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:<J .. fU Um of • Syphon. A syphon may be used for raising water over an elevation of twenty-four or twenty-six feet, but no more. The principle of the action of the syphon Is this: The atmospheric pressure on any surface is equal to the weight of a column of water thirty feet high. So that, in a vacuum, when the air Is ex hausted, a column of water thirty feet high will rise by the pressure of the air on the source of supply to ih Thus a pump, made air-tight, will draw water out of a well thirty feet deep. If there Is no loss by friction or leaking of air. But to allow for as much of these as cannot be avoided In practice, a fairly good pump will raise water twenty-live feet. Now, If we arrange a bent pipe as In the diagram, and draw the water over the hill to the * outlet by a pump attached to it, and then remove the pump, the water will continue to flow in spite of obstacles over a hill or elevation of twenty-five feet tfhls is because the longer col umn of water in the outlet pipe draws the water over the hill, for the reason that as the water flows from the lower end of course it makes a vacuum or •TPHON IH USE. empty space on the other end of the pipe In which there is no air, and the pressure of the air on the water of the spring Instantly compels the water to flow up the pipe and over the top and down to the outlet. So that If the well Is not over twenty-five or twenty-six feet deep, and the outlet of the pipe Is more than this, the water will con tinue to flow, once It la drawn over the elevation. But, as water always has some air dissolved in it, and this es capes as the water flows up the pipe, It collects at the top, and, In time, makes a large bubble, which stops the water, until the air is got out and a new start Is made. This Is done by filling the pipe at the place marked at the top, closing each end by taps pro vided for this, and then starting the flow again. Grow Mora Corn. The farmers who are feeding out timothy hay, and seeing their neigh bors selling load after load of It at a good price, while their cattle are kept In good condition and their cows are giving mote milk on corn fodder than those do that are eating high-priced bay. must feel like asking some one to kick them now, and then come around and kick them again next spring until they promise either to plant corn or *ow com In drills and save the fodder for next winter's use. Yet this is but one small part of their loss. Those who had a plenty of com fodder to use dur ing the dry time last summer kept their cows up to full milk production then, and began the fall with them in much better condition than were those that had to depend upon the pasture alone, and thus they will have more milk every day and milk more days this win ter than those who trusted to the grass crop alone. Yet not one-half the latter will be much more ready to look ahead next spring than they were last spring. —American Cultivator. Poultry House. Tha poultry-house plan here shown has been found very satisfactory ln Urge flocks. Each apartment is In tended for a separate flock, and will accommodate twenty fowls, which Is as many as may be safely kept to begin with. After one has gained experience fifty fowls may be kept ln a house of the right sise. The house is twenty feet long, eight feet high in the front, and five ln the rear, and fifteen feet wide, which gives room for twenty fowls ln each house. These houses may be built In a row of as many as may be desired, giving a wire fenced GOOD POULTBT BOUSE. yard for each flock, with an open shed which may bo used ln the summer for the birds to roost in. If this house is made tight by a tar-paper lining, it will be sufficiently warm for the winter. No floor Is required; the earth. If it is dry, will be the best; but this should be well covered with coarse sand or saw dust The Bacon Type. The fact that few understand the type mt hog which the bacon market requires has perhaps been the main reason why It Is generally accepted that It costs mac* per pound to raise a hog of the haosn type than one of the bud t* y» It Is not commonly thought that the hogs of the bacon type are improved breeds. It is generally supposed that they are hogs having all the character istlcs of the razor-backed native hogs that represent all that is undesirable for feeding purposes. The first point necessary to make clear is that a thin hog Is not In any sense a bacon hog. In the bacon hog it Is desirable to have about one and a half inches of fat with an abundance of lean flesh In the car cass. It is flesh, muscle or lean meat that is desirable and not In any sense a thin carcass. An important point among the desirable characteristics of the bacon hog Is that of form. The side should be as long as possible, with great depth, and levelness from shoul der to hip should be the leading charac teristic. The shoulder should not bulge out and the hams should not be pendant and plump as In the case of the lard hog. If a straight edge is laid along the side of the typical bacon hog it should touch every point from the start of the shoulder to the end of the hind quarter. Horae Talk. Horse-breeders have every reason to feel joyous over the demand for good horses, both at home and abroad. The great complaint of the dealers Is that they find it difficult to keep up to the demand. Those who breed and handle good horses will have a long period of pros perity. Go out to the fairs and shows and some good, large markets, and what is called for. and you will be cured of breeding scrubs, and your your eyes will be pened. 'One of the best devices I know of Is the safety strap attached to the ends of the shafts. Take a screw-eye and put it exactly in the middle end of each shaft. Sew or rivet a half-inch strnp in each eye and Join them in the middle with a buckle. . When your horse Is hitched up, buckle this strap and you will find lt Impossible for him to catch the rein under the shafts or to run the shafts through the ring of the bit It is in valuable In fly-time, or ln breaking colts. Once used you will have them on every rig. Wise horsemen employ less of corn or meal and more of oats in warm weather. Horse stalls should be either four or six feet wide. If five feet the animal is likely to get fast. Pour feet is too narrow to get fast and six is wide enough to freely roll in. Have the stalls wide If possible, for your horses, like yourself, will work better after a comfortable rest - Thoronschbred stallion. The thorouhbred stallion Royal Mask, the property of M,r. Edward Mitchell, Derryvullen, Enniskillen, Ire land. Is a 10-year-old chestnut bred ---— BOTAL MASK. ----—----must by Mr. R. T. Beddington, got by Mask, dam Princess Victoria by Prince Char lie. He won first prize and Croker challenge cup at the Royal Dublin So clety's show last month. From his shape as well as his bone and sub stance he well fulfills the conditions as a weight-carrying hunter sire. - Improve the Home. If improved financial conditions on the farm have cleared the owner of all Indebtedness and left a surplus, such surplus by every right should be used first to Improve the conditions of the farm home—to secure some of the com forts so long wanted. Give mother f 160 and tell her to put It where It will do the most good, get a new surrey to go to kirk In, and with It get a light haruess for the team, for Norman horses, plow harness and surrey don't match well. Take a trip off with your wife and don't go In a suit of $8 ready made either. Paint the house and put on a new porch and fix the windmill so that you can have a system of water works ln your home. Send those two boys to a commercial school this win ter and pay their bills, and put $16 or $20 into good papers and magazines. Entertain your friends and in a gen eral way live so as to get the worth of your money and enjoy life. Fertilisera for t-mall Fruits. A number of brands of fertilizer* have been prepared by the different manufacturers, especially for the small fruits, and 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per acre will give good results. For those who desire to prepare their own mix tures, however, the Michigan station recommends 100 pounds of nitrate of soda, 800 pounds of ground bone and 100 bushels of wood ashes or If thee* cannot be obtained 400 pounds of pot ash salts, either muriate or »»i pN iV* SOUVENIR OF A TRAGIDY. ■ Butt*!*! t*r*n«tt» Presented Wlfs by Booth. The daughter of a United States Sen ator has a lorgnette which was pre sented to her mother by 3. Wilkes Booth. The story, which is now print ed for the first time, is as follows: Booth rented a room the night before the assassination in the Washington Hotel, where Henry Clay died. The house was crowded with guests, and the corridors after dinner were filled w4 th women of note and beauty. Booth, who was fond of admiration, comminr K*ed with the assemblage, and was pro sen ted to many. He carried a hand somely mounted lorgnette which a Sen ator's wife complimented. She knew the Booth family, Edwin Booth having been a guest at her home. This fact was sufficient warrant for J. Wilkes Booth to be unusually gracious, and when the Senator's wife admired the actor's lorgnette he begged the favor of presenting it to her. The following night occurred the tragedy. In the pre llminary Investigation which followed the Senator's wife and another woman who was with her the evening she met Booth were subjected to a most rigid Inquiry as to Booth's manner, The daughter of the Senator's wife, now a prominent society woman of her home, tells this story In connection with the Investigation: "My poor mother was questioned and cross-questioned by a lawyer and a de tectlve touching her meeting with Booth. But she was unable to give them any information concerning Booth's manner except that he waa gal fant. nard as they tried to learn any thing from her, she could remember oothing showing that Booth contem plated crime, nothing Indicating that he iver thought of such a thing. He waa ta a Jovial mood and spoke of some fu ture events with confidence. I do not think my mother ever quite recovered from the effects of the Incident. She tept the lorgnette for some years, never and finally she pre . , ? nted . U me ' 1 am not supers« Uous, but I have never yet tried to us* this lorgnette that something unusual lid not occur. The first night I carried t my horse had an accident which mad* 3s late In arriving at the theater, and when we got there we found the play postponed. Once it was misplaced and mddenly turned up. On another occa 140114t was loan<?d to a friend, who waa tak « n 1111 ln b« r box and nearly died be f°re she got home. I still have it, but 4 bave never used it, although I mean 40 some day."—Philadelphia Item, any. In a quarry, from which the work- men were engaged in getting out stone for the foundations of Princeton Col lege, a wide crack in the rocks was dis covered, which led downward to a large cavity: and In this cave were found about twenty bushels of rattlesnake bones. There was no reason to believe that this was a snake cemetery, to whlck the creatures retired when they sup posed they were approaching the end of their days; but It was, without doubt a great rattlesnake trap. I The winding, narrow passage leading to it must have been very attractive to a snake seeking retired quarters ln which to take its long winter nap. Al A Rattlesnake Trap. Rattlesnakes were the most danger ous wild animals with which the early ■ettlers of New Jersey had to contend. They were very numerous, and their bite, if not treated properly at once, was generally fatal. In "Stories from American History" F. R. Stockton cites »n incident which gives an idea of the abundance of rattlers in the new c*P ..... . ^ ... though the cave at the bottom of th* great crack was easy enough to get into, It was so arranged that it difficult. If not Impossible, for a snake to get out of it, especially ln the spring, when these creatures are very thin and weak, having been nourished all winter by their own fat. Thus year after year the rattlesnake* have gone down Into that cavity, without knowing that they could never get out again. -. When Juba Hit It. I "After having supplied a moonshiner ln a South Carolina Jail with a month's supply of smoking tobacco," said a gov- ernment surveyor, "I presumed upon the deed to ask: " 'Didn't you know It was against the law to manufacture moonshine whisky r " 'I heard that was a law once,' he replied. " 'What do you mean by once?* " 'Why, Juba French told me thar was sich a law, but when I asked Jim Truman about It he says that Juba Is »Ich a liar that nobody kin believe him under oath, and so I reckoned I was safe to go ahead. Shoo, but I won der how Juba come to tell the truth fur that one timer "—Washington Post -—--- Unmarried Men and Women. Tak4u ttthe Australian colonies in th* aggregate > there are only seventy-flv* uumarrled fema les for every one hun drtd unmarried males. In New South " ales alone, according to the last cen BU8 ' tbere ar ® near,y 100 ' 000 "ore un marrled malea than unmarried fe m alea, in \lctoria the excess is up wards of 75,000; ln Queensland it is almost 67,000; ln Southern Australia, over 17,000; in Western Australia, 0,000; in Tasmania about the same; and ln New Zealand, a little less than 44,000. Or Start an "Ideal" Daily Paper. She—"Just imagine! Suppose- «« were so Immensely wealthy that you couldn't possibly spend your Income, What would you do 7" Ha—"Marry you."-Harper's Basar __ ' It takes tw* to make an agreem««* and a lawyer to get th* beet of U. CAME TO BE i H ow Wa shinctqn n T took more thnn ten years of bard and bitter fighting in Congress to fix the location of the national cap Ital at Washington, the centennial of which action was recently celebrated, Several times during that period of struggle it seemed certain that the "Federal City" would be located else where. Once such action was pre rented only by the casting vote of Vice President John Adams In the United States Senate after the House had Passed a bill fixing the location of the CAPITOL BU1LDIXG IN 1800. ' a Pitul on the "east bank of the River ® U8 QUohanna, ' and the Senate had taken a tle vot * on the same proposi tiou ' ° n another occasion a bill ameud eU by tbe Sonate 80 that the seat of ua tloual government was fixed at Ger maut own, Pa„ was passed by the House and Anally failed of adoption be S? use of an amendment made by the " OU8e tbat tl,e state of Pennsylvania 8 oa * d have control over the national et '' ory until Congress should pass 8U,table laws for Its government. This amendment required further action by ^e Senate but In the g hurt' tv,,, Senate had adjourned and the amend ed bill was never heard of again. By such apparent accidents and by such small chances was the choice of a site for the Federal Government guided. The final selection of "the banks of the Potomac" was the result of a com promise, ln which Jefferson played the most important part. The story of Washington's founding and growth Is most Interesting. In the year 1788 all there was to show of the Federal capital of the young republic was a provision of the Constitution for the establishment of such a city upon territory outside the limits of all the constituent States. In that year the Legislature of Maryland passed an act 40 cede to Congress a district ten nil * e8 square in this State for the seat , th ®, Government of the United , ta *f 8 - About a year later an act of f lm41ar lm P°^ was Passed by the Leg 88 Ule ot ' irginia. Meanwhile, the Federal Legislature, sitting in New York, carried on a heated and acri monious wrangle over the question of a permanent seat for itself and its suc cessors. Eventually it was decided to accept the offer of Maryland and Vir ginia, despite the most violent opposi tion ln some quarters, and the Senate bill in favor of the proffered site was signed by George Washington, July 16, 1790. The Senate act left a great deal to the President's discretion. The area of his choice extended 105 miles along the serpentine course of the Potomac, from Williamsport to Hagerstown, and it is certain that the final determina tion was largely due to Washington's own preference. It also rested with him alone to appoint three commission ers Provided for by Congress to survey a nd plot the Federal District to ac quire land by purchase or the accept was_____ BU1M 09 THE NATIONAL CAPITOL APTKB IT WAS BURNED BT THB BRITISH. I Tb« lands accepted by the nation from Maryland and Virginia were laid out and sites were chosen for the public buildings, but then trouble arose. Con siderable difficulty was encountered when an effort was made to acquire freehold titles to the land required for the Public buildings, but patient per suasion overcame all obstacles, and ^ arc b 30, 1791, nineteen proprietors of the soil signed an agreement conveying their property in trust to the chief executive to be laid off as a Federal city. Four days earlier than this date Major Peter Charles L'Enfant, one of the soldiers who accompanied Lafay ette to the United States and who was named as the engineer to draw the plans, had presented his report to the President. L'Enfant's idea of what the Federal capital should be was much more like what it has now be come than the monotonous rectangular block arrangement which seemed good to Thomas Jefferson and other Americans of that day. Some of his «Prions were objected to, but he re rused to chan « e them - 80 he was called ance of gifts, and to provide "suitable buildings for the accommodation of Congress and for the pubic offices of the Government prior to the first Mon day of December, 1800." Difficulties Encountered. Everything went smoothly for a time. upon tp reslgn bls P° sIt,on - and he was 8Ucceeded by Andrew Ellicott, of Penn sylvanla. The corneratolle of 016 Federal Dls trlct was laid at Hunter's Point on April 15, 1791, and a site was chosen for the Capitol of the United States on Cern Ably Manor, the lord of which was Daniel Carroll. To obtain the best design for the building itself a prize of a city lot and $500 was offered for open competition. The plant was to be sent in before July 15, 1792. The prize was so small that but little effort among competent architects was excited and but seventeen sketches were offered. The plans of William Thornton, a phy sician of English parentage, were ac cepted, and the corner stone of the Capitol Building was laid with great pomp and full Masonic ritual Sept. 18, 1793. The Removal from Philadelphia. On the first Monday of December, 1800, the Federal Government, Legisla ture, judiciary and executive, removed from Philadelphia, where it had been seated since 1790, to its new home. The Federal archives and a large number of clerks and subordinate officials were brought round by the river in a coast ing sloop and set down at what, with few exceptions, they regarded as a hideous and unwholesome swamp be yond the confines of civilization. Every body, from the Treasury clerks and their families, up to Mrs. Adams, the President's wife, grumbled and repined at the change. The Capitol was un finished and made, as they universally complained, a very unfit shelter for the nation's legislators. Of the latter, when Congress assembled, only a few could find board and lodging within the lim its of the Federal city itself. At that time the capital was the butt of much foreign ridicule. Everything about It was but promissary and based on hope, and the streets without end, and almost without houses, suggested to the foreign minister the mocking sobriquet which by the present gener ation is held In such high favor, "the City of Magnificent Distances." Nevertheless, in spite of ridicule from without and discontent within, the TKMPOKABY CAPITOL IN 1814 . Government of the United States re mained at Washington until, after the battle of Bladensburg, in 1814, the city was entered by the British army under General Ross. But the British occupa tion of the city was not for long, and Congress held its sittings in the Su preme Court building until a new Capi tol should be ready for it. Its Remarkable Growth. This, the present magnificent struc ture, was begun in 1818 and finished sufficientlyfortempornry purposes nine years later. The cornerstone of the ex tensions was laid in 1851. After the Civil War began the most glorious period of the Federal city's material prosperity. At that time Washington was by no means a convenient or healthy place to live in, the drainage, paving and lighting all being discredit able. But in 1871 Congress annulled the municipal charter by which the city was governed and placed the District on the footing of a Territory of the United States. Then was inaug urated an era for the better in all the outward aspects of Washington, and since then the thoroughfares, the parks, the public buildings, both Fed eral and municipal, have increased in dignity and beauty, until to-day it is difficult to realize a condition of affairs at the capital of the United States which would have given subjects of of the older nations occasion for jeer ing at its squalor and insignificance. The Territorial form of government has since been abandoned, and the gov ernment of the whole district placed in the hands of commissioners. In the Washington of to-day are to be seen some of the most magnificent of public buildings. The Capitol is far famed for its beauty of architectural design and finish, and the Treasury, the White House, Library and Patent Office are all magnificent examples of architecture. There are a host of flue private buildings, palatial residences offices, churches, and four great univer sities, and their value all told is not less than $250,000,000. Right In the city there are 4,689 acres of parks, and three grand wooded districts, with the magnificent buildings, combine to make Washington one of the finest if not the finest, city in the world, and marvelous when compared with the prospects entertained for it by those whom it was laid out a century ago. Lunatic on His Dignity. A story is told of an Irish lunatic who believed himself to be the Deity. What is known as "a woman of inquiring nature" visited the asylum and asked him if he knew all things. He answer ed, "Yes, madam, 1 know all that has happened, Is happening and will hap pen." "Then tell me," said the visitor "shall I be saved or damned?" To her the lunatic, with amazing dignity, said "Madam, I never talk shop." shop." Some men spend the last half of their live* discovering mistake* they made in the firat half. a A MECHANICAL GENUA San Francisco Lad Who Makes Mela of Battleships. Eddie Von Geldern, a 13-year-ol boy, one year ago, after a single boos In spection of the United States battehlp Iowa, went off and executed a rewrit able model of the ship, accurate «pro portion and delicate in detail, om posed of odd scraps and waste pfeed up about his own home and in his neighbors' back yards. He has »w, unaided and untaught, constructeAut of odds and ends of materials, wll a few odd tools, partly of his own mSU facture and contrivance, models a a steam engine and electric car gpd enough to be exhibited before ke Technical Society of the Pacific at ta last meeting in Academy of Scien^ building, and which commanded ns respectful attention of the members that grave and dignified body. The steam engine Is an élabora piece of work, perfected, as a mod or a sketch, to use the boy's own tera down to some of its finest details. Th boiler is made of strips of tin, neatl turned and riveted together, the nailed down to a foundation board, s that they appear, together with a aim liar strip of zinc at the front, to consist of a series of castings. The sandbrake consists of a metallic tip taken from the end of a discarded curtain pole, and a circular tin can forms the smoke stack. The headlight is set ln a little box constructed by the boy's deft bands, but for the ornament which caps it he is indebted to his mother's discarded curtain poles. There are steam cylinders with eccentric move, ments, symmetrical and accurately proportioned, and a whole system of running gear aud mechanism beneath, down to the compressed airbrake and hose, all as conscientiously executed as If the lives of human passengers de pended upon their being carried out to the finest detail. In the engine cab the boy has accom plished some of his most patient Imi tative work, for It Is rigged with a throttle and steam gauge, the doors to the boiler and furnace being carefully defined. On one side the engineer's raised seat Is carefully padded, and hs Is even furnished with the usual pad ded arm-rest on the window, while the bell rope dangles above the fireman's seat opposite. All of the other windows ln the cabs are glazed with discarded camera plates. The engine Is abont three and one-half feet long and of proportionate breadth and height The trolley car, four feet long or more, Is a less complex structure, but shows the same fidelity, patience and accuracy, and Is one of the most hon est make-believe cars possible, from the stout wheels beneath, taken out of cord and tackle pulleys, to the trolley, which reaches up to draw power from an invisible wire. "That trolley was an old bamboo fishing rod once upon a time," ex plains the young builder gravely. 'T had to buy the glass for the windows, for there weren't any dry plates ths right size, you see. I've got the adver tisements along the top of the wall above them. If you'll look ln you can see.'* The seats, simulated to represent the rolling curves of the slatted benches extending along the sides of the car, were hacked out with the aid of an old Jackknife, and beneath the car, at each end, the boy has built that ab solute essential to street cars ln every civilized community, Bafety fenders of as ingenious a pattern as he could de vise.—San Francisco Chronicle. What Frightened Him. While crossing the Isthmus of Pana ma by rail, some years ago, the con ductor obligingly stopped the train tor Mr. Campion to gather some beauti ful crimson flowers by the roadside. It was midday and intensely hot. In his "On the Frontier" Mr. Campion tells a peculiar story of this flower picking experience. I refused offers of assistance, and went alone to pluck the flowers. After gathering a handful I noticed a large bed of plants, knee-high, and of deli cate form and a beautiful green shade. I walked to them, broke off a fine spray and placed It with my flowers. To my amazement I saw that I had gathered a withered, shriveled, brown ish weed. I threw It away, carefully selected a large, bright green plant and plucked It. Again I had in my hand a bunch of withered leaves. It flashed through my mind that a sudden attack of Panama fever, which was very prevalent and much talked of, had struck me delirious. I went "off my head" from fright n a panic I threw the flowers down, and was about to run to the train. I looked around; nothing seemed strange. I felt my pulse-all right. I was in a perspiration, but the heat would have made a lizard perspire. t nottced that the Plants where I stood seemed shrunken and wilted. branch 1 'V PUt " y fl,lger on a fre8h branch. Instantly the leaves shrunk and began to change color. I had been frightened by sensitive plants. u Go Wrong. boy ;" the great man, "I ns j? d . to shine shoes myself." Well," replied the bootblack "dev'a 1""« «w. -ut I.M Philadelphia North American. öfeii^taChin». ago* 8 ** were worn ln China 4 - ß0 ® J Finland Wolv^T Finland loses $27,500 worth of cattle a year by wolves. «" V?« tne wonder8 of chlirfh —* thatjttown people can get up without aa^hnhlS* 8 f ° r Bhow ' Tbe thinnest f"® bubblea we« the gaudiest