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* 1 CHER AW GAZETTE. M. MACLEAN, EDITOR & I'ROFKIETOR. C1IERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1836. VOL. II. NO. 3. T. A. PETTEGREW, PRINTER. Published every Tuesday. T E R W S. If paid within three months, . . . 3. 0!) It paid within throe months after the close ot the year, - - - 3. 30 If paid within twelve months after the close of the year 4. 00 If not paid within that time, 1 . . 5. 00 A company of ten persons taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall l>c entitled to it at provided tiie names be forwarded together, accompanied by the money. No paper to be discontinued but at the option of the Editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square the first time, and 37? tor each subsequent insertion. Persons sendijig in advertisements are requested to specify the number of times they ore to he inserted; otherwise they will be continued till j ordered out, aud charged accordingly. iCrThe Postage must he paid on all communications scot by mail. iti ir 11 vrnrii-w v. V KA.A.?J m-a V w.l a. MEMORANDA, FOR THOSE WHO WOULD IMPROVE IN HUSBANDRY. Draining, manuring, alternating crops, and root cu ft ure, arc the best and cheapest means of increasing the profits of a tillage farm?they form the basis of good husbandry. 1. Draining?The fiist requisite is to c'ivest a soil of surplus moisture. Lands that are wet upon the soil or sub-soil, will not bring good grain or grass. If the evil is owing to surface water, it stagnates in summer, and becomes prejudicial to crops growing upon i, and to animals. If it proceeds from springs, it keeps the tempera uro of the soil too low for healthy vegctaion. In either case it prevents the land being worked early, or during wet seasons, and retards the decomposition of the vegetable matters, which should serve as the food of plants. ? , . . iii w nen proj)eriy cirameci, wcr or marsny lanus arc among the most productive soils, as they generally abound in vegetable ma ter, accumulated and preserved by water. Without draining, they are comparatively unproductive, and are often nuisances. 2. Manures are the true food of plants, be the speculations of theorists what they may. Every farmer may demonstrate this truth in his practice. We can no more obtain good crops from a poor soil, than we can obtain good beef from a loan pasture. Vegetable matters constitute alike the raw material for beef and for corn. The elementary matters of both are materially ihe same.?Every vegetable and every animal substance, or whatever has been such, however nauseous and ofF.nsive, con'ains food for our farm crops ; and the fertility of our soil, and the profits of our husbandry, will depend in a great measure upon the econo my with which we husband tin's vegetable food, and the judgment with which we apply it to our crops. Without good crops we cannot rear good animals; and without animals we cannot have dung to enrich our grounds. Every crop we take from a field serves more or less to exhaust the soil of fertility ; and unless wo return to it some equivalent in the form of manure, it will in time become a barren waste. Again, as . animal and vegetable matters begin 1o ferment, and to dissipate their fertilizing properties, as soon as they are brought in contract with heat, moisture and air, they should be buried in the soil in the spring at fiirdicst, in an incipient state of fermentation. And as the hoed crops, such as corn, potatoes, beans, ruta baga, &c., thrive best upon the volatile parts of manure, the long manure should !>e fed to them. The farmer who has a good soil, should take care to keep it good; and he who has a poor soil should strive constantly to make it better, as every advance he makes in improving if, increases Ins productive capital.?This preservation, or increase of fertility, cannot he well effectf?/l n /Inn *?/i/*oi*/] l/\ U IIIIUUI U UUV? IV glU U IV/ 3. Alternating Craps. Few soiis will "bear a repetition of the same crop for successive years, even with the aid of dung, without diminution of product, whether in tillage or grass. One reason of this is, that each kind of crop takes from the soil a specific food, which other kinJs do not take in like quantity. Hence, during an intermission of four or five years there is ordinarily restored to the soil the specific food of that kind which it is capable of growing. Cultivated crops arc sometimes grouped, in alternate husbandry, in three classes, viz. dry crops, embracing all the small grains, and > which are most exhausting; 2d, grass crops, embracing timothy, orchard grass and other perennial varieties, which exhaust less, but which run out, or sensibly diminish in 'product, in a few years; and 3d, green crops, comprising clover, turnips, &c., which pulverise and ameliorate the soil, and exhaust least of all. Where convenient, a crop of one of each of these classes should follow in succession, the grass continuing to occupy the ground while it continues to yield a good crop of hay. If retained too long in grass, the soil becomes too compact, and impervious to the genial influences of heat and air. It is particularly recommended, that two dry crops should not succeed each other, except wheat or rye may follow oats, when the latter is made a fallow crop upon an okl grass lev. Although the deterioration under a bad system of cropping maybe slow, and almost imperceptible, yet both science and experience teach us that it is inevitable, and fatal to the ultimate hopes of the husbandman. Many of the old States afford lamentable evidence of this truth. 4. Root Culture is one of the best gifts which modern improvement has bestowed upon husbandry. It gives the most animal food with the least labor; it is, under good j management, the most certain in its returns;! it gives the most manure: it best amelio-1 rates the soil, and fits it for drv crops; and i it affords an important link in the chain of; alteration. It is considered thr? bush of <_'<-*> 1i i moLMium mm 11 mbbm?m ii i bmmwwmmmmbm husbandry in Great Britain, Flanders, Gor many ami France, and has transformed lh? county of Norfolk from a waste to the mos })rofitable district in England. Highly a: the beet culture is prized in France, as at fording a material lor the profitable fabri cation of sugar, it is no less valued as ai alternating root crop, and asalibrding a ma terial for making good beef and good mut ton. The roots that may enter extensively in o our husbandry, are the potatoe(and tlx varieties of these that are best for table, af< ford t te most nutriment to cattle) ru!a baga mangold uurtz *1, carrot, parsnip and sugar bee*. As subsidiary to the preceding cardinal points it) good tanning, we give the follow, ing, which, although they may appear tc many to he hackneyed truisms, are nevertheless so important as to be worth often repea'ing. 5. Keep none but good farm stock, whether as regards breeds or individuals. Sell the worst of your flocks. Like produces like ; and tire gain in breeding Ironi the btist you have, greatly counterbalances the extra price that the prime individual will bring in the market. A cow that gives eighteen quarts of milk per day in June, costs no more in her keep than one that gives but six quarts; yet the product of the tirst is threefold, and the profits four-fold, those of the latter. The fleece of the; Saxon or Merino sheep is twice as valuable as that of the common one, though the cost of keeping them is equal. And the same corn that will make 100 lbs. of pork upon a long-logged, long-snouted, razor-backed bog, will put 150 or 200 lbs. upon the frame of a Berkshire or other improved breed. G. Keep your farm stock well. A certain quantity of food must be given to keep them alive; all beyond this goes to increase growth, or is converted into meat, or milk, or wool; and if a litrle extra food is in tin's way profitable, much must be proportionable more so, for the more food you thus convert, the greater your return in labor, flesh and milk. 7. Cultivate no more land than you can improve, with a reasonable certainty of handsome fit,net proem bracing in the items f l . .i l P oi expenditure, ttie interest on i:s vaiuc, ioncvs. taxes, manure and lalwr. The good farmer, who raises 80 bushels cf corn on one acre of land, clears the price of 50 bushels, which at 50 cents the bushel, is 8*25, The poor farmer, who cultivates four acres of corn, and gets 30 busltcls on an acre, barely gets compensated for his labor and expense. We estimate the expense of raising and harvesting an acre of corn at 815, or the price of 30 bushels ofthe grain. 8. TJuy good implements and tools, though they cost more than poor ones, and always keep them in repair for use. A good plough is drawn with half the team that a hurl Ann iu. nnrl dnrs thn wnrb !\vir?r? nswed. provided the ploughman knows how to use it. One good ploughing is better than two bad ones. Hence the farmer is soon compensated for the additional cost of the good article. The same remark holds good in icgard to other implemcn's and tools of the farm. In row culture, the cultivator will pay for itself in a season, in the economy of labor; the straw cutter will do the like in economising fodder, and the drill barrow is a subject of economy in root cul ure. 9. Wo hardly need admonish the reader to use none but clean good seed; for every man knows that lie will reap only what he sows?the cheat controversy to the contrary notwithstanding. 10. And lastly, we should disragard our duty, did we not press upon the consideration of every farmer the importance of agricultural publications, as the cheapest and most certain means of improving in the practice and proli s of his business. These bring to his notice constantly the improvements and discoveries that arc going on in the business of agriculture, and they detail the pracice of the best farmers of our country. lie that does not keep pace with the impro 'cmenis of die day, in husbandry, as in other arts, cannot long find pleasure or profit in his employment. Those who stand still and content themselves with the practice of their fathers, will scon find that the business, active world, have all gone ahead of them. But we urge this matter particularly as an efficient means of instructing and qualifying the young for the duiies of mature years?of simulating them to acquire useful knowledge, and that confidence anJ selfrespect which should ever characterize the yeomanry of a free country. The seed must be sown, ami the mind be nurtured in the youth, if we would expect a harvest of respectability and usefulness in the man.? Cultivator. ON FEUDING YOUNG CHILDREN. From " Combe, on Digestion and Dietetics." There is no period of life during which it is of greater importance to follow the intentions of nature in the regulation of diet, both as to quantity and quality, than during the earliest part of childhood; for at no period is the neglect of them more fatal.? Surprise is sometimes expressed at the number of children who arc carried off before completing their lirst or second year ; but when we consider the defective education, and entire ignorance of the human economy, not only of the nurses and servants, to whose care the young are intrusted, but of the parents themselves, our wonder ought to become greater that so many survive, than that so many die. There is perhaps not one mother in ten thousand who, before becoming such, has ever inquired into the nature and wants of the newly-born infant, cr knows on wiiat principles its treatment ought to be directed ; and hence the hurtful and superstitious notions of the human economy which still linger in the nursery, lout: alter they have ceased to prevail in t!i?; world of science. Those whoso opportunities of obscrvar; tion have been extensive, will agree with me t in opinion, that nearly one half of the deaths s occurring during the first two years of ex istence, are ascrihable to mismanagement . and to errors in diet. At birth, the stom1 ach is feeble, and as yet unaccustomed to - food. Its cravings are consequently easily . satisfied, and frequently renewed. A hcalr thy infant seeks the breast with avidity, but ) sucks a little at a time. It leaves an inter. val for thoroughly digesting the little which , it has swallowed : after which its appetite revives, and a fresh supply is demanded in a language which no mother can misinterI pret. During the first months, appetite . ought to be the mother's guide in offering j i the breast; and if she know how to read the { expression of her infant aright, she will want j no other. At that earlv age, there ought | to he no fixed time for giving nourishment. I The stomach cannot be thus satisfied. In j one child digestion may be slow, and the ! interval be consequently too short: in an- j other it mar be quick; and the interval TOO ! long. But the active call of the infant is a sign which needs never be mistaken, and none else ought to be listened to. Many mothers consider every expression of uneasiness as an indication of appetite, and whenever a child cries they offer it the breast again, although ten minutes may no: , have elapsed since its preceding repast.? Nothing can he more injurious than this custom. It overloads and oppresses the stomach,?excites griping and bowel-complaints, restlessness and fever,?and not unfrequently leads to fatal diseases in the brain. It does harm also, bv withdrawing the mother's notice from the real source i of uneasiness. It is astonishing, indeed, with what ex- j clusiveness of understanding eating is re- j garded, even by intelligent parents, as the : grand solatium or panacea for all the pains j and troubles which afflict the young. If a child falls over a s'one and bruises its leu, I tJ' I its cries ?iro immediately arrested by a su- : gar-biscuit stufled into its open mouth.? | If its temper is discomposed by the loss of a ; toy, it is forthwith soothed by an offer of! ! sweetmeats, the ultimate effect of which is ( to excite colicky pains in its bowels, which j are worse than the original evil, and for j which, in their turn, it is presented with 1 "nice peppermint drops," or some other' equally pleasant antidote. Because the mouth is open when the child is crying, and the mouth leads to the stomach, parents jump to the conclusion that it is open for ; the purpose of being tilled, and proceed to ; cram it accordingly; forgetting all the while that the mouth leads also to the windpipe, and may be open for the admission of air to the lungs, as well as of food to the s'o-! mach, and that if they stuff it with cake or pudding when it is open only for .he recep- j tinn nf air. thrv run the risk of suffocating 1 w # ' J m w the little innocent, when their only wish is i to soothe liirn. Kvcry body must have seen fits of convulsive cough induced by fragments of food being drawn into the i windpipe in such circumstances. To confound crying and the expression of pain with the cravings of hunger, is far; from being a matter of indifference to the J child. Jffood be given when it wishes only ? 1 to be relieved from sullcring, the offending i cause is left in activity, and its efleets arc i aggravated by the additional ill-timed distention of its stomach. But so far is this important truth from being sufficiently impressed on ' the minds of parents and nurses, that noth- j ing is more common, when the infant refu- i ses to swallow more, but still continues to crv, than to toss it in the nurse's arms, as if on purpose to shake down its food, | and then resume the feeding. And in such j attempts it is too true that the perseverance of the nurse often gets the better of the child, and forces it at last to receive the food at t which it really loathes. 44 Let appetite, then, be the only rule, hut allow it to appear, and do not attempt to provoke it. The breast ought not to be j offered to the infant; it is for him to seek j it. He has little need of sucking who takes ; it with indifference, or as if he were conferring a favour. He who is hungrv acts; 0 o y very difforendy; all his gestures express clearly the want and the desire ; his eye j follows his nurse, and tries to interpret her j every movement. If he is crying, his cries ; cease at her approach, and smiles replace his tears. If he is olfercd the breast, j he seizes it with ardour, and the mother , viclds to a natural want." But it is far oth-1 erwise when real oppctitc is wanting, and | It then becomes an act of cruel perfidy to ! tempt the infant by the offer of the breast, j How can it be expected to resist the temptn- j tion, when the adult, whose appetite is al- j ready satisfied al the festive board, yields j 1 ho cnlioifMtinnvj of tlm host, nnd corses I L"^ ' O O l himself with aliments which he cannot di- j gust ?"* The same intelligent author remarks, j that the lower .animals instinctively avoid .j ' this error, and, instead of offering suck too ; often, rather allow themselves to he strongly solicited before yielding to the wishes of i their young. By this provident arrange-: , ment, the latter are protected from the evils of too frequent eating. Many mothers ! imagine that milk is so bland a fluid that it j is impossible for an infant to take too much i oi* it; but the fallacy of the notion is expo- j sed when we recollect that milk is coagulated the; moment it reaches the stomach, and that the real subject of digestion is curd? ! a substance not quite so light as milk has ' the appearance of being. The grand rule, then, during the early months of infancy, is to satisfy the clearly 1 indicated and ascertained wants of the child, I j but neither to confine it to regular hours,; nor to oiler it food when it is crying solely j from pain and not from hunger. When j j! the system has become more developed, % fionde. KlerrrT.s d*Hygiene, vol. ii. i? lf?l. and the stomach accustomed to tiie excr cise of its functions, regularity in the dislri bution of its meals may be gradually an< beneficially introduced; because, in tlx animal economy, there is a natural tendon cy to periodicity, which greatly facilitate; the formation of proper habits. From the sudden change attending tlx introduction of the infant into the world, the many new sensations which it begins tc feel, and the non-secretion of milk in tin mother's breasts lor some hours after deli very, it seems to have been intended by na lure that both parent and child should have some time for repose before a supply ol food should be required by the one or furnished by the other. But through pure ignorance and mistaken kindness, manj nurses, imagining themselves wiser than nature, and conceiving that the newly-born infant must of necessity bo starving nftoi what they consider a nine months' Fast, hasten to till its stomach with gruel or some other food. Not unfrequently, severe indi 'if**:11 io t!11ic indnml nt fhr> vnrv r?i> 6w..w.. vi; w. w which, in a delicate child, may be sufficient to iny tb.e foundation of much suffering and O bad health. The following historical note we extract from an article in the Newborn Spectator. Ncwbern was first settled in 1709, one hundred and twenty-seven years ago, b;* a colony of Palatines, or Germans, from Heidleburg 011 the Rhine, and its vicinity. The spot was called New Berne, out of compliment to Graflenried, the unworthy leader of the pnrtv, who was a native of Berne, in Switzerland. Their first shelter, like that of most emigrants at that period, were ternporary hutsT erected on the spot where we now write, which they occupied till they should be formally put in possession of their promised lands. Graflenried and Micliell had previously covenanted with the Lords Proprietors of Carolina for 10,000 acres, between the Nense and Cape Fear river.*, at twenty shillings the hundred acres, and sixpence, annually, quit reir. Having thus secured the lands, these men wished to make them productive, by settling th"in, and they accordingly agreed to transport to Carolina one hundred families, about 030 in number, who had sought refuge in Eng i. . . land from irreligious persecution in their own country, promising to each 230 acres of land, to be held on easy terms. In Deceni!)or of the year above mentioned the Palatines landed, as sta cd, at the confluence of the Ncuse and Trent, and erected their temporary huts. But the ill fortune which, in their native country, had compelled them to seek the protection of Queen Anne, of England, pursued them even here. Graffenried, in whose name the lands had been taken up, and with whom the confiding cmigruns had deposited their money, returned to Europe without having given them a title to their respective settlements.?He had, before bis departure, treacherously mortgaged the whole grant to Thomas Pollok, for eight hundred pounds sterling, and it passed to the heirs of that gentleman, who, at this day, retain a considerable portion of it. These unfortunate people were, after a series of years, partly indemnified by a grant of 10,000 acftts, free from quit rent for ten years, in consequence of their petition to the King, George the First. Among the descendants of those pers'reuted people who yet remain in the neighborhood, we can trace but the names of lslar, Moor, Eipock, Morris, Kinsev, Kchlar,Gran ado, Miller, and Simons. The earliest legislative act which we find respecting the laying out and promotion of the town, is dated 23d November, (O. S.) 1728. We have repeatedly recommended the ^Common School Assistant," published in Albany, X. Y. at the low price of 50 cents per ni:uum, as a valuable work for both parents and teachers. The following communication we copy from the November No. because it points out some of the advantages of the work. It was commenced Inst winter. The back numbers can still, we believe, be obtained. Ballston, October 10, 1936. Mb. Editor?Permit me to say, (although the "Common School Assistant" has proved better than its patrons promised, and is universally appreciated by all i's readers,) 1 think there is one point of great importance in which your paper has nor been considered. The point 1 refer to is this:?It saves for evertj parent a considerable amount oj his school expenses. This all will admit; but to make it still clearer, I will say something of my children, and their school and teacher. The numbers you have published on the best method of teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, dec. l?r?vr> co onlirrhtenod and assisted our teach "" " ~ "O - er, that I am confident that I speak within bounds, when I say my children have made three times the improvement in the same amount of time they did before your paper was read. Indeed, sir, there is a now spirit in our school. The teacher has three times the skill in communicating knowledge that he had before. And your remarks on school government too. Sir, you cannot imagine how different our teacher governs his school now, from wiiat he once did.? Whenever I used to pass the school-house, I always heard the sound of whipping or scolding, or loud talking and wrangling; but now, when I pass the school, it is so still and quiet that I think if the children wish to read and reason, they have a good op. portuniiy. Although I pay no more than I did one year ago, I am confident that my children receive twice the benefit from the school.? If a parent will pay fifty rents for youi paper, he will so assist his ch icken and tin marly.']' to save /and I make a mod'Tat* - estimate,) at least five dollars a year in . school expenses. I do know I have done so. J and that all my neighbours have been equal2 ly benefitted. Our children's time is valuable, and the s money \vc pay for their schooling amounts to a considerable sum; and hence it is of 2 the greatest importance that this precious ? time he well spent, and that our money is > well laid out. We seem willing enough to > buy books, to employ teachers, and to build . school-houses. Yes?for these things we . arc willing, and do it cheerfully, to pay large ; sums every year. But when some are ref quested to pay fifty cents for your paper? which will make that school-house more valuable, the teacher more competent, more r skilful, and the books more intelligible and i instructive?they think they cannot afford i it. They might as well say, I must have horses nnd oxen to do mv work, and cows , to furnish me with milk and butter, and therei fore I have bought them, but I cannot now afford to feed them?it will be an additional .1 l A i l 1 , expense?incy nave cosi me so mucn ai: ready that I cannot afford to buy hay and grain. But on this subject we would not talk so. We would give our cattle every attention and the best of food, if we intended them to do us good service. But not so do we act towards our school. We give i this but very little attention. We hardly know whether it is fit to do us any service or not, or whether it labors profitably,-or in s fact, whether it labors at all. To pay fifty cents to make this extensive machine do a good service and labor faithfully, tec think ice cannot afford. No, the steam-engine has cost so much, that we cannot afford to buy wood to get the steam up?the Plough and horses have cost so much that we can- i not buy a harness to work with: it costs so i much to pay teachers and to buy books, that wc cannot afford to get that which will make these teachers and hooks moro useful ! Mr. Editor, tell mc, sir, is this common sense/ How wolii'Iy do parents miss it, when they refuse a little expense to make that useful which they pay so much for? I am confident that if parents will reflect a moment, they will see their true interest, and get all the help they can to make their school, which forms their children's character, enlightened and useful, and one that will give them a fair return for the money tliey pav. A PARENT. TEACHING. Too litde attention is given to this important art. The following directions for teaching were handed in to us by a friend a number of months ago. They are from an experienced teacher, and may prove useful to parents and teachers: * I T P L-J.1 Jn DCginingme euucunon 01 yourcnnurcn, do not depend foo much upon books in their hands, particularly if they are under nine years of age. Commence instruction by exercises in mental calculations, drawing, geographical figures, and merely the outlines of maps; introduce spelling particular, ly, by using large letters. As soon as a child can spell a word of three syllables there is no difficulty in teaching him to read.? Do not continue one exercise so long as to fatigue or tire the child; but let them be varied so as to become pleasing. Take care to illustrate to the eye when possiuie, any uuug juu man >u ufiuiiiuincate; and if it is an exercise of judgment, let your explanation be plain and easy, and simply illustrated by some little s'ory. As soon as your child can read, commence geography by using maps. Let his lessons in arithmetic,-geography, and in fact, every thing you teach, be made a part of his reading. Let his writing consist of something lie is studying. You can teach a child of five years of age spelling, drawing, writing, calculation, reading, geog-aphy, all at the same time. Children soon learn to draw outlines of maps correctly; then let them proceed to fill them up by placing the towns, and drawing the rivers. This gives an exercise, continuing the drawing, spelling, writing and geography. When a child is advancing beyond what he understands, retreat, and present what you wish him to understand in some other form?fow children relish the same thing over again. Whenever you fail to arrest the attention to one study, try another; in this way I always get my scholars to study I , attentively. Never show yourselves angry - if possible. Do not ever speak in a loud | I tone of voice. By no means admit punishrncnt of any sort. Appeal to reason, and you will never fail. Grammar and the highest branches of mathematics should be o * reserved for children over 12 years of age. The elements of philosophy by question and answer is an interesting s.udy for young i children, if you can get suitable books,' (Little Philosopher.) Do not require them to commit tasks to memory in the ordinary way; depend upon it that is laborious to the child, and in my opinion serves more to weaken his mind than to improve it. 1 depend upon illus rating to the eve; and in this I go almost beyond any one I have ever met with. I find no diflicultv in teaching i elementary calculation by visible objects; and in fact, almost every thing I do teach , children under nine years of age. If you teach a school, lot your school be so arrangfil that your pupils can be always engaged. I This prevents ail the mischief common in i schools. Give one hour in the moruing to . arithmetic, one hour to natural history, by using pictures, and one hour to drawing | i maps and filling them up. In the evening ! i give your first lesson in writing; let it con sistof something they are learning; never r write for writing sake only. Use a slate' ; with young beginners in writing. Give half * an hour to reading hv classes. Let' th's lecture consist of something they are studying. Never put a book in a child's hand which you think above his comprehension? picture lessons are the best. Give a lesson in practical numbers wit!) your numeral frame. If ydu have no such apparatus, use coffee grains, beans, or something similar. I used small solids to advantage. Ifa child betrays inattention while in class, do not show anger: but send him oil*, at the same time denying him the instruction you are giving the others. This you will scarcely have to do a second time. Make the learning tiro good tiling in view, and when they displease, make the denial of it the only punishment, and you will never fail. If you wish your children educated, never let dietn study Latin. French and Italian, when practically taught area valuable part of an education.?N. Y. S. Jour. The Sabbath at Home.?Like all the other associations of childhood, the manner of spending the Lord's day at home will make an impression that time will not weaken. If it is made n day of austerity and gloom to the child, the lad will be glad of the first season of liberty to change it to a day of pleasure, and if will be very difficult ever to bring the man to reg.<r i it in a pleasing light. It is of the greatest importance, therefore, to know what is the proper way of observing the Sabbath, and how to tan children to the duty. To answer the first inquiry we must learn from Scripture the history and design of the ohs-irvance; the nature of the events commemorated; the manner in which the day is spoken of; the example of our Lord and his disciples; the duties enjoined and and the things forbidden in regard to it. The result of such an investigation will be, that the Lord's day is a season of res'; of suspension of secular employents and pleasures; a joyful commemoraion of the resurrection of Christ; a day for spiritual improvement; a day for doing good. m *i 1 ? .!?'_ To tram ciuidrcn to ouserve tne day in the right wav, Christian parents must, of course, keep it in a m inner consistent wi.h these facts. They will allow no worldly business or amusements to be pursued; they will lend their families td contemplate the glorious event of the triumph of the Re. deemcr over death ; their conversation and countenances will indicate pence, nnd kindness, ai/ love; they will instruct their children with cheerfulness in tl?eir du ies to their Crca'or and Saviour, and take them gently and kindly to Him in prayer and praise; public worship will be regularly and punctually attended, and the tabernacles of the Lord will bo visi'ed, nnd spoken of as amiable?lovely. The father who makes his home on the Sabbath an abode of quietness, sacred joy, and clieerful praise, who displays at/-cl ion tolas children and ser vants, and makes the Bible a revered and beloved volume, and sets an example of private and family prayer, and of universal benevolence, may hope that the blessing of heaven will rest uj>o;i his household, and make the Sabba h a day of delight to his seed afer him. But the parent who is more reserve* 1 and distant to his children on the holy day than on any other; who biuds them to r? ligious duties as 10 a penance, and turns the Lord's day into a season of fasting, confinement and gloom, need not be " ' ? 1 u astonished n tne oiesseu nine suuuiu jwumc a weariness <o tlu-m, aud if they should grow up strangers to the emotions which filled the writer of the eighty-fourth Psalm. S. S. Journal. From tho Texan Telegraph of Oct. 4, SANTA ANNA'S PROTEST, Translations Office of the Private Secretary of the President of the Republic of Mexico, General-in-chief of the Army of Operations. I, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President of the Republic of Mexico, and Gener. al-in-chief of the army of operations agaii^ Texas, do appear by means of this official document before the Government, ad inter2/7i, of the people of Texas, in order to show to them by this, that I am resolved to publish to the civilized world, the following protest: I pro est against the violation of the faith engaged in the agreement made between me and the Government of Texas, signed the 14th May u!t. and commenced verbally with the Gcneral-in-chief of lh*s Army of Texas, Samuel Houston, and T. J. Rusk, Secretary of War; wherein th? I following is stipulated : I protest 1st. For having been treated more like an ordinary criminal titan as a prisoner cf war, the head of a respectable nation, even after the agreements had been, commenced. I pro'est 2nd. For the treatment as prisoner of war, and ill usage received by tho Mexican General, Adrian Wall, who had ? :.u n <ia? come ii.io the 1 cxian camp wnu n v. truce, under tiie safe-guard and woru of honor of General Hous'on, and with the consent of the members of the Cabinet. I protest ord. Against the non-fulfilment of the exchange of prisoners, stipulated in the 9th article, inasmuch as up to the present time, not even one Mexican prisoner of war, has been set at liberty, notwithstanding tfje liberty given to all the Texians in possession of the army under my command. 4th. I? 'cause the *l sine qua non" of die 10th article, as follows, has not been carried info effect; which is, that I shall be sent to Vera Cruz,44 when the Government shall deem it properwhereas the President himself and the Cabinet of Texas, bc; ing convinced that 1 had punctually fulfilled all my engagements, viz: that the Mexican army, 4000 strong, should retreat from the position it occupied on the Drazos to beyond 44 Rio Grandethat all the property should be g'ven tm. els*) the prisoners of war??