The patriot., May 17, 1918, Morning, Image 4

About The patriot. (Glenmora, La.) 1918-1955

Image provided by: Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, LA

                
ROAD
FACTORS IN ROAD BUILDING
Necessity Emphasized in Giving Great,
est Consideration to AU
Local Conditions.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Theory is simply the sign post that
points the way in road building,
while judgment is the vehicle on which
the journey is dependent, says a pub
lication on "The Design of Public
Roads" by the United States depart
ment of agriculture.
The publication emphasizes the
necessity of giving the greatest con
sideration to all local factors in road
construction. In order to furnish the
kind of roads that a community wants
and to furnish them with the least
possible drain on the public treasury,
the person who designs them must be
thoroughly familiar with local condi
tions and must possess the Judgment
necessary to weigh the importance of
all considerations. The publication
makes no attempt to state definite and
exact rules for designing roads to
suit every locality but takes up sep
arately the important features of the
problem with a view to showing the
variations in current practice and the
Influence of some special conditions
with regard to each feature.
In order to select the type of sur
face best adapted to the need of a
particular road, it is necessary to con
sider first, the class of traffic to
which the road will be subjected, and
second, to compare the estimated ulti
mate cost of the different surface
types which would be capable of sat
isfactorily caring for that particular
class of traffic. The number of roads
for which accurate traffic and effi
ciency records have been kept is said
to be insufficient to warrant definite
conclusioris as to the best type for
any particular class of traffic, but the
following summary is said to contain
about as definite information on this
point ns can be drawn from available
records.
(a) Earth roads, when properly
maintained, are satisfactory in dry
weather for a light Tolume of all
kinds of highway traffic.
(b) Sand-clay roads are the same
as earth roads, except that the sur
facing material has been selected care
fully with a view to increasing the
stability of the surface in both wet
and dry weather. They are satisfac
tory for a moderate traffic of horse
drawn vehicles and a light traffic of
automobiles. They seldom are satis
factpry for even a light traffic of
heavy trucks unless the roadbed ma
terial is very stable.
(c) Gravel roads, when well built,
are satisfactory for a heavy traffic of
P? ? : : V
riW&V&i ■< >•>■•' M
Brick or Concrete Roads Are Econom
ical if There is Considerable Heavy
Traffic.
horse-drawn vehicles, n light traffic
of automobiles, and n light traffic of
heavy trucks.
(d) Water-bound macadam roads
are adapted to the same general char
acter of traffic as gravel roads.
(e) Surface-treated macadam roads
are adapted especially for a heavy
traffic of automobiles. They also are
satisfactory for a light traffic of
horse-drawn vehicles and heavy
trucks. In all cases they require con
stant maintenance.
(f) Bituminous roads are suitable
for a heavy traffic of both automobiles
and horse-drawn vehicles and a mod
erate traffic of heavy trucks.
(g) 'Concrete roads are adapted to
the same general class of traffic as
bituminous roads, and generally are
capable of withstanding the traffic of
somewhat heavier vehicles without in
jury.
(h) Brick roads are adapted to the
«nrae general class of traffic as con
crete roads. Either brick or concrete
roads, however, may be economical
for only moderate traffic where other
road-building materials are scarce.
COSTS LITTLE TO FIX ROADS
Expense of Beautifying Highway in
Front of Farm Buildings Is Com
paratively Small.
If costs comparatively little to fix
op. or even beantify the road in front
of the farm buildings—and how much
' ft helps the. looks and general appear
ance of the place! It costs but little
more to have the road so far as It bor
der* the farm not only free from un
sightly weeds and rubbish, but well
graded.
AMERICAN AMBULANCES READY FOR WORK
> -
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mm
v.r. ...
American ambulances in France In front of an infirmary ready to leave
for the front.
ITALIAN FIRMS
AIDED GERMANY
*
Silk, Cotton and Rubber Shipped
to Enemy Through
Switzerland.
LLOYD GEORGE IS BLAMED
Contraband Trade Declared to Have
Been Foetered by British Tariff—
Warnings Go Unheeded by
Italian Government
Rome.—The scandal resulting from
the exposure of the part played by
the Milanese Silk company In supply
ing great quantities of silk waste to
Germany Is spreading. The govern
ment la now la possession of Indispu
table evidence that not only silk waste
but large quantities of cotton and rub
ber have found their way into Ger
many from Italy since the war, form
ing a material aid to the enemy in the
manufacturé of war materials.
Signor Glretti, the radical deputy,
has published an article. In which he
points out that not only Italy hut all
the allies have been remiss In con
trolling exports to neutral countries.
He urged the Italian government in
July, 1915, to prevent the export of
silk to Germany, but it was not pro
hibited until August, 1916, while the
prohibition of silk exports to Switzer
land did not come into operation until
October, 1916.
As to the contraband trade in silk.
Signor Giretti blames Lloyd George for
having, through lack of actual Informa
tion on the question, imposed restric
tions on the import of Italian silk into
England, thus providing the Italian
Germanophiles with a splendid anti
British argument.
It Is now certain that besides silk
waste enormous consignments of cot
ton have been supplied to Germany
from Italy, where trading with the
enemy was organized on such a vast
scale that it is inconceivable how so
much time passed before it was de
tected and repressed.
Controlled by German«.
Judging from the number of silk and
cotton merchants arrested in north
Italy It Is evident that both the silk
and cotton industries were practically
under German control and that the
greater part of the output of the prin
cipal firms was sent to Germany and
utilized in war industries there.
Before the war about three hundred
tons of silk waste were exported from
Italy to Switzerland every year. In
1915 Italian silk exports to Switzer
land increased to about nine hundred
GIRL SCOUT DECORATED
Ruth Colman, a sixteen-year-old
Washington high school girl, has been
decorated*by Mrs. Wilson with a gold
en eaglet, the highest honor awarded
by the girl scout organization. Miss
Colman is the third girl to receive this
honor, the aquirement of 22 proficiency
badges being necessary to earn ihe
coveted golden eaglet
j
]
j
*
tons and in the following year to
5,200 tons. Although the Italian silk
was exported to a neutral country, still
Its ultimate destination was Germany,
where It was needed in the manufac
ture of charges for artillery, airplane
wings and airship envelopes. The
trade continued until a few weeks ago.
During the first 12 days of February
142 tons of raw silk, cotton and flax
were sent to Germany via Switzerland.
It has been said that the silk waste
spinning companies were enabled to
trade with the enemy because nobody
suspected that silk waste could be
utilized by the Germans In war Indus
tries, and in fact silk waste was ex
ported to Germany not only from Italy
but from France as welL
Warnings Unheeded.
Strangely enough there were intelli
gent people who warned the govern
ment and strived to open the eyes of
the under secretary of state Of the
ministry of finance, Signor Basllni,
who presided over the special commit
tee that authorized exportations, that
silk waste was being Msed in Germany
for war industries. Signor Piecaluga,
who warned Signor Basllni In April,
1916, was told that "it would be use
less to forbid the exportation of silk
waste as in any case if the Germans
FRENCH PRAISE
VALOR OF YANKS
*
Victory of Pershing Men at Secti
eprey May Become
Historic.
MANY DEEDS OF HEROISM
Actions of Soldiers In Fight Fully in
Accord With the Finest Ameri
can Traditions—One Kills
Fifteen Huna.
With the American Army in France.
—The shell-tom village of Seicheprey
appears to be destined to hold a proud
place in the story of American partici
pation in the world war. As further
details of the engagement there be
come known there are disclosed deeds
which are fully in accord with the
finest American traditions.
The correspondent is now permitted
to tell of a few cases of individual he
roism, which will convey an idea as
to the mettle of the men. One of
them, David Griggs of East Hampton,
Conn., passed through the enemy bar
i rage at least seven times to carry am
munition to his hard-pressed com
! rades. Twice he was partly buried
■ by earth upturned by shells falling
all around him, but he kept at his
. task.
I Griggs, who is nineteen years old. Is
! so modest that he would not tell his
! story, bnt insisted on speaking of the
j bravery of others. Finally one of
his comrades pointed him out and
said : "That is the bravest man in the
j regiment."
Twice Blown Off Road.
Raymond A. Ferris of Bedford,
! Mass., acting ns a courier, was blown
I off the road twice by the concussion
: of shells. Although stunned and near
: ly crazed by the Intensity of the gun
fire. when he reached the point in the
; rear of the lines to which he was
. sent for ammunition, he carried out
j his orders. Then he asked for a re
j volver, saying he wanted to go out
and fight the Germans, but he faint
ed from exhaustion. When he regain
ed consciousness his first words were,,
inquiry whether his message had been
delivered.
Charles Sinkler. a Philadelphia law
yer. who Is now with the Red Cross,
and was In the thick of the fighting,
told the correspondent of two Ameri
cans who. armed only with automatic
pistols, charged an enemy machine
gun. killed eight Germans and cap
tured the gun. It Is also related that
one American sharpshooter killed 15
j Germans.
In a village a short distance behind
] the front line Gladys and Irene M«v
Intyre, sisters, of Mount Vernon, N. Y.,
were deprived of it they would dis
cover something else to replace it."
Signor Baslinl In an interview later
disclaimed all responsibility, but ad
mitted that he was related by mar*
riage to the chairman of the board of
directors of the Silk Waste Spinning
company, which traded most exten
sively with Germany.
Signor Bonacassa, a member of par
liament, was a prominent shareholder
and member of the board of directors
of the Silk Waste Spinning company.
The Silk Waste Spinning e mpany
was one of the most flourishing con
cerns in Italy and practically monopo
lized the silk waste industry.
There Is every reason to believe Unit
contraband with Germany could not
have been so well organized if it had
not been a labor of love or at least of
gratitude for previous financial assist
ance given by Germany. Nearly every
German industrial concern in Italy had
an Italian name and often an Italian
partner. When war broke out Italo
Gennan industrial concerns were
transformed into apparently essential
ly Italian firms.
BROTHERS OVER THERE,
GIRL TWINS WANT TO GO
New York.—Lucille and Gene
vieve Baker, nineteen-year-old
twins, of Brooklyn, are not sat
isfied with having two brothers
"over there." They presented
themselves at the barge office
with the request that they be
enlisted in the coast guard.
Lieut. L. C. Fnrwell explained
that they were not using women
to gnard piers and warehouses
Just yet. But the twins refused
to consider themselves formally
rejected until similar assurances
had been given by Captain Car
den, commanding officer. They
left the office disappointed, but
hopeful of going to France as
government telephone operators
or stenographers.
Students Quit German.
Martinsburg, \Y. V a—Clean-cut
Americanism is preferable to a high
school diploma for the seniors and
Juniors of the Hedgesville high schooL
They flatly refuse to continue the
study of German, despite the threats
of the school authorities.
Hogs Bring Big Price.
Charleston, Miss.—Forty-four head
of pure-bred Duroc-Jersey hogs were
recently sold here for $18,415, an aver
age of $419 per head.
Salvation Army representatives, dur
ing the height of the engagement hand
ed out coffee, chocolate, doughnuts,
and much good cheer to the soldiers.
They went on with their work while
the shells were falling all around them
and would not leave until at last they
were ordered to do so. Now they are
called "daughters of the regiment."
At another point near the front a
middle-aged, motherly woman, also of
the Salvation Army, is braving the
German shells to dispense comforts to
the men.
"I had to come to France," she said,
"to find out what wonderful boys we
raise In America."
Unstinted praise for the valor and
steadfastness of the American troops
during the German attack at Seiche
prey Is given by the French troops on
the same front. This admiration for
the fighting qualities of his transat
lantic comrades is demonstrated in a
report sent to the general command
ing by the colonel of a French Infan
try regiment which took port In the
Seicheprey engagement.
"1 visited Renneres wood after the
counter-attack in which the position
was recaptured and examined the sit
uation in detail," says the report.
"Everywhere traces of hand-to-hand
fighting show that the American sol
diers, despite two hours of heavy bom
bardment by large caliber guns, de
fended themselves valiantly.
"In the vicinity between the front
trenches and the communication
trench connecting the Judy and Ren
neres woods, two American machine
gunners died fighting on their weap
ons after covering the ground around
with German dead. The enemy suf
fered great losses, thanks to this he
roic resistance.
"Everywhere there are signs of Ger
man wounded having been carried off.
while many German bodies remain be
cause the retiring enemy was unable
to remove them. Numbers of the dead
belong to German storming detach
ments."
Numerous hand-to-hand combats
were fought in the course of this long
struggle, from which the Americans
found themselves obliged to retire to
wurd nightfall, bnt only after destroy
. __.._____ _
™ ^
In Seicheprey a squad of Americans
found several cases of grenades, with
which, they succeeded in putting up a
terrific tight and holding out the entire
day on the northern extremity of tho
village. They refused to surrender
when summoned to do so. At the end
of the fighting only nine of the original
twenty-three were left
An American lieutenant with only
six men patrolled 600 yards of the
front during the entire day and main
tained communication with the bat
talions on his right and left
HEART OF BRITISH EMPIRE
Coed Reasons Why Trafalgar Square,
in London, Has Been Given
That Appellation.
Trafalgar square has been called the
heart of the British empire, the most
truly English spot in London. It is
rot of Leicester square or of Picca
dilly that London Tommy dreams, but
of Trafalgar square, with the statue
of Nelson in the center. The statue
on the slender column is England's
best-loved hero. The figure of Nelson,
three times the natural size, is reared
145 feet in the air, with Landseer's
four lions of bronze at the base.
Many of the i^ost important build
ings of the city are grouped around
the square. The National gallery, with
its art collection, faces the Nelson col
umn. The collection was begun in
1824 and is one of the finest in the
world. In the upper part of the square
is the church of St. Martins-in-the
Ficld, where Nell Gwyn lies buried.
This last bit of information is apt to
interest the visitor more than the fact
that Bacon was christened at the
church's altar.
The column stands at the crossing of
some of the most famous streets in
London. Charles the First walked
down Whitehall to his execution. The
Strand, branching from the square, is
the main artery of the city as well as
the favorite meeting place of the peo
ple. Bustling, noisy, crowded, fond
ly believed by Londoners to be bread.
It Is the busiest street in the empire.
The principal shops and many of tti
hotels are on this street
BUILT BY ORDER OF CZAR
City of Harbin, Railway Center and
Military Depot, Has Also Become
Great Flour Center.
The city of Harbin was built to or
der for the one-time czar of all the
Russins, who, in constructing the
Trans-Siberian railway, found that he
needed the little village of Harbin as
a railway center and military depot.
Only a little diplomatic juggling was
required, and the village began to grow
up and expand before the puzzled eyes
of its peaceful inhabitants. The new
Harbin did not absorb the old part,
but was built beside it. so that the
farmers still continue to raise their
millet and wheat untroubled by diplo
macy and troop maneuvers.
There are few Chinese and almost
no foreigners In the city. Russia dis
courages alien immigration, and by
agreement with China, only Russians
and Chinese are allowed to hold land,
construct houses or have any perma
nent business Interests in Harbin.
Russian railroad officials and workers
and Russian colonists and troops are
the chief residents of the entire neigh
borhood.
Harbin Is called the "flat city." be
cause of its position in the level val
ley of the Sungari river, with moun
tains protecting it on east and west.
It is the flour center of the East. The
fields are covered with grain, and down
on the Sungari river front Manchu
coolies load endless junks with flour
ground in the modérn mills of the
city.
His Use for Bryant's Portrait
Actors are reverent souls, and what
they do not know about the men that
have made our poetry and set down
for the rest of us the thoughts that
we had Dot the time to utter, is of lit
tle moment It is a tale of long ago
that the fair-wigged George Rignold,
who played Henry the Fifth in 1875,
and created a tremendous upheaval
among theater-goers all over the coun
try, was seated one night in his dress
ing room when a caller appeared. A
portrait of the patriarchal looking
William Cullen Bryant was tacked up
over the mirror.
"Ab, Iîlgnoîd," sa!d the visitor, 'Tra
glad to admire cur poet Bryant."
"Bryant? Who's be?"
"Why—why—don't you know?
That's his portrait you have there."
"Is that old file a poet?" Rignold
asked. "Gad! I didn't know. I got
him for a study in wrinkles."
A Raise In Wages.
Everybody likes to have his wages
raised, and everybody feels a little
thrill of pride when he is told he is
going to be paid more for his work.
Did you ever figure It out that you
were being paid wages when you go
to school, and can have them raised
every month if you want to? Sure.
You study, and that's work. You get
paid for your work in knowledge. Sup
pose this month you bring home a re
port card which shows you have been
only fair in arithmetic. That's not
bad. But you want your wages raised.
So you work a little harder and next
month the report is good Instead of
fair. You've had a salary increase.
That's the only way to look at IL—
From the American Boy.
How Finns Keep W2rm.
In many ways the Finns are a very
queer people, as is Illustrated by the
Christian Herald.
It is during the f iribly cold months
that the Finns revel in the mighty
ovens that fill one corner of every
kitchen and often loom up large and
vastly impressive in the other rooms
of a Finn home as well. The tops of
these monster stoves are perfectly flat
and steps lead up on one side.
When the weather becomes bitter!.'
cold and bleak, the entire family wil
take quilts and pillows and, mountin'
to the top of the Mg heater, sprea
down their bedding and sleep ve*
comfortably and contentedly on t!
hard, hot bricks until morning.
ISf a" '$)
w
AYRSHIRE IS GOOD RUSTLER
Animal Is Quite Useful in Sections
Where There Is Much Rough
Land in Pasture.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The Ayrshire breed originated In the
county of Ayr, in southwestern Scot
land. In that region, which borders
on tlie Irish 8eu, the surface is rolling
and has much rough woodland. Pas
tures, therefore, are somewhat sparse
and it Is necessary for animals to
graze large areas in order to obtain
sufficient feed.
It is only within the last hundred
yeurs that Ayrshire» have had a type
well enouga established to be entitled
to the designation of breed.
This breed is not well known in
many sections of the United States—
New England. New York and Penn
sylvania probably contain the largest
number of its representatives. There
is a small distribution In the Middle
Atlantic States, the Pacific Northwest
and other scattered sections.
The color of this breed varies from
the medium red to very dark mahog
any—brown and white. The cattle
i ' J
m*
An Ayrshire Which Won World's
Record for Milk Production.
have long horns which turn outward,
then forward, then upward. Quick,
brisk actions are characteristic of the
animals which seem always to have an
abundant store of energy, and to be
exceptionally alert- Ayrshires have a
highly nervous disposition, which is
useful both for' production and self
support. Probably none of the other
dairy breeds can compare with the
Ayrshires in ability to obtain a liveli
hood on scant pastures. Their ability
as "rustlers" lias made them very use
ful in sections where there is much
rough land in pasture. Cows of this
breed average 1,000 pounds in weight,
and bulls average about 1,600.
Another point of which breeders
of the Ayrshire are very proud is the
uniform, square, level udder with long
body attachment which is common
among the cows.
Milk from Ayrshire cows contains
comparatively little color and h»s the
fat in uniformly small globules which
average smaller in size than for any
other breed. The milk stands shipping
well without churning, and in (*her
respects it is well adapted to the mar
ket milk trade.
For Ayrshires the average of the
2,598 cows that have completed year
ly records for advanced registry is
9,555 pounds of miik testing 3.95 per
cent of butterfat. amounting to 377.51
pounds of fat. The ten highest inllk
producers of this breed range from
25,329 to 18,745 pounds of milk and
the average of these ten highest pro
ducer* is 21,588.8 pounds of milk. The
ten highest butterfat producers among
Ayrshires range from 955.56 to 744.?.'!
pounds, with an average, for these
ten, of S55.4 pounds of butterfat.
INCREASED MILK PRODUCTION
Supplies Food Material More Econom
ically Than Meat or Eggs—
Efficient Dairy Cow,
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Two facts stand out prominently as
reasons for the increased production
and use of milk. The first Is that
miik as purchased on the market
usually supplies food materia! togeth
er with the growth producing elements
more economically than either meat-or
eggs. The second reason Is that the
dairy cow is the most economical pro
ducer of animnl food. One great law
of food conservation is to turn Inedible
feeds into edible foods in the cheap
est possible manner. The dairy cow
will utilize coarse materials. Inedible
by humans, such ns grass, cornstalks,'
bay. etc., and will turn them Into milk,
which is suitable for human food.
Other farm animals also »re convert
ers of coarse roughage Intn^eJWblo
foods, l ut are not so
dairy cow. singly
COWS GIVEN FEED AND CARE
If Prefit Is Net Returned Sïnd Her lo
Shambles and Give Feed to One
That Will.
Give the cows a chance. Feed and
care for them properly. If an animal
does not have it in her to return a
profit or evin pay for the feed given
nere st-tid h*r to the *1 iambics and
rive the feed to cat* that will.