Courier Democrat., December 26, 1895, Image 3

About Courier Democrat. (Langdon, N.D.) 1891-1920

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NORTH DAKOTA.
A
leaf from the History of North
Dakota by Col. Lounsberry, Editor
of the Record, North Dakota's His
torical Magazine—The Louisiana
Purchase—North Dakota Success
ively Claimed by Prance and
Spain, Then a Fart of Louisiana,
Later of Missouri, Michigan, Wis
consin and Minnesota—Pembina,
Fargo and Bismarck in the Minne
apolis District Only 46 Years Ago.
The history of North Dakota Is
So interwoven with that of South Da
kota that it will be impossible to write
of the former without first giving the
outlines in the history of the latter.
Both Dakotas were embraced in a
tract of land purchased by the United
States in 1803 of France for the sum
of $15,000,000. Until 1767 it was claim
ed by France and then ceded to Spain.
In 1800 it was re-ceded to France
and in 1803 sold to the United States
as stated.
That part of this purchase lying
south of Arkansas was designated as
the Territory of Orleans. That north
was styled the District of Louisiana.
The District of Louisiana embraced all
of the present states of Arkansas,
Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Minnesota,
Montana, Kansas, North and South Da
kota, Indian Territory, and parts of
Colorado and Wyoming. The govern
ing power was vested in the Indian
Territory.
In July, 1805, this tract became the
Territory of Louisiana, and in 1812
the Territory of Missouri. In 1835
the Territory of Michigan was organ
ized, and that portion of the two Da
kotas east of the Missouri river be
came a part of Michigan, with the
western part called Mandan Territory.
Two years later Wisconsin was organ
ized, and the two Dakotas became St.
Croix county, Wisconsin. In 1849 Min
nesota was created, and the eastern
half of the two Dakotas were in the
legislative district with Minneapolis.
/*Xn 1^51, Minnesota was divided into
Amine' counties »jnd the eastern half of
North Dakota was in Pembina county,
Minnesota. The western half was still
Mandan, but in 1854 became a part of
Nebraska. Norman W. Kittson repre
sented North Dakota in the Minnesota
legislature in 1852. Joseph Rolette and
Antoine Gingras of Pembina were his
colleagues in thie house, Kittson being
In the council.
In 1858, when Minnesota was admit
ted to the Union, the eastern half of
North Dakota was without a name or
a legal existence, and the western half
was Nebraska. Senator Graham N.
Fitch of Indiana introduced a bill to
create the Territory of Dakota, but it
failed. In 1860 Senator James S.
Greene of Missouri reintroduced the
measure, and it became a law by the
approval of President Buchannan
March 2, 1861. May 27, 1861, William
Jayne of Illinois, having been appoint
ed governor by President Lincoln, ar
rived at Yankton, and the Territory of
Dakota commenced its civil life. It
has been asserted that the name is a
Sioux word, signifying "allied tribes."
This is not true as to its signification.
"Otah" whenever used in the Sioux
language, means plenty. Minne-otah,
from which Minnesota came, means
many waters, not smoky or cloudy
waters, as given in the books. Poho
cotah, La-cofcah and Dak-cotah all have
the same origin and general meaning.
Applied to people they mean many
End
sople. Applied to the country, "a
of plenty." It was because of this
meaning of the word that North Da
kota, being a land of plenty, in the
truest and best sense, refused to give
up the name, insisting upon being
styled North Dakota if the southern
part of the state was unwilling to take
another naime.
The name Pembina, first applied to
this portion of Minnesota, and in 1867
to the Red river valley, extending as
far west as Nelson county, is said to
have originated from a berry growing
on the Pembina river, but this is not
the case. Pemmican was the "bread"
of the early settlers. It was made by
cutting the buffalo meat in strips,
hung in the open air until partially
dried, then whipped or pounded into
shreds on the hides of the buffalo.
Backs were then made of the buffalo
•kins, the buffalo fat heated and these
iii.u .sn.eds of ineat put into it until
It became thick, when it was turned
Into the sacks and sewed up, and
would keep for years. The marrow
fat was used for putting up the tender
loins, and into this berries were stirred,
making the berry pemmican. There
fore, pemmican in a general way meant
something to eat. The Catholic mis
sionaries had overrun the country and
most of the voyageurs and traders were
devoted to that faith. The Holy Eu
chnrlst was celebrated at stated times,
and the hunters made long trips to at
tend, and they came to call tills celebra
tion the "Pembina," meaning blessed
bread, or. as Senator Bogle expressed
It, Sacml Bread.
Whllo there Is in history, tliero was a
settlor at Pembina as early iih 1780,
who wus reported still living there in
182.'$ by Llaut. Long, who at that time
established the international boundary,
and for the tlrst time olHclally display
ed tbe sjars «yid, stripes, on North Da­
T~* SOT
-r~
kota soil, and a fort or trading post
seems to have been established there
as early as 1797, by Chabouillier, a
French trader, there was no permanent
settlement till 1801, when Gapt. Henry,
an agent of the Hudson Bay company,
established a post on the ground after
ward selected by Maj. Hatch for his
camp in 1863, and in 1871 by James
,1. Hill for the establishment of his
bonded warehouse. From this point
Capt. Henry established trading posts
at Grand Forks, Park River and other
points in the valley, later visiting the
Missouri and the Mouse rivers.
In 1811 Thomas Douglas, earl of Sel
kirk, purchased a large tract of land
of the Hudson Bay company. His head
quarters were at Fort Douglas, near
Winnipeg, and his settlements extended
up both the Assinaboine and the Red
rivers. The settlers were Scots evict
ed from the estates of the duchess of
Sutherland. They made settlement in
1812, and at one time their settlements
embraced over 200 families. The grass
hoppers destroyed their crops and they
were driven to Pembina for food about
1814. In 1816 they had become so
firmly established that the Northwest
company agents determined to drive
them out, and failing to incite the In
dians to do so, undertook to frighten
them off by disguising as Indians. La
ter that year they massaored Gov. Sem
ple and several of the Hudson Bay
employes and some of the settlers,
when the Selkirk colonists again sought
refuge at Pembina and built a fort.
This fort proving to be on the Ameri
can side, when the international boun
dary was established, was torn down
in 1823, and the Scotch members of
the colony retired across the line. There
was one party of Swiss colonists in
the Selkirk settlements. They mainly
passed up the river and became the
early settlers in Minnesota.
The Hudson Bay company was char
tered by Charles II. in 1670. He grant
ed to Prince Rupert and fourteen as
sociates all of the land on the Hudson
bay and on streams tributary to it with
full power to sell and govern. Their
system embraced a governor, chief fac
tors, or principal traders, and general
regulations deemed essential for the
peace and safety of property. They is
sued currency and were monarehs of
the country. The land was known as
Rupert's Land and their possessions ex
tended up the Red river to Lake Trav
erse, until cut short by the establish-.
menl of tha .inteructionsl boundary.
A rival company was organized to 1783
at Montreal, and this company fought
its way into the Hudson bay territory
and organized the breeds so far as pos
sible to contend against the old com
pany, but the massacre of the settlers
in 1816 brought so much adverse criti
cism upon them that they were finally
consolidated with the Hudson Bay com
pany, which continued to accupy the
country till about 1875.
The discharged employes of these two
companies, with the assistance of
American capitalists organized an
other company called the Colum
bia, which had trading posts all through
North Dakota and. Minnesota, with
headquarters at Lake Traverse. Other
independent traders came in, Recontre
establishing posts on the James river,
and in 1841 Commodore Kittson arrived
at Pembina with four Red river carts
loaded with goods and commenced lay
ing the foundation for his colossal for
tune. In 1842 he was joined by Joseph
Rolette. Trade was developed to such
an extent that in 1851 a port of entry
was established at Pembina, and
Charles Cavaleer was appointed collec
tor of customs and took up his resi
dence at Pembina, where he still re
sides, and is the oldest settler in North
Dakota of pure white blood. The Red
river carts were mounted by Capt.
Henry in 1802.
ID 1858 a military post was estab
lished at Fort Abercrombie. It was
occupied but one year, when Secretary
of War Floyd, as a part of his plan to
despoil the North and prepare the
South for rebellion, dismantled (the
fort, sold the buildings for a song and
withdrew the troops, but it was re
built in 1861 and maintained until after
the construction of the Northern Pa
cific railroad made it of no further
use. The dead were then removed to
Fort Lincoln, and that in turn aban
doned. Fort Lincoln, near Bismarck,
and Seward, near Jamestown, were in
cidents of the Northern Pacific con
struction, as Totten, Ransom and other
forts were of the Indian war of 1862.
Abercrombie afforded a place of refuge
to the settlers of North Dakota during
the Indian war as Yankton did in South
Dakota.
Resulting from the purchase of the
Louisiana tract in 1803. an expedition
was immediately started out to ex
plore the Missouri portion of our new
possessions. The lower portions of
the Missouri river were in possession
of the Sioux, and most of the North
ern part was occupied by the Man
dans, Arrickarees and Gros Ventres.
They were then powerful tribes. The
Sioux were given to the use of intoxi
cating liquors, but the Mandans were
the original prohibitionists, and boy
cotted even those who offered them
intoxicating liquors. They depended
largely upon corn for their subsist
ence. They had few arms, and en
deavored to tire out the antelope by
running them down with relays of
ponies. Tho buffalo wore principally
killed by chasing them over hlgili
bluffs, where It was hoped they would
become crippled or drowned. The
hear was monarch of all ho surveyed
thore was no Indian who dared his
right to dispute. The gpats which then
t.wrnj»wmiiiiii
occupied the country, became an easy
prey and soon became extinct.
The expedition was under the com
mand of Captains Lewis and Clarke,
of the United States army. They left
the mouth of Wood river, Mo., May
14, 1804. The party consisted of the
two officers named, nine young men
from Kentucky, twenty-one United
States soldiers, a colored man named
Yorke, belonging to Capt. Clarke, an
interpreter and hunter. After they
had passed through the Mandan
country a corporal and stx
men returned. The exploring party
wintered at Fort Clarke, opposite the
mouth of Knife river, in North Dako
ta. The fort, however, was not estab
lished until 1808. The excellence of
the country and the abundance of the
game in the country reported by this
expedition, led to its occupation by
the several fur companies, and later,
for agricultural purposes. The reports
of Capt. Clarke are as interesting as a
fairy tale, and are much sought after,
even to this day. The buffalo were so
thick they often had to drive them
out of the way to get through. Goats
were reported in great abundance
also, antelope, deer and bear. In North
Dakota the Mandans, Gros Ventres
and Arricakees were found to have an
abundance of corn, which they were
eager to trade for trinkets or supplies
of any kind. But their greatest ad
miration was bestowed on the iron ar
row heads made by the expedition
blacksmiths by the use of North Da
kota coal, found in the greatest abund
ance about Knife River.
The Astor Fur company was the
first to occupy the Missouri river, but
owing to the complications incident to
the war, that company was merged
into the Northwestern company, and
did not put in its appearance again
until reorganized, in 1832. John C.
Fremont visited North Dakota. Devils
Lake and the Moose river in 1S29.
The first land ceded by the Indians
in Dakota was in 1851 and was that
portion of Dakota lying between the
Big Sioux river and the Minnesota
line. Sioux Falls, Flandreau, Brook
ings and other towns in South Dakota
are situated in this tract.
The first settlement attempted in
South Dakota was at Sioux Falh in
1856 by a town site company organ
ized in Dubuque, Iowa, but they were
driven off by the Indians but returned
in 1857. The same yewr settlement
was made by a St. Paul company at
Flandreau and Sioux Falls. But all
were driven out in 1858 and again by
the uprising of the Sioux in 1862, ex
cepting the settlement at Yankton,
which had gained a foothold under the
treaty of 1S5S with the Yanktons, un
der which all of the lands east of the
Missouri river was ceded to the whites,
not including the Chippewa country, of
course, in the Red river country. All
of the settlers in South Dakota fled to
Yankton, where there were two com
panies of soldiers authorized by the
war department commanded by Capt.
Nelson Miner, organised in Nj(.Sl-2. and
CJapt. William Tripp, organized in
1802.
In 1S64 a colony was organized at
Syracuse, N. Y., by .lames S. Foster,
brother of George I. Foster of Fargo,
who was a member of the colony and
settled at various points on the Big
Sioux. The drouth and grasshoppers
of that year caused many to leave for
other parts. The colony numbered 100
families. They chartered a special
train from Syracuse to Marshalltown,
Iowa, the nearest railroad point. Gid
eon C. Moody, since senator from
South Dakota, was a uiouilier of this
colony. (Sen. Sully's expedition was
accompanied by the two companies of
Dakota cavalry, and while South Da
kota and Minnesota suffered from ex
treme drouth the Indian com crops on
the Missouri In North Dakota were re
ported good. Other settlements com
menced coming In until In 18(15 the
taxable vol tuition In all the Dakotas
was Settlements Increased In
the southern part of the then Territory
of Dakota, and by 1MU8 the population
bud reached 12,000.,
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The land office created at Vermillion
in 1861 was not opened till 1862, when
I. M. Allen appears as register and M.
Wilkinson as receiver. The first pre
emption claim in the two Dakotas was
made by Thomas McLeese, two miles
west of Yankton the first homestead
by Mahlon Gore, but it was forfeited
by reason of the Indian troubles.
Charles Cavalier made the first pre
emption entry in North Dakota and
Nelson E. Nelson the first homestead
entry. These entries were completed
on the opening of the land office at
Pembina in December, 1870.
Enos Stutsman was president of the
council in 1862 and Moses K. Arm
strong, afterward delegate to congress,
was speaker of the house. James Mc
Fetridge of Pembina was a member of
the council and Capt. H. S. Donaldson
and J. Y. Buchannan were members of
the house. About the time of the Min
nesota massacre, in which about 1,000
settlers were murdered, a settler
named Amidon and son were killed by
the Indians near Sioux Falls and the
settlers in South Dakota who did not
leave tli eterritory moved to Yank
ton, where they fortified the town and
remained a month or more. In 1863
other settlers were killed in the Sioux
valley, among them Thomas Thomp
son, returning from Fort Randall to
Yankton, and the family of Mr. Wise
man, who was a soldier in Gen. Sully's
expedition. On returning from Yank
ton Mrs. Wiseman found her son, six
teeu years old. dead in the yard, a
thirteen-year-old son dead near him. a
desid Indian lying on the floor, the old
est daughter, a girl of eighteen, with
in iron poker jammed down her throat,
a younger child stabbed, but not dead,
In bed, the baby baked to death in the
ov&n, and the house plundered. Later
Sergeant Trask was killed at Ohoteau
crefek. Stutsman was again president
oflthe council, but there were no rep-
A North Dakota Farm.
rescntatlves from the Red River dis
trict.
W. R. Goodfellow. afterward promi
nent in North Dakota affairs, was en
roling clerk at the first session of the
legislature in 1SG2. and Enos Stutsman
was a member of the council from the
Yankton district. The Big Sioux and
Red River district was represented by
Austin Cole and W. W. Brookings in
the council and C. Malony, .T. C. Mc
Brlde, H. S. Donaldson of Pembina
and G. P. Waldron in the house. At
this session of the legislature the fol
lowing counties were created in North
Dakota, viz.: Slieyenne. Stevens, Chip
pewa and Kittson. The county seat of
Kittson coimty was at St. Joseph, now
Wallialla. Under the old Minnesota
organization this county was known
as Pembina, and it was properly or
ganized as such. It remained as Kitt
son county until 1867, when it was or
ganized as Pembina and then em
braced all of North Dakota in the Red
River valley. Chippewa county, cre
ated in 1862, embraced the Grand
Forks region, Stevens county the
Fargo region and Slieyenne the Rich
land county country extending south,
however, to Duel county in South Da
kota.
In 1S(!4 Enos Stutsman was again
president of the council and the North
Dakota district was still unrepresent
ed. .lames B. Gayton. however, the
first white settler in Emmons county,
was an officer—assistant secretary of
the council: and George I. Foster, the
first clerk of the court in North Dako
ta, was chief clerk of the house. At
this time there were no public schools
in all North Dakota, but Newton Ed
munds having been appointed govern
or, appointed James S. Foster superin
tendent of public Instruction. Foster
made an Interesting report to the leg
islature convening In December, 1864.
In 1S05 the last official act of Presi
dent Lincoln was to sign the commis
sion of S. 1.. Spink as secretary of Da
kot i. summer of 1865 Fort
Jill
Fo
of
lu
ies was built at l-'lre Steel, and
Dakota at Sioux Falls. In .1 uly
hat year a Mr. La Moure, engaged
mylng at Hlclilaiul, Union county,
killed by Indians and Thomas
Ikoii was badly wounded. They
all of tho horses belonging to the
liny Pirtx- 1'lilsi .pndvd the trouble
b*
with the Indians In South Dakota bill
in North Dakota the Delorme family
was killed by the Sioux at Pembina,
as late as 1873 Farmer Henry, at
Mandan, as late as 1875 and the same
year a herder, named Wright, about
two miles north of Bismarck. A mall
carrier was also killed between Bis
marck and Standing Rock, about the
same time. There were quite a num
ber of Indian depredations in connec
tion with the opening of the Black
Hills. In these Hubert Smith of Far
go. T. C. Dodge of Bismarck and a
miner named McCall, also of Bis
marck. were killed.
The first session of the supreme
court for Dakota was held at Yank
ton in July, 1865. That year treaties
were made with the Brules and other
upper Missouri Indians, and $50,000 in
presents were distributed among
tliem. Kx-Gov. Edmunds was the head
of this commission. Enos Stutsman
was again a member of the council
from Yankton. North Dakota was not
represented. Charles McCarthy, who
was drowned in the Missouri above
Bismarck in 1S74, while acting sheriff,
was tt member from Todd county, and
George I. Foster was chief clerk of
the house. In 1S66 another commis
sion proceeded up the Missouri river,
and made treaties with the Indians at
Standing Rock and Fort Berthold.
Ex-Gov. Edmunds was the head of
this commission, also. They distrib
uted $122,000 worth of goods to the
Indians. M. K. Armstrong was presi
dent of the senate and Gen. Todd
speaker of Uio house. North Dak&ta
was still unrepresented.
In 1NK7 representatives of all the In-,
dian tribes were sent to Washington,
accompanied by Gov.Faulk and Indian
Agents \mger. iianson. Conger and
Stone. There were forty-five Indians
in the party, and they were said to
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have had a jolly time, with only one
"accident"' to report. One of the In
dians was found one morning sus
pended from a lamp post in Washing
ton. quite dead. The Dakota militia
were organized that spring, with Jas.
L. Kelly, adjutant general: D. M.
Mills, quartermaster general, with the
rank of colonel: John L. Jolly, paymas
ter .with the rank of colonel, and John
Lawrence aid-de-canip, with the rank
of colonel.
The first teachers' institute was held
that year at Elk Point. Lectures were
delivered by S. L. Spink, W.W. Brook
ings. E. O. Collins and Rev. T. McK.
Stewart.
In the legislature of 1807 Enos Stuts
man put in an appearance from Pom
bina county and was elected speaker
of the house. H. J. Austin, the well
known surveyor, was president of the
council, George I. Foster, secretary. It
was this legislature which created all
of the eastern portion of North Dakota
in the county of Pombina. and the coun
ty seat was established at Pembina,
with Charles Cavalier. Joseph Rolette,
and Charles Grant, county commission
ers. The county was organized Aug.
12. 1807. John E. Harrison was ap
pointed register of deeds, William H.
Moorhead. sheriff James McFetridge,
judge of probate and John Dease, su
perintendent of public instruction.
This appeai-s to have been the first
civil organisation in North Dakota, ex
eepting the old Pembina county of Min
nesota. which ended, so far as North
Dakota was concerned, in 1S5S. Vot
ing precincts were established at this
time at St. Joseph, Pembina, Park Riv
er, Dead island (Cavalier county), Pop
lar Creek (Nelson county), Slieyenne
(now Cass and Richland counties). Th*»
voting places were at the custom house
in Pembina at the store of A. Gingras,
St. Joseph at Stump Lake, In the Pop
lar Creek precinct: at Georgetown, in
the Slieyenne precinct.
The tlrst term of court was at Pem
bina In July 1871. Judge French pre
sided and George I. Foster was clerk.
The following were the members of
the grand Jury for that, term: D. M.
Moorhead. It. I. George, Peter Fergu
son. John 1\ ItohluHon, William H.
irltcad, L. E. Gulllon, Lucene Ger
oux, .lames lias lings, James A. E. Duf
fle, Frank Laltoxe, Frauds Co|.urab9j
John Rivelt, John Anderson, Dantd
Olsen, Thomas Clover and Charles
Bronson.
July 3, 1871, an election preoinct was
established at Grand Forks. In Sep*
tember of that year a voting precinflfc
was established at Wild Rice in Gasa
county. A ferry charter was granteA
that fall to G. J. Keeny on the Red
river at Fargo. D. F. Brawley was
granted like privileges at Pembina.
and John Fadden at Grand Forks, Kee
ny was to pay $50 per annum for his
Brawley $15 per annum, and Fadden
$21.
The first instrument offered for reO
ord in North Dakota was a bill of sale,
dated Sept. 12,1868. Baptiste Guardt
pee sold William H. Moorhead four
horses and ar» ox for $553. Joseph
Rolette made the first warranty deed.
He sold ten acres to Frank Columbo
at Pembina. The second deed was
made by Rolette, being five acres at
the mouth of Pembina river to James
J. Hill, now of the Great Northern
railroad, then, 1871. engaged in trading
and in transportation on the Red river.
In 1851 Norman W. Kittson, Joseph
Rolette and Charles Cavalier were the
only white men residing in North Da
kota. The remainder of the inhabit
ants were Indians or part bloods. Kitt
son had then resided in the country
eight years. Rolette came in 1842. Ro
lette was engaged with his uncle, Fish
er, in running a line of carts from the V.
Red river settlements to St. Paul, and
in 1843 engaged as a clerk with Kitt
son. He died in 1870, and now lives
only in the memory of the people, grate
fully remembered especially at St. Paul,
for his part in saving the capital In
that city in 1857, when he made away
with the bill removing it to St. Peter.
Prior to Kittson's establishment at
Pembina, whatever mail received was
brought in via Husdon Bay, and was
but once a year. It is related of the
parents of Mrs. Cavalier that they
had the London Times sent them in
bound volumes by the yearly mail. The
old gentleman would read one copy
each day, being that for the correspond
ing day of the previous year. Orders
were given in August for goods to be
delivered by the first boat the next
year. After the establishment of the
Kittson trading interest at Pembina,
a monthly mail line was established.
The mail was carried by cart trains in
summer, a part of the way by canoe,
and by dog trains in winter.
The Indian title was extinguished In
S a a a
by Gen. J. B. S. Todd an^lQ Worses
Picotte to the land in the f-P
valley for abouit sixty milt®'
w?,
Yankton, and from that tinn', Pay
settlement in South Dakota®
quite rapid though, as befori
18
all settlers were driven to ®'T
during the Indian troubles of 'ear the
of the settlers in Dakota, which V®
embraced all of Montana and a pa.*?
of Idaho and Wyoming at that time,
did not exceed 2,000. The settlements
were about equally distributed be
tween Pembina in North Dakota and
Minnehaha. Clay. Union, Yankton and
Bouhomnie counties in South Dakota.
Enos Stutsman, afterward prominent
in North Dakota affairs, was appoint
ed private secretary to Gov. Jaynea.
Walter A. Burleigh was agent of tha
Yankton Indians.
J. B. S. Todd, the first delegate to
eon cress from Dakota, came to tha
territory in 1855 with Gen. Harne&
who camped with 1,200 men that win
ter at Fort Pierre. Capt Sully wsa
then at Fort Abercrombie and march
ed across the country with two com
panies of infantry from Abercrombie
to Pierre. Dakota then embraced Moo
tana and Wyoming and in 1864 Idaho
was added. In 18 3 the boundary line
was established between Dakota and
Montana and it then remained without
further change until the two Dakotas
were admitted to the Union in 1889.
,1}0^
le^s
,n
The first territorial officers were:
William Jaynes of Illinois, governori
P. Bliss of Ohio, chief Justice S. P.
Williston of Pennsylvania and J. S.
Williams, associate justices John
Hutchinson of Minnesota, secretary*
George D. Hill of Michigan, surveyor
general W. E. Gleason of Maryland.
district attorney, and W. F. Shaffer of
Maryland. United States marshal.
Newton Edmunds of Michigan, after
ward governor, was chief draughts* ]/.
man in the office of the surveyor gen
erai.
The governors of Dakota have been
as follows: William Jaynes, 1861-1863
Newton Edmunds, 1863-1866 Andrew
J. Faulk, 1S66-1869 John A. Bur bank,
1S09-1874 John L. Pennington, 1874
1S7S: William A. Howard, 187S-1880
N. G. Ordway, 1880-1884 Gilbert A.
Pierce. 1S84-1S87 Louis K. Church.
1SS7-1SS9 Arthur C. Mellette, till
statehood. John Miller was elected
governor of North Dakota in 1889, An
drew II. Burke in 1890, Eli C. D.
Shortridge In 1892 and Roger Allin in
1894.
The delegates to congress under the
territory were J. B. S. Todd, 1802 to
1864 Walter A. Burleigh, 1864 to 1869}
S. L. Spink, from 1S69 to 1871 M. K.
Armstrong, from 1871 to 1875 J. P,
Kidder, from 1875 to 1879 G. G. Ben
nett, from 1879 to 1881 R. F. Petti
grew, from 1881 to 1883 John B. Ray
mond, from 1883 to 1885 Oscar 8.
Gilford, from 1885 to 1887 George A.
Mathews from 1887 till statehood.
Hon. llenry O. Hansbrough was the
first member of congress from North
Dakota und he was succeeded by Hon.
Martlu W. Johnson In 1802, who la
still in congress.
On the organisation of the state Hob.
Gilbert A. Pierce was elected to tbC
Continued oil Ei*tiU Page,
If