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WORLD HOT YET WDRMAL im 920 European Nations, Especially, Are Beset With Troubles Dur ing Period of Readjustment PRINCIPAL EVENTS REVIEWED Failure of Senat« te Ratify Peace Trealjr Leaves United State« Tech nically at War—Presidential Election Holds Interest. By DONALD F. BIGGS. The world throughout the year 1920 was passing through the troublesome period of readjustment and reaction that .began with the close of the World war. Of all the great powers that had been involved in the conflict, the Unit ed States alone remained technically in a state of war with Germany through the failure of the senatfe to ratify the peace treaty. For all prac tical purposes, however, the United States was at peace and conditions in this country were more nearly normal than In most of the nations of Europe which had accepted the settlements agreed upon by the peace conference at Paris. Although the great war had ended, the weral was not at peace in 1920. Territorial disputes and jealousies growing out of the war resulted In a large number of minor conflicts. The Irish problem remained un solved and the situation in the Emer ald Isle grew more serious as the year progressed. In the United States, de spite minor radical activities and the uncertainties accompanying the read justment of business and industrial conditions, there was continued pros perity and optimism. • INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The World war was formally ended January IB when Germany and four teen of the powers allied against her In the war exchanged ratifications of Uw Treaty of Versailles at Paris. Tlie United States, however, was not among the nations participating In this ceremony, as the treaty had not beèn ratified by the senate. The League of Nations came Into actual being at Paris January 16 when the executive council held its first meeting with representatives from Bel gium, Brazil, England, Italy». France, Japan, Greece and Simla participat ing. ' The Russian government made a step toward securing peace with its warring neighbors by concluding treaties with Ukraine ontl Esthonia. The Turkish peace terms were com pleted on March 3, and a week later the Allies decided to use force to im pose the terms upon Turkey, sending troops-to occupy Constantinople. The «Hied forces occupied the Turkish capital without opposition Polish troops began ( a spring offen sive against the Russian Rolshevikl in the Baltic region on Mardi 23. Warsaw reported heavy fighting at many points on the 400-mile front. Three days lat er Poland offered peace terms to Rus sia, providing for restoration of the kingdom of 1772, return of art and other treasures, and an indemnity for invasions since 1914. Polish troops ad ministered a severe defeat to the Boi sheviki at Podolia April 13. The Poles and Ukrainians negotiat ed a treaty on April 27, recognizing Ukrainian Independence from Russia. A combined army of Poles and Ukrain ians then launched an offensive against the Russian "Red" forces, capturing Kiev on May 8 and the great port of Odessa on May 11. Bolshevik troops invaded Persia at Astara May 18. forcing the withdrawal of British troops. Bolshevik troops on the Polish front were re-enforced and launched an attack on a ninety mile front. Reeking to open communi cation with East Prussia. On June 3 fhey succeeded In flanking and driving back General Pilsudski's Polish troops. The supreme council continued its efforts to complete the peace settle ments. The treaty with' Hungary was signed June 4 at Versailles. Ambassa dor Wallace signing for the United States.- Turkey was granted fifteen days additional time to present its views regarding the treaty with that country. While these peace negotiations were In progress, fighting continued at many points. Over 300 Italian prisoners were killed by Albanians at Tirana on June 18 in retaliation for the assassination of Essad Pasha in Paris on June 13. Supported by British troops and bat tleships at Malta and Constantlnoplé, the Greeks began a campaign to oust the Turkish Nationalists from parts of Asia Minor. On July 7 the Bolshevik troops cap tured Rovono, throwing the Poles into retreat on the entire front. Poland opened negotiation* for an armistice and these continued for a week when It was reported that Russia had or dered the postponement of the nego tiations and the capture of Warsaw. Bolshevist troops captured Lomza and Breet-Litovsk, and began a drive on Lemberg August L During the next two weeks they continued to advance and on August 17 were within twelve miles of Warsaw. The Polish capital seemed doomed, but on the 17th the Poles launched a great counter-of fensive and drove the Boisheviki back in disorder. Heartened liy the crush ing blow given the Russian forces, '.he Poles rejected the Bolshevik peace terms. In the'meantime on August 11, the French foreign office surprised the Oth er powers by giving recognition to General Wrangel's de facto govern ment in South Rus^q. The Turkish peace treaty was signed on .August 10 by all nations concerned except Serbia and the Hedjaz. Soviet Russia continued Its effort to make peace with Its neighbors by signing a treaty with Letvia and agreeing "no armistice terms with Finland. On October 12 the Poles signed an armistice and preliminary peace treaty with Russia to become effective Oc tober 18. The cessation of hostilities on the Polish fronts enabled the Boisheviki to strengthen their other fronts. Di rected by Trotzky, the war minister, the Boisheviki launched a violent of fensive on Ocfober 31 against the South Russian armies commanded by General Wrangel. They succeeded in smashing General Wrangel's forces and drove oji through Crimea. The Boisheviki forces captured Se bustopol November 14. General Wrangel and the remnants of his army were on board American, French and British warships which steamed ont of the harbor as the Boisheviki en tered the city. An agreement on the Adriatic ques tion was reached November 10 at a conference between the Jugo-Slavs and the Italians and a Jreaty embody ing the agreement was signed at Ra pallo two days later. The Assembly of the League of Na tions opened its first session at Ge neva November 15, Paul H.vmans of Belgium being elected president. On November 29 President Wilson accepted an invitation extended by the Council of the Leagueof Nations to act as mediator between Armenia and Turkey.. Two days later the Russia Bolshevik took Erivan and announced the establishment of a soviet Armenian republic. On December 3 Armenia and the Turkish Nationalists signed a treaty of peace. Several attempts to secure action on amendments to the covenant of the League of Nations were voted down by the league assembly. Because of this action the Argentine delegates to the assembly withdrew on December 3. On December 1 Austria was admit ted to the league, the first of the allies of Germany to be granted member ship. FOREIGN AFFAIRS With Continual strife, amounting vir tually to civil war, in Ireland, with spasmodic revolutionary outbreaks in Germany, with counter-revolutionary movements developing at intervals in Russia, with civil war in China and with political upheavals in France, Italy, Greece and other countries, the unrest and changing conditions growing out of the World war were reflected In the disturbed internal con ditions of many countries of the old world in 1920. One of tlie unexpected political de velopments of the early days of the year was the failure of Premier Cle menceau to obtain election as presi dent of France upon the expiration of the term of President Poincare. Paul Deschanel was elected on January 17 and the following day Clemenceau'* cabinet resigned. Alexandre Miller and formed a new cabinet at the re quest of President Poincare. The All-Russian government In Si beria, headed by Admiral Alexander B. Kolchak, was finally destroyed with the killing of Admiral Kolchak by So cial Revolutionists at Irkutsk on Feb ruary 7. In Great Britain the government took Its first definite step toward a settlement of the Irish Question on February 25 by presenting to the bouse of commons Its Irish home rule hill, providing for autonomous rule under a dual parliament, repre senting both the north and the south. On March 10 Ulster voted to accept the bill! A new counter-revolution, directed by militarists, broke out' in Berlin March 13. The revolutionists gained control of Berlin and Dr. Wolfgang Kapp proclaimed himself chancellor. The revolution was short-lived, how ever, ending in failure on the 16th when Dr. Kapp resigned. The Irish situation continued to at tract the attention of the world. On March 19 the mayor of Cork was kill ed by assassins. In the House of Commons ihe Irish Home Rule bill passed its second reading on March 31. 348 to 94. On April 4 Irish tax offices and records were burned at many points and wire communication from Belfast was cut. In Mexico tlie presidential campaign developed a revolution which resulted eventually in the overthrow of the Carranza government. On April 10 the state of Sonora withdrew from the republic and fighting between the Sonora troops and federal forces be gan. By April 21 nine Mexican states had joined the secession movement. The' revolutionary movement gained rapidly and on May 7 President Car ranza fled froifi Mexico City toward the eastern coast. On May 22 Car rar.za. the fugitive president, was shot and killed by troops in his escort While asleep. A cabinet crisis In Italy on June 9 resulted in the resignation of Premier Nitti and his cabinet. Signor Orlando also resigned as president of the cham ber. A new cabinet was formed June 17 under former Premier Giovanni Gl olittl. O b June 27 Italian troops mu tinied at Ancoun and "Red" upris ings broke out all over Italy in what uppeared to be a concerted auarchist plot. » On Augnst 13 Mayor Terence Mac Swlney of Cork was i\rrested by Brit ish troops for sedition In holding a Sinn Fein court at the City Hall. He was convicted by a court martial on the 17th and taken to an English pria on, where he Immediately entered up on a. hunger strike. Riots and In cendiarism continued to assume more serious proportions at many points. In the constitutional election held in Mexico September 5 General Al vara Obregon was elected president. President Deschanel of France re signed September 21 because of III health and on the 23rd Premier Alex andre Mlllerand was elected to succeed him. Georges Leygues, minister of marine under Clemenceau, became pre mier. Further disturbances were reported in Italy during October. On the 13th leaders of the Socialist party a'nd the General Confederation of Labor or dered demonstrations in every town In Italy In an effort to force the Italian government to recognize soviet Rus sia, and on the following day many persons were killed and wounded in the course of a two-hour strike called as a protest against the arrest of polit ical offenders opposing tlje allied pol icy toward Russia. The government began a drive on the 17th to round up all advocates of violence In the coun try. After a hunger strike of 74 days, which had drawn the attention of the world, Terence MacSwiney, lord mayor of Cork, died in Brixton, prison, Lon don, October 25. Great pressure had been brought to bear to secure Mayor MacSwiney's release, but the govern ment stood firm In its stand against the hunger strikers. King Alexander of Greece died on October 25 as a result of a bite by a pet monkey, and it was announced that the throne would be offered to Prince Paul, third son of former King Constantine. Peace in China seemed -to be finally assured by a proclamation issued by the government November 1, declaring that there had been a reunion of North and South China and calling for the election of a new parliament. Fierce rioting between Unionists and Sinn Feiners broke out in North Belfast, Ireland, November 7. Seri ous disorders were reported also at Londonderry, where five policemen were shot and many ships burned or wrecked. The Irish home rule bill passed the house of commons on Its third reading November 11. At Dublin on November 21, following the murder of 14 British officers, a force of troops raided a football game and fired upon the crowd, killing and wounding a large number of persons. A political upheaval came In Greece with the defeat In the general election on November 14 of the party headed by Premier Venizelos. Premier Veni zelos resigned on November 17 and George Rliallls, former premier and leader among the followers of ex-KIng Constantine, formed a new cabinet. On December 4 the Greek .people, in n plebiscite voted for the return of King Constantine. On December 19 Constantine returned to Athens In triumph. The Irish situation neared a crisis during the closing weeks of the year. Wholesale arrests were made by the British authorities during the last weeks of November, among those taken being Arthur Griffith, acting president of the "Irish republic" and many other Irish leaders. On No vember 28 Irish plotters set fire to several large warehouses on the Liver pool water front and killed two men. Martial law was proclaimed In south Ireland on December 10 and two days later a large part of the business dis trict of Cork was burned In reprisal, it was claimed, for Sinn Fein raids. DOMESTIC The year 1920 being a presidential election year, politics held the atten tion of the people of the United States during I lie greater part of the veflf-. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio was nominated for President by the Republicans at Chicago June 12. The Democratic national convention at San Francisco nominated Governor James M. Cox of Ohio on July 5 on the forty-fourth ballot. In the election on .November 2. the Republican national ticket was elected by an overwhelming majority, receiv-> ing 414 electoral votes while the Demo cratic candidates received 117. The Republicans also won an overwhelm ing majority in congress. By winning their long fight for equal suffrage, t'.ie women of the coun try gained the right to vote for all offices In the November election. Tlie United States Supreme court on January 5 upheld the constitution ality of wartime prohibition and the Volstead enforcement act. On Janu ary 16 nationwide prohibition, under the eighteenth amendment to the Con stitution. went into effect. On January 10 the New York as sembly, with but two dissenting voices, voted to exclude thp five Socialist members of that body, pending trial on charges that the platform of their party is revolutionary. The antl-radlcal campaign resulted in the indictment of 38 leaders of the Communist Labor party in Chicago on January 21. The railroads of the country were returned to private operation on March 1. under the terms of the Cum mins-Esch railroad reorganization act. Senator Truman H. Newberry of Michigan was convicted In the federal court at Grand Rapids on March 20 on charges involving the use of exces sive campaign funds. He and 16 co defendants were given prison sen tences, but remnined at liberty pending an appeal to the higher courts. The trial of the five Socialist mem bers of the New York assembly ended with their Qspulsion from the legisla ture April 1. Several suits had been instituted during the early months of the year attacking the validity of the eight eenth (prohibition) amendment. All these cases were taken to tlie United States Supreme court and on June 7 that tribunal decided that the amend ment and the Volstead enforcement act were constitutional. Big increases in rates were granted the railroads of the country by the Interstate commerce commission July 31 to enable the roads to meet in creased wages. Passenger rates were increased 20 per cent, with a Pullman surcharge of 50 per cent for the rail roads. Freight rates were increased from 25 to 40 per cent In different sec tions of the country. * The trial of the Communist Labor party leaders In Clilcag«, in progress for several months, ended Aagust 2 with the conviction of 20, who were given jail sentences. The five Socialist assemblynea ex pelled from the New Y«rk legislature in the spring, having beea re-elected, were again unseated when the legis lature met In special session Septem ber 21. Sharp drops In the prices «f cotton., wheat and other farm products brought appeals for assistance from the farmers of the country during the latter part of the year. Night riders appeared In southern states ia aa ef fort to force the growers t« hold their cotton for a higher price and a move ment was started to secure the holding of wheat from the market. NATIONAL LEGISLATION The continued fight over the ratifica tion of the'treaty of Versailles, with the League of Nations covenant, re sulting in rejection of the treaty for the second time, occupied the atten tion of the United States senate during the early months of 1920 and monop olized the attention of the public, so far as congressional action was con cerned. The Cummins-Esch bill, un der which the railroads of the country operated after their return to private control, and the army reorganization bill were the principal pieces of legis lation enacted before tfce first regular session of the Sixty-sixth congress ended June 5. On January 10, the house, by a vote of 328 to 6, for the second time re fused to seat Victor Berger, Socialist, who had been re-elected to congress from a Milwaukee district after he had been once barred by tlie house because of his alleged disloyalty dur ing the war. The Water Flower Development bill, which had long been pending In con gress, was passed by the senate Janu ary 15. A similar bill had been adopt ed by the house In July, 1919. Another long congressional fight, for the adoption of the Oil Land Leas ing bill, was ended when the confer ence report was adopted by the bouse on February 10 and the senate two days later. The senate then turned its atteatlon to the peace treaty. The «riginal Lodge reservations were again adopt ed, with some amendments. The treaty, with the réservations, came to a vote on March 19, and f»r the second time failed 40 secure the requisite two thirds majority, the vote being 49 to 35. The following day the rejected treaty was sent back to the President. With no prospect of the early adop tion of the treaty, resolutions declar ing the war at an end were Introduced In both the house and the senate. Both houses adopted the Knox senate res olution. President Wilson vetoed this resolution, however, on May 27. A few days earlier, on May 24, Pres ident Wilson asked the senate for au thority to accept the mandate for Armenia that had been offered by the supreme council. On June 1 the sen ate "respectfully declined" to give tlie President the authority requested. On June 3, the house voted, 343 to 3, the repeal of all war laws except the Lever act and the enemy trading act, the measure already having passed the senate, but President Wilson withheld his signature from the act and It died, with several other important meas ures, with the adjournment of con gress. On the day before adjourn ment, President Wilson vetoed tlie budget bill which had been passed by both houses. Congress reconvened on December 6 for the short session., President Wil son in his message, which was read the following day, recommended that the Philippines be given their inde pendence. LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL Industrial unrest which manifested itself during the period of reaction im mediately following the war, became even more marked during the year 1920. Radical activities were involved in some of the labor disputes in this country, but this was true to a much larger extent in tlie labor troubles that beset most of the countries of Europe during the greater part of the year. The first month of the year was marked, in the United States, by the abandonment of the steel workers' strike which had been begun on Sep tember 22. Railroad traffic was tied up In France, February 27, by a general' strike of rail workers. Tlie premier called all the strikers into the ariny, and two days later the strike was set tled by a compromise. Peace was declared between the bituminous coal operators and miners March 31, when they signed a two year agreement based on an award made by the coal commission named by President Wilson. An "outlaw" strike of railroad switchmen began In Chicago April 15. ai^d spread rapidly to other parts of the country. Federal officer» arrested 30 leaders of the strike in Chicago, April 15, on charges of Interfering with the mails and violation of the Lever act. pn April 19 the joint railroad wage board created by the Cummins Esch bill, announced that It would not hear fuses of men who were on strike. A new coal strike* was Inaugurated Ui Illinois and Kansas April 6, five thousand men going <"it because of dissatisfaction with '>e wage awards made by the coal mission. The first of a long series of stri' "s Involving Bolshevik activities took place in Italy March 25, when work« men and peasants In Naples and the provinces of N'ovra, Alexandra. Brex cla and Trevlso, attempted to establish soviets. Troops restored order and the strike ended within two days. On May 1 there were riots in Paris, and railway workers struck for na tionalization of the railroads. French dock workers and coal miners joined the strike on May 5. The French gov ernment took vigorous steps to end the strike, moving to dissolve the Gen eral Federation of Labor and char acterizing the strike leaders as Bolshe vists. The strikes were called off by the General Federation of Labor on May 21. The Railway Labor board announced its decision on wage increases on July 20, awarding increases of from 20 to 27 per cent to nearly 2,000.000 employ ees, the» total increase amounting to abont $600,000,000 a year, about half the raise that employees had asked. The award was accepted by the rail road unions. During the latter part of July coal miners again struck In Illinois, Indi ana and Kansas, but'on July 31 they were ordered back to work, after an appeal had been made by President Wilson. Serious riots occurred at Denver Au gust Ç in connection with a street car strike, many being killed and injured. Federal troops were ordered to Denver to stop the disorders. The Railway Labor board made an other award August 10, granting an increase amounting to $30,000,000 a year to 75.000 railway express workers. On August 30 President Wilson ap proved the majority report of the an thracite wage commission, awarding wage increases of from 17 to 20 per cent. On September 1 anthracite op erators and miners signed a two-year contract based on the award, but thou sands of men remained on what they termed "vacation" ic protest against the award. Industrial conditions grew more se rious in Italy during the late summer and fall. An obstructionist campaign was started by 500,000 workmen on August 22. On August 31, in Loin bardy, 300 metal-working plants were seized by employees and workmen's councils took charge of the plants. On September 14 the workmen's council voted for co-operative management and profit-sharing by the work men. At the same time the workmen took over 200 chemical works and sev eral textile mills. Premier Gitflitti in tervened, and on September 19 the em ployers agreed to his terms of settle ment, granting increases of pay ret roactive to July 15. The workmen ac cepted the settlement and ordered the factories returned to, the owners. An industrial crisis was precipitated in England on October 16 by a strike of 1,000,000 coal miners. On the 28th an agreement was reached for an In crease in wages in consideration of a pledge on the part of the miners to help increase production. The strike was called off November 3. A severe business depression was felt throughout the United States dur ing the closing weeks of the year. The trend toward lower wages was marked by the announcement of the textile mills of New England in December of a I reduction in wages amounting to 22% per cent. SPORTS The revival of interest in sporting events of all kinds which was appar ent in 1919, following almost a com plete suspension of athletic activities (luring the war, was even more marked in 1920. The hrst of five races between Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock IV, chal lenger for the America's cup, and the defender. Resolute, was held off New York July 15. The Shamrock won the first and second races, but the Resolute took the next three, winning the cup on July 27. Charles Evans, Jr. of Chicago, won the western amateur golf championship July 17, and Jock Hutchinson won the western open golf championship Au gust 5. Edward Ray of England won the American open golf championship, August 13. Charles Evans, Jr., won the national amateur golf champion ship. September 11. The United StateS, for the seventh consecutive time, made the biggest score in the Olympic games at Ant werp, Belgium, with 212 points. Fin land was second with 105 and Sweden third with 95. Jack Dempsey retained the heavy weight championship of the world by knocking out Bill Mlske in the third round at Benton Hurbor. Mich., Se|> tember 6. Georges Carpentler of France, knocked out Battling l^evinsky, October 12. and became light heavy weight champion of the world. A sensation was cudfted In the base hall world just before the dose of the seasou by the exposure of a con spiracy by which the world's series of 1919 was "thrown" by the Chicago American league team to the Cincin nati National league team. Seven members of the Chicago team, includ ing several stars, and one former mem ber were accused of accepting bribes, and they later were indicted by a Chi cago grand jury. Cleveland won the American league pennant on October 2 and met the Brooklyn club. National feague pennant winner. In the world series on October 5. Cleveland won the series by taking the seventh game from Brooklyn, October 12. A baseball war was threatened by a conflict between clubs of the American league over plans for a reorganization • of the game. Peace was declared, however, on November 13, and a new board of con' -ol wfts established with Judge Kenesaw M. Landls of Chicago as chairman with an anuual salary of $42.500 a year. Roscoe Sarles won the 250-mile au tomobile race at Los ? :eles Novem ber £J5. In this race (iasion Chevro let was !:Illed In u collision. DISASTERS The world was comparatively free* from disasters causing great loss of life during 1920. Tornadoes in the United States and earthquakes In Italy and Mexico, caused the greatest de struction. Several thousand people were report ed killed by a violent earth shock lit central Mexico January 3, the dam age being particularly heavy in-the western part of Vera Cruz. More than 100 persons were killed, many were injured and heavy property damage was caused by tornadoes which swept Georgia, Alabama. Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois, March 28. Three hundred persons were killed by an explosion of a munitions dump at Rothenstein, East Prussia, April 11. Another tornado caused heavy dam- , age in Alabama, Tennessee and Mis sissippi, April 20. More than 150 per sons were killed and property valued; at $2,000,000 was destroyed. Fifty-nine persons were killed by » tornado in Cherokee county, Okla.,. May 2. Great floods were reported in .Tapait August 19, with heavy loss of life, A severe earthquake in the district north of Florence, in Italy, on Septem ber 7, destroyed 100 towns and killed! about 400 persons. Disastrous earthquakes occurred ia Chile and Central America Decem ber 9, and later in the month. NECROLOGY ' Death took many persons prominent in national and world affairs in 1020. ' Among those who were liest known or most active in their particular fields of labor, were the following: January 3, Nicholas Slc'ard, famous. French painter; January 8, Maud Pow ell, world's foremost woman violinist i January 16, Reginald DeKoven, Amer ican composer and music critic; Jan uary 23, Richard L. Garner, quthor mut explorer; January 24, .Rev. Cyru* Toyvnsend Brady, widely-known author. February 4, Edward Payson Ri|iley„ for 24 years president of Santa Fe railroad; Ohio C. Barber, organizer of the match industry; February ll„ ' Gaby Deslys, noted French dancer ^ ' February 12, Julius Chambers, New York author and explorer; Febrimrv^. 18, Gen. William E. Mickie, for tuaitjü^ years adjutant general of the Uuiteii Confederate veterans; February 20. Rear Admiral Isoliert E. Peary, U. S. N„ retired, discoverer of the North, pole. March 1, John H. Bankhead, senior United States senator from Alabama ~ March 3, John J. O'Shea, Catholic au thor and editor; March 24, Mrs. Humphry Ward, famous English nov elist; March 28, Elmer Apperson, pi oneer automobile manufacturer. April 1, Dr. William Martin, U. S. N., retired, yellow fever expert; April! 6, Laurent Honore Marifueste, French sculptor; April 7, Edward Harold Mott,. humorist; April 11, Ferdinand Roybet,. French artist; April 15, Theodore N' Vail, pioneer in telegraph and tele phone industries. May 1, William Barrett Ridgely, for mer controller of the treasury; May 9. Bishop John II. Vincent of the Meth odist Episcopal church, founder of the Chautauqua assembly ; May 11, Wil liam Dean Howells, famous American novelist; May 16, Levi P. Morton, for mer vice president. June 3, Rev. Charles Augustus Stod dard of New York, author and theo logian'; June 13, Mme. Gahrielle Char lotte Rejane, famous French actress ; June 18, George W. Perkins, New York: financier; June 26, Rev. Dr. William. Henry Roberts, for more than thirty years stated clerk of the Presbyterian, general assembly. July 4, Major General William C. ^ Gorgas, former snrgeon general of the ™ United States army; July 10, John Arbuthnot Fisher, former first lord of the British admiralty; July 11, former Empress Eugenie, widow of Napoleon III; July 22, William K. Vanderhiit,. financier and former railroad presi dent. August 1, J. Frank Hanly. ex-gov ernor of Indiana and Prohibition can didate for president in 1916; Auguat 3, Islinin Randolph of Chicago, noted: engineer; August 10, James O'Neil, fa mous Irish actor: August 16, Sir Nor man Lockyer, eminent English scien tist,; August 26, James Wilson, former secretary of agriculture; September 15,. Raimundo de Madrazo, famous Span ish portrait painter; September 25. Jacob II. Sehtff, American financier and philanthropist. October 2. Winthrop Murray Crane, former United States senator from Massachusetts; October 5, Charles Norrls Williamson, noted English au thor; October 12. Mrs. Ogden Milt*, so cial leader in New York and Paris ; October 13. Charles M. Alexander, fa mous singing evangelist. November 2, Louise Imogen Gniney, American poet and essayist ; Novem ber 9, Ludwig HI. former king of Hn varia ; November 10, Henry Thode, noted German historian; Novemlter 18. I'l'ankiin Fort, former governor of New Jersey ; November 22. Ole Theo bald!. Norwegian violinist; November 23. < Margaret Brewster. American writer. November 30. Eugene TV. Cliatin. prohibition candidate for pres ident in 1H0S and 1912. December 3, Francis L.vnde Stetson, eminent attorney of New York; De cember 10. Horace 1-2. Dodge, autom«* blle manufacturer ; Marquis,! »ella Chio sa. brother of the pope; I>eremher 12. Olive Schreiner, novelist. l&J. U «Siel a frit: I. min i I