottom, F. should have nu
merous openings to permit the free
upward movement of steam; G, should
be of wire netting. This causes a
more uniform distribution of steam,
thereby preventing many breakages.
As ail factories are not supplied
with apparatus for the production of
steam, a substitute may be made on
the plan of an ordinary steam cook
er with an Inch or two of water in
the bottom. When this plan is used
sterilization begins when the steam
begins to issue from the openings. A
thermometer placed In the opening, D,
•hould r«zis*er 210° F
In Fig. 2 the four Jars, 1 to 4, are
filled with milk to the line, m, and the
mouth of each filled with a dry firm
cotton plug. The plugs should, under
all conditions, be kept dry. Trouble
may be anticipated in attempting to
sterilize these thick glass jars; but 11
a few precautions are taken there
need be but few breakages. A shield
( F. in Fig. 1 ), placed so as to prevent
hot water and steam from striking the
glass jars, and a wire gauge or win
dow screen for them to stand upon,
insures almost any glass jar against
destruction by unequal heating.
The exact period of time to heat
cannot be given, for much depends
upon the steam pressure or upon the
vigor with which the water Is boiled
Tests may be made with a thermom
eter to determine this point. If kept
at 210° F. for 30 or 40 minutes at each
period for four consecutive days, ster
ilization will be effected in case ol
small quantities of milk.. This, how
ever, depends upon the amount of
milk in each bottle.
A test for jars of milk supposed tc
be sterile may be made by placing
them in a warm room, for a few days.
If no visible change takes place w'e
are practically assured in saying that
the milk Is sterile.
The culture of lactic organisms
may be introduced as directions on
the package indicate, but using every
precaution to prevent any of the mate
rial from coming in contact with the
hands, neck of the jar, or other ob
jects. If these precautions are not ex
ercised the benefit to be gained from
the use of sterile milk will not mate
rialize. Under no condition should the
cottou plug of a jar be removed after
the first heating, except when about
to introduce the starter, and then not
longer than four or five seconds.
There are several factors which in
fluence the time required for lopper
ing, viz., temperature, activity of start
! er, and quantity introduced. In order
to have a culture at the proper stage,
when needed the temperature may be
changed or the amount of the inocu
Si
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t
I
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Fig. 3.
lating culture raised to meet the re
quirements. Nothing but experience
will determine these points.
The starter, to be successful, must
be transferred daily and some inex
pensive transferrer must be devised
to meet all requirements. The opérât
or, in order to make successful trans
fers, must have something that will
convey the proper amount, be easy ol
sterilization, have relative freedom
from contamination, and convenience
in handling. A vial with a wire han
die, a piece of cloth wound
about a wire handle, or
loosely
a small
amount of cotton wound firmly about
a wire, are some transferring tools
easily made, and fully meeting all re
quirements. Of these
the latter seems best fitted for all
practical purposes. It is easily con
structed by taking a wire which has
been made rough on one end
some loose cotton batting,
ton is wound firmjy around tbe wire
by holding between the thumb and
first and second fingers.
transferrers,
and
The cot
The transferrer should be placed in
the milk before sterilization begins
and should never be removed until
ready for the transfer.
After inoculation and loppering, a
safe transfer may be made by
ing the plugs of both bottles and lift
ing this transferrer very
from the loppered milk and placing
it in the sterile milk, care being ta
ken not to allow the swab to come in
contact with anything during tbe op
eration.
remov
carefully
The plugs shou'd not
transferred from one bottle to another,
but should be removed as shown in
Fig. 3.
be
Testing Eggs in Water.—A pail of
any kind of water affords a convenient
medium for testing eggs. A real fresh
egg will sink; one that is not so fresh
will topple around, apparently stand
ing on Its end; one that Is spoiled
looks dull and porous, while that of
old eggs appears thin and shiny. When
shaken, a stale egg will rattle in the
shell.
an
Wintering the Stock.—See that all
stock goes into winter quarters in
good condition, and likewise be
you have sufficient feed to carry them
through the winter.
sure
Does Quality count tfithyou?
The first requirement for goods offered to you
by us is quality; the second requirement is a rea
sonable price. The styles are selected with ex
treme care. This combination has established
our reputation for reliability.
I
SL
ESTABLISHED
1862
9.
't.
170
MAIN ST.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
Removal Announcement
Wer take pleasure in informing; our customers that we have removed
our place of business from the old stand to more commodious quarters,
No. 535 South Third West Street, and that we are still in the market for
HIDES, WOOL, SHEEPSKINS, FURS, Etc.
In small or carload lots.
Call on us or write us before you sell.
It will pay you to do so.
Rowe, Morris, Summerhays Co.
Salt Lake City, Utah.
NO WONDER 8HE DIDN'T KNOW.
Woman of Experience Not Hasty In !
Expressing Opinion.
1
Before he had been ln the car three
minutes most of the women passen- !
gers and some of the men were ex
popular remedy, and If that boy had
received then and there all the pad
dllngs that his critics were aching to
administer he certainly would have
been well blistered.
plaining to their neighbors what they
would <Lo with the little Imp if he be
longed to them. Spanking was the
To the general babel of advice and
fault-finding, however, there was one
Iwoman who contributed nothing. She
was a gentle, gray-haired body, who
remained uriruffled in the midst of the
small tempest raging.
"If that child was mine," said the
determined woman beside her, "I'd
make him mind If I had to half kill
him. Wouldn't you?"
"I don't know," said the little wom
an, mildly, "what I'd do."
"You don't?" said the determined
woman. "Well, I know. But maybe
you are not used to children? Maybe
you never had any of your own?"
"Oh, yes," said the little woman. "I
brought up 13. That Is why I don't
know what I would do."
No More Gold Lace for Afghans.
The ameer has published an edict,
which applies to all parts of Afghan
istan, prohibiting the import Into the
country of all kinds of gold lace, In
cluding embroidered kullas lungls and
embroidered shoes. The ameer Is ev
idently actuated by a desire to prevent
bis subjects from spending their hard
earned money on showy dress. It Is
the poorer classes who are notori
ously addicted to this extravagance
which his majesty has decided to
check. The gold laced coat of the
Afghan Is decidedly handsome, and al
though the ameer has acted wisely ln
bringing into general use clothing less
costly, his majesty's orders will doubt
less be received by his subjects with
rather mixed feelings.
a
African Pigeon Postal Service.
The French Congo has a pigeon pos
tal service.
Proper Bestowal of Charity.
Dickens: There are not a few among
the disciples of charity who require
ln their vocation, scarcely less excite
ment than the votaries of pleasure ln
theirs; and hence it Is that diseased
sympathy and compassion are every
day expended on out-of-the way ob
jects, when only too many demands
upon the legitimate exercise of the
same virtues ln a healthy state
constantly within the sight and hear
ing of the most unobservant
alive. In short, charity must have its
romance, as the novelist or the play
wright must have his.
are
person
Sleeplessness.
A good remedy for sleeplessness Is
to we^ a towel and apply to the back
of the
neck, pressing it hard up
against the base of the brain and
fastening over this cloth to prevent
too rapid evaporation. The effect will
be prompt and pleasant, cooling the
brain and inducing a sweet and
ful slumber.
peace
Warm water Is better
than cold for the purpose. This reme
dy will prove useful to people suffer
ing from overwork, excitement
lety.
or anx
The latest publications of Harper &
Brothers are "The Story of a Street,"
% narrative history of Wall street, by
Frederick Trevor Hill, and two stories
for young people, "In the Open," by
William O. Stoddard, and "Adventures
a; Sea," compiled by Rear Admiral
Stevens, F. H. Converse, John R. Cory
ell, and others.
Work th* Common Lot of All.
In all the civilized countries of the
world 60 per cent, of the persons
ten years old have to work for a liv
ing
over
Earthquake Carpenters.
The term "earthquake carpenter" at
! first glance might give the impression
of a person capable of doing a job
in fast time, regularly shaking the
work together. To some persons It
! might convey the idea of a man whose
w ork was so poor that it was likely
to drop to pieces at any moment.
Actually it is a Jamaican term, and
was used a great deal in Kingston
after the disaster there,
means a man whose work is in wreck
Ing, a man who takes apart the fallen
houses and sorts out the timbers,
It really
The December number of the Popu
lar Magazine contains a remarkable
hunting story by Herbert Quick,
which, while redolent with tire breath
of the Minnesota woods, is neverthe
less one of the most remarkable tales
of high finance ever written. Another
good story in this number of the Pop
ular is "Stocky Brown," a complete
novel by Craig Middleton, comprising
a realistic description of a raid
Now York gambling house, a
wreck and robbery, an excltng man
bunt on a western ranch, and two at
tractive girls both interested ln a
manly and lovable hero. There are
besides these two stories installments
of four serials, a complete novelette,
and six short stories.
on a
train
Are All But Meant to an End.
concep
a man are of no
account if they do not come forward
to strengthen him for the better dis
charge of the duties which devolve
upon him in the ordinary affairs of
life.—-Henry Ward Beecher.
All higher motives, ideals,
tions, sentiments in
The new law offices of State Repre
sentative Harry J. Robinson are ln
rooms 304-5 Judge Building, Salt
Lake City, Utah, to whom ail who
are in need of legal advice are
ferred.
re
Masters of Our Own Destiny,
It Is my own deed which molds
character. If I send out hatred, If I
retaliate, Judge, condemn, or yield to
another's dominating spell, then I
sciously take part in the fray, and
must suffer the consequences.—Hora
tio Dresser.
Bradley Gilman, a classmate of
President Roosevelt at Harvard, has
written a story of adventure in Egypt
called "A Son of the Desert," which
will be published serially ln SL Nicho
las in 1909. A young American lad is
a leading character; and the narrativ»
among other incidents of stirring
interest, an account of a terrific sand
storm, and a capture by brigands wh-o
are outwitted by an explosion of dyna
mite, and a subterranean
my
con
has.
escape.
Only Question of Tl
When a woman who trots
me.
around all
day marries a man who runs around
all night, It is only a question of time
until one of them exceeds the speed
limit.—Galveston News.
Ainslee's for December has
usual quota of stories of
highest quality. Among the
the
the verv
contribu
tors are Joseph C. Lincoln, Mary H.
Yorse, Beatrix Demarest Lloyd*Clara
U. Laugh-lin, Will Levlngton Comfort
Francis Willing Wharton, George Lee
Burton, E. Nesblt, Owen Oliver, Quen
tin M. Drake, Waiter L.
Mabel Nelson Thurston.
Sawyer, and
Politeness s Valuable Aaaet.
The more exalted
tlon. the
a man la by Bta>
more powerful should he be
by kindness. There is
... no policy ilka
politeness, since a good manner often
succeds where the best tongue haa
failed. Politeness Is most useful
spire confidence In the timid
courage the deserving.—Magoon.
to ln
and en
Telling the Truth.
The fellow who tells the truth and
only the truth all the time, won't be
popular but he'll get a rain-check for
heaven, all right —Manchester Union