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FiEL:ýý + cr RiI~ CULTIVATION OF CORN. Reasons Why Shallow Culture Is Preferred r to Deep Culture. Every year the question, "Which is preferable for corn, deep or sbhallow [ culture?" is agitated, and each year the advocates for shallow culturo show an increase in numbers. The Farm, Field I and Fireside has recently opened its col- 1 um:s to this annual discussio;. From c Columbia, Mo., a correspondent writes a as follows: Shallow culture has the preference i for those reasons; 1. In the avcrago sea son a larger yield will be obtained. 2. The plants are able to withstand a drought with less damage. 3. CGatti:g the roots of the corn pl-mt is ::voidcd. 4. An acre of corn can be kept free from weeds and properly crushed on the sur face by surface tillage for less mcneoy and with less oefTrt than by deep til!a;e. 5. The land is loft in a condition t:, be bot- E ter protected from washing and incre easily handled the next seasem, or can be sown to grass, wheat or .,:its vcry much more conveniently than if ridged, as will be the case in deep till:tye. A Macon farmer writes favoriug a thorough and deep preparatiou of t:,o soil previous to seeding, after which shallow culture isadvised. *'ItLha beae demonstrated shallow plowing on lands deeply prepared has a tendency to hold the moisture. In the south rapid culti vation is required, and an implement that outs a wide slice is used. We use a sweep or scrape that cuts from 13 to 24 i. c, hes, that scrapes up the soil in rows running very shallow." :: An Ohio farmer says: Shallow, for the following reasons: I. Deep oultiva tion outs off the lateral roots of the p;lantaand thereby weakens their growth -"sad lessens the crop. 2. The ridges turn #1 Iwhbter "iway froin 'the hills when t lall does come and the hollows conduct ,t4tway from the field, if the ground is A jt all rolling, or to low plaoes, where ;,~it is not so much needed, and the field St left very rough. 8. Shallow cultiva 5Y$0n implies that there are many teeth ~K `a' tongues to the cultivator, and these 4iMr the ground more, break up the clods md etst if any much better, make a deal better mulch for the corn and ave the ground smooth. Then when In comes it soaks in all over the sur , .and is stored up for the benefit of h be i.oopna 4. Shallow cultivation is easi ter on man and beast and tools and can continued till the stalks are in tassel ,;with much profit. Ora G n Veraus Pasture. It usied to be common forfarmers who rliiard ..:ne pastures, especially on land : 1b.t wa, annually overflowed, to boast Wtthey could fatten beeves more ' k ,aply on grass than on grain. But : i'-' time has passed, according lo American Cultivator, which says: The pasture has not been wholly sun perseded, for the farnier who has good pasture still has the advantage, provid dl.he supplements pasture with grain. Itn spite of the fact that the pasture sup plies food without labor, while the corn l.cro, if grown and harvested as it should be, requires much labor, the latter is ',moethe cheaper teed. There is com pit ~tivcly little beef now grown which cincas from pasture alone. Even in the ble grass region of, Kentucky western :,,r inu is largely used to supplement the Fi'i b' slotk which are still fattened on .e. There is probably no richer *. at le world than the Kentucky a, whih is; however, identical June grass In our northern lul 1n r rchap a'ntsition, atu es ~9o~~4@~trk .i*Wb.~asa Ab t, uu luiLaun IOr inaian COrn. "iLe 1 grain of a good corn crop has more nu- V tritive value than the grain of any of a' the smaller grains. And there is besides St a great deal of nutritive value in the ti cornstalks. This is now appreciated by i": western farmers more than it ever has sa been before. It is the value of corn- tl stalks as feed that has done as much as P' anything else to make corn supersede tl pasture as a means for fattening cattle. P' 01 CRIMSON CLOVER. tc At the North Carolina Station and Among l North Carolina Farmers. ti F. E. Emery, agriculturist at the 4, North Carolina station, in a recent bul letin tells of experiments with crimson clover begun at the station in 1889, also of reports from farmers in the state ti who have grown this clover. CFollow- as ing are extracts from his report: he There are many words of praise and tl commendation for this crop from differ- a, ent parts of the state for grazing, for cutting to feed green and for hay. Our t own digestion experinents have proved h' the hay from crimson clover, when well ha made, as was the case in the digested al hay, to be richer in digestible food than h any other clover which had then been tl subjected to experiment in that line. It is, however, as a seed crop and a soil ' improver that we would urge its growth ra on a large scale. Crimson clover seeds T freely. It is capable of adding material- dT ly to the incomes of the farmers of every county and at the same time to be help- ti ing to increase the fertility of the farms v' if grown extensively enough to warrant c1 the purchase of hullers to clean the seed R! for sale. To improve land this clover is ti probably next to the cowpen in value t and should follow the cowpea and not a; be used on poor land until the cowpea ti has begun an improvement which this L crop can be used to continue. It is being grown regularly at the experiment farm. At Biltmore this spring we saw a very heavy crop of it being fed to the ' Jersey cows green, and hay was being made of it. The crop is worthy of the i careful attention of every farmer in North Carolina. v Little care and no cultivation after a sowing is needed to grow this crop. It a grows from fall to April or May and may succeed a corn crop and leave the I ground in season for corn to be grown s on the same land as regularly as if it t were left bare between the crops of corn. It can be grown the same in cot- i ton fields if grazed off instead of mak- a ing hay or seed which could not be bar- r vested from among the cotton stalks. N The station advises early seeding, and t j has had best sucoesa with July and I August seedings. There is a better chance to secure a stand of. clover, and if one seeding is followed by such dry, hot weather as to cause a failure there will be time to reseed the land. The early sown crop may be grazed and will b be ready for hay earlier than a late sown crop which requires favorable t winter weather or a late spring in order e to mature well. The Sugar Cane Industry. In commenting on some recent publi cations by Professor Hilgard on the beet I sugar industry the Louisiana Plantaer . says: "The recent enormous development in. I c. ane farming in Louisiana shows that it n is a successful industry. Any one famil- . d lar with it and now surveying the sugar a horizon in this state will be much im-" pressed by the increased preparations, h making everywhere for cane growing.' e Unless our industry is affected by ad- I n verse legislation, it is practically certain ,e that the cane crop of Louisiana will be a doubled within the next five years. Anda r the bulk of the cane to do this wilLb y come from the cane farmers producing1 1 cane on comparatively small acreage s. n "The last statement that we quOto - from Priofesuor Hilgard is also viy in L corrent as 1,000 poounds .of maw anar rtiUm1 ttll cULreI 0alle Ila(1 1i Jl-OUL'laIna would now realizo little other than dis aster either to the cane grower or the sugar manufacturer. The Louisiana sta tistics obtained from the department of internal revenue showed that the aver ago crop was about 18 tons per acre and 4 the avwrage yield of sugar over 140 pounds. We thus reach, as evidenced by theso statistics, an average of over 2, 500 pounds of sugar per acre, and many of 4 our cane farmers are nlow realizing 25 to 30 tons of cane per acre, and the sugar houses buying the cane rarely get 4 less than 100 pounds of sugar per ton, the augar per acre thus reaching from 4, 000 to 5,000 pound:." Bermuda Grass. 4 There is but one grass and only on-) that will take full possession of our lands and hold its own through summer's heat and winter's cold, wet or dry, and that is bermuda grass. It is perennial, and if not choked out by rank vegetation wifl endure for all time. It is as a per manent pasture, however, that we wish 4 to advocate it. Every farmer should have sufficiency of it near his house for all his stock and should set to work now 4 and prepare for its setting next spring 4 by leaving unplanted or unutilized all the ground he wishes to devote to it. It will feed more stock to the acre than 4 any known grass, and for a longer pe-. 4 riod. All kinds of stock are fond of it. The value of an acre of good land sod ded with it is unknown. It is useless to try newfangled annual grasses so much valued in other sections or by the agri cultural press. Get all the bermuda I your stock requires. You will never re gret it. With this grass for green pas turage, spring, summer and fall, and cowpeas for hay in winter a farmer has all the needs in this line. Oats for win ter grazing fill the bill completely. Louisiana Farmer. What Others Say. The advantages of sowing cotton lands with winter forage plants are be ing urged by southern agricultural au thorities. Winter turf oats and hairy I vetch combined are reported as doing admirably at the Mississippi agricultur al college. A Florida grower tells in the Florida Farmer and Fruit Grower that camphor seed should be planted directly from the tree, if possible in the berry. t Southern Cultivator says: Rye is a profitable crop in the mountain sections and on rich land as far south as Pied mont foothills. Still farther south it is very valuable for gracing lots, for cov I ering naked land in winter and for turn I ing under in spring to supply humus. A Pineapple Disease. The malady known as "sanding," which is caused by sand blowing into the apex of the plant and collecting 1 around the young leaves, is of frequent occurrence. If the sand is not removed, it checks the growth of the plant. There r is not much danger from sanding after the plants have become well rooted and are growing vigorously. It is a very common practice in Florida to put a handful of cottonseed meal in the apex of the plant shortly after setting to pre vent it from becoming sanded. The ad r vantage of this is that the cottonseed meal catches the sand, and when wet by rain or heavy dews the mass becomes more or less cemented together. When the plant starts to grow, this mass is r carried up on the ends of the new leavures - and is finally washed off on to the ground, where it serves as a fertilizer. This is a cheap anl apparently a very effective preventive. If plants becoeme a sanded, they may be taken up and the Ssand removed, or the same result may l be accomplished by directing, with cnn siderable force, a small stream of water Sinto the the heart of the plant. Close ! planting, shedding and wind bre:i's ire Sother preventie t~easurea.-Hcrhbert J. SWebber, BUY OUR - - - WHITE ASH on RED ASH. Gas.... AL PITTSIBURG A AJTJ-IAeITE CO.Lb For Domestic Use. No Slack. All Lump. Best Coal on the market. Prompt Delivery. Full Weight Guaranteed. Tt lcphone your orders to Gs Works.j Mechanics' Exchange, II. LINMAN, Pr;p. inc ,Vines Liquc; s, and (i::i:. ' he ony Faust Celebratcd Anh ucer-Eutch eer always on tap, fresh ar.d cchd. LODGING 23c. AUGUST AI~ER', HARNESS MAKER ~lD REPAIRER. Dealer in Hai ness, Horse Collars, Etc , First class workmanship, Moderate Prices, Quick Service. Sto TEXAS STREET. TINNERS, Sheet Metal Workers, Tin Roofing Guiter ing. Elevator, Blow Pipe. Copper Smithing, Galvanized Iron Cornish and.... * 900 Texas ave. SJ-IREVEPORT . Commercial and J(cademic , IJ STITUTE. The course will be two fold; to fit pu pils of both sexes for Business and for . College. Book-keeping Arithmetic, Pen ma ship, English and btenography wil be practically and thoroughly taught. Pupils can enter any day or evening. I For terms, etc., address J. V. CARLIN, SHREVEPORT', LA UAL A// Kinds For A/l Purposes Telephone 272 Quick Deiivery. SHREVEPORT ICE and REFRIERATOR CO